HISTORY. eee Ca te Gr et Meet ag The Indian Hume Pipe Co. Ltd., as early as 1926 BU RC eee Ca ue TL See CAR ea areal Coe ee een ieee ni cals Sateen rics For 60 years, the pipes supplied through over 50 SOLE caM ete ect ha Rees acme Mae ket ed ete, etc. and are still giving trouble-free servi Re eae Ia etary centrifugal spinning process, discovered by Walter Cuetec ce Gea anu ee een Se Un CUE en Be ee el mee acl Ree ec ur Roe) Davalopment in order to improve the product and production technology. Piant and product design also play a leading role in maintaining the Ce Reece mun oe ecu Ce RU ee Cue ea tte tet) me ee een i CORA ec eer? Se ae eee nae aggressive service conditions, eee aCe es engaged in the development of these products RRC TiS ea Cea cee ina Ca au ean ey eC once hate ae ety BER Reem cance tery Re neta seep ice) Sr Seen es} technique, togather with mix design, use of welded cage and rigid quality control at every Se ee eee anne ureter hau erat ere CRUC AULA TittiesSPECIAL FEATURES OF IHP PIPES Density IHP's method of manufacture controlled spinning with vibration produces concrete Mui Nun cer oruea eur ica re cae See e uted Oe ee cea) Greater density means longer, more efficient working life. Strength and Tia pest ere eau Ruy Niort Pee c eC MC eile Deira ok Precincts ene iGy ee Cut eed Ere ient) Welded cage SiC ete aot CCR eeu melee ies ER Reo keh Ream stn Tete etter nme ea tse RN eel chad ce ke Me ML e MceRCOelOR RNC era Le 3 Characteristics mu Ce cio eke PRU Ree Bae Re eeu! of moisture. ‘* Autogenous healing of minor cracks resulting from Peres er et Segre ee Rees Pee comet) service lifeReinforced concrete culvert and drainage pipes: These pipes are manufactured in accordance with IS 458—1971 in class NP2, NP3 and NP4. NP2, NP3 and NP4 class pipes upto 1200 mm dia.are normally available in all the major factories. Larger diameter pipes are made for specific jobs. These pipes are supplied with collar joints or rubber ring joints, Pipes required to withstand loads in excess of NP4 class can also be supplied. Enquiries may be directed to the nearest IHP factory. IHP design engineers are available 10 advise on all aspects of the safe and economic use of appropriate classes of pipes. DIFFERENT TYPES OF IHP PIPES Testing: Reinforced concrete culvart and drainage pipes are subject to load and other tests at IHP factories in accordance with the procedure laid down in |.S. 3597, 1986, or as specified by the purchasar or as suggested by IHP ‘Space for Cement Mertar INTERNAL FLUSH EXTERNAL FLUSHREINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT AND DRAINAGE PIPES [ox [exam “Honan sor ae : | NPS. APA Pa [NPS Nea TALL PIPE WALL PIPE WAL. PIPE TALL [RE Mauer fae) Hak [er [eae wr reve |e [rake | vee ak | er [a da) cee ee a oe jos |e aa eo] ret fea sf =a Teo] 2000 se en eet 5 fre ee Z| Ho : ca oso ea eee cd [aso 32 [230] 76 | 620) 32 | 260 75 | 690| 76] 690 8 a see! re [77 se [aso] 78 [aral_7s oto oe 4. [aeo| an [nanal os [68) ao | evel eo [pesados isso a 4] se0| a0 [isto|ox [zac] 0 | cool oo [rail as [soo] ea GE [ao] 30 [isco] se [re00] as ete) ao [rose es [rss a so] 0 el ce aye sie eas Eg vant 6 finee| 02a) 15 [22a [rao roo [a0 116 [p20 1209 ‘65 fisso| 115 | 2eac] 129 | 2000] a [1760] 116] 2649) 120 [2900 1200 7 posi] 7c ea SED |e rE] See a Se ee aso] amo | a0 [asso] — 140 |asao] @0 farol — 146) [4800] Ney Se rear sie acini “aL Oe | ee Patol | maa [eeaa| so orecl = | = reo | aszo| 2 hese z000} 2500 | 100 [2863] — | — 5 oe — tied hy isn lay Se RCO se = C7 Sf AND DRAINAGE PIPE JOINTS - (oe iy test Ring SOCKET SPIGOT RR. JOINTREINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSURE PIPES General: Reinforced concrete pressure pipes with collar or hydraulic rubber ring joints are used for water supply lines, irrigation schemes, sewer rising mains and similar projects. Indian Hume Pipe Co. Ltd., has over ‘0 years experience in the design and manufacture of reinforced concrete pressure pipes. Thousands of kilometers of reinforced concrete pressure pipes with these joints are in service throughout Australia, Europe, India and overseas countries. They testify to the efficiency and economy of this form of pressure pipeline. Specifications: Reinforced concrete pressure pipes are designed and manufactured