Ke Ehatan in K N An: Scanned by Camscanner

K ES EH A T A N
LIN G K U N GA N 1
D r E Ga r ia n t o
. . ,
M Ke s
.
Scanned by CamScanner
Fa k t o r yg Me m pe n ga ru hi
Ke se ha t a n
Fa k t o r - fa kto l ya n g m em pe n ga ru hi
ke s e ha t a n
b a i k i n d iv i d u m a u pu n m a sya ra kat
Pe r i l a k u
Li n g k u n ga n
Pe l a y a n a n Ke s e h a t a n
4 Ge n et ik
( H e n d r i k L Bl u .
m ,
19 7 4 )
T he o rem a He n d r i k L Bl u m
.
F油c t o r s I n fl u e n e l朝朝D如旧昌s e
Tr a n s m i s s i o n
Ag e n t En v i r o n m e nt
t
- n1 d
Ce o g r 1 p h
- r « tH o
M N o 1 n k « 1 b 1i 1y Ab W 1 * y
- Fo o d
Ho s t a1ap1
- -
- l
H O W S I G N IF I C A N T I S T H E I M PA C T O F
E N V IR O N M E N T O N H E A L T H ?
} Se c a ra u m u m d i p e r k ir a k a n 2 4 % m a s a la h
ke s e ha t a n d a n 2 3 % k e m a t i a n b e r k a it a n
d e n g a n fa kt o r fa kt o r lin g k u n g a n .
Þ W o r l d H e a l t h Re p o r t ( 2 0 0 4 ) D a r i 1 0 2 .
k e lo m p o k p e n y a k it u t a m a 8 5 k a t e g o r i
,
d ia n t a r a n y a d is e b a b k a n k a r e n a f a k t o r r i s i k o
lin g k u n ga n .
} Ke m a t i a rì a n a k -
an a k u s ia 0 14-
ta hu n 36
d i a n t a t a n y a b e r k a it a n d e n g a n f a k t o r
Pe y a k i t y g Be r k a i t a n Er a t d g F a k t o
n r
Lin g k u n g a n y g d a p a t d i m o d lflka s i
1 Pe n y a k i t y g b e r h u b u n g a n e r ä t d g n m a s a l a h
li n g k u n g a n y g d a p a t d im o d if i k a s i m e li p u t i
D i a r e In f e k s i s a l u r a n n a f a s b a w a h M a la r i a
, , ,
tra u m a
Þ D IA RE D i p e r k i r a k a n 9 4 d ia r e b e r k a i t a n d g n
lin g k u n ga n be r h u b u n g a
,
n de n ga n a ir m i n u m
y g t id a k ar nan .
Hy g i e n e da n sam tas i yg bu ru k
Pe n y a k i t y g B e r k a i t a n Er a t d g F a k t o r
L i n g k u n g a n y g d a p a t d i m o d if i k a s i
Þ In f e ks i s a lu r a n n af a s b a w a h Be r k a i t a n e r a t
.
d e n g a n p o l u s i u d a r a d a t a m r u m a h (v e n t i l a s i
k u r a n g b a i k ) s e b a g ia n b e s a r k r n p e n g g u n a a n
b a h a n b a k a r p a d a t (m i s k a y u b a k a r ) a d a n y a
, ,
y g m e r o k o k d a ta m r u m a h d a n j u g a
pe n c e m a r a n u da r a d i lu a r r u m a h .
) M a la r i a p r o p o r s i m a la r ia b e r k a it a n e r a t
,
d e n g a n k e b ij a k a n d a n p e m a n f a a t a n l a h a n ,
Pe m b u k a a n h u t a n m a n a j e m e n
,
s umb e
s u m b e r a i r p e n a t a a n w i la y a h p e m
,
u k im a m .
d is a in r u m a h p e r ba ika n d r a in a s e
, ,
Pe ny a k i t y g Be r k a i t a n E r a t d g F a k t o r
L i n g k u n g a n y g d a p a t d i m o d if ik a s i
} Tra u m a k r n k e c e la ka a n ,
te rm asu k k e c e la k a a n
d i t e m p a t k e rja r a d ia s i d a n k e c e la k a a n
,
in d u s t r ia l 4 4 t r a u m a t e r s e b u t k r n f a k t o
, r
lin g k u n g a n .
