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SIAE Alfoplus 2 PDF
SIAE Alfoplus 2 PDF
User Manual
MN.00273.E - 005
The information contained in this handbook is subject to change without notice.
Property of Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. All rights reserved according to the law and according to the inter-
national regulations. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
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Contents
Section 1.
USER GUIDE 7
Section 2.
DESCRIPTIONS AND SPECIFICATION 15
MN.00273.E - 005 1
6.4 POWER SUPPLY AND CABLE ...............................................................................47
6.4.1 PoE injector ...........................................................................................48
6.4.1.1 PoE injector functionality ...........................................................48
6.4.1.2 Code table...............................................................................49
6.4.1.3 Electrical characteristics ............................................................50
6.4.1.4 Connectors ..............................................................................50
6.4.1.5 Description of alarms ................................................................50
6.5 WAVEGUIDE FLANGE ........................................................................................51
6.6 MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS........................................................................52
6.7 SURGE AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION .................................................................52
6.8 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ..........................................................................52
Section 3.
INSTALLATION 83
8 INSTALLATION OF ALFOPlus....................................................................................83
8.1 GENERAL INFORMATION TO BE READ BEFORE THE INSTALLATION..........................83
8.2 GENERAL.........................................................................................................84
8.3 ELECTRICAL WIRING.........................................................................................84
8.4 CONNECTIONS TO THE SUPPLY MAINS ................................................................84
2 MN.00273.E - 005
8.5 GROUNDING CONNECTION ................................................................................85
8.5.1 Mounting instructions of grounding cable kit ICD00072F (universal - no tools).85
8.6 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED) .............................................87
8.7 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE ...............................................................................87
8.7.1 Standard coupling kit ..............................................................................87
8.8 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA .............87
8.8.1 ODU (Standard Lock) ..............................................................................87
8.8.1.1 1+0 ODU with integrated antenna ..............................................88
8.9 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH SEPARATED ANTENNA...............89
8.9.1 ODU (Standard Lock) ..............................................................................89
8.9.1.1 1+0 ODU with separated antenna...............................................89
8.9.1.2 Waveguide towards the antenna.................................................90
8.10 WAVEGUIDE BENDING ......................................................................................90
8.11 ACCESSORIES FOR INSTALLATION .....................................................................91
8.11.1 Installation procedure of optical box ..........................................................93
8.12 USER CONNECTORS........................................................................................ 100
8.12.1 Auxiliary connector ............................................................................... 101
8.12.2 RJ45 connector..................................................................................... 103
8.12.3 Optical connector .................................................................................. 113
8.12.4 Optical SFP mounting procedure ............................................................. 116
8.12.5 Optical SFP unmounting procedure .......................................................... 116
Section 4.
LINE-UP 123
MN.00273.E - 005 3
Section 5.
MAINTENANCE 143
Section 6.
PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION 149
Section 7.
COMPOSITION 155
Section 8.
RF CHARACTERISTICS 167
14 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................167
14.1 GENERALS ..................................................................................................... 167
4 MN.00273.E - 005
15 ALFOplus 7 GHZ CHARACTERISTICS.......................................................................168
15.1 FOREWORD ................................................................................................... 168
15.2 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 168
15.2.1 Available frequencies............................................................................. 168
15.2.2 Transmitter characteristics ..................................................................... 180
15.2.3 Receiver characteristics ......................................................................... 181
MN.00273.E - 005 5
22.2.1 Available frequencies............................................................................. 225
22.2.2 Transmitter characteristics ..................................................................... 227
22.2.3 Receiver characteristics ......................................................................... 228
Section 9.
LISTS AND SERVICES 229
25 ASSISTANCE SERVICE............................................................................................237
6 MN.00273.E - 005
Section 1.
USER GUIDE
1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
Via Buonarroti, 21 - Cologno (MI) - Italy
DECLARES
THAT THE PRODUCTS
MN.00273.E - 005 7
2 FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND SAFETY
RULES
Do not touch the bare hands until the circuit has been opened. pen the circuit by switching off the line
switches. If that is not possible protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the con-
ductor.
It is important to start mouth resuscitation at once and to call a doctor immediately. suggested procedure
for mouth to mouth resuscitation method is described in the Tab.1.
This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed while
artificial respiration is being applied (in this case there should be at least two persons present).
Warning
8 MN.00273.E - 005
Tab.1 - Artificial respiration
Lay the patient on his back with his arms parallel to the body.
If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his
1 stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patients
mouth and check that there is no foreign matter in mouth (den-
tures, chewing gum, etc.).
Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put an hand under
the patient’s head and one under his neck.
Shift the hand from the patient’s neck to his chin and his
mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers
closed together.
With your thumb between the patient’s chin and mouth keep
his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities
MN.00273.E - 005 9
2.2 SAFETY RULES
When the equipment units are provided with the plate, shown in Fig.1, it means that they contain compo-
nents electrostatic charge sensitive.
In order to prevent the units from being damaged while handling, it is advisable to wear an elasticized band
(Fig.2) around the wrist ground connected through coiled cord (Fig.3).
The units showing the label, shown in Fig.4, include laser diodes and the emitted power can be dangerous
for eyes; avoid exposure in the direction of optical signal emission.
10 MN.00273.E - 005
2.3 CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (WASTE ELECTRICAL &
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT)
(Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems). This
marking of Fig.5 shown on the product or its literature, indicates that it should not be disposed with other
household wastes at the end of its working life. To prevent possible harm to the environment or human
health from uncontrolled waste disposal, please separate this from other types of wastes and recycle it
responsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources. Household users should contact either
the retailer where they purchased this product, or their local government office, for details of where and
how they can take this item for environmentally safe recycling. Business users should contact their supplier
and check the terms and conditions of the purchase contract. This product should not be mixed with other
commercial wastes for disposal.
MN.00273.E - 005 11
3 PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MANUAL
The purpose of this manual consists in providing for the user information which permit to operate and
maintain the ALFOplus radio equipment.
Warning: This manual does not include information relevant to the SCT/WebLCT management program
windows and relevant application. They will provided by the program itself as help–on line.
The following knowledge and skills are required to operate the equipment:
• a basic understanding of microwave transmission
The manual is subdivided into sections each of them developing a specific topic entitling the section.
Each section consists of a set of chapters, enlarging the main subject master.
It provides the information about the main safety rules and expounds the purpose and the structure of the
manual.
It describes a general overview of the typical applications and in particular of the whole radio equipment.
Section 3 – Installation
The mechanical installation procedures are herein set down as well as the user electrical connections.
12 MN.00273.E - 005
Section 4 – Line–Up
Line–up procedures are described as well as checks to be carried out for the equipment correct operation.
The list of the instruments to be used and their characteristics are also set down.
Section 5 – Maintenance
The routine maintenance actions are described as well as fault location procedures in order to identify the
faulty unit and to re–establish the operation after its replacement with a spare one.
The ALFOplus radio is programmed and supervised using different software tools. Some of them are al-
ready available, some other will be available in the future. This section lists the tools implemented and
indicates if descriptions are already available.
Section 7 – Composition
Position, part numbers of the components the equipment consist of, are shown in this section.
