HM 31 (VOLAL) 3 Studies on the Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen on the Vegetative Growth of Various ‘Test Strains of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Vijay Kumar, B.C. Suman and Dharmesh Gupta Mushroom Research Laboratory, Deptt. Plant Pathology UHE-Nauni- 173230 (HP) SUMMARY ‘The effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the vegetative growth of various test steains viz; IMRA-7, DMRA-9, DMRA-14, DMRA-37, DMRA-102, DMRA-103, DMRA-104, DMRA-I2|, DMRA-122 with control (U;) were studied Carbon source maltose supported maximum (95-62 mg) avorage mycelial dry weight in all the test strains including control, followed by starch. Amongst the various nitrogen sources, proline supported maximum (100.17 mg) average mycelial dry weight in 21 days followed by eysteine (93- 7 mg) inall the ieststrain Key words: 4gavicus hisprous, vegetative growth, carbon and nitrogen source. INTRODUCTION The white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is being cultivated in more than 100 counties of the word (Verma 2002), with India’s contribution only 2-3 % out of 25 million tones of world mushroom production. In the present investigation, the physiological studies were undertaken to understand in detail the nutritional: requirement of various test strain viz; DMRA-7, DMRA-9, DMRA-I4, DMRA-37, DMRA-102, DMRA-103, DMRA-104, DMRA-121, DMRA- 122 and 123 (control). Carhon is the most important. factor for the vegetable growth of the fungi. Tt serves as a major constituent for the synthesis of proteins, enzymes, protoplasm, auclic acid and cell wall material, Different.fungi respond to a carbon source differently and donot refer the same carbon, source for their maximum growth. Nitrogen has long heen considered as an essential source for the growth of various fungi, Nevertheless, it is as important as carbon source in the nutritional requirement of fungi, Innumerable studies on the nitrogen requirements of different fungi in the past, have shown the differential response of different fungi to inorganic us well as organic source of nitrogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were conducted to find out the best carbon and nitrogen sources, which can be most efficiently utilized by the funges for its growth, Purecultures of differenttest strains of [36] Agaricus bisporus viz; DMRA-7, DMRA-9, DMRA-14, DMRA-37, DMRA-102, DMRA- 103, DMRA-104, DMRA-121, DMRA-122 and U, (control) were procured from Directorate of Mushroom Research Chambaghat and Spawn Production Laboratory, UHF-Nauni and maintained on malt extract agar medium. Glucose Asparagine medium was taken as the basal medium. To find out the best carbon souree for the growth of different test strain and control (U,) glucose, was substituted by diflerent carbon sources. Treatment without any carbon source acted as control. The study in respect of nitrogen was also carried out with Glucose Asparagine medium ‘Treatment without any nitrogen source served as control, All treatments were replicated thrice Carbon and nitrogen sources added. in Glucose Asparagine medium were sterilized at 15 Ibs pressure for 20 minutes and inoculated with 4 mm_ mycelial cultures of different test strains including control (U,) and incubated at 25°C temperature in BOD. incubator. Observation on dry mycelial weight was recorded after 21 days of incubation und daiaanalyzed statistically, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1, Effect of carbon sources on mycelia growth:- It is clear from the data recorded in Table-1, thatamong the five carbon sources tested, maltaseFound to be the best for the growth of all test ins including control_as it supported ificantly maximum (95.62 mg) average lial dry weight growth, followed by starch, 22 mg). Minimum average mycclial dry ght growth was exhibited by lactose (32.73 | Stain DMRA- 7 (57.20 mg) recorded ffivantly maximum average mycelial dry sight followed by strain DMRA-37 (56.47 mg) "in DMRA-9 recorded mininuin (46.78 mg) average mycelial dry weight followed by strain DMRA-14 (47.91 mg). The interaction of various carbon sources with test strains including control showed that DMRA-7 produced significantly maximum (108.00mg) average mycelial dry weight on maltose followed by strain DMRA-37 (105.00 mg) on maltose, Minimum (28.43 mg) average dry mycelial weight was recorded by strain DMRA-9, on lactose as carbon source : Ic 1: Average dry mycelial weight (mg) of different test strain of Agaricus bisporus on various n source. ‘Carbon Sources ‘Average dry myee ial weight (mg) after 21 days DMRA DMRA_DMAR PMRA DMRA DMAR DMAR DMRA DMRA U3 Mecn 7 9 #3? 