Scribd
Upload
158 views2 pages

Integral Formulas and Equations Guide

This document provides: 1. Common elementary integrals that should be memorized, such as integrals of sec(x), tan(x), etc. 2. A selection of more complicated integrals that make use of techniques like change of variables, integration by parts, and completing the square. 3. Formulas for integrals involving exponentials, logarithms, inverse trigonometric functions, and polynomials applied to exponentials.

Uploaded by

akku jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
158 views2 pages

Integral Formulas and Equations Guide

This document provides: 1. Common elementary integrals that should be memorized, such as integrals of sec(x), tan(x), etc. 2. A selection of more complicated integrals that make use of techniques like change of variables, integration by parts, and completing the square. 3. Formulas for integrals involving exponentials, logarithms, inverse trigonometric functions, and polynomials applied to exponentials.

Uploaded by

akku jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

TABLE OF INTEGRALS

1. Elementary integrals

All of these follow immediately from the table of derivatives. They should be memorized.
Z
sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
Z Z
cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx
Z Z Z
(f (x) + g(x)) dx = f (x) dx + g(x) dx
Z
c dx = cx + C
Z
xr+1
xr dx = +C (r 6= −1)
r+1
Z
1
dx = ln |x| + C
x
Z
ex dx = ex + C
Z
sin x dx = − cos x + C
Z
cos x dx = sin x + C
Z
1
dx = arctan x + C
x2 + 1
Z
1
√ dx = arcsin x + C
1 − x2
Z
tan x dx = − ln | cos x| + C = ln | sec x| + C
Z
cot x dx = ln | sin x| + C = − ln | csc x| + C
Z
sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
Z
1 1
sec3 x dx = sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x| + C
2 2
1
2

2. A selection of more complicated integrals

These begin with the two basic formulas, change of variables and integration by parts.
Z Z
0
f (g(x))g (x) dx = f (u) du where u = g(x), du = g 0 (x)dx (change of variables)
Z Z
dx
f (g(x)) dx = f (u) du where u = g(x) (different form of the same change of variables)
du
Z
1
ecx dx = ecx + C (c 6= 0)
c
Z
1 x
ax dx = a + C (for a > 0, a 6= 1)
ln a
Z
ln x dx = x ln x − x + C
Z
1 1 x
dx = arctan + C, a 6= 0
x2
+a 2 a a
Z
1 1 x−a
dx = ln +C, a 6= 0
x2 − a2 2a x+a
Z
1 x
√ dx = arcsin + C, a > 0
a2 − x2 a
Z √
1
√ dx = ln x + x ± a + C
2 2
x ±a
2 2
Z
1
To compute 2
dx we complete the square
x + bx + c
 2
b2 b2 b b2
x + bx + c = x + bx + + c −
2 2
= x+ +c−
4 4 2 4

If c − b2 /4 > 0, set it equal to a2 ; if < 0 equal to −a2 ; and if = 0 forget it. In any event you
b
will arrive after the change of variables u = x + at one of the three integrals
2
Z Z Z
1 1 1
du, du, du
2
u +a 2 u −a
2 2 u2
Z √ 
1 √ 2 √
x ± a dx =
2 2 x x ± a ± a ln x + x ± a + C
2 2 2 2
2
Z cx Z
ne n
n cx
x e dx = x − xn−1 ecx dx, c 6= 0. This is to be used repeatedly until you arrive at
c c
the case n = 0, which you can do easily.

You might also like