Integral Involving Trigonometric Functions
Differentiation Formulas :
d du
Integration Formulas : ( sinu ) = cosu
dx dx
sinudu = − cosu + c d du
( cosu ) = − sinu
cosudu = sinu + c dx dx
d du
tanudu = − ln cosu + c = ln sec u + c ( tanu ) = sec 2 u
dx dx
cot udu = ln sinu + c d
( cot u ) = − csc 2 u
du
dx dx
sec udu = ln sec u + tanu + c d du
( sec u) = sec u tanu
csc udu = − ln csc u + cot u + c dx dx
d du
( csc u ) = − csc ucot u
dx dx
sec udu = tanu + c
2
csc udu = − cot u + c
2
sec u ( tanu) du = sec u + c
csc u ( cot u) du = −csc u + c
Example 1
sin ( 2x − 1) dx
u = 2x − 1
du = 2dx
du
dx =
2
du 1 1 1
= sin ( u ) = sin ( u )du = ( − cosu ) + c = − cos ( 2x − 1) + c
2 2 2 2
de − sin in − cos
d du
( sinu ) = cosu sin (u) du = − cos (u) + c
dx dx
d du
( cosu ) = − sinu cos (u) du = sin (u ) + c
dx dx
Example 2
sin x cos x dx
u = cos x
du = − sin xdx
du
dx =
− sin x
( cos x ) + c = − cos2 x + c
2
du u2
= sin x ( u ) = − udu = − + c = −
− sin x 2 2 2
Integral Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions
1 u
a 2 − u2
du = arcsin
a
+c
1 1 u
a2 + u2 du = a arctan a + c
1 1 u
u u2 − a2 du = a arc sec a + c
Differentiation Formulas of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
du
d
( arcsinu ) = dx2
dx 1− u
du
d
( arctanu ) = dx2
dx 1+ u
du
d
( arc sec u ) = dx
dx u u2 − 1
Example 1
1
x2 − 6x + 13 dx
by complet ing t he square, then the denominator becomes
2 2
MTC −6
LT = = =9
2 2
( )
x 2 − 6x + 13 = x 2 − 6x + 9 + 4 = ( x − 3 ) + 22
2
dx
( x − 3) 2
+ 22
du
1 u
u2 dx
+a 2
= arctan + c
a a
let u = x − 3 du = dx du / dx = 1 a=2
1 x −3
arctan +c
2 2
Exercises
1. tan ( 2x )dx
( )
2. sec x 2 x dx
x
csc
2
3. 2 dx
dx
4. 1 + 4x 2
dx
5. x 4x 4 − 1
dx
6. 9 − 4x 2