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Intelligent Traffic Management System With Image Processing
Intelligent Traffic Management System With Image Processing
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of the
Information and Communications Technology Program
STI College Lipa
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
ENDORSED BY:
NOTED BY:
Noted:
Page
Title Page i
Endorsement Form for Proposal Defense ii
Approval Sheet iii
Table of Contents iv
Introduction 1
Background of the problem 1-3
Overview of the current state of technology 3-76
Objectives of the study 7-98
Scope and limitations of the study 9-10-12 Formatted: Indent: Left: 0"
Literature Review
Review of related literature, studies or systems 131-
175
Synthesis 175-
196
Project Management
Methodology 197-
218
Hardware/Software 218-
251
Calendar of Activities 2622-
24
Budgetary Estimate 275
Human Resources 286-
320
References
References 33-352
The Our ability to move about our neighbourhood, our city and between cities has been
taken for granted for years. Transportation mobility affects the our ability to do jobs, the
our quality of life and the economic productivity of the our country. Increasingly,
however, our mobility is jeopardized by congestion. Congestion impact everything we
do, from going to work, picking up kids at school, grocery shopping, or delivering
products to store for our consumption. Congestion is part of daily life for millions of
people.
Traffic congestion is a condition on transport networks that occurs as use increases, and
is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. The
most common example is the physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is
great enough, the interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, thus
results in some congestion. As demand approaches the capacity of a road (or of the
intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets in. When vehicles are fully
stopped for periods of time, this is well known as a traffic jam or traffic snarl-up.
[WIKI2016]
Traffic congestion occurs when a volume of traffic generates demand for space than the
available street capacity. Traffic flow is often affected by signals or other events at
junctions that periodically affect the smooth flow of traffic. [IS2017]
Background of the problem
Traffic congestion has become a nightmare in the Philippines, specifically in Lipa City,
Batangas. No one of any age, race, nationality, social status, and religion can escape the
wrath of congested roads due to the population of vehicles. Based on Waze conducted
survey traffic congestion has been recognized as one of the primary problems of the
country which makes the Philippine as one of the top ten worst traffic congested country.
With about 332, 386 people living in Lipa City based on the data gathered from
Philippine Statistic Authority Lipa City Division, traffic congestion is undoubtedly
inevitable. [WAZE2015]
As citizens who are affected by this, it is a right to pose the question as to what causes
this to happen. One of the causes as to why Lipa City is jam packed on a daily basis is the
absence of advanced and effective traffic monitoring. Lipa City is still current
implementing manual traffic management by the help of Traffic Management Officers
and other authorities. . The only means of monitoring and knowing of traffic congestion
occurrences is when Traffic Management Officer is deployed on both intersections
through radio devices as means of communication. During this manual traffic flow
operation the decision is be based on the Traffic Officers deployed which is not accurate,
they will only prioritize what lane they wanted to. And with the researchers observations,
when a Traffic Management Officer is unattended the decision of traffic flow is based on
the drivers. This causes uneven traffic congestions.
In addition based on the researchers surveys from the bus, jeep, tricycle and other private
vehicles drivers and commuters they agree that Lipa City is an entry point and exit point
to and from areas such as Calamba Crossing, Quezon Provinces, Batangas City Proper
and Manila through Calabarzon Expressway, Jose P. Laurel Highway and Lipa-Garcia
Highway thus claiming the idea that Lipa City is a hotspot of traffic congestion.
Lipa City also is the central place where most people, especially those from the
provinces, go to work to support their family in achieving a comfortable life. Because
many people are going to Lipa City for their jobs, this causes the increase of vehicle
population in the already crowded city. Most of these people prefer the use of vehicles to
get to their destination every day. The increase of vehicle population in the roads of Lipa
City especially in an intersection with manual operation and insufficient effective
monitoring results to traffic congestions.
Based on the problem stated and gathered information from proponent’s research, survey
and interviews, the researchers decided to establish “Advanced Intelligence Traffic
Management System” that will improved the current manual traffic monitoring system.
In recent years, traffic congestion has become a significant problem. The simplest
solution is to lay more lanes to reduce traffic density, reconstructions and implanting
colour coding, but this simplest solution is not a feasible solution on account of time, cost
and efficient utilization of the infrastructure.