Pe d e s t e r i a n d a n j a lu r be r s e pe d a yg ku ra n g
»
m e m a d a i be í pe r a n be s a r s e ba g a i pe n y e ba b
tra u m a k r n k e c e l a k a a n l a l u l i n t a s (4 0 6 )
Ke s e h a t a n Li n g k u n g a n
Þ D a ta m a r t i l u a s k e s e h a t a n l i n g k u n g a n a d a la h
,
b a g ia n da r i ke s e ha t a n m a sya r a kat y a n g
b e r k a it a n d e n g a n m e n i la i m e m a h a m i d a
, ,
n
m e n g e n d a l i k a n d a m p a k y g d it i m b u l k a n
m a n u s ia p a d a li n g k u n g a n m e r e k a d a n
s e b a l i k n y a d a rr i p a k l i n g k u n g a n p a d a
m a n u s ia .
D e f tn i s i
Þ Ke s e h a t a n li n g k u n g a n a d a la h s u a t u
k e s e i m b a n g a n e k o lo g i s y a n g h a r u s a da
a n t a r a rn a n u s i a d e n g a n lin g k u n g a n n y a a g a r
da pa t j
m e n a m i n k e a d a a n s e h a t d a r i m a n u s ia
(W H 0 ,
19 7 9 )
Un d a n g Un d a n g N o 3 6 T a h u
-
n
2009
Pa s a l 1 6 2
U p a y a k e s e h a t a n l i n g k u n g a n d it u j u k a n u n t u k
m e w u j u d k a n k u a l it a s li n g k u n g a n y a n g s e h a t ,
b a i k f i s i k k i m ia b i o l o g i m a u p u n s o s i a l y a n g
, , ,
m e m u n g k in k a n se t ia p o ran g m e n ca pa i
d e r aj a t ke s e ha t a n y a n g s e t in g g i t in gg in y a
-
Þ Pa s a l 1 6 3 a yat 2
Li n g k u n g a n s e h a t s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d
p a d a a y a t H me n a k u p h n g k u n g a n
p e r m u k i m a n t e rì ì p a t k e l j a t e m p a t r e k r e a s l
, , ,
- t e m p a t d a n f a s ilit a s u m u m .
Ru a n g lin g ku p
Þ Pe n y e d i a a n p a s o k a n m a ka n a n yg m em ada i
da n am an
} Pe n e r a p a n l a n g k a h l a n g k a h u ntu k
m e lin d u g i r u m a h s a k it d a n t e n a g a m e d is
n
d a r i p e n y a k i t i n f e k s i s e p e r t i A I D S d a n SA R S
! !! M a s a la h k e s e ha t a n li n g k u nga n pa da
dasa r n ya kare n a j u m la h p o p u la s l y a n g
rn e n i n g k a t
Pr o b le m -
p r o b le m Li n g k u n ga n yg
la i n
} Da m p a k lim b a h k im ia b e r a c u n
Þ Da m p a k l i m b a h r a d io a k t if
1 Huja n a s a lT l
Þ Be r k u ra n g n y a la p is a n o z o n
B G lo b a l w a r m in g
} Be r k u ra n g n y a s u m b e r d a y a al ar n d a n
h ila n g n y a h u t a n d a n la p is a n t a n a h
Macam -
m acam Lin g k u n ga n
} Se c a g a r i s b e s a r a d a 2 Li n g k u n g a n d a ta
ra , m
tu b u h d a n Li n g k u n g a n d i l u a r t u b u h
} Dip is a h k a n o le h 3 b a r ie r uta m a
K u l it ,
m e lin d u n g i t u bu h da r i ko n ta m in a n di
lu a r tu bu h
G l t r a c t m e lin d u n g i b a g ia
, n d a ta m tu bu h da r i
k o n t a m in a n y g t e r t e la n
Me bra n a lv e o li: lin d u
m m e n g i b a g i a n d a ta m
da ri ko n t a rn in a n yg m u n g k in t e r ih a la s i
Ke re n ta n a n te r ha da p ko n ta m in an
} Ko n t a rr r i n a n da pat m e n em bu s k u l it m asu k ke
tu b u h d e n g a n m e r u s a k la p i s a n w a x y g
d i h a s i lk a n o le h k e le n j a r s e b a c e a e
Þ Ko n t a m rn a n y g t e r la r u t d a p a t d i a b s o r b s i Gl
tra ct da n m a s u k ke t u bu h
} Ko n t a rr r i n a n di u d a l a y g u k u r a n n y a k e c il ( 5
1n ik r o n ) da pa t rr i a s u k d a n t e r d e p o s i t d i a l v eo li
da n b i l a b e r s if a t la r u t d a p a t d ia b s o r b s i
Maca m Lin g ku n ga n
} Li n g k u n ga da pa t be r be n t u k ga s
n .
c a ir a n
ata u pu n pa d a t m a s in g m a s in g m
,
e ru pa ka n
su by e k p e n ce m a ra n da n m a n u s ia be r in t e r a k s i
dg n se m u a n ya .
} Li n g k u n ga n j u ga da pa t be r be n t u k
-
K im ia : li m b a h t o x ic p e s t is id a b a h a
, ,
n ba ha n
k i m ia y g d ig u n a ka n d i r u m a h ta n gga ,
ba h
ba ha n t a m b h a n di m a ka n a n
Lin g k u n g a n Ur ba n ( Pe r k o t a a n
} Le b i h d a r i se pa l u h p o p u la s i d u nia t in g g a l d i
pu sat pe r ko t a a n .
Dipe r k ir a k a n m e n in g k a t 6 0
pe rse n d a ta m 2 0 t a h u n .
} Ku a lit a s h id u p d i k o t a k o t a s e lu r u h d in ia
rr l e n u l u n L i n g k u n g a n p e r k o t a a n s a a t i n i
.
b is i n g p a d a t m e m ic u f r u s t a s i d a n t id a k
, , ,
se ha t .
Da m p a k Ro k o k
Þ H a s i l p e n e l it i a n m e n u n j u k k a n r o k o k b e r k a it a n
d e n g a n k a n k e r p a r u c a v u m o r is , ,
t e n g g o r o k a n la r in g f a r i n g p a n k r e a s d a n
, , ,
ka n du n g ke nM .
Þ Ha s il p e n e l it ia n te r ba ru ro ko k j u g a b e r k a it a n
de n ga n ka n ke r la m bu n g he pa
,
r ,
c e rv ix ,
u te ru s , g inj a l ,
s in u s n a sa l da n m y e lo id
le u k i m ia .
B Ke m a t ia n d in i ka re n a ro ko k ,
u s ia 13 t a h u n
p a d a l a k i la k i d a
-
n 14 t a h u n pa da w a n it a .
Da m p a k Ro k o k
Þ Bi a y a y a n g p e n g o b a t a n k a r e n a r o k o k m enca pa i
5 0 m i l i a r 7 0 m i l i a r US d o l a r p e r t a h u n .
Þ Ke ru g i a n k a r e n a h i l a n g n y a p r o d u k t iv it a s 5 0
m i l ia r U S d o la r p e r t a h u n
, Ju m l a h p e r o k o k p d s is w a SM A m a k in
m e n in g k a t Di A m
.
er ik a s e t ia p h a r i s e b a n y a k
30 0 0 j
rem a a u s la d i b a w a h 1 8 t a h u n m e n j a d i
p e r o k o k a k t if
} D l n e g a r a y g s e d a n g be r ke m ba n g m a s a la h
k e s e h a t a n a k iba t ro ko k m e n adl
j ha l yg pe n t in g
Pe m a k a i a n Ro k o k
Æ Le b i h d a r i 3 0 0 j u t a pe n d u d u k R RC
m e ru pa ka n pe ro ko k a k t if .
J i ka po t a r ne r o k p a d a p e n d u d u k du n i a
ok
b e r la n j u t k e m a t ia n p e r ta h u n a k ib a t r o k o k
,
a k a n rn e n i n g k a t d a r i 3 j u t a p e ll a h u n p a d a
ta hu n 19 9 0 rn e n a j d i 1 0 j u t a p e rl a h u n pa da
ta hu n 2 0 30 .
