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A time line is a

visual device that


helps us
understandhistorica
l change.The upper
time line represents
5 billion years
ofthe history ofthe
planet Earth.This
time line isdivided
into three
sections,each
ofwhich is drawn
to adifferent scale
oftime.The first
section,
The
Earth’sOrigins
,begins with the
planet’s origins 5
billion yearsbefore
the present (B.P.)
and indicates that
another fullbillion
years passed
before the earliest
forms oflifeappeare
d.The second
section,
Our Human
Origins
,shows that plants
and animals
continued to
evolve forbillions
more
years until,approxi
mately 12 million
yearsago,our
earliest human
ancestors came
onto the
scene.Inthe third
section ofthis time
line,
Earliest
Civilisation
,we see that what
we term
civilisation is
relatively
recent,indeed,with
the first
permanent settleme
nts occurring inthe
Middle East a scant
12,000 years
ago.But the
writtenrecord
ofour
species’existence
extends back only
halfthislong,to the
time humans
invented writing
and firstfarmed
with animal-driven
ploughs some
5,000 years B.P

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