Section 8 – RF characteristics
ALFOplus technical radio specifications, available for each frequency, are described in this section.
Lists of figures, list of tables and assistance service are shown in this section.
MN.00273.E - 005 13
14 MN.00273.E - 005
Section 2.
DESCRIPTIONS AND
SPECIFICATION
4 LIST OF ACRONYMS
- CF Coupling Flag
MN.00273.E - 005 15
- LLF Link Loss Forwarding
- NE Network Element
- OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance
- RF Radio Frequency
16 MN.00273.E - 005
5 SYSTEM PRESENTATION
5.1 GENERAL
ALFOplus is a full-outdoor and full IP digital radio system for point-to-point applications, used for high ca-
pacity Ethernet transport (1 Gbps). The frequency range is from 6 GHz up to 42 GHz with hitless adaptive
code modulation (from 4QAM up to 1024QAM).
There are two available versions for ALFOplus: Gigabit Electrical (GE) and Gigabit Optical (GO). This doc-
ument provides a general overview of ALFOplus (Access Link Full Outdoor) radio equipment.
5.2 APPLICATIONS
ALFOplus is the ideal solution in urban environments for all carrier-class applications in which the typical
requirements are Ethernet connections:
ALFOplus doesn’t need any indoor unit; power supply can be directly by POE+ through the data cable or
through a dedicated auxiliary port. It’s available 1+0 radio system configurable via software following two
versions of ALFOplus:
- LAN1 - 1x10/100/1000BaseT traffic and/or supervision port with clock, synchronism recovery
and PoE
- LAN2 - 1x10/100/1000BaseT supervision and/or traffic port with clock and synchronism recov-
ery
- LAN2 - 1x100/1000BaseT supervision and/or traffic port with clock, synchronism recovery and
PoE
depending on software configuration made for each port LAN1 and LAN2.
MN.00273.E - 005 17
5.2.1 Functionality
SIAE ALFOplus radio system presents the same functionalities of a “switch” (Layer 2).
ALFOplus radio system is able to forward Virtual LAN in transparent way or to manage incoming traffic fil-
tering it or tagging it or dividing it in different VLAN. Traffic Flow control and Traffic priority capabilities can
be enabled or disabled via LAN software.
• Flexible QoS based on VLAN (IEEE 802.1p), MPLS Exp BIT, ToS/DSCP (IPV4 or IPV6) per Port,
802.1p rewrite with MPLS
• Queue Packet with Drop Policy: Tail Drop, Queue Drop, Red, Wred/Strict, WFQ, Mixed
• Ethernet Frame Fragmentation
• Complete Synchronisation Management IEEE 1588 v2 precision time protocol and SSM G8264
(quality SyncE)
5.3 PROGRAMMABILITY
ALFOplus radio system is managed by a microprocessor that makes it totally programmable via software
to perform the following functions:
- Link ID
- routing table
18 MN.00273.E - 005
- user manager (password, user, SNMP login)
- permanent Tx Off
- S/N measure
- software update
- SNTP alignment
- Tx transmitter OFF
- baseband loop
• synchronisation
More links can be managed by LAN access (see Section 6. PROGRAMMING AND SUPERVISION).
MN.00273.E - 005 19
254 mm
254 mm
157 mm
20 MN.00273.E - 005
6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Frequency band
Duplex Spacing Channel number Subbands
(GHz)
6L ITU-R F.383-8 and CEPT REC 14-01E - 252.04 MHz 3CH @ 29.65MHz 4
11 CEPT T/R 12-06 and ITU-R F387-10 - 490/530 MHz 4CH @ 40MHz 3
MN.00273.E - 005 21
15 CEPT - 315 MHz 3CH @ 28MHz 5
23 ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 3 CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 2
26 ITU-R F.748 - Annex 1 and CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz 16CH @ 28MHz 2
32 ITU-R F.1520 and CEPT Rec (01)02 - 812 MHz 10CH @ 28MHz 3
38 ITU-R F.749 and CEPT Rec T/R 12-01 - 1260 MHz 20CH @ 28MHz 2
- Safety EN60950
22 MN.00273.E - 005
6.2 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
- Tolerance ± 2dB
Tab.3 - Tx power
Frequency Band
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(GHz)
6 28 28 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 23
7 28 28 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 23
8 28 28 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 23
10.5 28 28 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 23
11 27 27 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 22
13 27 27 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 22
15 27 27 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 22
17 22 22 20 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 17
18 23 23 21 21 19 19 19 19 19 19 18
23 23 23 21 21 19 19 19 19 19 19 18
26 22 22 20 20 18 18 18 18 18 18 17
28 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 17 16
32 20 20 18 18 16 16 16 16 16 16 15
38 19 19 17 17 15 15 15 15 15 15 14
42 17 17 15 15 13 13 13 13 13 13 12
- Automatic transmit power control (ATPC range 20 dB, implemented in 1dB step
- Remote transmit power control (RTPC range 20 dB, implemented
MN.00273.E - 005 23
Tab.4 - Receiver thresholds (interleave enabled)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5
7
BER=10-10 -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
-6
BER=10 -94.5 -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -83.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -67.5
10
BER=10-10 -92.5 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
BER=10-6 -94.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
14
BER=10-10 -92.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
-6
BER=10 -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0
28
-10
BER=10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
BER=10-6 -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
30
-10
BER=10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
-6
BER=10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5
56
BER=10-10 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
6 GHz
Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
7
BER=10-10 -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
-6
BER=10 -92.5 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
10
BER=10-10 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
BER=10-6 -92.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
14
-10
BER=10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
BER=10-6 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
28
BER=10-10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
-6
BER=10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
30
BER=10-10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.5
BER=10-6 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
56
-10
BER=10 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
24 MN.00273.E - 005
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5
7
-10
BER=10 -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
BER=10-6 -94.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
14
BER=10-10 -92.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
-6
BER=10 -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0
28
BER=10-10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
BER=10-6 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5
56
BER=10-10 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
7 GHz
Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
7
BER=10-10 -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
-6
BER=10 -92.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
14
BER=10-10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
BER=10-6 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
28
-10
BER=10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
BER=10-6 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
56
BER=10-10 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
MN.00273.E - 005 25
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
7
-10
BER=10 -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5
BER=10-6 -94.0 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.0
10
BER=10-10 -92.0 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.0
-6
BER=10 -94.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
14
BER=10-10 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
BER=10-6 -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
28
BER=10-10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
-6
BER=10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.0 -63.0
30
-10
BER=10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
BER=10-6 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -61.5
40
-10
BER=10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
BER=10-6 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
56
11 BER=10-10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
7
BER=10-10 -91.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0
-6
BER=10 -92.0 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.0
10
BER=10-10 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0
BER=10-6 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
14
-10
BER=10 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
BER=10-6 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
28
BER=10-10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.5
-6
BER=10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
30
BER=10-10 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0
BER=10-6 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
40
-10
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
BER=10-6 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
56
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
26 MN.00273.E - 005
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
7
-10
BER=10 -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
BER=10-6 -94.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
14
BER=10-10 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
-6
BER=10 -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
28
BER=10-10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
BER=10-6 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
56
13 BER=10-10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
7
BER=10-10 -91.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0
-6
BER=10 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
14
BER=10-10 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
BER=10-6 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
28
-10
BER=10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.5
BER=10-6 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
56
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
MN.00273.E - 005 27
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
7
-10
BER=10 -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
BER=10-6 -94.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
14
BER=10-10 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
-6
BER=10 -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
28
BER=10-10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
BER=10-6 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
56
15 BER=10-10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
7
BER=10-10 -91.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0
-6
BER=10 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
14
BER=10-10 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
BER=10-6 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
28
-10
BER=10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.5
BER=10-6 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
56
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
28 MN.00273.E - 005
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
7
-10
BER=10 -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
BER=10-6 -92.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
14
BER=10-10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
-6
BER=10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
28
BER=10-10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
BER=10-6 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
56
17 BER=10-10 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
7
BER=10-10 -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5
-6
BER=10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 76.0 72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
14
BER=10-10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5
BER=10-6 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
28
-10
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
BER=10-6 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
56
BER=10-10 -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.4
MN.00273.E - 005 29
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5
7
-10
BER=10 -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
BER=10-6 -93.5 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
10
BER=10-10 -91.5 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
-6
BER=10 -93.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
14
BER=10-10 -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
BER=10-6 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
20
BER=10-10 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
-6
BER=10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.0 -63.0
28
-10