As the problem of urban traffic congestion spreads, there is a pressing need for the
introduction of advanced technology and equipment to improve the state-of-the-art of
traffic management. The best way for managing traffic congestion is to use a traffic light
Traffic Monitoring cannot be accomplished without traffic data collection. Traffic data is
essential for determining better traffic management and providing valuable information to
drivers and several traffic organizations. Especially to tackle traffic congestion, traffic
data is needed to understand traffic patterns, and to come up with proper solutions for
congestion reduction. Here in Lipa City, many authorities are involved with the
management of traffic, such as Traffic Management Division, Task Force, Local Disaster
Risk Reduction Management Office authorities under City Public Order and Safety and
in recent years, only the Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office has installed
a Comprehensive Monitoring System (CMS) with the purpose of monitoring disasters
such as accidents throughout a portion in Lipa City proper, but in order to monitor traffic
there is no such system existing. Under the management of Traffic Management Division
as the researchers have interviewed and researched the only means of monitoring is just a
manual traffic monitoring through by which any traffic management officers deployed in
such areas making known the situation of traffic to other traffic management officers
through radios as means of communication and another is to request from Local Disaster
Risk Reduction Management Office which is from a different office. The Local Disaster
Risk Reduction Management Office is made up Twenty-one employees only; five of
them were assigned into monitoring with five hours shifting. And the only means of
communicating as stated by the OIC admin of City Public Order and Safety is through by
radios. The monitoring system of Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office
have of Forty and above Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) camera installed at areas in
Lipa City and Lipa City Proper. The control centre is located inside the municipal
compound. The cameras are capable only of providing accident image and traffic image
by the help of an operator. All the cameras are linked to the Central Control, where the
data are monitored and analysed. Although different implementation and emphasis are
implemented by the CPOS, still in manual traffic monitoring the individual capacity
through the eyes to monitor traffic is very limited. Also most Traffic Management
Officers and Personnel are older, they may be experienced but their capacity to
memorize, recognize and accuracy is questionable. Thus handling traffic flow in
Pedestrian lanes are the allocated places where people can cross safely in a busy road.
More pedestrian accidents happen in an improper road crossing. In Lipa City although
there is a lot of pedestrian crossing and over passes more people do not care to cross road
in proper crossing and over passes. This because it is a long way to the point they are
going to, another reason is that they do not bothered to walk far to cross in the right
pedestrian lanes because still vehicles couldn’t just stop in those pedestrian lanes or even
just slow down to give way to the pedestrians when in fact, according to what
Presidential Decree 1958, pedestrian lanes “oblige motorists to give way to pedestrians.”
Meaning pedestrians have the right to stop motorist when there are in crossing pedestrian
lanes and thus drivers are obliged to give way to them. [DITS-ATMS]
How to create a device design a system that will automatic control the traffic flow
in intersection?
Since, manual traffic control is still implemented and the number of traffic
management officers and personnel are few as stated in the interview at Lipa
City Public Order and Safety , the need to improve the current way of
managing traffic flow is in demand. The manual traffic flow in Lipa City is
controlled by Traffic Management Officers. When human population and
vehicle population occurred especially in date occasions the traffic congestion
is very hard to handle. The decision in traffic flow control is based on the
Traffic Management Officers deployed in the area based on the researcher’s
interviews and question from some of Traffic Management Officers, which
often results to uneven traffic congestions that usually happened in
intersections.
How to create a device design a system that will notify Drivers in case of traffic
congestion is on their way?
The white stripe pedestrian lane serves as a safe crossing for people. But
based on the researchers interviews conducted on some people caught on act
and researchers observations most of this lanes are not used. Based on tThe
interviews the reason why people do not cross in the right crossing is that it
serves as a long way to the point there are going. Other says that they do not
bothered to walk far to use right pedestrian lanes because still vehicles
couldn’t just stop in those pedestrian lanes or even just slow down to give way
to the pedestrians.
What would the life of the planet be without technology? The result of technological
advancement always impacts the lives of people. And Progress, which nowadays is
evaluated through technology. Hence that Manual Traffic Management is still being used
in Lipa City Area and to catch up and provide technological progress, the researchers
come up in designing an Intelligent Traffic Management System with Image Processing.
The researchers will create a device or prototype of the Advanced Intelligence Traffic
Management S system which presents an application of computer vision methods to
manage traffic congestion through traffic flow monitoring by the help of IP camera and
road traffic analysis by the help of image processing application that the researchers had
been developing. Considering enough resources availability and experienced arduino and
image processing programmers mentoring, The device is possible to be accomplished on
a given deadline. The application is utilizing image-processing and pattern recognition
methods designed and modified to the needs and constrains of road traffic analysis.
Specific Objectives
To developed an Intelligent Traffic Light System that will improve traffic flow
decision making.
