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    NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA He NERS A Ea Bea HE Code for Design of Concrete Structures HEBEL BR HL GB 50010 ~ 2002 GE Bi) Falted by; Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China Approved by: Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China Executing Date: April 12002 China Architecture & Building Press YR Ah chk wee 2002 Beijing, REM (CIP) A ie Lat ACTER CH) PIR Rea ete SEER Ze RE BE PRT. EARN, 2008 ISBY 7.112-06796.0, Lae I eae 2k eT IE RW TUTTO.465 SFIS ARTES CHP MC EY (2008) 98 098339 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, PEAR ERI EE Code for Design of Concrete Structures HERE LI LAE GB 50102002 GED) PAR oe A Se A TM TED ee RR eH a ze AEN BAS, Tar IODA VG DHE 23 RL: 550 TF 2008 LL ARE 2OON A—H Fost—so0 it er -960.-00 ISBN 7-112.06796.0 TU -60H3(12750) LT BIR ae eo WS a AAA «#805 100037) EID: up: //woschinaabp-com,en (LAIR hap // www chinauilding. com.cn NOTICE lish. ‘The Chi the event of any inconsistency between the Chinese text and the Engl The code is written in Chinese and ese text shall be taken as the raking ome in text Notice of Promulgation for the National Standard“ Code for Design of Concrete Structures” Document JB [2002] No.47 According to the requirements of, “Notice of Printing and Distributing for the 1997 Preparation and! Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Standards, Document JB [1997] NO. 108-the Ministry ‘of Construction", the” Code for Design of Conese Structures” has been revised by the Ministry of Con- struction together with the relevant departments, aller extensive consultation by relevant departments, hence the new code has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of GB S0010— 2002, which shall come into foree upon April 1, 2002. Herein, clauses 3.1.8, 3.2.1, 4.1.3, 4.0L, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 6.161, 9.2.1, 9.5.1, 10.9.3, 10.9.8, 1.1.2, Wd, 11.3.1, 11.3.6, 1.4.12 and 117-11 are mandatory causes, which mast be enforced strict “Cove for Design of Concrete Structures” ,GBJ 10—89 is superseded by the new code at Devermber 31, 2002. ‘The Ministry of Construc The former on isin charge of management and explanation of the mandatory clauses inthe ede, the China Academy of Building Research is responsible for the explanation of specie technical items and the Research Institute of Standants and Nomns,the Ministry of Construction has en- trusted the C cole ina Architectural & Building Press to take on publishing and distributing, works of this Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China Febmuary 20, 2002 Preface According to the requirements of Document JB[1997] No. 108-the Ministry of Constmetion, the former code was revised by the China Academy of Building Research together with the relevant institu- tions of higher leaming and seientific research, design enterprises etc In the period of revision, the code revision group launched various studies on topies, ear ried out wide-ranging, investigative analyses, summarized practical domestic experiences for design of concrete structures, coordinating with relevant standards and made necessary comparison with advanced international standands for reference. On the basis of above metioned measures, various ways were used by the code revision group to solicit comments from the anganizations concemed in the country, in adli- tion some trial designs were earried on by the revision group, in the meantime, the major issues in the code were elaborated and amended revised repeatedly, sad finally, the new version of eode was decids ced after examination. ‘The contents for main stipulations of the present code consist of: Basic design stipulations of con crete structures, Materials, Structural analyses, Caleulat ions, Detailing requirements of serviceability fant states, Rarthquake-resistant design of structural members and Relevan! appendixes ‘The main stipulation of the present code may be, i needed, revised in the future, she concemed information and contents of local revised clauses will be published on the Magazine of Engineering Construction Standardization Clauses marked with boldface type inthe ende are mandatory ones and must be enforeed strictly. In order to enhance the quality of the code, all relevant units are kindly requested fo sum up and accumulate their experiences from actual practices during tke process of implementing the code, and the relevant opinions and suggestians should be sent to the Managing Group of Cade for Design of Con- crete Structures, China Aeatlemy of Building Research, No. 30, Bei San Huan Dong