SEPTIC TANK

CONDITIONS IN CONSTRUCTING A SEPTIC TANK

1. The concrete or masonry septic tank is usually constructed in a rectangular

form.
2. The minimum inside dimension of a septic tank is 90 centimeters wide by
150 centimeters long.
3. For effective decomposition of the organic materials inside the septic tank, a
120 cm depth of the liquid content is necessary.
4. The inlet and outlet inverts of the septic tank shall be long turn sanitary tee.
5. The invert is extended down the liquid of the tank not more than 30
centimeters.
6. The bottom of the digestion chamber should be sloped to one low point.
7. the septic tank, should be provided with a manhole, extended a few cm
above the surface of the soil to overcome infiltration of surface water.
SEPTIC TANK
SIZE OF THE SEPTIC TANK

1. For a family of 6 persons, the minimum tank capacity should be

approximately 1.3 cubic meters with a minimum size of 90 cm wide by 150
cm long and 120 cm depth.

2. A very large tank is not advisable becuase the bacterial activities would be
retarded.

3. The residential installation,the practice is to allow 5 to 6 cubic feet of tank

volume per person.
SEPTIC TANK
TECHNICAL DATA IN DETERMINING VOLUME OF SEPTIC TANK

MINIMUM WIDTH 90 cm
MINIMUM LENGTH 150 cm
MINIMUM DEPTH 120 cm

• For the residential buildings to serve larger number of people, allocate of

liquid per person ---------- 0.14 to 0.17 cu.m.

• For the small residential house to serve up to 12 person, the chamber should
have a liquid content of not more than ---------------- 2.0 cu.m.

• For school, commercial and industrial establishments, the volume of the

septic tank should not be less than ----------------- 0.057 cu.m.
nor more than ---------------- 0.086 cu.m./per
SEPTIC TANK
SEPTIC TANK

EXAMPLE:

1. Determine the size of a septic tank to serve 200 persons in a commercial

establishment.
SEPTIC TANK

LOCATION OF SEPTIC TANK

• The septic tank may be located closer to the building it will serve, providing a
minimum distance of 2.00 m from the outside wall.

• As much as possible, the septic tank should not be located closer to the
doors or windows.

• Septic tank should be at least 15 metersmaway from any source of water

supply. the farther the better.
WASTE PIPE
WASTE PIPE is any pipe in a drainage installation that receives the
discharges of any fixtures except water closet and conveys the same
to the soil branch, soil pipe or house drain.

Pipe Installations that fails or break too soon, may have been due
to any of the folllowing causes:

 The use of too many fittings

 The use of wrong type of fittings

Recommendations

 Do not use short radius fittings on a vertical to horizontal directions or

horizontal to horizontal changes.
 Use long sweep fittings on horizontal changes
 For vertical to horizontal direction of changes, the Y and 45 degrees
fittings are most appropriate.
 WASTE PIPE
LOCATION OF CLEANOUT

Cleanout
is a receptacle of the plumbing system accessible on floor, walls
or ceiling.
The location of the cleanout must be indicated in the plan.
It should be sized equal to the diameter of the waste pipe, where it is to
be connected.
Cleanout must be readily accessible to the plumber in case of waste line
stoppage.
Right Slope or Grade of Waste Pipe

The ideal position of horizontal waste pipe, were those installed at 2%

slope.
The experiment s revealed that the Trap Seal Loss occurs when the
grade or slope of the pipe is inscreased from 2% to 4%
Trap Seal Loss -
means the loss or escape of standing water inside the p-trap.
 WASTE PIPE

Determining the Size of Waste Pipe

The waste pipe diameter shall be adequate enough to serve the

installation of fixtures in a general way, but the best way is to fit the
diameters of commercial pipe into the fixture pattern in the most efficient
manner.