BER=10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
BER=10-6 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0 -66.5 -62.5
30
-10
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
BER=10-6 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.0
40
BER=10-10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.0
-6
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
50
BER=10-10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
BER=10-6 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
56
-10
18 BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
7
-10
BER=10 -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5
BER=10-6 -91.5 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
10
BER=10-10 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
-6
BER=10 -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
14
BER=10-10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5
BER=10-6 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
20
-10
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.0 -67.0 -64.0 -60.0
BER=10-6 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
28
BER=10-10 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0
-6
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
30
BER=10-10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
BER=10-6 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -89.0
40
-10
BER=10 -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
BER=10-6 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
50
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
-6
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
56
-10
BER=10 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
30 MN.00273.E - 005
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5
7
-10
BER=10 -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
BER=10-6 -93.5 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
10
BER=10-10 -91.5 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
-6
BER=10 -93.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
14
BER=10-10 -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
BER=10-6 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
20
BER=10-10 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
-6
BER=10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.0 -63.0
28
-10
BER=10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
BER=10-6 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0 -66.5 -62.5
30
-10
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
BER=10-6 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.0
40
BER=10-10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.0
-6
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
50
BER=10-10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
BER=10-6 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
56
-10
23 BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
7
-10
BER=10 -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5
BER=10-6 -91.5 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
10
BER=10-10 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
-6
BER=10 -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
14
BER=10-10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5
BER=10-6 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
20
-10
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.0 -67.0 -64.0 -60.0
BER=10-6 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
28
BER=10-10 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0
-6
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
30
BER=10-10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
BER=10-6 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -89.0
40
-10
BER=10 -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
BER=10-6 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
50
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
-6
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
56
-10
BER=10 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
MN.00273.E - 005 31
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
7
-10
BER=10 -91.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0
BER=10-6 -92.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
14
BER=10-10 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
-6
BER=10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
28
BER=10-10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.5
BER=10-6 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
56
26 BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -91.0 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0
7
BER=10-10 -89.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0
-6
BER=10 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
14
BER=10-10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.0 -67.0 -64.0 -60.0
BER=10-6 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.5
28
-10
BER=10 -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.5
BER=10-6 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
56
BER=10-10 -82.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.0 -70.0 -67.5 -64.5 -61.0 -58.5 -54.0
32 MN.00273.E - 005
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
7
-10
BER=10 -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
BER=10-6 -92.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
14
BER=10-10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
-6
BER=10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
28
BER=10-10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
BER=10-6 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
56
28 BER=10-10 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
7
BER=10-10 -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5
-6
BER=10 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
14
BER=10-10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5
BER=10-6 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
28
-10
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
BER=10-6 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
56
BER=10-10 -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.5
MN.00273.E - 005 33
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0
7
-10
BER=10 -90.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0
BER=10-6 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
10
BER=10-10 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
-6
BER=10 -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0
14
BER=10-10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.0 -68.0 -65.0 -61.0
BER=10-6 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5
20
BER=10-10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.5 -59.5
-6
BER=10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
28
-10
BER=10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
BER=10-6 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
30
-10
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
BER=10-6 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
40
BER=10-10 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
-6
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
50
BER=10-10 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
BER=10-6 -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
56
-10
32 BER=10 -83.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0 -59.5 -55.0
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -90.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0
7
-10
BER=10 -88.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0
BER=10-6 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
10
BER=10-10 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -69.5 -67.0 -64.0 -60.0
-6
BER=10 -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.0 -68.0 -65.0 -61.0
14
BER=10-10 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.0 -66.0 -63.0 -59.0
BER=10-6 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.5 -69.5 -66.5 -63.5 -59.5
20
-10
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -67.5 -64.5 -61.5 -57.5
BER=10-6 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
28
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.5
-6
BER=10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
30
BER=10-10 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -56.0
BER=10-6 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
40
-10
BER=10 -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.5
BER=10-6 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
50
BER=10-10 -81.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -69.5 -67.0 -64.0 -60.5 -58.0 -53.5
-6
BER=10 -83.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0 -59.5 -55.0
56
-10
BER=10 -81.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -69.0 -66.5 -63.5 -60.0 -57.5 -53.0
34 MN.00273.E - 005
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
7
-10
BER=10 -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5
BER=10-6 -91.5 -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
10
BER=10-10 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
-6
BER=10 -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
14
BER=10-10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5
BER=10-6 -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.0
20
BER=10-10 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.0 -67.0 -64.0 -60.0
-6
BER=10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
28
-10
BER=10 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0
BER=10-6 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
30
-10
BER=10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
BER=10-6 -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.0
40
BER=10-10 -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
-6
BER=10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
50
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
BER=10-6 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
56
-10
38 BER=10 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5
7
-10
BER=10 -88.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5
BER=10-6 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.0 -75.5 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
10
BER=10-10 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5
-6
BER=10 -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5
14
BER=10-10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.5 -59.5
BER=10-6 -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.0 -67.0 -64.0 -60.0
20
-10
BER=10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.0 -65.0 -62.0 -58.0
BER=10-6 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0
28
BER=10-10 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -57.0
-6
BER=10 -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
30
BER=10-10 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.5
BER=10-6 -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
40
-10
BER=10 -83.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0 -59.5 -55.0
BER=10-6 -84.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.0 -72.0 -69.5 -66.5 -63.0 -60.5 -56.0
50
BER=10-10 -82.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.0 -70.0 -67.5 -64.5 -61.0 -58.5 -54.0
-6
BER=10 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
56
-10
BER=10 -81.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -69.5 -67.0 -64.0 -60.5 -58.0 -53.5
MN.00273.E - 005 35
Radio Nominal RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
7
-10
BER=10 -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5
BER=10-6 -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
14
BER=10-10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5
-6
BER=10 -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
28
BER=10-10 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
BER=10-6 -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
56
42 BER=10-10 -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.5
GHz Radio Guaranteed RSL
Physical Mode
Threshold (dBm)
Channel bandwidth
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
MHz
BER=10-6 -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5
7
BER=10-10 -87.5 -85.0 -81.5 78.5 76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5
-6
BER=10 -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5
14
BER=10-10 -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.5 -58.5
BER=10-6 -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
28
-10
BER=10 -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -72.0 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -56.0
BER=10-6 -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 54.5
56
BER=10-10 -80.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -68.5 -66.0 -63.0 -59.5 -57.0 -52.5
6 6
7 6
11 6.5
13 6.5
15 6.5
17 8
18 7
23 7
26 8.5
28 8
36 MN.00273.E - 005
Frequency Band (GHz) Noise Figure (dB)
32 9.5
38 9
42 10
ALFOplus ODU’s implement an adaptive modulation algorithm to improve the system gain when the quality
of the received signal become insufficient to guarantee an error free link.
