River Stages Features Formed Explain the Functions of the Features Draw a diagram of the feature Picturre of feature

Upper/Youthful V-Shaped Valley Formed by erosion, the sides of the river

are weakened and collapses the valley then
forms in a shape of a ‘v’.

Interlocking Spur As the river erodes the landscape in the

upper course it winds and bends to avoid
areas of hard rocks. This created
interlocking spurs.

Potholes Rounded or Circular hollows found at the

base of waterfalls. Potholes are formed by
the process of abrasion by the bouncing
,scraping and dragging of materials and
rocks along the river bed,

Waterfall and plunge Waterfalls are formed as a result of

pool differences in the hardness of the rock
strata along the course of the river. A band
of resistant rock is underlined by softer or
less resistant rock.The softer rocks are
eroded away faster resulting in a steeping
of the slope and the formation of rapids
.Further erosions eventually leads to the
formation of a waterfall. A Plunge pool is
formed when the face of the water erodes
the rocks already under the waterfalls.The
swirling action of the water and under
current all continue to produce the circular
shape of hollow.
Gorge The fallen rocks crash into the plunge pool.
They swirl around causing more erosion.
Overtime this process is repeated and the
waterfall moves upstream. A steep –sided
gorge is formed as the waterfall retreats

Rapids When a river flows through an area of

alternating bands of resistant rocks, the less
resistant rocks are eroded more quickly.
Therefore, the less resistant rocks are at a
lower level compared to the move of
resistant rocks. This results in the river
falling in a series of steps along the bands of
resistant rocks to form rapids.
River Stages Features Formed Explain the Functions of the Features Draw a diagram of the feature Picturre of feature
Middle/Maturity Meanders

River Cliff and Slip-Off

Slopes

Terraces

Oxbow lake

Ana-Branch
Gorge The fallen rocks crash into the plunge pool.
They swirl around causing more erosion.
Overtime this process is repeated and the
waterfall moves upstream. A steep –sided
gorge is formed as the waterfall retreats

Rapids When a river flows through an area of

alternating bands of resistant rocks, the
less resistant rocks are eroded more
quickly. Therefore, the less resistant rocks
are at a lower level compared to the move
of resistant rocks. This results in the river
falling in a series of steps along the bands
of resistant rocks to form rapids.