You are on page 1of 3

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Avunduk C, 2008. Manual of Gastroenterology: Diagnosis and Therapy. 4th Ed. USA:

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p59-60.

2. Black JM., Hawk JH., 2010. Medical Surgical Nursing: Clinical Management for

Positive Outcomes. 8th Ed. USA: Elsevier. p623-624.

3. Blanquer J., Aspa J., Anzueto A., Ferrer M., Gallego M., Rajas O., Rello J., Castro de

FR., Torres A., 2011. SEPAR Guidelines for Nosocomial Pneumonia. Arch

Bronconeumol. Vol 47 No.10 : p510–520.

4. Cellis R., Torres A., Gatell J.M., Amela M., Roisin R.R., Vidal A.A., 1988. Nosokomial

Pneumonia a Multivariate Analysis of Risk and Prognosis. chestnet.org

5. Chastre J., Fagon JY., 2002. Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. American Journal of

Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 165: p867-903.

6. Darmadi., 2008. Infeksi Nosokomial: Problematika dan Pengendaliannya. Jakarta:

Salemba Medika. p4.

7. Davey P., 2006. Medicine at Glance. 2nd Ed. UK: Blackwell publishing. p184-186.

8. El Sohl AA., Bhora M., Pineda L., Dhillon R., 2005. Nosocomial Pneumonia In Elderly

Patients Following Cardiac Surgery. Respiratory Medicine (2006) 100, 729–736.

9. Ewig S., Torres A., 2004. Respiratory Management in Critical Care. Griffiths M.J.D.,

Evans T.W., editors. London: BMJ Publishing Group. p24.

10. Fishman A.P., Elias J.A., Fishman J.A., Grippi M.A., Senior R.M., Pack A.I., 2008.

Fishman’s Pulmonary Disease and Disorder. 4th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill Companies.

p2273.

11. Garner J.S., Jarvis W.R., Emori T.G., Horan T.C., Hughes J.M., 1996. CDC definitions

for nosocomial infections. In: Olmsted R.N., ed.: APIC Infection Control and Applied

Epidemiology: Principles and Practice. St. Louis: Mosby. p7.


12. Grossman R.R., 2009. ACCP Pulmonary Medicine Board Review. 25th ed. USA:

American College Of CHEST Physicians. p391.

13. Kate T., 2003. Nasogastric tubes may harbor pathogens. American. Society of health

system pharmacist. News article, 60: p1516.

14. Leibovitz A., Dan M., Zinger J., Carmeli Y., Habot B., Segal R., 2003. Pseudomonas

aeruginosa and the or pharyngeal ecosystem of tube fed patients. Emer. Infect. Dis., 9:

956-959.

15. Longo D., Fauci A., 2010. Harrison’s Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 17th Ed. USA:

McGrawHill Companies. p586-589.

16. Marik PE., 2001, 2001. Aspiration Pneumoniatis and Aspiration Pneumonia. N Engl J

Med, Vol. 344, No. 9. March 1, 2001. Massachusetts Medical Society: www.nejm.org.

17. Metheny N.A., Clouse R.E., Chang Y.H., Stewart B.J., Oliver D.A., Kollef M.H., 2006.

Tracheobranchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube fed patients:

frequency outcomes and risk factors. Crit. Care Med., 34: p1007-1005.

18. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI), 2003. Pneumonia Nosokomia Pedoman Diagnosis

dan Penatalaksanaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Indonesia. p6.

19. Segal R., Pogoreliuk I., Dan M., Baumoehl Y., Leibovitz A., 2006. Gastric Microbiota in

elderly patients fed via nasogastric tubes for prolonged periods. Journal of Hospital

Infection. 2006 March 3; 79-80.

20. Suryono B., 2004. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia : berdasar bukti klinik. Dalam:

Simposium on management of respiratory infection and ventilatory support in ICU.

Jakarta. p38-46.

21. Smeltzer SC., Bare B., 2008. Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical Surgical

Nursing. 10th Ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.


22. Sutedjo AY., 2006. Buku Saku Mengenal Penyakit Melalui Hasil Laboratorium.

Yogyakarta: Amara Books. p97.

23. Takano T., Sakamoto O., Suga M., Muranaka H., Ando M., 2002. Prognostic Factors Of

Nosocomial Pneumonia In General Wards: A Prospective Multivariate Analysis in Japan.

Respiratory Medicine. Vol.96 (2002) 18-23.

24. World Health Organization., 2002. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: A practical guide.

2nd Ed. Available from: URL: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications.

25. Ryadi ALS., Wijayanti T., 2011. Dasar-dasar Epidemiologi. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.

p64, p76.

26. Sopena N., Sabria M., 2005. Multicenter Study of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in Non-

ICU Patients. Chest. Vol 127, No. 1 : p213-219.

27. Wolkewitz M., Vonberg RP., Grundmann H., Beyersmann J., Gastmeier P., Barwolff S.,

Geffers C., Behnke M., H Ruden., Schumacher M., 2008. Risk Factors For The

Development Of Nosocomial Pneumonia And Mortality On Intensive Care Units:

Application Of Competing Risks Models. BioMed Central Ltd. Critical Care Vol 12 No

2 1-9.

You might also like