Las, Beijing, China( Postcode: 1000133 Femail: code _ ibs _cabr@263.net.en). Chief Editorial Unit: the China Academy of Building Research Participating Units: Tsinghua University, Tianjin University, Chongqing Construction Engineering College, Hunan University, Dongnan University, Hehai University, Dalian University of Seience and Technology , Harbin University of Architecture, Xi"an University of Architectural Technology, Building Design Institute of the Capital Engincering Co.» Lid, China National Beijing Contracting & Fingineering Institute for Light In- dustry, Professional Design Insitute of the Railway Ministry, Planning and Design Institure of Water ‘Transport, Ministry of Communication, Northwest Chins Hydhoelecirie Design and Survey Insitute, and Prestressing Committee of the Metallurgical Material Industry Association Chief Drating Stats: Li Mingshun Xu Youlin of ultimate Jia states and checking eal~ inisiry of Construction, Beijing Municipal Building Design Institute, Beijing Bai Shaoliang Sun Huizhong Sha Zhiguo Wu Xuemin Hu Dexin Cheng Maokun Wang Zhendong, Wang, Zhenhua ‘Pwuang Yaping — Zw Long Zou Yinsheng Song Yu Di Xiaotan Wu Peigang how Di Jiang Weishan Kang Guyi Lan Zongjian Gan Cheng Xia Qili Reviser( English eition of cade) : Chen Dingwai, Professor, China Academy of Building Research, May, 2004, Beijing, China l 2 1 1 2 5.3 Ane eeavEwBUENee 6.1 6.2 7 7 1 e ; 7 iu ee 1 7 8 81 8.2 9 ot 9.2 93 Contents General Principles ‘Terms, Symbols Terms **~ Symbols Fundamental Den Stipulations General Stipulations 8 Siipulations for Caleuation of Ultimate Limit States “9 Stipulations for Checking Calculation of ServiceailtyL 10 Stipulations for Durability Materials -+++--> Conerete 15 Steel Reinforcements "7 Structural Analysis at Fundamental Princip “+ a Linear Elastic Analysis Method 2 Other Methods for Analysis B Requirements for Calculation of Prestressed Concrete Structural Members 25 General Stipulations sosceesenneennetne 25 Caleulaton of Values for Lass of Prestress 32 Calculation of Ultimate Limit States -~ Genera Stipulations for Calculation of Normal Section Load-bearing Capacity Caleulation of Normal Section Flexural Load-bearing Capacity. * Calculation of Nomnal Section Compressive Load-bearing Capacity a Caleulation of Normal Section Tensile Laad-bearing Capacity 35 Caleulation of Inclined Section Load-bearing, Capacity Calculation of Torsional Section Load-bearing Capacity Calculation of Punching Shear Load-bearing Capacity Caleulation of Local Compression Load-bearing Capacity Cherkinn, Calculation of Fatigue +78 ‘Checking Calculation of Serviceability Limit States 86 ‘Checking Calculation of Crack Control ++ z 86 Checking Caleulation for Deflection of Flexural Member B Stipulations for Detailing Regurements ” pansion Joint ; 97 Concrete Cover = 98 Anchorage of Steel Reinforcement 9 9.4 Connection of Steel Reinforcements 9.5. Minimum Ratio of Reinforcemem for Longitutinal Stressed Steel Reinforcements « 9.6 Stipulations for Detailing, Requirements of Prestressed Concrete Structural Members 10 Fundamental Stiptatons for Structural Members =~ 10.1 Slab ; eeeennsen 10.2 Beam 10 3 Column A Nodal Point of Ginter and Column 5 Wall 10.6 Superposed Flexural Member 7 . 8 9 Deep Flexural Member Corbel Embedded Parts and Hanging, Ring 10.10 Connection of Precast Structural Members ++ 11 Earthquake-resistant Design of Reinforced Concrete Structural Members it a — . 1.2 13 11.4 Column of Frame and Column of Braced Frame 5 . 6 7 General Stipulations Materials + ame Girder U.S Column of Hinged Bent =~ 11.6 Nodal Point and Embedded Parts for 11.7. Structural (Shear) Wall LL.B Prestressed Conerete Steustural Members Appendix A Calculation of Plain Concrete Structural Member Append B Nomi! Satie Area, Cala Sena Arc and Theosial Weg of Steel Reinforcements . : Appendix C-—Multi-axial Strength and Constitutive Relation of Concrete °--- Appendix D Loss of Prestress for Common Tendon $ Prestressed Steel Reinforcements Appendix EB Time-de Appendix F Calculation far Normal Section Load-bearing Capacity of pes of Post-tensioned. ident Loss of Prestess. ~ Random Section Merabers +196 Appendix G Design Value of Kquivalent Concentrated Reaction Used for Calcul Nodal Point of Stab and Cokumn, everest - 199 Explanation of Wording in This Code -~ 1 General Principles 1.0.1 The code was published in order to enforce national technical and economic policies for the design of concrete structures, and to ensure structures to be economical, reasonable, reliable, applica ble, with high quality and using advanced! technology. 