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Wael-Gk Lecture 5 PDF
Wael-Gk Lecture 5 PDF
Lecture 5
Curvilinear motion: Normal, Tangential and Cylindrical Components
(Chapter 12, Sections 7 and 8)
Tuesday,
Jan. 29, 2013
Today’s Objectives:
1. [12.7] Determine the normal and tangential
components of velocity and acceleration of
a particle traveling along a curved path.
2. [12.8] Determine velocity and acceleration
components using cylindrical coordinates.
In-Class Activities:
• Applications
• Normal and Tangential Components of
Velocity and Acceleration
• Special Cases of Motion
• Example Problems
If the motorcycle starts from rest and increases its speed at a constant rate, how can
we determine its velocity and acceleration at the top of the hill?
How would you analyze the motorcycle's “flight” at the top of the hill?
When a particle moves along a curved path, it is sometimes convenient to describe its
motion using coordinates other than Cartesian. When the path of motion is known,
normal ( ) and tangential ( ) coordinates are often used.
Here defines the magnitude of the velocity (speed) and defines the direction of
the velocity vector. Again, the velocity acts only tangential to the path!
( )
= = = = +
= = =
2
= + = +
= or =
= +
→∞⇒ = =0⇒ = =
= =0⇒ = =
The normal component represents the time rate of change in the direction of
the velocity.
As before, & and & are the initial position and velocity of the particle at = 0.
1+
=
A third axis can be defined, called the binomial axis, (. The binomial unit vector, (, is
directed perpendicular to the osculating plane, and its sense is defined by the cross
product ( = × . (RIGHT HAND RULE FOR DIRECTION!)
. = .
0 0
Using the chain rule: =
Therefore: = 0 0 + 1 1 0 =
Where:
1 =
Thus, the velocity vector has two components: , called the
radial component, and , called the transverse component.
The speed of the particle at any given instant is the sum of the
squares of both components or:
= +
ME 012 Engineering Dynamics: Lecture 5
19
J. M. Meyers, Ph.D. (jmmeyers@uvm.edu)
12.8 Curvilinear motion: Cylindrical Components
POLAR COORDINATES - ACCELERATION
The instantaneous acceleration is defined as:
= = = 0 + 1
= 0 + 1 = 2−
Where:
1 = 2 −2
= 2− + 2 −2
.4 = 0 +3 5
Taking time derivatives and using the chain
rule:
Velocity:
4 = 0 + 1 +3 5
Acceleration:
4 = 2− 0 + 2 −2 1 + 32 5