MN.00273.E - 005 37
32QAM -3.75 17.2 20.2 3 24.7 5 24.45 6.25
38 MN.00273.E - 005
256QAM -4.125 25.7 28.2 2.5 33.3 4.5 33.3 5.1
MN.00273.E - 005 39
Power BER 10-6 Down-shift Margin Up-shift Margin Up-shift Margin
56MHz Bandwidth
(Estim.) (Estim.) (Estim.) (Estim.) (Estim.) (Estim.) (Estim.) (Estim.)
a. ALFOplus42 = 36.2 dB
b. ALFOplus42 = 34.7 dB
Ethernet interface
All ports can be “transmitters or sources” of the synchronism through Synchronous Ethernet.
- Ethernet connectors IEEE 802.3 10/100/1000BaseT RJ45
IEEE 802.3 100/1000BaseX LC
40 MN.00273.E - 005
Tab.8 - Guaranteed Ethernet Latency (ms) for ALFOplus
Bandwidth (MHz) 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1K QAM
Bandwidth (MHz) 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1K QAM
Bandwidth (MHz) 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1K QAM
Bandwidth (MHz) 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1K QAM
MN.00273.E - 005 41
One way delay (msec) Packet size 512 bytes
Bandwidth (MHz) 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1K QAM
Bandwidth (MHz) 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1K QAM
Bandwidth (MHz) 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1K QAM
42 MN.00273.E - 005
One way delay (msec) Packet size 10000 bytes
Tab.9 - Guaranteed Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s) for ALFOplus without Ethernet compression
and fragmentation
MN.00273.E - 005 43
Frame size (byte)
Bandwidth (MHz) Modulation
64 128 256 512 1024 1518 10000
44 MN.00273.E - 005
Frame size (byte)
Bandwidth (MHz) Modulation
64 128 256 512 1024 1518 10000
MN.00273.E - 005 45
Frame size (byte)
Bandwidth (MHz) Modulation
64 128 256 512 1024 1518 10000
46 MN.00273.E - 005
6.3.1 Ethernet optical interface characteristics
The optical interface can be specialized for the different applications by insertion of the proper transceiver
on the unit.
Optical Transmit Power -3 ÷ -9.5 dBm -2 ÷ -9.5 dBm -14 ÷ -22 dBm
Connectors Type LC
ALFOplus unit is compatible with standard POE + IEEE 802.at (with exceeding maximum power). Power
supply can be provided at the LAN1 (ALFOplus GE) or LAN2 (ALFOplus GO).
In case of external PoE injector, verify that it has overcurrent protection. Power supply can be provided at
the LAN interface or at an auxiliary separated connector at the same time. The maximum length of CAT5e
cable (that carries data+PoE) is 100m.
6 t.b.d. t.b.d.
7 37 39
8 37 39
11 35 37
MN.00273.E - 005 47
Power consumption (W)
13 37 39
15 37 39
17 37 39
18 33.5 35
23 33.5 35
26 t.b.d. t.b.d.
32 t.b.d. t.b.d.
38 34 36
42 t.b.d. t.b.d.
In any case, for other different needs, a dedicated auxiliary port (5 pin connector) provides power supply
48Volt (see Fig.60). For installation, please use rugged and waterproof cable.
Code Description
The equipment presented in this paragraph is a SIAE IDU that provides power to the ODU ALFOplus
through the LAN cable.
SIAE Passive PoE Injector is a complete power management hot-swap with alarm indicators (over-current
protection, excess-voltage and under-voltage lockout). The Ethernet traffic from “DATA” connector (input)
is overlaid with power supply 48Volt into “DATA&Power” connector (Output). Below the details:
48 MN.00273.E - 005
Fig.7 - C60507 (48Vin 2 ports PoE injector)
Description Code
MN.00273.E - 005 49
6.4.1.3 Electrical characteristics
6.4.1.4 Connectors
Tab.15 - Connectors
ODU RJ45
On On Cable open
50 MN.00273.E - 005
6.5 WAVEGUIDE FLANGE
Tab.17 - Type
6 UDR 70
7 UBR 84
8 UBR 84
11 UBR 100
13 UDR 120
15 UDR 140
18 UBR 220
23 UBR 220
26 UBR 220
32 UBR 320
38 UBR 320
42 UBR 500
7 MHz 10
14 MHz 10
28 MHz 10
40 MHz 5
56 MHz 5
MN.00273.E - 005 51
6.6 MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tab.19 - Dimensions
Solar shield on the ODU guarantees an additional protection against temperature increase.
52 MN.00273.E - 005
7 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
7.1 GENERAL
SIAE ALFOplus is a radio system for digital link in full outdoor mechanics.
ALFOplus (Access Link Full Outdoor) microwave radio system is available in various frequency ranges from
6 to 42 GHz.
The Outdoor Unit can be easily installed and configured owing to its:
• reduced size
• low consumption.
The first description given in the following first concerns the circuitry common to all the versions, then that
of the line interfaces will follow.
The ALFOplus consists of two PCB housed in a small size aluminium cabinet:
or
The description that follows (see Fig.10 and Fig.11) details the block diagrams of electrical and optical ver-
sion.
MN.00273.E - 005 53
54
.
CONN LO
Ge LAN2 Surge protection RAM
& magnetics
DA Filter
MOD
2xSync
DA Filter
SWD GMII FPGA
GMII
PW
Surge protection,
Ge LAN1
magnetics,
QSPI
Poe splitter ADC
MII
ADC °C
Aux Pwr Supply
PWM
Fig.10 - ALFOplus GE
Microcontroller
LO
Main DC/DC,
Aux DC/DC ADC Vga Filter Down converter,
DEM
RAM SSD Filter Agc
ADC Vga
MN.00273.E - 005
MN.00273.E - 005
Go LAN1 (SFP 1000BaseX) RAM CONN. LO
DAC Filter
MOD
GMII DAC Filter
Surge GMII FPGA
Ge LAN2 protection, SWD GMII
magnetics, PHY PWM
PoE splitter
QSPI
ADC
MII
ADC °C
Aux Pwr Supply
PWM
Fig.11 - ALFOplus GO
Microcontroller
LO
Main DC/DC,
Aux DC/DC ADC Vga Filter Down converter,
DEM
RAM SSD ADC Vga Filter Agc
55
7.1.2 Baseband processor
• I, Q demodulator
• Rx baseband filtering
• Actuators and measurement points for TRx unit
• FPGA
• Controller
7.1.2.1 Firmware
Equipment software permits to control and manage all the equipment functionality and it is distributed on
two hardware levels: main controller and ODU peripheral controllers.
