TABLE OF INTEGRALS

1. Elementary integrals

All of these follow immediately from the table of derivatives. They should be memorized.
Z
sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
Z Z
cf (x) dx = c f (x) dx
Z Z Z
(f (x) + g(x)) dx = f (x) dx + g(x) dx
Z
c dx = cx + C
Z
xr+1
xr dx = +C (r 6= −1)
r+1
Z
1
dx = ln |x| + C
x
Z
ex dx = ex + C
Z
sin x dx = − cos x + C
Z
cos x dx = sin x + C
Z
1
dx = arctan x + C
x2 + 1
Z
1
√ dx = arcsin x + C
1 − x2
Z
tan x dx = − ln | cos x| + C = ln | sec x| + C
Z
cot x dx = ln | sin x| + C = − ln | csc x| + C
Z
sec x dx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
Z
1 1
sec3 x dx = sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x| + C
2 2
1
2

2. A selection of more complicated integrals

These begin with the two basic formulas, change of variables and integration by parts.
Z Z
0
f (g(x))g (x) dx = f (u) du where u = g(x), du = g 0 (x)dx (change of variables)
Z Z
dx
f (g(x)) dx = f (u) du where u = g(x) (different form of the same change of variables)
du
Z
1
ecx dx = ecx + C (c 6= 0)
c
Z
1 x
ax dx = a + C (for a > 0, a 6= 1)
ln a
Z
ln x dx = x ln x − x + C
Z
1 1 x
dx = arctan + C, a 6= 0
x2
+a 2 a a
Z  
1 1  x−a 
dx = ln   +C, a 6= 0
x2 − a2 2a x+a
Z
1 x
√ dx = arcsin + C, a > 0
a2 − x2 a
Z  √ 
1  
√ dx = ln x + x ± a  + C
2 2
x ±a
2 2
Z
1
To compute 2
dx we complete the square
x + bx + c
 2
b2 b2 b b2
x + bx + c = x + bx + + c −
2 2
= x+ +c−
4 4 2 4

If c − b2 /4 > 0, set it equal to a2 ; if < 0 equal to −a2 ; and if = 0 forget it. In any event you
b
will arrive after the change of variables u = x + at one of the three integrals
2
Z Z Z
1 1 1
du, du, du
2
u +a 2 u −a
2 2 u2
Z √  
1 √ 2  √ 
x ± a dx =
2 2 x x ± a ± a ln  x + x ± a  + C
2 2 2 2
2
Z cx Z
ne n
n cx
x e dx = x − xn−1 ecx dx, c 6= 0. This is to be used repeatedly until you arrive at
c c
the case n = 0, which you can do easily.