1.0.2 The cade is applicable to the design of reinforced concrete, prestresed concrete and pl ‘concrete load-bearing structures used in industrial and civil buildings, as well as normally constructed structures, but itis not applicable to the design of lightweight aggregate concrete structures, or struc tures using, special concrete 1.0.3 In design of concrete structures, besides complying with the stipulations in the cole, the de- signers shall also conform to the stpuations in relevant current mandatory national standards. 2. Terms, Symbols 2.1 Terms 21.1 Concrete structures-The structures are mainly made by concrete, including plain concrete structure, reinforced conerete structure, and prestressed concrete structure ete 2.1.2 Plain concrete structure-The structure is made of the concrete without the steeseinforcements ‘oF not providing with the stressed stee] reinforcements 2.1.3. Reinforced concrete structure-The structure is made of the concrete and providing with the stressed ondinary steel reinforcements, steel reinforcement meshs oF steel reinforcement skeletons 2.1.4 Prestressed conerete structure-The structure is made of the conerete and providing with the will be through stretching or by other methods to establish stressed prestessing reinforcements» whi prestress 2.1.5 Pre-tensioned prestressed concreie structure-The concrete structure of which the conerete will be casted, after the stressed prestressing reinforcements have been stretched on stretching bed, then through the transmission of bond force between tendons and concrete to establish prestess 2.1.6 Post-tensioned prestressed concrete sinucture-The concrete structure of which the strength of concrete should be first reached the required stipulated requirements, then stretching the stressed pre= stressing reinforcements and anchoring on the structure to establish prestess 2.1.7 Castin-stu concrete structure-The concrete structure of which the formwork of concrete is i stalled in-situ and cast-in-situ the concrete integrally. 2.1.8 Prefabricated concrete structure-The concrete structure of which the structure is assembled by precasted conemte componeats or parts through the method of welding or bolting connection ete 2.1.9 Assembled monolithic concrete sructure-The monolithic conerete structure is assembled by precasted concrete components or parts, through the connections of steel reinforcements, connecting parts or applied prestressing force, and finally cast-in-stu the concrete 2.1.10 Frame structure-The load-bearing system structure is composed by ginders and columns con= necting them with rigid joint or hinged joint 2.1.11 Structural (shear) wall strcture-The structure is compased by structural wall (shear wall) to sustain the vertical and horizontal actions. 2.1.12 Frame-structural (shear) wall stricture-The structure of which the vertical and horizontal ac- tions are jointly sustained by frame and structural wall (shear wall) 2.1.13 Deep flexural member-It denotes the flexural member with span-depth ratio less than 5. 2.1.14 Deep beam -It denotes the single-span beam with span-depth ratio not greater than 2 and the rmulti-span beam with span-depth ratio not greater than 2.5 2.1.15 Ondinary steel bar -A general call for various non-prestressed sieel reinforcements which ane used in concrete structural members 2 2.1.16 Prestressing steel reinforcements-A general call for steel bars, steel wires, and strands which are used in the prestressed conerete structural members 2.1.17 Degree of eetabilty-It refers to the measurement for the probability of which the ability of a stnicture fulfils the expected functions within stipulated time-limit and stipulated conditions. 2.1.18 Safety claseThe classes of structures and structural members which are classified according to the degree of severity for the destructive consequences. 2.1.19 Design working life “The design stipulation for the ime-limit of working period of structures or structural members, which can serve for the expected purposes, have no need of heavy repairs 2.1.20 Loat-effect-The reactivity of the structures and structural members are induced by Jaacsy such as intemal forces, deformations and cracks ete. 2.1.21 Combination of load-effects-In the limit states design, it isthe stipulated combination for de sign values of various load effects occurred simultaneously, to ensure the reliability of the structures. 2.1.22 Fundamental combination-ft refers to the combination of permanent loads and variable loads in the caleulation of ultimate limit staes, 2.1.23 Characteristic combination- In the checking calculation of serviceability limit states, that the characteristic values and combination values of variable loads are used as the representative values of variable loads in combination. 