Firmware can be updated through the Web Lct and it is stored in two different memory benches: one con-
taining the running firmware and the other the stand-by firmware. This permits to download a new firm-
ware release to the stand-by bench without cutting the traffic. Use “Bench Switch” to activate the bench
in stand-by (SW restart will be performed).
The Web Lct is a web interface software already present in the ALFOPlus, which requires Adobe Flash Player
and allows the configuration and the management of the local radio, using LAN Port Management. When
the remote one is configured properly, the whole link can be managed. WEB Lct runs on any browser (In-
ternet Explorer or Firefox are recommended). Web Lct console is a free software downloadable from the
site www.siaemic.com after registration.
• Tx baseband filtering
• I, Q modulator
• frequency synthesizer
• IF devices on Rx side
56 MN.00273.E - 005
7.1.4 Switch for Ethernet ports
Inside ALFOplus is present an Ethernet switch with 2 external ports line side (electrical 10/100/1000BaseT
or optical 100/1000BaseFX), one internal radio port and one port towards controller (see Fig.12).
Internal port is represented by the local radio stream where through native Ethernet transport is connected
with the remote equipment.
Microcontroller
Ethernet
packet switch
10/100BaseT Port A
LAN1 1000BaseT Radio
1+0
10/100/1000BaseT
LAN2
Switch function
ALFOplus can operate like a switch between two or more separated LANs with the following advantages:
• to connect two separate LANs
• to keep separated the traffic into two LANs towards MAC filtering to get a total traffic greater than
the traffic in a single LAN.
By default the routing works on basis Mac Address (Layer 2), but it can be enabled on basis VLAN ID, in
Web Lct - Ethernet switch (Enh) - Common Parameters.
The operation is the following: when a LAN port receives a MAC frame, on the basis of destination address,
it decides which LAN to send it:
• otherwise the frame is sent to all ports with the same VLAN ID (flooding).
Take account the value of Max Packet Size (byte) when “802.1Q setting” is set as DISABLE or FALLBACK
the switch adds 4 Bytes for internal S_Tag. With 802.1Q setting in SECURE (that means that packet VID
must be contained in Virtual LAN table list, otherwise the packet is discarded), no internal TAGs are added.
With electrical interface, in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan, Speed/Duplex can be manually or automatically
activated as half Duplex or Full Duplex 10/100/1000Base-T, while with optical interface, Speed Duplex can
be set as Full Duplex 100/1000Base-X.
Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) is an alarm status of Ethernet interface. LLF can be enabled or disabled.
MN.00273.E - 005 57
If LLF is enabled, any linkdown alarm will generate the alarm status of Ethernet interface blocking any
transmission to it. LLF can be enabled for each ports.
With LLF enabled the equipment connected (routers, switches so on) can be notified that radio link is not
available and can temporarily re-route the traffic.
MDI/MDIX cross-over
For each LAN interface, cross-over cable can be set in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan - Cable Crossover as:
• Auto - Lan recognizes automatically the connected cable type (Straight cable or Crossover cable)
VLAN functionality
ALFOplus works with IEEE 802.1q and 802.1p tag. Tag is made up with:
• 1 fixed bit
Switch cross-connections are based on Vlan Configuration Table where input and output ports or only out-
put ports should be defined for any used VID. Vlan ID (VID) has a range from 1 to 4095.
A network device asks its adjacent devices to send a pause frame because the input is faster it can process.
The protocol used for this purpose is the flow control (802.2x).
Port Based VLan (or Lan Per Port) allows to share the Ethernet traffic (Ingress or Egress) in the internal
SIAE switch.
7.1.5 Synchronisation
Into ALFOplus a synchronisation circuit, called SincE and defined by the standard G.8264, gets the syn-
chronisation signal from the following different sources:
• LAN1
• LAN2
• radio
• Internal source
As shown in Fig.13 the clocks extracted from the sources are sent to a selection circuit that chooses one
of the signals depending on the control sent by a selection logic.
This latter acts on the base of alarm roots (Synch Loss, Synch Drift, Holdover Freerunning), on the base
of assigned priority, manual forcing and preferential switch.
58 MN.00273.E - 005
The selected clock drives an oscillator through a PLL circuit. The oscillator will generate the required syn-
chronisation for the frame generation. If no input signals are available the internal oscillator source is used
for the local restart.
Alarms
Synchronisation Clock Selector Sync Loss
Source
Sync Drift
Status
TE LAN-1
TE LAN-2
T0 Reference
T2 Radio Clk PLL
Circuit
Internal Clock
Selection Logical
Force Switch
Priority Control
Preferential Switch
ACM profiles
In ALFOplus radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modu-
lation profile depending on the Rx signal quality. Available ACM profiles are the following:
• 4QAM strong
• 4QAM
• 16QAM strong
• 16QAM
• 32QAM
• 64QAM
• 128QAM
• 256QAM
• 512QAM
• 1024QAM.
MN.00273.E - 005 59
These profiles operate in an RF channel with the following bandwidth:
• 7 MHz
• 10 MHz
• 14 MHz
• 20 MHz
• 28 MHz
• 30 MHz
• 40 MHz
• 50 MHz
• 56 MHz
ACM switching
The usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity.
The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio.
• Upshift - When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modu-
lation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 1024QAM increasing the spectral
efficiency
• Downshift - When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the mod-
ulation is reduced in the direction from 1024QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,
In order to configure properly the radio link using ACM facility, an optimization must be found between
max traffic during good propagation conditions and max availability during bad propagation conditions. To
obtain this purpose the ACM in ALFOplus family can be configured via software setting the following pa-
rameters: ACM setting and Tx Power mode.
ACM setting
The ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through software
configuration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation.
• Upper modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (high
Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: the
highest modulation profile that ACM can employ
• Lower modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (low
Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: the
lowest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Tx Power Ramp
Tx Power Ramp function permits to set Tx power according to the available modulation profiles.
The Tx Power Ramp is set depending on the modulation license of the user and depending on the Lower
Modulation that has been set.
60 MN.00273.E - 005
7.1.7 ATPC and ACM interaction
The Automatic Transmission Power Control (ATPC) regulates the RF output power of the local transmitter
depending on the value of the RF level at the remote terminal. This value has to be preset from the local
terminal as threshold high and low. The difference between the two thresholds must be equal or higher
than 3 dB.
As soon as the received level crosses the preset threshold level low due to the increase of the hop atten-
uation, a microprocessor (µP), embedded in the ALFOplus, at the receiver side of the remote terminal
sends back to the local terminal a control to increase the transmitted power.
A good set of the thresholds is to put the ATPC Low Level threshold higher (or even slightly higher) than
the threshold of the highest modulation scheme of the ACM; this way, the ATPC start to work before than
the received signal is reduced and by consequence will force the system to downgrade the modulation. The
behaviour of the system is to always try to increase the PTX and so the System Gain, before than being
forced to reduce capacity due to modulation downgrade.
Resuming, the correct setting of the thresholds is when the two windows, the ATPC one and the ACM one,
are not overlapped, as per Fig.14.
