Architecture of a PLC. ¢ ‘Address bus A ( Controf bus | a a a5 be Ea 5 Program panel Batfory i} — aad cpu Es Si Ral out —) prog 8 ROM RAM unit VY 1 iE aE }_ iE (—_ Data bus TO system bus Buffer Latch Lt if Be: Opto- Driver coupler interface ATER | eaey Drivers_] e.g. relays Input channels Vy J ] v Output channelsInput Scan * During the input scan, data is taken from all input modules in the system and placed into an area of PLC memory referred to as the input image area Input Image Area PLC Input module] [Input moduleOutput Scan e During the output scan, data is taken from the output image area and sent to all output modules in the system [anpou andyno| PLC Output Image Area L lainpow qndyno|Ladder Logic * Ladder logic is one form of drawing electrical logic schematics, and is a graphical language very popular for programming Programmable Logic Controllers * The name is based on the observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical "rails" and a series of horizontal "rungs" between them. LU cR1Ladder Diagram & ee P coil 50 is used to move other contact(s)Rung Scanning RUNG 1 2 1 me @ 2 6. 3 Ge 4 Ge 9 @w @n @u @ e e ° weve’Column Scan o @ n @ + @ m®@ ee e-s8-e--68Ex1.: Show the logic gate, truth table, and circuit representation for a solenoid valve (V1) that will be open (ON) if selector switch S11 is ON and if level switch L1 is NOT ON (liquid has not reached level). si Li (lt) | v4 Q 04 0 a 10 0 1 04 1 1 10 0 Truth Table 1 2 Lt CRI v1 cri St v1 D-- “eo Electrical Ladder Circuit Logic RepresentationHARDWIRED PLC Ls1 Ls2. SOL Ls1LS2 CO) (a) Series Ls1 SOL Ls1 SOL Ls2 Ls2 (b) Parallel ust Ls3_— SOL Ls1—LS3. so | L o~\ 1 | LS2 Ls2 (e) Adding one LS in seriesSample system cPu Input | Image User program Digital input module Digital output module Output image Operator control switch “ % | Alarm light 6 oe ~~ + oa + Part || _ | Spray sensor painter | Hp paint) Paint -— level Zero speed sensor Motor sensorTwo Rung Ladder Program on Part Spray switch sensor paint Paint empty Operator alarm Conveyor stopped