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Lecture2 PDF
Lecture2 PDF
Lecture 2
Particulate emission control by mechanical
separation & wet gas scrubbing
PARTICULATE EMISSION CONTROL BY MECHANICAL SEPARATION
The basic mechanism of removing particulate matter from gas stream is classified as: 1)
gravitational settling 2) centrifugal impaction 3) inertial impaction 4) direct interception 5)
diffusion and 6) electrostatic precipitation.
Equipment presently available, which make use of one or more of the above mechanisms,
fall into the following five broad categories: 1) gravitational settling chambers 2) cyclone
separators 3) fabric filters 4) electrostatic precipitator
[A] Gravitational Settling Chambers
Gravitational settling chambers are generally used to remove large, abrasive particles
(usually >50 µm) from gas stream. It provides enlarged areas to minimize horizontal velocities
and allow time for the vertical velocity to carry the particle to the floor. The usual velocity
through settling chambers is between 0.5 to 2.5 m/s.
18 a Hvh
dp
gL
p a
(2.2.3)
All particles larger than dp will also be removed with 100% efficiency, while the
efficiency for smaller particles is the ratio of their settling velocities to the settling velocity of the
dp particle.
vi2
Fc M p (2.2.4)
R
Where, Fc=centrifugal force, N; Mp=particulate mass, Kg; vi equals particle velocity and
R equals radius of the cyclone, m/s. From this equation, it can be seen that the centrifugal force
on the particles, and thus the collection efficiency of the cyclone collector can be increased by
decreasing R. Large-diameter cyclone have good collection efficiencies for particles 40 to 50 µm
in diameter.
Advantage: Relatively inexpensive, simple to design and maintain; requires less floor area; low
to moderate pressure loss.
Disadvantage: Requires much head room; collection efficiency is low for smaller particles,
quite sensitive to variable dust loading and flow rates.
REFERENCES
[1] Rao, C. S. “Environmental Pollution Control Engineering”, 2nd Edition, New Age
International, New Delhi, 2006.
[2] Spellman, F. R. “The Science of Air Concepts and Applications” 2nd Edition, Taylor and
Francis (CRC Press), 2008.
[3] http://www.cpcb.nic.in/oldwebsite/New%20Item/chapter-15.html
[4] Theodore, L. ‘Electrostatic Precipitators’ in “Air Pollution Control Equipment
Calculations”, Wiley, 2008.
[5] http://www.teriin.org/envis/times1-1.pdf
[6] Jumah, R. Y., A. S. Mujumdar. “Handbook of Industrial Drying: Dryer Emission Control
Systems”, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2006.