Local Remote
Remote PRx
dBm Tx Rx
Threshold
highest ACM
profile
ACM
range
PTx max.
ATPC range
PTx min.
MN.00273.E - 005 61
7.2 LOOPS
To control the equipment correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The com-
mands are forwarded by the WEBLCT program. The available loop facilities are:
• Baseband loop
PHYSICAL ALFOplus
ETHERNET
PORT
BBP-GE RADIO
Tx
BASE
LINE
BAND
LOOP
LOOP
Rx
In SIAE equipment it is possible to apply the Rate Limit, i.e. to limit the total rate passing through an in-
terface. It is possible to apply the rate limiting from 64 kbit/s up to the maximum port speed (up to 1GE).
The values that can be inserted are pre-fixed from 64 kbit up to 10Mbit (64Kb, 128kb, 256kb, 512kb, 1Mb,
2Mb, 3Mb, 4Mb, 5Mb, 6Mb, 7Mb, 8Mb and 9Mb), In the range from 10Mbit/s up to 1Gbit/s the limiting val-
ues can be chosen by the user with a 10Mbit/s step. i.e. the minimum selectable granularity is 10Mb/s.
SIAE equipment allows limiting the ingress traffic rate on the basis of:
• LAN port (Bandwidth profile per UNI): a different profile is defined for each LAN port (VLAN ID and
priority are not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm)
• VLAN (Bandwidth profile per EVC): a different profile is defined for different VLANs (priority is not
considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm). Up to 64 VLAN can be managed with different
profiles.
• VLAN + priority (Bandwidth profile per CoS): a different profile is defined for different couples
VLAN+priorities (up to 64 different cases can be managed). In this case the packet priority is always
considered by the rate limiting algorithm. More than one priority can be included in the same band-
width profile.
62 MN.00273.E - 005
In general different criteria can be defined for each port/VLAN/priority. Up to 64 Ingress Filtering Policy
resources can be defined and each bandwidth profile defined on the basis either of LAN port, VLAN or
VLAN+priority consumes 1 of such resources.
In order to define the bandwidth profile, the following parameters must be configured:
• CIR (Committed Information rate): it is the admitted ingress rate (“green” coloured), with values
between 0 kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s
• CBS (Committed Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the green packets, with
values between 0 byte and 128 kbyte.
• EIR (Excess Information Rate): it is maximum ingress rate admitted when possible (“yellow” col-
oured), with values between 0kbit/s and 1Gbit/s.
• EBS (Excess Burst Rate): it is maximum size of the token bucket of the yellow packets, with values
between 0 byte and 128 kbyte.
• CF (Coupling Flag): if enabled, the excess token (if any) charged into the green bucket are moved
into the yellow packet bucket.
Red packets, i.e. the ones exceeding the CIR+EIR rate, are automatically discarded. In other words, the
rate obtained with the sum of CIR+EIR is the maximum rate allowed to be transmitted.
The combination of CIR and EIR rates is typically referred to as PIR, or Peak Information Rate, which
represents the total burstable bandwidth sold to the customer.
According to MEF 10.2 (Metro Ethernet Forum) specifications, the “bandwidth profile” service attribute (In-
put Filter Policing), which includes some or all of the above categories, can be defined per UNI, per EVC or
per CoS identifier (CoS ID; EVC.CoS). For any given frame, however, only one such model can apply. The
service provider meets the bandwidth guarantees by reserving appropriate network resources and employ-
ing a two-rate/three-colour (trTCM) rate-limitation methodology as part of its traffic engineering policy to
ensure compliance by user traffic.
For any port it is possible to add a Input Filter Policy table with this selections:
• Disable
• Disable: you can select only Uni Port Based with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
• Fallback: two selections 1) EVC C_Vid Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with CIR, EIR, CBS and
EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with priority range,
CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
• Secure: two selections 1) EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based: applied to a SVLAN S_Vid and a CVLAN C_Vid
with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a
SVLAN S_Vid and CVLAN C_Vid with priority range, CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Into switch there is a total of 64 instances of Input Filter Policing for all the four ports into any radio port.
Any CVID can be used into only one port.
Into same port same CVID can be reused but with different priority.
MN.00273.E - 005 63
Enhanced QoS Management
The SIAE switch scheduler provides enhanced QoS management features. Based on the ingress port (and
optionally also as a function of the VLAN-ID), there are four different modes that can be used to set the
priority of an Ethernet frame:
• Ethernet: the priority is set based on the PCP (Priority Code Point) field of the VLAN tag
(IEEE802.1p) (Native 802.1p C_Vid)
• MPLS: the priority is set based on the EXP (Experimental Bit) field of the MPLS tag (Native MPLS)
• IP: the priority is set based on the DSCP field of the either IPv4 or IPv6 (Native ToS/DSCP)
• Default: the priority is set in a static mode and its value is configurable based on the Entering LAN
interface. This Default configuration is a “Port Based” Priority with default priority value of 0 (lowest
priority). These priority values can be configured by the user within the range from 0 (lowest prior-
ity) up to 7 (higher priority). The Default mode is also used when all the other criteria are not ap-
plicable.
It is in addition possible to map the EXP quality of the MPLS label into the PCP field of the outer VLAN tag
(802.1p Rewrite with MPLS). Once the priority is assigned, the packet is sent to one of the 8 output queues.
The size of each one of the 8 queues is configurable with one value between the following seven options:
128kbit, 256kbit, 512kbit, 1024kbit, 2048kbit, 4096kbit and 8192kbit.
On the basis of the filling status of the queue, different drop-policy can be applied. In SIAE switch there
are four available policies:
• Tail drop: if the packet is arriving into a full queue, it will be discarded
• Queue drop: if a new packet is arriving into a full queue, the whole queue is emptied (with the ex-
ception of the head packet)
• RED: when a new packet is arriving into the queue it has a discarding-probability that is function of
the filling status of the queue. the relation between the probability and the queue status is defined
by means of a SW configurable curve. If the queue is full, the new packet is discarded with proba-
bility 1 (like in the Tail drop case).
• WRED: it is similar to RED, with the difference that for each queue two drop’s curves are defined.
the packet in ingress is coloured according to MEF 10.2, i.e.e according to the CIR and EIR ingress
filtering policy defined. As a consequence, WRED can be chosen only if CIR/EIR Ingress filtering pol-
icy is enabled for the ingress port. Once coloured, “red” packets are always discarded, while “green”
and “Yellow” packets are managed according to different curves.
The traffic in the queues is then emptied by means of either Strict priority or Weighted Fair Queue algo-
rithm. With the Strict Priority the highest priority takes always precedence. With WFQ the available band-
width is shared between the different priorities with configurable weights. It is in addition possible to
configure at the same time some queues as Strict Priority and the remaining as WFQ.
• Strict Priority: first, all the packets from the highest priority queue are transmitted, then all the
packets from the second queue, and so on.
• Weighted Fair Queueing (W.F.Q.): the packets are sent on the radio following a rule based on the
weight assigned to each Queue.
Each queue “i” with WFQ is given a weight (importance) Wi.