in accordance with one of the following, as required = e1S. 458-1971 * Clients’ spacification * IHP recommendations for specific jobs. Nominal effective lengths : Upto 250 mm diameter—2.0 M 300 mm diameter and above =25M Reinforced concrete pressure pipes are designed to withstand appropriate external loads, as well as internal pressures. Design: Pipes can be designed and manufactured to test pressures upto and including the maximum indicated in the table, For test pressures somewhat greater than shown, ‘wall thickness may be increased with corresponding reduction of bore. Allowable test pressure for pipes over 600 mm diameter may be reduced by external loads. HP engineering staff are available to assist with all aspects of pressure pipe design. Testing: Alll pressure pipes are subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test at IHP factory. The test pressure is directly related to the required working pressure for the pipe and in accordance with the requirements of the job. Pressure pipes also ‘subjected to other tests as specified in the standard. pte tite Mem) gic Moen 100 | 2000 | 25 |) 60 5 50 [400 (2500 32 26080 430 60 320. aso_| 2500 | 35 | 30 so | a0 | 0 | ak 600 | 2500 | 40 | 480 85 10 90 1170 ee a [1000 | 2800 [55 tos | 100 | 2070 | — = [1100 | zs00 co 10 - = a Weights are approximateae Mh Cm Ol mee) NG aia 2 ae) by General: Rubber rings provide a quick, simple and effective means of jointing concrete pipes. When used with rigid concrete pipas : the strength of the pipe combines with ‘the flexibility of the joint to onsure the continusd effective operation ef the pipeling, avan under adverse conditions: caused by ground movement. All rubber rings supplied with IHP pipes ‘ere manufactured in accordance with 1S, 5382-1969. Nature! rubber has compression set characteristics superior to synthetic rubber and is normally used. Natural rubber, however, has low resistance to hydrocarbons, and in situations where thoir presonoe is anticipatad, polychloroprene (Neoprene) rubber rings ere specified. Quality of rubber is not affected when it is protected from sun and light. In underground pipelines, in contact with weter the life of rubber rings is as much as that of pipes. Roll-on Rubber Ring Joint. ROLL ON JOINT IMP manufactures socket and spigot concrete pipas with a roll-on-'' ting j in sizes from 100. mm to 1800 mm diameter. This joint developed by Cornilious in England, is in use for concrete pipes for over 45 years, giving satisfactory service Confined ‘O’ Ring Joint: Amore recent development by IHP is the confined 'O' ring joint. The rubber ring remains in a fixed position an the pipe spigot. While jainting, the ring end the pipe socket are lubricated, and the joint is made The confined ing joint offer: + Eaciot closure in wet conditions. ‘* A more compact jeint in large diameter pipes. IHP flexibly jointed NP4 class pipes of diamater 1000 mm and above have confined ‘O' ting joints. Thi @coammodated in the wall th the pipes; hence there is no projection of socket CONFINED ‘0’ RING JOINTFlow Chert for Concrete Pipe Lines g & % z g é g = % Loss of Head:Structural Design. During the last decade the designing of rigid underground pipes, their joints and technique of instellation have been changing fundamentally from empirical and traditional methods to more rational methods based on the scientific principles of structural and soil mechanics. A buried pipeline is now recognised es « load bearing structure, and within the limits of present knowledge, is designed with growing confidence. Condition of installation. The magnitude of loads imposed upon a buried! pipe by the overlying soil and by any uniformly distributed or concentrated surface surcharge of large or infinite extant, Gepends first on the nature density and depti of soil cover, the intensity of surchargs, the nature of the pipe—whather rigid or flexible and on the conditions in whieh it is installed—whether trench or embankment, Reference is often made to the menufacturer’s tabuleted load carrying capacities to select the appropriate pipe class when the service load requirements are known. This procedure is satisfactory provided all factors are considered. However, prior to Seciding the class of pipe required, the design engineer should