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Install and Configure PHP - The Official Microsoft IIS Site PDF
Install and Configure PHP - The Official Microsoft IIS Site PDF
Introduction
The fastest and easiest way to install PHP on Internet Information Services ﴾IIS﴿ is by using the
Microsoft® Web Platform Installer ﴾Web PI﴿. Web PI completely automates setting up IIS, FastCGI, and the
latest version of PHP from the php.net Web site. With Web PI, you can navigate to the “Web Platform” tab
and select “PHP” under “Framework and Runtimes” customize link. Alternately, use the instructions that follow
as guidance for installing PHP with Windows® Installer or using a compressed ﴾Zip﴿ file installation.
There are two builds for each PHP version: one is thread‐safe, and one is not ﴾referred to as the non‐thread‐
safe [NTS] version﴿. The thread‐safe version is designed for environments where the Web server core can
keep the PHP engine in memory, running multiple treads of execution for different Web requests
simultaneously. The architecture of IIS and the FastCGI extension provide an isolation model that keeps
requests separate, removing the need for a thread‐safe version. The NTS version does not have any of the
code that allows PHP to manage multiple threads. As a result, there is a performance improvement on IIS
when using the NTS version when compared to the tread‐safe version because the NTS version avoids
unnecessary thread‐safety checks ﴾FastCGI ensures a single‐threaded execution environment﴿.
Install PHP
There are two main ways to install PHP on a Windows®‐based computer: download the Windows Installer or
use the Windows Zip file from the PHP Web site. Either method will get PHP working, but both have some
extra steps that are needed to make PHP work well.
Windows Installer
The Windows Installer version can get a complete PHP environment up and running, but the installation of
extensions can be confusing. By default, no extensions are installed, and this can adversely affect the
usefulness of the PHP installation. Alternately, all of the extensions can be installed; this results in an unstable
system because some of the extensions can conflict with others. It is generally easier to use the Zip file
installation.
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Above. The Zip file installation installs many of the extensions that are available for the Windows Installer
version; however, none of the extensions are enabled until their entries in the Php.ini file are set up.
1. Download the latest non‐thread‐safe Zip file package with binaries of PHP. Under Windows Binaries, click
on the most current PHP non‐thread‐safe Zip package to download the PHP files.
2. Unpack the files to a directory of your choice ﴾for example, C:\PHP﴿ on your IIS server.
4. Open the Php.ini file in a text editor, then uncomment and modify settings as follows:
a. Set fastcgi.impersonate = 1.
FastCGI under IIS supports the ability to impersonate security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS to
define the security context that the request runs under.
b. Set cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
The cgi.fix_pathinfo provides PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for Common Gateway Interface ﴾CGI﴿.
Setting this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the specification.
c. Set cgi.force_redirect = 0.
d. Set open_basedir to point to a folder or network path where the content of the Web site﴾s﴿ is located.
e. Set extension_dir to point to a location where PHP extensions reside. For PHP 5.2.X, this is
typically extension_dir = "./ext" .
f. Set error_log=”C:php_errors.log”
This can help with troubleshooting.
g. Enable the required PHP extension by un‐commenting corresponding lines. More information follows in
the section, Extensions.
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5. Click on Start, Settings, Control Panel, and then double‐click on the System icon ﴾using the class view﴿.
7. From the System Properties window, click on the Advanced tab, and then click on theEnvironment
Variables button at the bottom.
8. Select the Path variable from the System Variables section, and then click on Edit. Add: c:\php to your
system path.
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10. Start IIS Manager by clicking on Start, Programs, Administrative Tools, and then Internet Information
Services ﴾IIS﴿ Manager.
11. From the IIS Manager, click on the hostname of your server in the Connections panel on the left.
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13. From the Handler Mappings Actions panel, click on Add Module Mapping.
14. Type the following information into the appropriate text boxes, and then click OK.
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Module: FastCGImodule
Executable: C:\php\php‐cgi.exe
Name: FastCGI
16. In the left panel, click on your server’s hostname, and then double‐click on the Default Document icon.
18. Enter index.php as the new default document name, and then click OK.
19. Enter default.php as the new default document name, and then click OK.
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22. Create a new text document, and save it as c:\inetpub\wwwroot\phpinfo.php with the following content:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
23. You should now see the PHP information page at http://localhost/phpinfo.php.
Extensions
It is important to determine which extensions are needed by the applications that will be running and then to
limit the installed extensions to only those. For a typical open‐source application installation, for example, the
following extensions are installed:
Database Extensions—Most open‐source applications that use MySQL for a database engine use either
the php_mysql or the php_mysqli extensions. For new development work, either of these extensions
work well, or consider using the PDO versions of the MySQL driver ﴾PDO is a PHP extension providing a
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data‐access abstraction layer that can be used with a variety of databases﴿; this extra layer of
abstraction provides a richer set of object database functionality and controls. If Microsoft® SQL
Server® ﴾or an express version, such as Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 Express or Microsoft® SQL
Server® 2005 Express Edition﴿ is the database engine, use the php_mssql extension for open‐source
applications. For new development work, use the PDO version of the SQL driver.
