VECTORS AND MATRICES
Which of the following is a vector and which one is a matrix
Definitions
Vectors and matrices: set of elements (array).
Matrix: two dimensional array.
Vector: one dimensional array.
Aren't they all matrices??
Creating vectors and matrices
Creating vectors and basic commands to deal with them
%Example - Write the following:
%%Row vector
row=[5 88 3 11] %Mind the spaces in between the values.
row=[5,88,3,11]% The spaces are replaced by comas
Each element has an assigned index:
If you want to refer to the element with the index No. 2
row(2)
Creating a subvector
sub1=row(2:4) %Sequential indexes
sub2=row([1 3 4]) %Non sequential indexes
Changing one value of a vector
sub1(2)=16
Expanding the vector
sub1(4)=22
sub1(6)=33 % It will fill the empty indexes with 0.
Creating a column vector
col=[11;22;33;44] % you need the semicolon
Vector of equally spaced elements
vec=1:5 % You can use the colon operator (:)
vec_step=1:2:10 %step=distance between the values.
vec_bigstep=1:3:5 %it will stop before the upper limit.
Decreasing vector
vec_dec=10:-2:1
%What happens if you write the following:
vec_dec=1:-2:10 %Empty vector, the lower limit is first.
Creating a column vector from a row vector: transpose
rowtrans = row'
Creating matrices and basic commands to deal with them
mat=[1 2 3;4 5 6] %the rows can be divided in semicolons.
Can you have different rows with different number of elements?
mat=[1 2 3
4 5 6] %The rows can be divided in lines.
Using the colon operator to create the rows
mat=[1:3;4:6]
Refering to the elements in a matrix (I need your help!)
mat(2,1) % Element in the row No. 2 and column 1.
mat(1:2,2:3) %Refering to a section of a matrix
mat(1,:) % Referng only to the first row
mat(:,3) %Refering only to the third column
Remember: Matlab counts from up to bottom and from left to right.
mat(1) %it will refer to the element of the first row, first column
mat(5) %it will refer to the element in the first row, column tree.
Redefining variables or elements in a matrix (I need your help!)
mat(2,2)=20 %it will change the element in (2,2)
mat(2,:)=[20 30 40] %it will change only the second row
Expanding the matrix
mat(4,:)=[20 30 40] % Adds the row No. 4 and fills the 3rd with zeros.
mat =
1 20 3
20 30 40
0 0 0
20 30 40
mat(:,5)= [20 30 40 50]' %Adds the row No. 4 and fills the 3rd with zeros.
mat =
1 20 3 0 20
20 30 40 0 30
0 0 0 0 40
20 30 40 0 50
Erasing rows and columns
mat(:,5)=[] % Eliminates column 5
mat =
1 20 3 0
20 30 40 0
0 0 0 0
20 30 40 0
mat([3,4],:)=[] %Eliminates rows 3 and 4
mat =
1 20 3 0
20 30 40 0
Calculations with matrices
%Create the following matrices
A=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
A =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
B=A'
B =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
Multiplication
B*A
ans =
66 78 90
78 93 108
90 108 126
Multiplication with vector
a=[4 9 1]
a =
4 9 1
a*B
ans =
25 67 109
B =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
A.*B
ans =
1 8 21
8 25 48
21 48 81
Addition and substraction
A+B
A-B
Division
A./B
B./A %The order matters
A.\B %Elementwise but dividing the elements from B by the one from A
Potencies
A^2 % Normal multiplication of matrices
A.^2 %Elementwise multiplication
Some functions to use with matrices
Z=zeros(3,2) %Matrix of zeros with 3 rows and 2 columns.
Z =
0 0
0 0
0 0
z=zeros(3,1) %Column vector of zeros
z =
0
0
0
Ones=ones(5,4) %Matrix of ones
Ones =
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
eye(4) %4x4 diagonal matrix
eye(2,4) %2x1 diagonal matrix
ans =
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
r=[1 2; 3 4]
r =
1 2
3 4
repmat(r,4,3) %Repeats the matrix (4 "rows" and 3 "columns")
ans =
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
rand(3,2) % random 3x2 matrix
ans =
0.8147 0.9134
0.9058 0.6324
0.1270 0.0975
randi(3,2) %matrix with values from 1 to 3 and of size 2x2.
randi([-5,5],4,5) %matrix with values from -5 to 5 and of size 4x5.
ans =
-2 -4 3 3 4
1 5 -4 5 5
5 5 -1 2 2
5 0 5 -5 3
linspace function: linspace(x,y,n) - vector of n elements within the range [x,y].
% Example
ls=linspace(3,15,5)
ls =
3 6 9 12 15
Hypermatrices:
One matrix of i x j dimensions and k "layers".
e.g. Grid Example master thesis.
% Example
AA(:,:,1)=[1 2 3; 4 5 6]
AA(:,:,2)=[2 3 4; 5 6 7]
%Example
AA(:,:,2)