2.1.24 Quasi-permanent combination-fn the checking calculation of serviceability limit states, that the quasi-permanent values of variable loads are used as the representative values ofthe variable loads in combination. 2.2. Symbols 2.2.1 Material properties E,—toadulus of elasticity of eoneretes E’——modulus of fatigue deformation of concrete; E,——~rodulus of elasticity of steel reinforcements; €20—strength grade of concrete with characteristic value of cube strength is 20N/mni: Pas —compressive strength of 150m side length concrete cube during period of eonstrue- tions Fou: —characterstic value of compressive strength of 150mm side length concrete cubes fa fe—characteristc value, design value of axial compressive strength of eonerete respec- tively: Safi —characterstic value, design value of axial tensile strength of conerete espectivelys Sa Fg —ehuracterstic values of axial compressive strength, axial tensile strength of concrete stuting period of construction respectively Spry —characteristic values of strength of ordinary steel reinforcements, prestressed steel reinforcements respectively Jy Fy —Hesign values of tensile strength, compressive strength of ordinary sted! reinforce 3 ments respectively Soy Sig design values of tensile strength compressive strength of prestressed steel reinlore- iments respectively 2.2.2 Actions, action-effects and load-bearing capacity N—design value of axial forces NisNy—values of axial forces calculated in aocordance with the characteristic combination, «quasi-permanent combination of load-ofects respestivelys Ny—resullant of forces of prestressed reinforcements and nonprestrssed reinforcements in post-tensioned membe resultant of forces of prestressed reinforcements and non-prestressed reinforcements, when wormal prestres in concrete is equal to zero; Nur -design value of sectional axial compressive or axial tensile load-bearing capacity of member; \Ny—design values of eocentic compressive or eccenvic tensile load-bearing capacity due to axial forees acting on the X-axis, Y-axis respectively: M—design value of bending, momen MyM, —hending moment values calculated in accordance with the characteristic combina- tion, the quasi-permanent combination of load effects respectively; M_—#esign value of normal section flexural load-bearing capacity of members M—eracking bending moment valve for normal section of flexural members T—design value of torsional moment: V—design value of shearing force: V.z—design value of shearing load-bearing capacity of conerete and stay in inclined section of members F—design value of local load or concentrated reactions 2.¢-Fq—nomnal stress of concrete al the extreme fiber of seetion for erack-resstance checking calculation, under the characteristic combination, the quasi-pemanent combination of load effects respectively: o_—normal sires in concrete due to prestessing forces principal tensile stress, principal compressive stees in concrete respetivel ow {an mia—Maximum stress, minimum stress of concrete on extreme fiber of section in tension ‘one oF compression zone of concrete used for fatigne checking calculation respec- lively: 74,04 —siress in longitudinal ordinary steel reinforcements. stress in prestressed steel rein= forcements in calculating load-bearing capacity of normal section respectively: ‘oa —stress or equivalent stress in longitudinal tensile steel reinforcement calculated in ae conlance with the characteristic combination of load-elfects: qi ——sterching controlled stress for presstressead steel reinforcements jess in prestressed steel reinforcement, the resultant of forces point of prestressed steel reinforcements where normal stress in conerete equals to 2e703 je —cellective prestress of prestressed steel reinforcement; 21.0} ——values for loss of prestress in prestressed steel reinforcements on tension zone, com- pression zone at corresponding stages respectively: r——shearing stress of concrete: eqqi-——maximum crack width calculated in aevordance with the characteristic combination of Toad-effects and in consideration of the influences for effects of long-term actions; 2.2.3 Geometric parameters 4 ,a’—istanee from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal tens ¢ see! reinforcements, point for resultant of forces of longituinal compressive steel reinforvements espee- Lively to near extrem fiber of sections 44, ,a—distance from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal nonprestresied tensile steel reinforcements. point for resultent of forces of longitudinal nonprestessed compres- to near extrem fiber of sections sive steel