consider in detail, how the pipe is to be laid, ie. the depth of excavation, cover, backfill material type, trench width required for practical installation, minimum density of beckfill and possible construction traffic loads. Trench widths. For pipes in trench cond the fill and surcharge loads depend upon the effective trench width and whether it is wide or narrow with respect to the outsida diamotor of the pipe and depth of soil covar Whan installing a pipe, itis ‘essential that the trench width be specified and excavated uniformly and not be permitted to “just happen” in a haphazard manner Back filling. Another aspect of pipe installation that is neglected is backfilling. The ability of any pipe to support an embankment depends on adequate side support, It is essential thet side filling be thoroughly compacted to at least 90% of the maximum dry density as assessed by the modified ProctorTest Method. If 90% compaction is not attained, the ability of the pipe to carty a given load is reduced significantly. Failure to provide side support may cause failure of the pipeline atless than the designed loading and may also induce difforential sattlement when the fill above and beside the conduit does not settle uniformly. Surcharge loads. Pipes in service are subject to loads generated by earth pressures and superimposed surcharges, such as traffic loads for pipes under road ways, The aetuel loads vary according to the class of foundetion material, depth of cover, compaction procedure and whether the pipe is beneath an embankment or ina trench. A loading which is often ‘overlooked and which may ‘excaed the combinad loads is traffic loading. The trend today is for larger and consequently heavy earthmoving equipment. ‘When this equipment is used in conjunction with pipeline installation it is often allowed. 10 pass over or alongside the pipe during the backtilling operation. Little concern is. directed in the field to the permanent effect such transient traffic can have on ‘the pipe.Installation of Pipes. The performance of the pipeline in service depends not only on the quality of pipe and joint but also on installation i, on the design and execution of bedding, jointing and backfilling. The following notes will help to design and execute installation properly. Trench Preparation. Trenches should be kept tothe specified width since any excessive increase in tranch width will increase both the load on the pipe, the quantity of excavation, end will also require more bedding material under the pipe. A tronch nerrower than that specified may impede the proper placing and consolidation af tho bedding material and restrict working conditions in the trench during pipe laying. Recommended trench widths for various pipe diameters and installation conditions are indicated in tables enclosed The foundation. Uniform support along the pipaline is important. All hard spots and also soft zones which can cause differential settlement should be removed from the foundation. Bouldars and soft patches should be dug out and replaced with well tamped selected backfill. isturbance by trampling of ine soils or caarse grain material in the tranch bottom must be avoided. In water bearing ground sufficient waterstops should be provided to provont passage af water along the trench. Tha water level should not be allowed to rise before bavktilling is completed. Rack ancuring in TRENCH BEDDINGS Concrete Cradle Lre2 25034 300 DENSELY COMPASTED: BACKFILL 114.0 axa PLAIN OR REINFORCED CONCRETE M150 CONTINUOUS CONCRETE CREL!: OF MONOLITHIC CROSS SECTION F UN« FINE GRANULAR FILL MATERIAL —48.s6emi SHAPED SUBGRACE WITH GRANULAR FOUNCATION Ordinary iret tak 150mm, SHAPED SUSGRADE Legend Be=OUTSIDE DAMETER BACKFILL COVER ASOVE TOP OF pire INSIDE iaratitt DEPTH OF SECOING MATERIAL ELOW PIPE Note FOR ROCK OR OTHER INCOMPRESSIOLE MATE nIALS, DENSELY BACKFILL, Loose BACKFILL, DEPTH OF BEDDING MAT, BELOW P.PE 3 goa fea re Teo a 1OG a je [1600 mm & LARGER| 160m THE TRENCH SHOULD BE OVEREXSAVATED A MINIMUM OF 180mm 200) REFILLED WITH GRANULAR MATERIAL,tha foundation should be generously overcut and replaced by @ layer of granular material, Ground water should be kept below the bottom of the trench wherever possible during pipe laying operations by the use