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In the present work of Thesis,were studied simultaneously the techniques of the Magnetic
Barkhausen Noise (MBN) and the Magneto Acoustic Emission (MAE), realized in probeta
obtained of different ferromagnetics materials, in order to be able to link the results of the
above mentioned techniques with the microstructural state of the same ones. This work
was developed in three stages.
In the first stage the magnetic anisotropy studied in the wrought steel A508 class II, used
for containers to pressure in nuclear power stations. The used probeta did not suffer any
process of irradiation and was protected as material witness.
For its microstructural and magnetic characterization, the following studies were realized:
chemical composition, metallurgical characterization, hardness, spectroscopy of scattering energy,
technical of Baumann's impression(printing) and analysis of texture. The material was studied with
the tecniques magneto acoustics of MBN and MAE. The analysis of these results allowed to
determine the connections between the magnetic anisotropy, the texture and the microstructure
of the material. The results suggest clearly that the address of the plastic flow was different from
the directionof forged indicated by the supplier of the material.
In the second stage there studied 5 groups of different samples of steels stainless ferrítics
AISI: 409, 430, 439, 441A and 444 provided with form of plates by AcerlorMittal, Brazil. In
a beginning, it was studied in a preliminary way the MBN and the MAE in the material in
original state. They present the results obtained with regard to the chemical,
microstructural composition and cristalographic texture. In the second part, they were
elected three of five steels, in agreement to its hardness from the softest even the hardest
(AISI: 409, 430 and 441A). By every plate probeta were obtained under the Standard,
cutted in the direction of lamination and others in perpendicular direction, for tests(essays)
of traction uniaxial. The probeta were mounted in a machine of traction in which it was
programmed for four percentages of deformation inside the zone of plastic deformation.
After every deformation there were realized the measurements of RMB and EMA, in order
to obtain a correlation with the applied stress and the magnetic situation of the material. In
addition the magnetic anisotropy of the manometers was studied, for every stage of
deformation. The study complemented itself with the microstructural analysis, of texture
cristalográfica and of the cycle of histéresis. The measurements in the different
percentages of deformation, indicated a monotonous diminishing dependence of the MAE
with the deformation, whereas the relation with the MBN is more complex enough.
In the third stage the steel was studied austenítico (not magnetic) by means of plastic
deformation the transformation being induced martensítica (magnetic). There were cut
manometers normalized in the direction(address) of lamination and transversely. These
manometers were tested in a hydraulic machine of traction uniaxial, with which(whom)
different loads(charges) were applied up to the break, the produced RMB being detected
at the same time. The study complemented itself with the microstructural analysis, of
texture cristalográfica and of the cycle of histéresis. The analyzed RMB was correlated by
the studies newly mentioned, and the new phase martensítica created by deformation. The
RMB I offer to us the possibility of detecting the beginning of the transformation
martensítica during the process of deformation. As well as also it(he,she) would allow to
carry out the estimation of the percentage of martensita created depending on the
deformation
Both the RMB and the EMA, they demonstrated to be adapted to improve the
microstructural characterization of the materials ferromagnetical and of the physical
involved phenomena.
Resumen
Palabras claves: Ruido Magnético Barkhausen, Emisión Magneto Acústica, aceros
inoxidables ferríticos, acero inoxidable austenítico, transformación de fase austenita-
martensita.