reinforcements respect distances from point for resultant of forces of longitudinal prestressed stee) reinforce- iments in tension zone, point for resultant of forces of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforcements width of rectangular section, web width of T-shaped, shaped section; be.b;—flange widths in tension zone. in compression zone respectively of T-shaped or I- compression zone respectively to near extreme fiber of section taped sections diameter of thickness of cuncrete covers cular section oF diameter of steel reinforcements: distances from acting point of axial force to point for resultant of foroes of longitudi nal tensile steel reinforcements, of longitudinal compressive steel reinforeerems spectivelys eo ——eeventrcity of axial force with respect to centioid of sections €,——athtiional eccentric initial eccentricity: h—alep of sections hy —ellective depth of sections hhyhi-—lange depth in tension zone, ange deptle ir compression zone of T-shaped or f shaped sections respectively; i——radius of gyration of sections 1.——rallins of curvatures 1, —anchorage length of longitudinal tensile steel reinforcements Jo—ealeulated span of beam, slab or calculated length of columns 5—spacing of transverse steel reinforcements. spacing of spiral steel reinforcements ot spacing of stimups in direction along axis of members depth of concrete compression zones ‘yo. yu—tlistances from centroid of transformeet section, centtoid of net scetion to calculated extreme fiber respectively: distance between point for sultant of forces for longitudinal tensile reinforcements and point for resultant of forees for conerete compression zones A——seetional area of members Ag——transformed sectional area of members A,——net sectional area of members Aj.Al——sectional area of longitudinal nonprestessed steel reinforcement in tension zone, in compression zone respectively -~—seetional area of longitudinal prestressed steel reinforcements in tension zones in ‘compression zone respectively As vAay——seetional area of single limb stirup in the shearing calculation, in the torsional eal- culation respeetivelys Aqy—seetional area of toal torsional longitudinal nongnestresed steel reinforcements used! for the torsional calculations Ay 9 1/30 1/400) Notes lo inthe Table isthe eluted span of members 2 Values in parentheses are appt for membres et which the deflections are stil required in applica tions 3. lf member is caer before its abistion. and when ts allowed daring its sevice stage, thi ember ‘ale shall be deh ram the calculated deliction vale ding checking ration with dhe allowable talue. As fir reseed concrete members the cambir caused hy pentesing may abo be deat 4 When eleating the limiting valve fr dection of caniever members is ealesatin lng ly tice tual length of contiever. 3.3.3. Grack control level for normal section of staetural members shall be divided into thnee levels in accordance with the following stipulations: Level 1—members, on which eracks are strietly prohibited, when the calculation is in accor dance with characteristic combination of load-elovts, that ce tense stress shall not e occured at ex treme tensile fiber of conerete structural member Level 2—members on which racks are generally prohibited, when the calculation is in accor dance with characteristic combination of lad-effects, that the tensile stress at extreme tensile fiber of concrete structural members shall not be greater than the characteristic value of axial tensile strength in concrete: when the calculation is in acconlance with quasi-permanent combination of load-eects, that the tensile stress at extreme tensile fiber of concrete structural members ay net be occurred. hut it ean be loosenea!, when the reliable experiences are available, Level 3—~members, on which cracks are allowed, when the calculation is in accordance with u characteristic combination and considering influence of lang-erm actions of laad-efeets that the maxi- mum erack width of structural members shall not exceed the stipulated Tint values of maximum erack ‘width given in the Table 3.3.4. 