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Integrals
Basic antiderivatives Integration rules
Powers ∫ Sum ∫ ∫ ∫
a dx = ax + C u + v dx = u dx + v dx
∫
x n+1 Difference
x n dx = +C
n +1 ∫ ∫ ∫
Exponentials u − v dx = u dx − v dx
∫
e x dx = e x + C . Product by a constant
∫ ∫
ax af (x ) dx = a f (x ) dx
a x dx = +C
ln(a)
Logarithms Parts ∫ ∫
∫ u dv = uv − v du
1
dx = ln |x | + C
x Substitution
∫ ∫
Trigonometrics f (u)u ′ dx = f (u) du
∫
sin(x ) dx = − cos(x ) + C
∫ Definite integrals
cos(x ) dx = sin(x ) + C
∫ Barrow’s rule
1
dx = tan(x ) + C ∫ b
cos(x )2 f (x ) dx = F (b) − F (a)
∫
a
tan(x ) dx = ln | sec(x )| + C ∫
∫ where F (x ) = f (x ) dx
sec(x ) dx = ln | sec(x ) + tan(x )| + C y f (x )
∫
csc(x ) dx = ln | csc(x ) − cot(x )| + C
∫
cot(x ) dx = ln | sin(x )| + C
∫ ∫ b
sec(x )2 dx = tan(x ) + C f (x ) dx
a
∫
csc(x )2 dx = − cot(x ) + C
∫ x
a b
sec(x ) tan(x ) dx = sec(x ) + C
∫ Properties ∫ a
csc(x ) cot(x ) dx = − csc(x ) + C
f (x ) dx = 0
a
Rationals e irrationals ∫ b ∫ a
∫ (x ) f (x ) dx = − f (x ) dx
dx
√ = sin−1 +C a b
a2 − x 2 a ∫ b ∫ c ∫ b
∫ (x ) f (x ) dx = f (x ) dx + f (x ) dx
dx 1 a a c
= tan−1 +C
2
a +x 2 a a where a < c < b.
∫ (x )
dx 1
√ = sec−1 +C
x x 2 − a2 a a
∫ x + a 
dx 1  
= ln  +C
a2 − x 2 2a x −a