Not knowing the traffic situation ahead of them based on the gathered
survey conducted by the researchers. The researchers will create a
miniatureprototype of a led traffic information display that will show and
help notify the drivers about traffic information ahead of them. This will
be made of LED display module connected to a microcontroller which
will be displaying traffic situations occurring ahead intersections. When
traffic congestion is analyzedanalysed by the image processing application
as moderate to heavy the led traffic information display will display a
variable message indicating that the drivers are suggested to take a another
route meters ahead of them. The LED display will be placed distance
right before the suggested route and far enough from the intersection that
traffic congestion usually happens. The Traffic Information Display will
automatically operate by the help of other sub systems and through the
interaction of image processing application software unlike that are those
deployed in SLEX and other national roads that use human interventions.
Scope
Limitations
Distance Capturing
The researchers have canvassed an IP camera of 1080p will have 20 meters distinct
distance clear image monitoring during day and not capable of clear image monitoring at
night. The researchers do not guarantee the resolution of camera. will vary depends on
camera suitable on proponents budget.
Law Implementation
The system functionality does not include vehicle speed tracking and plate number
recognition. And thus implementing the law regarding traffic will be made by the Traffic
Management Authorities.
Manual systems put pressure on people to be correct in all details of their work at all
times, the problem being that people aren’t perfect, however much each of us wishes we
were. Being a Traffic Management Officer is an exhausting job, standing 12 hours in the
middle of the road even if exposed to sunlight and rain. With manual traffic operation
system the level of service is dependent on individuals and this puts a requirement on
management to run training continuously for staff to keep them motivated and to ensure
they are following the correct procedures. With addition to the fact that there is no
existing traffic monitoring of Traffic Management Authorities in Lipa City adds up a
poor sharing of traffic information, and hard to manage traffic congestions.
Effective monitoring system and management of the highway network is the newest
approach to confronting transportation challenges in 21st century. 21st century
technologies, referred to as Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Technologies, has
been researched, deployed and tested to some degree for ten years or more. These
Technologies provides information about transportation and support development of tools
that traffic professional and travellers never had before. These kinds of technologies have
been practiced in other countries such as Japan, China, South Korea, USA, Germany and
some part of Europe.
In United States Advance Traffic Monitoring and Control System primary function is to
control the city’s traffic signals in response to predicted and unpredicted traffic flow. A
network of approximately 1000 traffic sensors and 20 closed circuit television (CCTV)
With the advance traffic management and control from the United States and with the
problem here in Lipa regarding pedestrian crossing the researchers have decided to adopt
a traffic light system with a non-motorized user detection wherein pedestrian can signal
drivers that they will be passing through the pedestrian crossing. Traffic timer will be
reset automatically if the button is pressed.
Another system that the researchers decided to adopt from the review related studies in
Canada is the Variable Message Sign System through LED panel display which will
help display of congestions situations and warnings to alert drivers and support their
rerouting decisions.
Based on what the researchers have researched there are an approximately 138 employees
in METROBASE. The new command centre facility includes a high technology
monitoring system, Geographic Information System (GIS), a geographic information
system (GIS) lets us visualize, question, analyze, and interpret data to understand
relationships, patterns, and trends. GIS-based maps and visualizations greatly assist in
understanding situations and in storytelling which help them in traffic management and
Digitized Traffic Information System (DTIS) where main goal is that to make MMDA
traffic data available to the public. [MNMB2017]
Unlike in Batangas City which have a fixed traffic light system, here in Lipa City,
Manual Traffic Management and Manual Monitoring is still being implemented. By the
use only of deployed Traffic Management Officers and radios to communicate they
manage the traffic flow. Considering through the data the researchers had gathered, Lipa
City a large scale city in terms of population and vehicle population will experience a
high increase vehicle population which will result to heavy traffic congestion in a daily
basis in the near future. Although there is a monitoring system existed by the use of
cameras and CCTV’s its main purpose is for calamities and accidents. The monitoring
system will be functional only when there is a user. And to add up a Traffic Light System
exist like those in Tanaun City and Batangas City is deployed too in a part of Lipa City,
in LIMA Park to be specific, functional but its main purpose is for the company. The
Based on the details stated above the researchers decided to establish “Advanced
Intelligence Traffic Management System” to improve the system we have now in Lipa
City. The researchers decided to adopt an advance traffic monitoring in order to cope up
with the fast growing and improving technologies in traffic management. Advance
Traffic Monitoring automatically monitors and analyse traffic flow, density and traffic
congestions. The researchers believed that this will serves as a great help in an Intelligent
Traffic Management System. However, with limitations that system has in terms of
network delays the researcherss decided not to adopt the following: Graphical
Information System which with the help of satellite graphical maps and roads traffic
information can be viewed through various applications and Digitized Traffic
Information System which also through visiting websites will display road traffic
information even if you are still at home.
