Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and
Problems Involving Two Materials
(Strength of Materials)
Dave Morgan
<dave.morgan@sait.ca>
10 kN
B
C
30 kN
10 kN
B
C
30 kN
C
30 kN
C
30 kN
20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
10 kN
B
C
30 kN
20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
10 kN
AB
B
C
30 kN
20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
10 kN
AB
B Consider only the segment from A to
N-N
C
30 kN
20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
20 kN
10 kN
AB
B Consider only the segment from A to
N-N
ΣFy = 0, so there is an internal force
of 20 kN at N-N
C
30 kN
20 kN
Similarly, we can find the internal force
within segment AB:
A
N N Insert a section N-N through segment
20 kN
10 kN
AB
B Consider only the segment from A to
N-N
ΣFy = 0, so there is an internal force
of 20 kN at N-N
C
30 kN TAB = 20 kN (tension)
A 12 kN C B
A 12 kN C B
A 12 kN C B
RA A 12 kN C B RB
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
ΣFx = RA + RB − 12 = 0
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
ΣFx = RA + RB − 12 = 0
⇒ RA + RB = 12
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
= RA + RB − 12 = 0
ΣFx
⇒ RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
= RA + RB − 12 = 0
ΣFx
⇒ RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so δAB = 0.
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
= RA + RB − 12 = 0
ΣFx
⇒ RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so δAB = 0.
⇒ δAC + δCB = 0
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
= RA + RB − 12 = 0
ΣFx
⇒ RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so δAB = 0.
⇒ δAC + δCB = 0
⇒ −RAE A ×500
+ RBAE
×400
= 0
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
= RA + RB − 12 = 0
ΣFx
⇒ RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so δAB = 0.
⇒ δAC + δCB = 0
⇒ −RAE A ×500
+ RBAE
×400
= 0
⇒ 400RB = 500RA
500 mm 400 mm
RA A 12 kN C B RB
= RA + RB − 12 = 0
ΣFx
⇒ RA + RB = 12
Two unknowns and a single equation; the problem is
statically indeterminate.
The supports at A and B are fixed so δAB = 0.
⇒ δAC + δCB = 0
⇒ −RAE A ×500
+ RBAE
×400
= 0
⇒ 400RB = 500RA
Now we have two equations and two unknowns; we can
solve for RA and RB
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials – p. 6/30
Statically Indeterminate Problems
RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA
RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA
⇒ RA = 12 − RB
RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA
⇒ RA = 12 − RB
RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA
⇒ RA = 12 − RB
⇒ 900RB = 6000
RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA
⇒ RA = 12 − RB
⇒ 900RB = 6000
⇒ RB = 6.667 kN
RA + RB = 12
400RB = 500RA
⇒ RA = 12 − RB
⇒ 900RB = 6000
⇒ RB = 6.667 kN
⇒ RA = 5.333 kN
500 mm 400 mm
5.333 kN 6.667 kN
A 12 kN C B
a b
A C B
P
a b
A C B
P
a b
A C B
P
a b
A C B
RA P RB
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution:
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
δAC + δCB = 0
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
δAC + δCB = 0
RA ×a −RB ×b
⇒ AE + AE = 0
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
δAC + δCB = 0
RA ×a −RB ×b
⇒ AE + AE = 0
⇒ aRA = bRB
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
δAC + δCB = 0
RA ×a −RB ×b
⇒ AE + AE = 0
⇒ aRA = bRB
⇒ a (P − RB ) = bRB
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
δAC + δCB = 0
RA ×a −RB ×b
⇒ AE + AE = 0
⇒ aRA = bRB
⇒ a (P − RB ) = bRB
⇒ aP = (a + b) RB
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
δAC + δCB = 0
RA ×a −RB ×b
⇒ AE + AE = 0
⇒ aRA = bRB
⇒ a (P − RB ) = bRB
⇒ aP = (a + b) RB
a
⇒ RB = a+b P
a b
A C B
RA P RB
Solution: RA + RB − P = 0
⇒ RA = P − RB
δAC + δCB = 0
RA ×a −RB ×b
⇒ AE + AE = 0
⇒ aRA = bRB
⇒ a (P − RB ) = bRB
⇒ aP = (a + b) RB
a
⇒ RB = a+b P
b
⇒ RA = a+b P
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials – p. 10/30
Problems Involving Two Materials
A concrete footing is
poured:
It contains steel rebar
throughout
Steel extrudes from
the top of the footing
This will be attached
to the steel for the
column.