of temporary drains, sumps, or ther suitable means. Peat tor boggy material at formation level should be removed and replaced by sand or other approves filling materials, If the trench is excavated in clay it is important to try to maintain the water content of the clay during construction, ‘Tha addition of water will cause swelling whils excessive Inying can Gauss shrinkage. Either swelling or shrinkage can cause an uneven trench bottom Where slips occur and the trench wall ccllapses immediate action should be taken to inform the Resident Engineer so that remedial work may be put in hand to take account of a trench width in excess of that specified. Care must be taken when constructing a trench adjacent to @ manhole, The trench should be backfilled as soon es possiole after the pipes are laid to prevent eny movement of the manhole causing an pverload to the pipas, Bedding Materials. The types of bedcing normally usad With concrete pipes are concrete cradle bedding, ‘Ist class bedding end ordinary bedding Concrete Cradle Bedding: (Reinforcs This type of bedding using good quality concrete, carefully placed to ensure adequate and uniform support oas not unduly limit the flexibility of the joints, provided gaps—each not lass than 12 mm wide, are mace in the cancrete at every second joint position or at every 5 Meters whichever is less. These gaps should be ‘illed with a soft compressible msterial ‘o prevent the entry of any stonas, such other materials liable to rastrict ‘lexibility of the bed and consequently of the pipeline itsalf First Class Bedding: (Granular materiel) Free draining gravels or crushed stones, well graded and evenly cor ted under supervision will ensure good joint performance. An excess of fines in the material may cause ‘bulking’ during progress: of the work, with consequent variations in ling, level and compaction 4 or piain concrete) Tho maximum particle size should generally not exceed 20 mm. The presence of an foceasional particle between 20 mm and 26 mm is ‘eplable provided the total quantity of such particles is only a very small ‘rection ‘ol the whole. If particles over 25 nin are prasent the ‘matorial should be rajerctad The use of material obtained rom the trench during excavation should be permitted only after a grading analysis has been made end th material approved as suitable or the particular size of pipe boing laid. When granular bedding is used in trenches dug in uniform coarse sands or gravel it is important to ensure that the bedeing material is not compacted lass than the natural trench botiomeo Ordinary Bedding: (natural soil of trench) The bedding of concrete pipes ‘on natural soil of the tronch bottom in these classes is generally only suitable for pipes up to 300 mm diameter. Tha natural soil should be uniform and fine grained: conditions relatively dry. Bedding Procedure: For concrete cradin bedding, precast cradivs ar other means of support for the pipes ‘et the correct height above the trench bottom and which can be safely left in place, should be regularly placed by means of a distance gauge and then boned in to the correct level and gradient. A layer of compressible material should be placed between the pipe and credie to prevent the creation of a hard spot at the cradle No supports should be used in 1st class bedding, the top of which should be trimmed to the correct gradient, slightiy above the fine! laval to allow for e smal| settlement of heavy pipes, as pre-determined by ‘ial. Timbering or sheeting should, wherever possible, be withdrawn as work proceeds so that no voids are left in the bedding. The bedding should be properly compacted, preferably by mechanical ‘maans. Care should be exercised to avoid disturbance of the bedding bensath the pipe and to make good any disturbance which may occur accidentally. ‘The bedding must be dug out under the pipa sockets so thet the pipes are supported along the whole length of their barrels, and nat on their sockets only. The pipe should be suspended during laying and jointing to avoid disturbance of the granular bed, and to prevent tha whole weight of the pipe from bearing on the rubber ring during jointing for Rubber Ring Joints and allow uniform Caulking space in the casa of collar joint. After completion of jointing