3.3.4 The different crack control levels and the Timit values of maximum crack width aig of ssrac~ tural members shall be adopted fram the Table 3.3.4 according tothe types of structures and the envi~ ronmental categories specified in the Table 3.4.1 ‘Table 3.3.4 Crack Control Levels snd Limit Values of Maximum Crack Width f | Rein comzetesttres Prete concrete srcties cures | Go cmd ct | weston) | Ga ont eh [tien ean ee oso | \ 02 7 | a cope | - | a 1 0.2 a ~ Note:1 The stipulation in the Tae ar applicable o enced concrete mendes sing ht rolled steel bars ad 3.4.1. The durabil 1o prestressed concrete mark sing estes tel wines, strand, fat tall see bars: when other \3pes of see wies or reisorements ae selected. the requirements of crack cool may be determined by pecific staan, Fora flexural member snled in an are with Yee emvirnnet where men anual eave hay is Jess than 96 the valve in paredhess may le used as its limit value of maximum crack widths Unde evel I envionment the Fini valve “0, 2men” of maximum crack with shal be adap for reine fired concrete rting ss, bracket, and crane girder wich reines checking cleuation of iene, sel “0.3nam’ shall be adopted for reinrced concrete mofing beam and bracket bens Unc level I envionment, the peestessd concrete mang beam bracket beam, ming tes, bracket roof bard, and foor lab, shall be checking calculated acconing to crack cor evel Mh: ter Seve 1 and If ervirorments, the fatigue of prestressed cancite crane gine shall be checking calculate ac- cong to crack contol levels "Te crack conta levels and the Hint valve of maximum crack with» tabulated for prestressed concrete structural menber, ae merely applicable to checking calculation of vnal section. ‘The checking caleulae ti for crack contro of inctnes setion shal confor tothe tiation inthe Chuple 8 ofthe eke For chimney, tube-shaped warehouse, and structural meter under liquid presse dhe erack cole quirements shal confi to relevant provisions of cures special eas “The crack control requirements of structural members sated in level Nand V emvirowcemty shall con fore to relevant poisons of eure special ce ‘Te init values of maximum crack within the Tale are wed for the checking caution of maximum cvick with coal, fom the aft, 3.4 Stipulations for Durability ty of conerte structures shall be designed in accordance with the vavironmental categories and design working life specified in the Table 3.4.1 n Table 3.4.1. Environmental categories for conerete structures Environmental eateries Conlin 1 Indoor normal enviwement Inde uid enviroeent; opens environmen’ af asevere collar rn-eok area, ermimement of divtly contacted with non-emmive water or sl 1 " + peers envirmmnent of severe cold of cold ara, environment of dell con tacted with noe-ersive water oF si : Eavisonment of applied ery removers envirwament of severe cold or cold area vith water level Ductuted in winter season; ast otdoor ensironment W ‘Sea water environment v Enviroment ofafeted by arifcial or natural eesive materials. Note:The clasifiaton of severe cold and cold areas shal! confem 10 the stipulations of mation cument statedard “Thermal desig specification for evil building” JG 24 3.4.2, In environmental categories I, Hand Ill, structural conerete with design working life as SO years shall conform to stipulations in Table 3.4.2. ‘Table3.4.2 fundamental requirements for durablity of structural concrete Min. coment | Lane chin | x lai Binal |e, voor] in | eameet | ema | mis canes iad amout (kg/ai) | of emercte (9) (ke/n?) I 065 ns | 10 Uinted i a 0. 20 as 03 3.0 "To 0.55 25 co 02 3.0 [ i) 0 co ou 3.0 Noses 1 Chlorine ion content refers to the yersentage of chlorine in cetnert corsanption amounts 2 Max-chlorion content and min, cement consungtion amount in prestressed concrete structural meer ane 0.06% and 200kg/1m" respectively: the lowest grade for stength of eoncre sll be increased by two rates canting to stipulations in the Tales 3 Min coment consunption amen n pin canrete member hall not be less than the values inthe Table smimas 25 ems 4 When setvatded admixture o ober atives, which can prolong dural Min, cement consumption amount could be reduced appropriately 5) When riliale engincering experince is avilable, the lowest grade for strength of eonercte in eniron= meatal categories and could be reduced by one goes (6 When mon-lkal activated aggregate is applied, there is mo limitation for the alkali content in canerete sade to concrete that the 3.4.3 In environmental categories |, structural concrete with design working life up to 100 years shall eonform to fallowing st 1 The lowest grade for stength of concrete in reinforced concrete structures and in prestressed concrete strcturs are C30 and CAD respectively; 2 Maximum chlorion- content in concrete is 0.069% : 3) This beter to se non-alkali at ated aggregate; whest alkali activated ageregate is applied, ‘max. alkali content in concrete is 3.Okg/m? 4 The thickness of concrete cover shall be increased by 40% accortng to the stipulation of the Table 9.2.1 of the codes when effective protective measures ate taken for concrete surface, the ness of concrete cover could be reduced appropriately. 