A k t i f i t a s Fi s i k
Þ A k t if it a s f i s i k m e m pu n y a i ba n ya k ke u n tu n gan
u n tu k ke s e ha t a n ,
m e lip u t i p e n u r u n a n r is ik o
ka n ke r k o lo n da n ka n ke r pa y u da ra da n ,
ke m u n g k in an pe n u r u n a n r is ik o k a n k e r p a r u
da n pro stat .
Þ Pe n u r u n a n k e m a t ia n d in i k a r e n p e n y a k it
a
k a r d io v as k u le r ,
h ipe rt e n s i Dia be t e s d a n
,
o steo po r o s is
Pe n g e n d a l i a n Be rat Ba d a n
\ Pe n g e n d a l i a n b e r l t b a d a rì d a n
i o b e s rt a s
m e r u p a k a n p r o b l e m d r U SA .
B s e k rt a 1 b l p e r s e n d e w a $ a 1 3 p e n e n .
a n a
a n a k d a n 14 p e r s e n t e m a j a m e n «} a l a m i
o v e r w e i g h t m e n Bn q k a t / k a l i l r p a t $ ¢ ) a \
,
t a h u n 19 8 0 .
1 D Bp e r k 1t a k a n o $ Bt a s m e nye b a b k a n 30 0 .
6) 0 0
ke n 1a t 1a n pe ï tahu n ,
Ke m a t 1a n b e r lk a Bt a n
d e n g a n D Ba b e t e s p e n y a \
.
1t jan ïu n g H 1p e r t e n w
.
da n k a n ke t .
D i e t Se h a t
Þ Die t k a y a p r o d u k n a ba t i d a n re n da h pro du k
he w a n i t e r bu kt i m e n u r u n ka n r is i k o p e n y a k it
d ia b e t e s d a n k a r d io v as k u le r .
A lko ho l
Þ t h e In t e r n a t i o n a l A g e n c y fo r Re s e a rc h o n
Ca n ce r ( 19 8 8 ) m e n y i m p u l k a n b a h w a a l k o h o l
m e r u p a k a n b a h a n k a r s in o g e n ik d a n
m e r u p a k a n f a kt o r r is ik o in d e p e n d e n u n t u k
k a n k e r h a t i d a n s a lu r a n c e r n a b a g ia n a t a s ,
m e n i n g k a t k a n r is i ko ka n k e r p a y u d a r a d a n
k e m u n g k i n a n k a n k e r k o lo n .
U s ia La j
n u t
* Pa d a l a n s ia s e b a g a i n b e s a r s u m b e r p o t e n s ia l
ba ha y a a d a la h d l r u m a h d a n p e n y e d ia a n s a r a n a
ke s e ha t a n
Þ Pr o b l e m spe s if ik ll p u t l p e n c a ha y a a n y a n g
m e
k u r a n g d i k o m b l n a s l d g s a k ta r l a m u t l d a k e t
p j as
t a n d a n y a a t a u t d k t e r llha t d i t e m a t
p g e la p
} Ja l a n y g t e r h a m b a t m i s a i o l e h t a l i k a r p e t y t l d a k
, g
ra t a ku r s l a t a u m e a
, j y g ku r a n g ko ko h m u d a h ,
be r g e s e r .
Þ K u r s l d a n t o i l e t y g r e n d a h Ke s u l l t
. a n u t k be r d ïr i
1 D a e r a h y g llc i n t e r u t a m a d i k a m
a r m a n dl
1 Ba t h t u b d a n s h o w er tan pa pe ga n ga n
U s ia M u d a
Þ Li f e s r y le d a n p e r s o n a l h a b i s b e l pe n g a r u h
b e s a r p a d a k e s e h a t a n i n d iv i d u .
Þ Te rm a su k p e r i l a k u d a ta m n a i k k e n d a r a a n
b e r m o t o r p e rn ilih a n j e n is m a k a n a n d a n
,
k e p u t u s a n m e r o k o k a t a u t id a k .
} Ha s i l p e n e lit ia n h a m p i r 2 0 p e r s e n a n a k u s ia
10 1 4 t a h u n j a r a n g a t a u t d k p e r n a h m e m a ka i
sa b u k p e n g a rn a n saat n ik m o b il .

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