WFQ guarantees a minimum service rate to queue “i”
Ri = R*Wi/(W1+W2+....+Wn) [Rate of the queue i]
Where:
R = rate of the servant (capacity available on the MW link)
W i= weight of the Queue taken in consideration
Wn = weight of the last Queue with WFQ enabled
This means that the rate of the queue is a fraction of the total bandwidth that depends
on the weight assigned to the Queue.
64 MN.00273.E - 005
Fig.16 -
Means that the Serving Priority of the frames present in the queues will be:
• the packets present in the Queue 7 will be transmitted with a Race 8/35
• the packets present in the Queue 6 will be transmitted with a race 8/35
• ......
• the packets present in the Queue 0 will be transmitted with a rate 1/35.
The Congestion Avoidance is a method that permits to discard some frames before congestion occurs.
When the queue is full there is a congestion situation, this means that the resources are not enough to
serve all the packets and there is not enough room in the queue for more storage. In this case some packet
must be dropped. The choice of the dropping policy has different effects on the network. In case of con-
gestion, the TCP/IP protocol reduces the transmitting windows and therefore the amount of traffic trans-
mitted. The TCP/IP protocol increases the transmitting window very slowly to allow the network to solve
the congestion issues.
This means that, when congestion occurs, some selective dropping has to be done.
• Tail: in this case the last packets that come to the full queue are dropped (default configuration)
• Queue: in this case all the queue is emptied, i.e. all the packets present in the Queue are dropped
• Red: Random Early Discard: with this policy, before the Queue is full some incoming packets are
dropped randomly regardless if the frames are marked yellow or green (for more details on yellow
or green frames please refer to the paragraph 7.3.2 Ingress filtering policy (CIR/EIR according to
MEF 10.2))
• WRed: Weighted Random early Discard: with this policy, before the Queue is full some incoming
packets are dropped randomly. First are dropped the packets coloured in yellow and then are
dropped the packet coloured in green, see Fig.17.
MN.00273.E - 005 65
Fig.17 - Red curve
Once WRed is enabled the threshold of Smin Smax and Pmax for the Green and Yellow frames have to be set.
The value set the points of the curve shown in Fig.17. There are some predetermined profiles to be ena-
bled:
• Profile 1:
- Smin= 30
- Smax=60
- Pmax=10
• Profile 2:
- Smin= 20
- Smax=40
- Pmax=10
These profiles can be set for the Yellow Frames (Y) and Green Frames (G) as well. These values represent:
• Smin: represents the threshold after which the switch starts dropping packets
• Sman and Pmax: are the thresholds that makes the curve of “Drop Percentage”/”Average Queue Oc-
cupation” change. After this point the dropping packets increase rapidly.
• “Red Gentle”: after the point represented by Smax and Pmax: the Drop percentage can increase to
a 100% (RED) or can linearly increase. the choice of how to increase, directly or linearly to a 100%
is manage by disabling or enabling the RED Gentle.
• RED (Random Early Drop): no packet are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches
Smin(G, Green), packets are dropped randomly until a percentage of Pmax and an Occupation %
of Smax(G) limits are reached, all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G);
• RED Gentle (Enable): no packets are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G,
Green); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G), packets
are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and
Smax(G)/Pmax(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G) the percentage of ran-
domly dropped packets is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/
100%;
• WRED (Weighted Random Early Drop): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets,
one line for Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy
(Lan1,2,3,4);
no green packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G, Green);
no yellow packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin (Y, Yellow);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are
66 MN.00273.E - 005
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/
Pmax(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) yellow packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/
Pmax(Y);
all green packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G);
all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(Y);
• WRED Gentle (Enable): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets, one line for
Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy
(Lan1,2,3,4);
for Green packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/
Pmax(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G), the percentage of dropped green packets
is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/100%;
for Yellow packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(Y);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/
Pmax(Y);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(Y), the percentage of dropped green packets
is defined by the straight line between Smax(Y)/Pmax(Y) and Sgentle(Y)/100%;
WRED and WRED Gentle are very efficient to get the most from the radio link available traffic avoiding the
“stop and go” behaviour (SAW trend) typical of congested TCP/IP traffic.
Warning: RED and WRED impact only TCP/IP traffic, not UDP traffic.
QoS preserve High priority traffic, by giving it precedence during traffic congestions. However, in case of
real time traffic also latency and jitter are important factors. Latency is strictly related to the line speed
and usually can be managed by designing the network topology in a proper way (e.g. by limiting the max-
imum number of hops in link chains). Jitter is instead a more sensitive parameter because it depends on
the traffic conditions.
In fact, when a High priority packet has to be sent over the radio link it is scheduled on a High Priority
queue. However, before to be sent over the radio link it has to wait that the packet currently in transmis-
sion (even a Best Effort packet) will be entirely sent. This waiting time can considerably change depending
on the best effort packet size (from 64bytes to 1518 bytes of even more in case of jumbo frames). One
technique used to mitigate this phenomenon is packet fragmentation, i.e. longer frames are subdivided in
smaller fragments at Tx side. A label is added to the packet in order to number these subframes. At Rx
side the original frame is rebuilt after all the fragments are received. In this way, the maximum waiting
time for a High Priority packet is reduced to the sub-frame size (some hundreds of bytes), providing sen-
sitive benefits to the packet jitter.
The SIAE switch allows to fragment Ethernet frames with two options: 256 or 512 Bytes.
For example: in case the radio is serving a 1024Byte frame in the lowest (queue 0) and there is an incoming
frame (256 bytes) in the highest priority queue (queue 7). The packet in the highest priority should be
served first, but since the servant is busy processing the packet in the lower queues, the 256Byte frame
has to wait until the radio has processed the 1024 Byte frame, see Fig.18.
MN.00273.E - 005 67
Fig.18 - Ethernet frame fragmentation disabled
With the fragmentation enabled the time that the packet in higher queues have to wait is smaller. With
fragmentation enabled the radio divides the 1024 byte packet into 4 packets of 256 Bytes and the servant
can transmit the first frame of 256 Byte in the lower queue and then transmit the high priority traffic, re-
ducing the jitter in the network, see Fig.19.
The SIAE switch provides the following enhanced VLAN management features:
• VLAN rewriting
68 MN.00273.E - 005
VLAN rewriting
VLAN rewriting is a feature available on radio side that allows to rewrite the VID of C-TAG of the packet
received (uplink side) or sent (downlink side) by the switch.
On uplink side (packets received on LAN interface by the switch and sent to the radio) the VID can be re-
written on the basis of the following criteria:
- LAN port + C-VID: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis
of its original C-VID and the LAN port where it has been received.
- LAN port + C-VID + priority: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured
on the basis of its original C-VID + priority and the LAN port where it has been received.
On uplink side it is possible to configure for all the LAN ports up to 64 LAN port + C-VID or LAN port + C-
VID + priority criteria.
On downlink side (packets received on radio side and sent by the switch on the LAN interface):
• the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the C-VID of the received packet. I.e., new values of C-
VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of its original C_VID. It is possible
to configure up to 64 C-VID criteria in downlink, independently by the uplink configuration.
• C-VID can be removed selectively. It is possible to select the C-VID, enable the option “Removed”
and select the Output interface. In other words on downlink side it is possible to select the C-VID
to be remove and the correspondent Output LAN.