PC ·LC
We can use δC = to calculate the deformation
AC ·EC
of concrete under a load
PC ·LC
We can use δC = to calculate the deformation
AC ·EC
of concrete under a load
We can use δS = APSS ·L
·ES to calculate the deformation
S
PC ·LC
We can use δC = to calculate the deformation
AC ·EC
of concrete under a load
We can use δS = APSS ·L
·ES to calculate the deformation
S
PC ·LC
We can use δC = to calculate the deformation
AC ·EC
of concrete under a load
We can use δS = APSS ·L
·ES to calculate the deformation
S
PC ·LC
We can use δC = to calculate the deformation
AC ·EC
of concrete under a load
We can use δS = APSS ·L
·ES to calculate the deformation
S
PS PS
6 6
PC
PS PS
6 6
PC
PS PS
6 6
PC
1370 kN
PS PS
6 6
PC
⇒ PS ×1150
= “ PC ×1150 ” 1370 kN
(6×200)×ES π×300 2
−(6×200) ×EC
4
PS PS
6 6
PC
⇒ PS ×1150
= “ PC ×1150 ” 1370 kN
(6×200)×ES π×300 2
−(6×200) ×EC
4
PS ×1150 PC ×1150
⇒ 1200×(200×103 )
= “
π×300 2
”
4
−1200 ×(25×103 )
PS PS
6 6
PC
⇒ PS ×1150
= “ PC ×1150 ” 1370 kN
(6×200)×ES π×300 2
−(6×200) ×EC
4
PS ×1150 PC ×1150
⇒ 1200×(200×103 )
= “
π×300 2
”
4
−1200 ×(25×103 )
PS PS
PS PC
⇒ 1200×200 = 69486×25
6 6
PC
⇒ PS ×1150
= “ PC ×1150 ” 1370 kN
(6×200)×ES π×300 2
−(6×200) ×EC
4
PS ×1150 PC ×1150
⇒ 1200×(200×103 )
= “
π×300 2
”
4
−1200 ×(25×103 )
PS PS
PS PC
⇒ 1200×200 = 69486×25
6 6
PC
1200×200
⇒ PS = 69486×25 · PC
⇒ PS ×1150
= “ PC ×1150 ” 1370 kN
(6×200)×ES π×300 2
−(6×200) ×EC
4
PS ×1150 PC ×1150
⇒ 1200×(200×103 )
= “
π×300 2
”
4
−1200 ×(25×103 )
PS PS
PS PC
⇒ 1200×200 = 69486×25
6 6
PC
1200×200
⇒ PS = 69486×25 · PC
⇒ PS = 0.13816PC
⇒ PS ×1150
= “ PC ×1150 ” 1370 kN
(6×200)×ES π×300 2
−(6×200) ×EC
4
PS ×1150 PC ×1150
⇒ 1200×(200×103 )
= “
π×300 2
”
4
−1200 ×(25×103 )
PS PS
PS PC
⇒ 1200×200 = 69486×25
6 6
PC
1200×200
⇒ PS = 69486×25 · PC
⇒ PS = 0.13816PC
We now have two equations for the two unknowns,
PS and PC .
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials – p. 21/30
Problems Involving Two Materials
Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
PS PS
6 6
PC
Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
⇒ 0.13816PC + PC = 1370
PS PS
6 6
PC
Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
⇒ 0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
⇒ PC = 1+0.13816
PS PS
6 6
PC
Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
⇒ 0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
⇒ PC = 1+0.13816
⇒ PC = 1203.7 kN PS
6
PS
6
PC
Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
⇒ 0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
⇒ PC = 1+0.13816
⇒ PC = 1203.7 kN PS
6
PS
6
⇒ PS = 166.3 kN PC
Solution:
PS + PC = 1370 1370 kN
PS = 0.13816PC
⇒ 0.13816PC + PC = 1370
1370
⇒ PC = 1+0.13816
⇒ PC = 1203.7 kN PS
6
PS
6
⇒ PS = 166.3 kN PC
1370 kN
PS PS
6 6
PC
1370 kN
PS PS
6 6
PC
PS PS
6 6
PC
PS PS
6 6
PC
PS PS
6 6
PC
⇒ σC = 58.0 MPa
PS PS
6 6
PC
⇒ σC = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6
PC
⇒ σC = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6
PS = 152 kN PC
⇒ σC = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6
PS = 152 kN PC
152
⇒ σS = (6×200)
⇒ σC = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6
PS = 152 kN PC
152
⇒ σS = (6×200)
kN
⇒ σS = 0.1267 mm2
⇒ σC = 58.0 MPa
Find the stress in the steel: PS PS
6 6
PS = 152 kN PC
152
⇒ σS = (6×200)
kN
⇒ σS = 0.1267 mm2
⇒ σS = 126.7 MPa
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials – p. 23/30
Problems Involving Two Materials
⇒ δC = 0.00221 mm
⇒ δC = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if we’ve done our calculations correctly,
then δS = δC ):
PS ·LS
δS = AS ·ES
⇒ δC = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if we’ve done our calculations correctly,
then δS = δC ):
PS ·LS
δS = AS ·ES
152×(3.5×103 )
⇒ δS = 1200×(200×103 )
⇒ δC = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if we’ve done our calculations correctly,
then δS = δC ):
PS ·LS
δS = AS ·ES
152×(3.5×103 )
⇒ δS = 1200×(200×103 )
⇒ δS = 0.00222 mm
⇒ δC = 0.00221 mm
Find the deformation in the steel (if we’ve done our calculations correctly,
then δS = δC ):
PS ·LS
δS = AS ·ES
152×(3.5×103 )
⇒ δS = 1200×(200×103 )
⇒ δS = 0.00222 mm
The small difference in deformation is due to rounding errors
115 mm
Exercise: A hollow square steel
structural section has outside dimensions of 105 mm
Find σS , σC and δ
105 mm
250 kN
175 mm
250 kN
175 mm
= 2200 mm2
250 kN
175 mm
= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 × 105
250 kN
175 mm
= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 × 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2
175 mm
= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 × 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2
Let PS be the reaction force of the steel and
175 mm
PC the reaction force of the concrete.
= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 × 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2
Let PS be the reaction force of the steel and
175 mm
PC the reaction force of the concrete. Then,
ΣFy = PS + PC − 250 = 0
= 2200 mm2
AC = 105 × 105
250 kN
= 11025 mm2
Let PS be the reaction force of the steel and
175 mm
PC the reaction force of the concrete. Then,
ΣFy = PS + PC − 250 = 0
P S + PC = 250 kN
105 mm
250 kN
175 mm
105 mm
250 kN
175 mm
250 kN
175 mm
PC PS
⇒ 11025×20 = 2200×200
250 kN
175 mm
PC PS
⇒ 11025×20 = 2200×200
11025×20
⇒ PC = 2200×200 · PS 250 kN
175 mm
PC PS
⇒ 11025×20 = 2200×200
11025×20
⇒ PC = 2200×200 · PS 250 kN
⇒ PC = 0.5011PS
175 mm
PC PS
⇒ 11025×20 = 2200×200
11025×20
⇒ PC = 2200×200 · PS 250 kN
⇒ PC = 0.5011PS
ΣFy = 0 so 175 mm
PC + PS − 250 = 0
PC PS
⇒ 11025×20 = 2200×200
11025×20
⇒ PC = 2200×200 · PS 250 kN
⇒ PC = 0.5011PS
ΣFy = 0 so 175 mm
PC + PS − 250 = 0
⇒ PC = 250 − PS
PC PS
⇒ 11025×20 = 2200×200
11025×20
⇒ PC = 2200×200 · PS 250 kN
⇒ PC = 0.5011PS
ΣFy = 0 so 175 mm
PC + PS − 250 = 0
⇒ PC = 250 − PS
Now we have two equations for the two
unknowns, PC and PS
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials – p. 27/30
Problems Involving Two Materials
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
250 kN
175 mm
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250 kN
175 mm
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250
⇒ PS = 1+0.5011
250 kN
175 mm
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250
⇒ PS = 1+0.5011
⇒ PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN
175 mm
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250
⇒ PS = 1+0.5011
⇒ PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN
⇒ PC = 83.5 kN
175 mm
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250
⇒ PS = 1+0.5011
⇒ PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN
⇒ PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250
⇒ PS = 1+0.5011
⇒ PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN
⇒ PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm
PS
σS = AS
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250
⇒ PS = 1+0.5011
⇒ PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN
⇒ PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm
PS
σS = AS
166.5×103
⇒ σS = 2200
Solution:
PC = 0.5011PS
115 mm
PC = 250 − PS
105 mm
⇒ 250 − PS = 0.5011PS
250
⇒ PS = 1+0.5011
⇒ PS = 166.5 kN 250 kN
⇒ PC = 83.5 kN
Now, find the stress in the steel: 175 mm
PS
σS = AS
166.5×103
⇒ σS = 2200
⇒ σS = 75.7 MPa
Statically Indeterminate Problems and Problems Involving Two Materials – p. 28/30
Problems Involving Two Materials
250 kN
175 mm
250 kN
175 mm
83.5×103
⇒ σC = 11025
250 kN
175 mm
83.5×103
⇒ σC = 11025
⇒ σC = 7.57 MPa 250 kN
175 mm
83.5×103
⇒ σC = 11025
⇒ σC = 7.57 MPa 250 kN
83.5×103
⇒ σC = 11025
⇒ σC = 7.57 MPa 250 kN
83.5×103
⇒ σC = 11025
⇒ σC = 7.57 MPa 250 kN
(83.5×103 )×175
⇒ δ = 11025×(20×103 )
83.5×103
⇒ σC = 11025
⇒ σC = 7.57 MPa 250 kN
(83.5×103 )×175
⇒ δ = 11025×(20×103 )
⇒ δ = 0.0663 mm
Created by Dave Morgan using LATEX 2ε and Prosper on January 26, 2006