5) Regular maintenance shall be performed curing the course of application. 3.4.4 In environmental categories Hand Ill, the special effective measures shall be taken for con- crete str es with design working life up to 100 years: 3.4.5 In humid environment of severe cold and cold area, structural conercte shall meet relevant re~ quirements for Greezing-resistant, and the freezing-resistant grade of concrete shall conform to the re quirements of relevant standards 3.4.6 For concrete structures requiring yenetration-rsistant, the penetration-esistant grade of cconerete shall conform to the requirements of relevant stands 3.4.7. For structural members in environmental categories Il, it is bettes to ase ribbed steel bars coated with epoxide-resin for stressed reinforcement; and the special protective mesures shall be taken for prestressed steel reinforcements, anchorage devices and connectors 3.4.8 The durbili shall conform to the stipulations of relevant standards requirements of concrete structures in environmental categories and V , ‘The durability requirements of concrete may not be considered for the temporary conerete struc tunes 4 4 Materials 4.1 Conerete 4.1.1 Concrete Strength grade shall he detemnined in accordance with the characteristic value of eube compressive strength obtained from standard tests on 150 mun side Tong cube specimen, which was fab- ricated and cured for a period of 28 days under standard conditions, and hus the compressive strength with «95% guarantee rate 4.1.2 Concrete strength grade of reinforced concrete structures shall not be less than C15; when the de HRB335 is use, concrete strength grade may not be less than C205 it shall not be less than (20 for members sustained the repetitive Toads and in cases using the steel bars of Grade HIRBA0O and Gratle RRBOO Comerete strength grade for prestressed concrete structures shall not be less th steel bar of| C30; concrete einforcements strength grade may not be les than C40 when strand, stel wires and heal-teatd steel ae ted as presteted sleet reinforcemett, Note: Inthe we of rountain sand conree o slag concrete shal ill bein eanpliance with sipu- lations of related special codes, 4.1.3. Characteristic values of concrete aial compression strength J, axial tension strength {a shall be adopted in accordance with the Table 4.1.3 respectively fable 41,3. Characerisie Valcs of Cnerete Strength (N/m) Tie ‘Gencreesrengthsrode srnth [C8] Gn] GS] Go [GR] Ge] cx can] cs | | Co ow] Ge ee Ju 1.27 1.54, 1.78 2.01) 2.20) 2.39) 2.51 2.64) 2.76 2.88) 2.95] 2.99 | 3.08 3.11 4.1.4 Design values of conerete axial compression strength f., axial tensi be adopted in accordance with the Table 4.1.4 respectively. Table 4.1.4 Design Values of Concrete Strength(\/mn?) Type of | Concrete strength grade strengn | G8 | Go| Gs | Guy Gs | Gao | cas | cx | css | cw | cas | Go| Gs “fe, 7.1 9,6 [11.9] 14.31 16.7 19.1 [21.4 52.7.8 8 fi inl ee ae 1.43 | 1.57 | 1.71 | 1.80 | 1.89 1.96 | 2.04! 2.09 | 2.14) 2.35 | 2.22 [Note:1 When calling axial compression and eccentric compression members of as-n-situ reinforced cemerete, the design values of concrete strength in this Table shall be nmiplid by a factor of (0.8, i the long side or the diameter ofthe section i ess than 30m; this restriction maybe dis regarded when the quality of the member (inching the molding of concrete, dimensions of the section and ans, ete.) cam be guaranteed. 2 Design values of central Fabricated conerete strength shall be taken in secordance with related special standards. strength f shall 15 4.1.5 The modulus of elasticity of concrete £, in compression or in tension shall be adopted in ac- ccondance with the Table 4.1.5 Table 4. Modus of eat of conaree (x 10N/m?) |. strength | as 20} CS | CO) C35 | CHM) C45) CSB) C55 | C60 0s | 70 cis | C80 oe | | | [aa] ass] 200]. 15] 3.53.8) 308] 935[3./ 56 |3.m0[378| 3am Ee 4.1.6 The design values of concrete axial compression fatigue strength J axial tension fatigue strength f{ shall be determined by multiplying the design value of concrete strength tabulated in ‘Table 4.1.4 with a comesponding modified factor of fatigue strength 7, respectively. Depending on various ratios of fatigue stress o{, that the modified factor Y, shall be adopted from the Table 4.1.6. ‘The ratios fr fatigue steess of concrete p shall be calculated according tothe following exuation: pl = Sen (4.1.6) Where, / ains fmac—miinintum stress and maximum stress of concrete a the same fiber of section during checking calculation on fatigue of members respectively. “Table 41.6 Modified factor of Concrete Fatigue Strength eh eis0.2 o2ep<0.3 | odepi

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