Synthesis
Manual Traffic Management and Manual Monitoring are still being implemented. By the
use only of deployed Traffic Management Officers and radios to communicate they
manage the traffic flow. The needs to provide a functional intelligent advance traffic
management system and traffic monitoring in Lipa City decide the researchers to suggest
the Advance Intelligence Intelligent ManagementTraffic Management System with
image processing crowd monitoring in order to help the community., through the data
and researched the researchers had gathered The similarities with the existing technology
that the reseacher they came up to adopt are the following features, Traffic Management
using Traffic Light with non-motorized user detection similar on the systems
implemented in other countries, Variable Message Sign System through LED Display
similar on those seen on Expressways and Advance Traffic Density Monitoring which is
similar to the systems existing on other cities. The difference of the proposed project to
the other existing system is that Intelligent Traffic Management System does not need
human interventions in traffic control and management, traffic monitoring and traffic
decision making t to meet the demand to act in accordance to the growing problem in
terms of traffic congestions specially occurring in ,intersections in Lipa City, and since
there is no existing Traffic Monitoring and only has manual operation traffic management
exist. With limitations that our system has in terms of network delays Another differences
the researchers decided not to adopt from existing systems are Graphical Information
System and Digitized Traffic Information System due to the limitation of network delays
and needed interactions of satellites..
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Methodology
Planning
Analysis
The researchers conducted preliminary analysis to further analyse the proposed system by
gathering collective facts by:
Interviews
The researchers interviewed an authorized person of LTO, Traffic Management Division
Private Drivers, Commuters, Philippine Statistic Authority and the City Public Order and
Safety regarding with updated data of the population of Lipeños and Vehicles, and
regarding with traffic and traffic congestions in Lipa City and Lipa City Proper. The
researchers have come up gathering data such that 332, 386 people are the total residents
Survey
The researchers conducted a survey with the total of 400 respondents out of 332, 386
peoples based on the gathered interviews using Slovin’s Formula to Philippine Statistic
Authority. The researchers have prepared a questionnaire for the commuters to gather
information such as for them what are the causes of traffic? How often do they use
vehicles as means of transportation? How often do they have experienced being stuck in
traffic congestions? And through surveys the researchers determine the feasibility of the
proposed system.
Research
Research from the Internet, Books and Newspapers acquires data about the system. With
the help of research the researchers gathered enough knowledge on how will the system
will be designed, developed and created.
Consultation
The researchers conducted a series of consultations to Engr. Oca Magtibay, Engr. Cherrie
F. Villafuerte and Engr. Yolibeth M. Baratt with higher knowledge and experience
regarding with the system, programming, networking and image processing.
Observation
Through series of keen observation the researchers have gathered information and
analysis about traffic and traffic management. The researchers found that during manual
traffic management and operation there are insufficiency in traffic flow accuracy. The
researchers also observed that some lanes experienced heavy traffic while other lanes do
not. Also in addition the researchers have observed that more people do not use proper
pedestrian lanes.
The researchers combined all the data gathered information to transform detail
requirements and the needs for the system to be done, ending up to determine objectives,
scopes and limitations the system will be having and finally how will the system will
work and creating a design with supporting features or scopes.
Implementation
Hardware
Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a
processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals and can be used as
an embedded system. Microcontrollers will serve as the main module to electronically
control many processes in the system. The researchers will use microcontroller to gather
input from various equipment such as the IP camera, process this input into a set of
actions and use the output mechanism on the microcontroller to do something useful such
that to display traffic information message at the LED Display module, to control traffic
light control and timer reset of the Intelligent Traffic Light System.
Camera
An Internet Protocol camera, or IP camera, is a type of digital video camera commonly
employed for surveillance, and which, unlike Analog Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
cameras, can send and receive data via a computer network and the Internet, wired or
Cable Wire
A cable wire will serves as the connecting device of the system that will connects each
modules or subsystems to another modules in order to input and output data . From the IP
Camera to the microcontroller, from microcontroller to traffic light module and LED
display module for examples.
Timer
The Timer will serves as the cycle gear for the control of traffic light signal pattern in
order to have signalized intersection time plan, also it can control phases at a signalized
intersection. The timer will automatically be reset by the system in which if the system
has analyze a well traffic flow plan, if the system had detects that a road is heavily
congested while other road do not and if the button from the traffic light system for
pedestrians is pushed.
Data Storage
The Laptop having a 1TB hard drive will serves as the internal data storage for the data
that will be gathered from the IP camera. The approximate hours to full the 1TB with the
data are 72hrs. This will be depends on the resolution of the data that will be uploading.