the sling should ba carefully temioved to prevent disturbance of the bedding.Permissible depths of filling and types of bedding for NP class pipes Trench Condition a DEPTH OF FILL OVER TOP OF PIPE METHOD OF BEDDING ‘Gnomany | FIRSTCLASS | CONCRETE BEDDING BEDDING ‘CRADLE UNLIMITED | UNLIMITED. SELECTED. }-Comeacien EARTH Ordinary Bedding LOAD FACTOR 15 sevecren, compactes GRANULAR MATERIAL ‘0.8 Se min First Class Bedding LOAD FAGTOR 19 1 FILLING MATERIAL IS ORDINARY CLAY AS PER 1, 783-1959 FIG. 1 (CURVE WITH Ku 6 Ku'=130) ft 2 FILL MATERIAL DENSITY=1750 KG/tas men 4/NO SUPERIMPOSED LOAD COMPACTED EARTH 4. WIDTH OF TRENCH UP TO 1200-0.0,+300 mm BEYOND 1200-0.0.4450 mm. concRETE ‘CRADLE Concrete Cradle Bedding Lap FACTOR @Permissible depths of filling and types of bedding for NP2 class pipes Embankment (positive projection)condition DEPTH TO INVERT OF THE PIPE DIR.OF ‘METHOD OF BEDDING pire [onsivary | rusrciass | concnere = BEDDING BEDDING CRADLE too | _ununareo | Unuiiree NLIAITED 074 zm 383M 377 305M He -| 32% Ordinary Bedding 7 ¥ Loap FAcrON 1 00 340M egace ‘00 ase 800 780 t8 322M 000 on 355M Piste wi ro ‘310M eee 7200 13M 235% 1400 135M 252M ; + seurcteo ‘600. | 267m | Eoweacteo +800 235M EARTH “900 265M sf 2000 257M compacrer oe Ba Seaton MATERIAL 06 e min First Class Bedding LORE FACTOR 225 4) FILLING MATERIAL IS ORDINARY CLAY AB. PER 3, 785-1989 FIG. 11 2) FILL MATERIAL DENSITY=17E0 KG/E 3) No SUF=AIMPOS:D LOAD SELECTED. NPAC TED tae ou concrete: rable Concrete Cradle Bedding Loap FacTOR 3.3Permissible depths of filling and types of bedding for NP4 class pipes Embankment(positive projection)condition DEPTH TO INVERT OF THE PIPE PIPE Da oF METHOD OF BEDDING GRoINARY | FIRSTCLASS tL DDING. BeoUinG CONCRETE CRADLE 380 453M aaa 400 00 12M oom 7M SEEM 520M 380M 5.09.M 49m 01M a4eM | 510 M1 903 M 5.17 Ml 492 M4 375M a5 499. 501M Bad M nl Ordinary Bedding LOAD FACTOR 188 5.25 M 8.86 M Baa 2M ‘ont ORDINARY FILL stLecTeD. ING ShATERIAL I ORDINARY CLAY AS 7551959 FIG, 11 ) Fill, MATERIAL SENSITY= 4750 Kotla 2) NO SUPERIMPOSED LOAD ScMPAETED EARTH sL comeacrs GRANULAR MATERIAL 06 Bemin. First Class Bedding LOAD FACTOR 236 _o20InaRY FLL sevecTen COMPACTED Fante cu concaete CRADLE Concrete Cradle Bedding LOAD FACTOR 9:3,SOME MAJOR WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SCHEMES WHERE HUME PIPES ARE USED Class or Test | Length bape ote Sere Year | $e | pressure | in ms 1. | Quotta Water supply 1930 42" 2.00 Kqs.jom? | 16094 2, Hambantata water supply in Ceylon 1830 BY 2.00 ‘97000 3. Municipal Drainege, Karachi _ [asst 6-15" 45731 4, Jamshedpur Grainage 1931 4-27 Non pressuro_| 54000 5._| Warangal Water Supply 1938 457-26" [2.00 kas/em® | 31000 6 ‘Mithapur Chemicals; water supply 1939 ata" Non pressure 11000 3, Tata Iron & Steal Jamshedpur drainage: 1939 Vs Non pressure 11200, | Delhi drainage i940 47-30" ‘Non pressure | 28000 8. Indus Water supply, Karachi 1941-42 | 33"-63" 2.00 Kgs/em? | 36000 70, | Tata Wron & Stesl, water supply & pereag |e a8" Non pressure | 33650 Jamshedpur Zz 11._|_ Water supply t Munirabad 1947 | 8" 6.00 62474 ‘Aurangabad woter supply 1952-55 | 67-26" 1to2 72077 Hyderabed water supply i955 | 60-66" | 2t03 30570 ‘Municipal drainage, Lucknow tees | 6-42" 81280 _| Municipal drainege, Delhi 1959 78-90" Non pressure 17600, Jabalpur water supply i859 ee 2.00 16764 ‘Sabarmati water supply, Ahmedabad 7980 | 4%-18" ‘| 200 762017 | Gorakpur drainage 1961-62, Non pressure 46310 2. _| Water supply to Gauheti 1981-62, 2.00 16800, le ‘Nasik drainage 1964 Non pressure | 54075 21. Dharwar water supply 1965 4to6 46372 Madras water supply 1866 76.00. 16337 Improvement trust. Nagpur drainage 1907 Non pressure | 17728 | Madurai water supply 1968 4.00 29300 Gulbarga water supply 1968 2.00, 42490 Jaipur water supply i969 | 24” 2.00 20120 Osman saagar water supply, Hyderabad 1971 700 mm: 4.00 14000 800 mm. 28, | Dharampur water supply, Madras i72«| 15". 460. | 4t06 "70000 600 mm. 28. | Rural water supply, Kanpur 1972 Bat Non prossuro | 12600 30, | Gandhigarh [itt irigation 1874 381-457 mm| Non pressure | 26000 | 31, | Augmentation to Yamuna Canal, Chandigarh. | 1978 | 450—600 mm | 2 kg/cm? 17250 | $2. | Bombay City end Suburbs Drainage” =| «1975 Saale Nee 25,000 * Projvctfinancva by the World Bark,