Image Handling Extensions—Many of the open‐source applications that enable work with images
make use of the GD2 extension – php_gd2, which has a number of good basic image manipulation
application programming interfaces ﴾APIs﴿. Some applications use theImageMagick application and
libraries. There is also a php_exif library for working with the extended information that modern digital
cameras store within the images.
Internationalization and Localization Extensions—The two most commonly used extensions for i18n
and l10n are php_mbstring ﴾Multi‐Byte String﴿ and php_gettext ﴾Native Language Support﴿. Many of
the open‐source applications use one or both of these.
Web Services Extensions—Choose the Web services extensions based on the services desired. For PHP,
the SOAP extension is widely used. The XML‐RPC extension is often used in conjunction with SOAP and
other services.
The Php.ini file provides PHP with configuration and environmental information. Below are a number of
settings for the Php.ini file that help PHP work better with Windows.
REQUIRED SETTINGS:
extension = xxxxxx.dll
For each extension enabled, a corresponding extension= directive that tells PHP which extensions in
the extension_dir to load at startup time is necessary.
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log_errors=On
PHP errors can also go through the PHP error logging facility. This can be used to send errors to a file
or to a service ﴾for example, syslog﴿ and works with the error_log directive described below. When
running under IIS, log_errors must be enabled with a valid error_log. Otherwise, FastCGI considers any
startup messages ﴾which may be benign﴿ as an error condition, which generates an HTTP 500 return
error code to the browser.
error_log=<path_to_error_log_file”
The error_log needs to specify the fully qualified, or relative, path to the file where the PHP error log is
stored. This file needs to be writable for the IIS service. The most common places for this file are in
various temporary directories ﴾for example, C:\inetpub\temp\php‐errors.log﴿. That puts the log in a
place that IIS can use, and also keeps the log close to where PHP applications are running.
cgi.force_redirect = 0
This directive is required for running under IIS. It is a directory security facility required by many other
Web servers; however, enabling it under IIS will cause the PHP engine to fail on Windows.
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1
This lets PHP access real path info following the CGI specification. The IIS FastCGI implementation
needs this extension set.
fastcgi.impersonate = 1
FastCGI under IIS supports the ability to impersonate security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS
to define the security context that the request runs under.
fastcgi.logging = 0
FastCGI logging should be disabled on IIS. If it is left enabled, then any messages of any class are
treated by FastCGI as error conditions, which will cause IIS to generate an HTTP 500 exception.
OPTIONAL SETTINGS:
max_execution_time=##
This directive sets the maximum amount of time that can be taken executing any given script. The
default is 30 seconds. Some applications need more time to process batch operations ﴾for example,
Gallery2 loading multiple images from a remote location﴿. However, setting the execution time higher
than 300 seconds is not advised because there are often other parts of the connection that cannot
support such a long execution time.
memory_limit=###M
The amount of memory available for the PHP process ﴾in MB﴿. The default is 128 MB, which is
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display_errors=Off
This directive determines whether to include any error messages in the stream that it returns to the
Web server. If turned on, PHP will send the classes of errors that are defined with
theerror_reporting directive back to IIS as part of the error stream. Many of the open‐source
applications bypass error reporting by executing commands prefaced with @. This allows the
applications to control error handling.
Mail functions
PHP is configured by default to send outbound mail through an SMTP server located on the same
system as the Web server. Note that most Windows installations usually have the Web and mail servers
on separate systems.
1. In Windows® Explorer, create the session subdirectory in the PHP installation directory.
4. Click Add, and enter IIS_IUSRS for Enter the object names to select.
5. Click OK.
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8. Open php.ini in the PHP installation directory, and set the session.save_path setting to
thesession subdirectory:
session.save_path = "C:\php\session"
12. Type iisreset at the command prompt, and then press the ENTER key.
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Note that PHP uses file‐based session state by default. You can modify a number of additional session
settings, including whether cookie or URL sessions should be used, and whether sessions are created on the
first request or need to be explicitly created.
13. Test the session state by using Windows Explorer, navigate to C:\inetpub\wwwroot.
<?php
session_start();
$counter = isset($_SESSION['counter']) ? $_SESSION['counter'] : 0;
$counter++;
print "You have visited this page $counter times during this session";
$_SESSION['counter'] = $counter;
?>
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