Power Supply
A device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or
group of loads is called a power supply unit or PSU. Often referred to as “switching
power supplies”, use switcher technology which is used by the researchers to supply
electricity in the designed project and to convert the AC input to lower DC voltages. The
power supply that will serve as the power source for intelligent traffic light system
module and Traffic Information Display module will be a 12v battery.
Traffic Light
Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals are signalling devices positioned at road
intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control flows of traffic. The
researchers’ uses traffic lights that will be built by the researchers using LED bulb to
alternate the right of way accorded to drivers by displaying lights of a standard colour
(red, amber (yellow), and green) following a universal colour code.
Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use electromagnet to operate a
switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays
are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low- power signal (with complete
electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits
must be controlled by one signal. Since Traffic Light Control and timer will be operated
along with different modules relay is used for switching mechanisms.
The researchers used C++ language because it is much simpler to understand and code
and it is widely used programming language for arduino coding. that gives maximum
control and efficient to the programmer. [TCPL2013]
OpenCV
Open Source Computer Vision Library is an open source computer vision and machine
learning software libraries. is a library of programming functions mainly aimed at real-
time computer vision. It is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer
programs to develop software. The library has more than 2500 optimized algorithms,
which includes a comprehensive set of both classic and state-of-the-art computer vision
and machine learning algorithms. The researchers will used the library as a basis for
algorithms that can be used to track moving objects, identify objects, classify actions in
videos that will be a great help in the development of image processing software. These
may include configuration data, documentation, help data, message templates, pre-written
code and subroutines, classes, values or type specifications. [OCV] [WIKIOC2015]
Formatted: Normal
Research
Interview
Submission of
Topic
Introduction
Revision of
Introduction
Submission of
Revised
Introduction
Survey
Literature
Review
Revision of
Literature
Review
Submission of
Revised
Literature
Review
Project
Management and
Budget
Estimation
Revision of
Project
Management
Submission of
Document
Revision of
Document
Php. 4,280
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Level Inclusive Dates Name of school/ Institution
Tertiary 2012-present STI College Lipa
Vocational/Technical
High School 2004-2008 Joseph Marello Institute
Elementary 1997-2004 San Juan West Elementary School
AFFILIATIONS
Inclusive Dates Name of Organization Position
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Level Inclusive Dates Name of school/ Institution
Tertiary 2013-present STI College Lipa
Vocational/Technical
High School 2009-2013 Bolbok National High School
Elementary 2003-2009 San Sebastian Elementary School
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Level Inclusive Dates Name of school/ Institution
Tertiary 2013-present STI College Lipa
Vocational/Technical
High School 2009-2013 Bolbok National High School
Elementary 2003-2009 Malagonlong Elementary School
CONFORME:
APPROVED BY:
NOTED BY:
[EMES2016] Essential MATLAB for Engineers and Scientist, 6th edition Formatted: Superscript
[TEP2009] http://engineer-einjel.blogspot.com/2009/01/traffic-
management.html
5 Watts x 2 = 10 Watts
50 Watts x 2 = 100 Watts
10 Watts + 100 Watts = 110 Watts x (900 minutes / 60 minutes) = 1,650 Wh = 1.65 kWh
In order to come up with the numbers of correspondents both commuters and drivers that
the researchers needed in conducting the survey, the following computations have been
made using Slovin’s formula; n = N / (1 + Ne *2)
For the total people living in Lipa City based on the data gathered from Philippine
Statistic Authority Lipa City Division by year 2015 , the latest on their census.
n = N / (1 + Ne *2)
n = 332, 386 / (1 + 332, 386 x .05)
n = 332, 386 / (1 + 831)
n = 332, 386 / 832
n = 399.5 = 400 total correspondents
Yes
No
Yes
No
Out of 400 commuters and Drivers from Lipa City 100 % had agreed that Lipa City is an
entry point and exit point to and from different provinces.
Formatted: Font: Not Bold
Do you agree that Lipa City is an entry point
and exit point to and from other provinces?
Yes
No
Never
Seldom
Moderate
Often
Out of 200 drivers 95% often experience stuck in traffic in Lipa City.
Never
Seldom
Moderate
Often
Positive reponse
Negative Response
Out of 200 drivers in Lipa City 86% are not aware of waze application.
Formatted: Font: Not Bold
Are you aware of Waze Application?
Yes
No
Never
Seldom
Moderate
Often
Out of 400 94% respondents both commuters and drivers agreed that Intelligent Traffic
Management System is best than Manual Traffic Management System.
Formatted: Font: Not Bold
Which will do best?
Yes
No