102103112 contol enicose 4933-4623 10.57 4K3I 4427 39904030 3623423 473 Aza ‘Starch 36.47 2843 30.30 3523 3467 24S 3132 33.37 2943 35.33 32.73 Sucrose 51.07 4630 49.17 52.13 $340 48.56 5080 50.10 48.47 5253 50.22 Lactose 4780-3687 38.43 48.47 46.40 42.26 46.27 40.23 45.23 4737 43.90 Maliose 10809 90.63 88.53 105.00 9830 8143 96.27 92.23 87.27 100,60 95.62 Control 5057 4233 4050 49.63 48:70 42.70 46.60 43.53 40.43 4863 45.38 Mean 57.20 46.78 47.91 56.47 S428 49.20 51.91 49.28 48.82 55.30 Efe: CD (0.05) ‘Carbon Sources 0.347 Susin(S) 0.448 €SXS 1.098 Effect of nitrogen sources on yycelial growth: In the present study, five different source of trogen, were tried to see their comparative fect on the mycelial growth ofall the test strains cluding control Nitrogen source (L- sparagine) in the basal medium,Glucose parngines medium werereplaced by different itrogen sources in such a way as to supply equal jount of nitrogen present in g of L-asparagine weights of mycelium produced by different atmentsaficr 21 days was recorded in Table-2 From the data recorded in Table? it is cleat st among the various nitrogen sources tested ine supported maximum (100.17 mg) mean ‘age mycelial dry weight in 21 days followed yy eystcine (93.87 mg). Minimum (43.29 mg) sverage mycelial dry weight was recorded in yntrol (without nitrogensources) followed by mmonium sulphate (49.56 mg). imilarlyirrespective of nitrogensource strain [ DMRA-7 recorded maximum (80.69 mg) average mycelial dry weight, while minimum (67.63 mg) average mycelial dry weight was recorded in strain DMRA-122. The interaction of various nitrogen sources with different test strains including control showed that DMRA-7 produced maximum (107-97 mg) Gry imycelinl weight on L-proline, Minimum (30.53 mg) dry myeelial weight was recorded in DMRA-121, followed by DMRA-122 (35-60 mg) and control (with nonitrogen sourecs). Tive diflerent carbon sources belonging to groups of monosaccharides, disaccharides and trisaechrides, namely fructose, lactosc, sucrose, starch and maltose were used replacing the carbon in basal medium for determining thei comparative response on vegetative growth of all test strains including control. Maximum mycelial growth of all test strains with control was obtained in medium containing maltose as a carbon source, Besides, good growth was recorded on fiuctose and 37]various nitrogen sourees. Nitrogen Sonrecs Average dry mycelial weight (mg) of differcut test strains after 21 d Average dry mycelial weight (ing) of different test strains of Agaricus bisporus on ae OMRA DMRA_DMAR DWKA DMRA DMAR DMAR DMRA DMRA U3 Mean 7 9 Fk 10413) 122 Cond 99.26 M40 92.50 98.63 9647 9450 93.50 48.53 89.60 9533 95-87 Sodium vivate 62.50 $430 60a? $850 $753 5670 $630 5557 9533 $7.46 L-proling 107.97 9247 9443 106.50 10440-10030 9843 99.50 93.30 10443. 100.17 Lasparagine 9640 4K.$0 90.50 96.40 9540 95.40 92.43 85.30 94.23 8350 94.76 Amwminium sulphates9.53 42.33 4427 S347 $433 $0.20 4870 4640 4727 4923 4856 Comtrot SRA7 4250 4570 4650 4423 43.50 4087 30.33 4536 4329 30696840 70127699 9555 7307 7053 69.23 asa cD 03) Niogen Source NS. 0.67 Myeclial dry wi(DW) Ge NSXDW 023 sucrose and poor growth on starch and lactose. LITERATURE CITED The rosults obtained are in accordance with Bohus (1959), Kumar and Muinjal (1980) Sharma e/a (2010) and Suman et al 2011) who veported that medium supplemented with maltese asa carbon source gavo maximum mycelial yield Among the organic nitrogen sources, proline gave highest mycelial growih followed by cystein in ali the test strains including control. Among the inorganic sources, ammonium sulphate recorded minimum mycelial growth. ‘The present study is in agresnical with the work of - Kumar and Munjal (1980) and Sharma et af (2010) who Teported that various strains of Agaricus bisporus produced maximum growth when proline was used as nitrogen source. Howerve, there are some contradietory reports regarding the utilization of nitrogen sourocs Styer (1928) reported ammonium salt, urea, glycine, asparagine, peptone, and protein as good source of nitrogen Tor 4. campestris, Treschow (1944) found that the asparagine was the best single nitrogen source, while glutamic acid, was slightly inferior. Jennison et al (1955) reported that asparagine alone is a good source of nitvogen for most of the basidiomyeetes Fraser and Fuzikawa (1958) reported the use of aminoacids like phenylalanine, methionine, and. proline for supporting growth of several strains of A. bisporus, Received : August 2, 2013 (38 | Bohus, G. 1989 Investigation concerning the life processes of the cultivated mushroom Musfr- oom Science 4: 86-131 Fraser, LM. and Fujikawa, B.S. 1958. The growth promoting effect of several aminoacids an the common cultivated mushroom, Agariexrs bisporus Mycologia 40 : 538-549 Jennison, M.W. Newcomb, W.D. and Hendersen, R 1955. Physiology of wood rotting Basidio- mycetes. Mycologia 47 : 275-304 Kumar, $ and Munjal, R.L. 1980 Studies on the physiology of different single spore isolates of A.bisporus (Lauge) Imbach. Ind. Jour. Mush. 6 (1) 36-47 Sharma, M, Suman, B.C. and Gupta D, 2010 effe- ot of carbon and nitrogen sources on the veget- ative growth of Agaricus bisporus (Lang Imbach, Ind. Jour: Mush, 28 (I and 2) :$4-37 Suman, B.C. Sharma, M Dholta, V and Gupta, D, 2011 studies on the effect of carbon, nitrogen and vitamins on the vegetative growth of single spore isolates of 4. bisporus (Lange) Imbach. Ind, Jour Mush 29 (ED): Styer, LF. 1930 Nutition of the cultivated mushr- ‘com Damsk Bot Arkiv 1 (6) 11-180 Verma, R.N. 2002 The science and scope of mushroom cultivation, In : Recent Advances in the Cultivation Tech of Edible Mushroom, Verma, RN. and Vijay B (eds) Nirmal Vier Press New Delhi India pp 1-10. Accepted : Dee 4, 2013