Scouring
means to flush or wash out, to remove dirt or grease by flowing
through.
WASTE PIPE
THE UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE COMMITTEE'S FINDINGS ARE
ENUMERATED BRIEFLY AS FOLLOWS:

1. By increasing the size of the drainage pipe, does not guarantee effective
scouring action, or self-cleaning ability of the pipe.
2. Water flow inside a larger pipe is relatively shallow. The solid waste does
not flow on shallow water but tend to remain at the bottom of the pipe. This
is practically the most common cause of the many clogging problems of
drainage installation.
3. Drainage pipe must be of the right size to have a liquid flow of about 50%
of the pipe diameter. Meaning, that the flowing water inside the pipe must
have a depth equal to 1/2 the pipe diameter.
4. For instance, of the pipe is 100 mm diameter, the water flow inside the pipe
must have a depth of about 50mm to attain the scouring action. This is
where the 2% slope becomes effective.
5. On the other hand, too small pipeline is subject to overloading of flow. The
tendency is to create back pressure, siphonage, and floor flooding.
THE FIXTURE UNIT
KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT

Bathtub 2

Floor Drain 1

Kitchen Sink 2

Residential Sink 1.5

Lavatory or Wash Basin 1

Laundry tub 2

Shower bath 2

Slop Sink 3

Sink, hotel or public 2

Urinal 5

Water Closet 6

Combination fixture 3

One bathroom group consisting of water 8

closet, lavatory, bathtub and overhead
shower, lavatory and shower compartment
For every 15 square foot roof drain 1
 WASTE PIPE

One Fixture Unit

representing one cubic foot or 30 liters of waste discharged by the fixture
in one minute interval.
WASTE PIPE
Recommended Size of Waste Pipe

Sink Waste the minimum size of waste pipe for sink is 38

mm but because of the materials suspended
in it, the practice is to use 50 mm pipe.
Slop Sink floor - 75 or 100 mm wall - 50 mm
Scullary Sink 50 mm
Pantry Sink 38 mm
Factory wash up sink 50 mm
Bathtub 38 mm to 50 mm
Lavatories 50 mm
Shower Bath 50 mm
Urinal 50 mm
Laundry tub 38 mm to 50 mm
Drinking Fountain 32 mm
Lavatory Waste 50 mm
Hospital Fixtures 50 mm
WASTE PIPE

EXAMPLE:

1. Determine the size of a horizontal waste pipe to serve 3 urinals, 3

lavatories, 8 showers and 2 slop sinks.
2. Determine the size of a horizontal branch waste pipe for 1 lavatory, 1
residential sink, and 1 slop sink.
 SOIL PIPE
Soil Pipe

Any pipe that receives and conveys discharges of water closet, with or without the
discharges coming from other fixtures to the house drain or house sewer

Soil Stack soil pipe installed vertically

Soil Branch soil pipe installed horizontally

The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe provides:

1. That, at least one of the vertical stacks in the plumbing system must extend full
size through the roof for the following:
1. To ventilate and dispose off the sewer gas above the roof
2. To prevent siphoning of the water trap seal by force of suction.
3. To prevent the possibility of back pressure which may force the water seal
off the fixture trap.
2. Any structures with a house drain installed, must have at least one soil stack or
stack vent, extended full size above the roof of not less than 30 cm long and
should not be less than 75 mm diameter or the size of the drain whichever is
smaller.
3. As a general rule, vent stack must be extended and terminate through the roof
of the building. When the roof is to be used other than protection from the
elements of weather, the vent stack should be extended no less than 2.00 m
above the roof.
SOIL PIPE
THE PLUMBING CODE ON SOIL PIPE INSTALLATION PROVIDES THAT:

1. The soil pipe shall be properly concealed or embedded in columns, walls or

partitions, installed prior to the construction of the building
2. The entire installations in building such as the location of fixtures, thickness
of the partitions, location of doors and windows, drop ceiling, electrical layout
and outlets and their relations with each other shall be considered in the pre-
planning stages prior to the rough-in work.
3. The soil branch that will directly receive waste from water closet shall be
short and direct as practicable.
4. Soil pipe joints shall be tight and free from liquid or gas leak.
5. Soil pipe not embedded in concrete wall, columns or partitions shall be
anchored rigidly by means of metal hangers.
6. That changes from vertical to horizontal directions shall be done by using:
a. 1/4 bend
b. long sweep 1/4 bend
c. two 1/8 bend
d. combination of Y and 1/8 bend
Things to Remember:

“No water closet shall be discharge into a drain less than 75 mm or 3

inches pipe”

Not more than two water closets shall discharge into any 75 mm diameter
horizontal soil branch, house sewer or house drain.

Plumbing Code Committee issued a report that a 100 mm pipe could

effectively serve 840 fixture units coming from 140 water closets without
the danger of overloading.
 COMPOSITION OF PLUMBING PLAN:
1. LEGEND:
2. GENERAL NOTES:
3. WATER AND SANITARY PLAN:
4 ISOMETRIC PLUMBING PLAN:
5. SEPTIC TANK DETAILS: