Porter, Rob, and Michael A. Tarrant.

"A Case Study of Environmental Justice and Federal

Tourism Sites in Southern Appalachia: A GIS application." ​Journal of Travel Research ​40,
no. 1 (2001): 27-40.

Published Abstract:
This article uses an environmental justice framework to determine whether inequalities exist for
certain socioeconomic and racial groups with respect to the distribution of federal tourism sites
in Southern Appalachia (SA). Federal tourism sites and campsites were mapped along with the
census block groups (CBGs) using geographic information systems. CBGs within a 1,500-meter
radius of these federal lands were identified and examined based on five socioeconomic
variables (race, education, household income, occupation, and local heritage). These CBGs were
then compared with the remaining CBGs in SA that were outside the 1,500-meter radius. Results
show that a negative relationship exists between income and occupation and location of a
number of federal tourist sites. CBGs with a low-income, blue-collar makeup were significantly
more likely to be situated within the 1,500-meter radius than outside. Additional study should
determine the desirability of tourism-based land use with respect to factors such as urban sprawl,
noise, and pollution.

Their Keywords:

Our Notes:
This article looks at the environmental justice as it relates to tourism in the Southern
Appalachians. “The results of our study back previous research, which suggests that
environmental injustice exists with respect to income and job quality surrounding tourist areas.”
(37) Tourism and outdoor recreation does little to increase incomes of the surrounding area.
Industry surrounding tourism, motels, second homes, specialty stores, increase land prices
making low-income housing less accessible.

Our Keywords:
Distribution of Benefits, Tourism, Insiders/Outsiders, Displacement, Environmental Justice

Wunderlich, Gene. "Land Ownership in Appalachia: The Limits of Public Interest

Research." Appalachian Journal 11, no. 4 (1984): 432-436.

No published abstract

Our Notes:
This article is listed as a research article but often reads like a book review of “Who Owns
Appalachia: land ownership and its impact” it offers some interesting critiques like suggesting
that the study fails to distinguish between concentration and absenteeism. It also provides some
interesting insights regarding the taxation of the land as being a major issue, pointing out that the
low taxation of the land causes more issues like poorly funded schools and other resources. He
makes a very brief point but one worth noting that has not been addressed by other articles
discussing the study stating black landowners were particularly vulnerable to corporations
buying up land in the region.

Our Keywords:
Absentee Land Ownership, Taxation, Displacement,

Coalition, Castle. "State Report Card: Tracking Eminent Domain Reform Legislation since
Kelo." June (available at: http://www. castlecoalition. org) (50).

No published abstract.

Our Notes:
This is just website resource but it provides excellent information regarding eminent domain law
per state and offers information on how eminent domain is being reformed. It is not academic but
provided necessary perspective in understanding how eminent domain works in Appalachia and
comparatively to the rest of the United States.

Our Keywords:
Displacement, Eminent Domain, Tenure

Mittlefehldt, Sarah. "The People's Path: Conflict and Cooperation in the Acquisition of the
Appalachian Trail." Environmental History 15, no. 4 (2010): 643-669.

Published Abstract:
When Congress passed the National Trails Act of 1968, the Appalachian Trail shifted from
being a regional grassroots endeavor to being part of the national park system. As the National
Park Service began to acquire land for the corridor, private citizens who once maintained the trail
through informal handshake agreements became directly involved in one of the most complex
federal land acquisition programs in U.S. history. Local communities responded to the unusual
public private partnership in a variety of ways?from cooperation to contestation. This analysis
reveals the relational, complex, and fluid nature of the categories of "public" and "private" and
demonstrates how a dynamic interplay of power and authority between different interests blazed
the way for the kinds of public-private partnerships that have come to characterize twenty-first
century environmental policy.

Their Keywords:
Trails​, Hiking trails, Landowners, National parks,Land conservation, Nature trails, Public
land,Volunteerism, Private land, Environmental history

Our Notes:
This article follows the long and what the author refers to as “tortuous” road in acquiring lands to
build the Appalachian Trail. “An analysis of how the categories "private" and "public" were
employed during the construction of the Appalachian Trail offers a complex view of the
relationship between the centralized state and decentralized citizen actor.” (663) Many of the
decentralized citizen actors would consider the loss of their land for the trail an abuse of eminent
domain.

Our Keywords:
Eminent Domain, Displacement, Insiders/Outsiders

Moriarty, Marilyn. "The Taking of Dead Horse Hollow: Eminent Domain Abuse." The
Antioch Review 71, no. 2 (2013): 208-222.

No published abstract
Their Keywords:

Our Notes:
This is in fact a creative nonfiction essay, cataloguing Edd Jenning’s fight against a succession of
eminent domain acquisitions of his land that has generationally belonged to his family. It
personalizes the experience of eminent domain abuse in a manner that humanizes the legal battle.
For our purposes it rounds out a lot of the statistical data on eminent domain and offers a counter
perspective to other articles that fix the use of eminent domain as a necessary evil for
conservation and infrastructure.

Our Keywords:
Eminent Domain, Displacement,