VLAN staking (also named QinQ) is a feature that allows an Ethernet frame to include more than one IEEE
802.1Q TAG. The scope of VLAN staking is to differentiate the traffic at different levels when the packets
must cross networks managed by different entities.
The SIAE switch radio supports the Vlan staking. Once a packet enters into the radio it is possible to add
a new IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The VID of the new TAG can be set based on different criteria:
The new TAG is added to the packet as a S-TAG. The Ethertype field of the TAG can be set either to stand-
ard values (0x88A8, 0x9100, 0x9200, 0x9300) or to any other custom values.
Packet Compression
The SIAE switch provides header packet compression. This feature allows to compress the packet header
by transmitting over the radio link proprietary labels in place of long and repetitive header field.
Multi-layer Packet Compression supports the following protocols: Ethernet, MPLS, IPv4/IPv6, UDP and RTP
and LTE S1 interface tunnelling. This latter cover the case of LTE eNodeB backhauling on S1 interface,
where the eUE traffic (either IPv4 or IPv6) is enveloped into a GTP-U tunnel. The Header compressed in
this case includes (IPv4+UDP+GTP-U of the S1 interface)+(IPv4/IPv6+UDP+RTP of the eUE traffic inserted
into the tunnel).
When enabled, the user can select which header have to be compressed considering the following maxi-
mum limits:
In Fig.20 are detailed the different header fields that can be selected with their weight in terms of header
field size and header field size after internal coding.
MN.00273.E - 005 69
Header field
Header
size after
field size
internal coding
(Bytes)
(Bytes)
C-TAG (802.1Q) +4 +2
Q-in-Q (802.1ad) - -
+(4*n) +(2*n)
Max number of S-TAG (from 1 to 2) (default=1)
MPLS - -
+(4*n) +(4*n)
Max number of MPLS labels (from 1 to 3), PW included (default=1)
IP+ - -
UDP
+8 +8
RTP
+12 +12
+100 +99
Tunneling OPv4 - IPv4/IPv6(IPv4+UDP+GTP-U+IPv4/IPv6+UDP+RTP)
70 MN.00273.E - 005
7.5 ETHERNET OAM (OPERATION ADMINISTRATION AND MAINTE-
NANCE)
This protocol can be used in any point-to-point Ethernet link. The aim of this protocol is to check and mon-
itor the functionality of the service that the provider guarantees on the network.
The Service Layer OAM fully monitors a customer End-to-End Ethernet Service. Two main standards cover
this topic, the IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T Y.1731.
The IEEE 802.1ag provides CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) useful for detecting, isolating and re-
porting connectivity faults. The ITU-T Y.1731 Standard comprehends the CFM plus some additional fea-
tures, like RDI (Remote Defect Indicator) that allows to report back to the start of the chain the Alarm
message.
SIAE equipment support CFM according to both standards ITU-T Y.1731 and 802.1ag.
The IEEE 802.1ag and the ITU-T Y.1731 are End-to-End service, i.e. provide the tools to monitor the Ether-
net Service regardless of the layers, Network Path and operators. Since the spectrum of application can
include many applications a more hierarchical structure is needed.
• Maintenance Domains (MD): these specify the Domains of operators, users and service providers.
Levels from 0 to 7 are possible depending on the type of service to be monitored. Customer Domain
is the higher which includes both ends of the Ethernet service (from one End user to the other End
user), Standard Default values for Customer Domain are 7, 6 and 5. Service Provider Domains
should have a MD lower than the Customer Domain since include the whole network except the End
Users. Standard default values for Provider Domains are 3 and 4. Operator Domains are lower than
Service Provider Domains since just a part of the network is included. Standard Default values for
operator domains are 0, 1 and 2. Here follows a picture explaining the hierarchical structure of Main-
tenance Domains.
• ALFOplus: in SIAE equipment one Maintenance Domain can be specified. At each end of the Main-
tenance Domain two MEPs (Maintenance End Point) will be specified. The MEPs are “markers” that
define the end of a domain and are in charge of originating OAM frames. In a domain also MIPs
(Maintenance Intermediate Points) can be specified. The MIPs are passive check-points. The MEPs
and MIPs configuration are discussed in details in the following points. The choice of the domain and
the Domain Label (name) is left to the user. Particular attenuation must be paid to use the same
MD label in each equipment where the MD is specified, i.e. different equipment with same value of
MD domain but different MD labels belongs to different Domains.
MN.00273.E - 005 71
CE PE PE CE
Access Operator 1 Operator 2 Access
Network Core Network Core Network Network
High Level
Low Level
MEP MIP MIP MEP
Operator 2
• A Maintenance Association (MA) is one association which correlates the VLAN to the MD in which
the MEPs and MIPs have to be defined.
• ALFOplus: when a specified traffic needs to be monitored, then it is necessary to relay the VLAN to
a Domain and to the corresponding MEPs or MIPs through the MA. Before creating the Maintenance
Association, the VLAN, either S-VLAN or C-VLAN, has to be specified in the VLAN Table. In each
SIAE equipment it is possible to set up to 32 different MA. Particular attention must be paid to use
the same MA label in each equipment where the MA is specified, i.e. different MA labels on the same
VLAN correspond to different MA associations.
• At the Edge of a MD there are MEPs (Maintenance End Points) and in the middle there could be MIPs
(Maintenance Intermediate Points). MEPs are the units in charge of managing the CFM to correctly
monitor the status of the Ethernet service provided. MIPs are passive check-points that answer to
pollings coming from MEPs. MEPs will forward OAM messages coming from higher domains and will
discard OAM messages generated from lower domains.
• ALFOplus: Each interface can be configured as MEP, Port A interface (radio interface) included. Once
chosen the interface, depending on the network topology, the direction of the MEP has to be spec-
72 MN.00273.E - 005
ified. Two Directions are possible, MEP “ ” and MEP “ ”. With MEP “ ” configured the OAM
PDUs are sent from the interface in the direction outside the equipment, i.e. the OAM PDUs are sent
from the interface on the cable toward next equipment. With MEP “ ” configured the OAM PDUs
are sent from the interface toward the inside of the equipment and will follow the VLAN table pre-
viously configured. MEPs are distinguished from each other through a MEP ID, therefore MEPs be-
longing to same MA must have different MEP IDs. In order to configure a MIP the MA has to be
habilitated on the equipment. Up to 32 MIPs or MEPs can be configured on each equipment.
The protocols belonging to the Connectivity Fault Management implemented in SIAE equipment are listed
hereafter:
• Continuity Check Protocol: this protocol enables the sending of a periodic message (like a Heartbeat
message) which enables the other MEPs deployed in the network to distinguish the status of a vir-
tual connection. this message can only be originated by a MEP.
ALFOplus: is adjustable with 1s, 10s, 1min, 10min. These messages do not trigger any automatic
reply from the destination entity.
• LoopBack Protocol: it resembles an IP PING message; once this message is sent (e.g. MEP1 sends
a Loopback Message to MEP2). MEP2 replies to MEP1 confirming therefore the status of the connec-
tion. This is done to check the status of the connection between the MEP originating the message
and the MEP/MIP to which the message is addressed. This message can only be originated from one
MEP and can be addressed to both MEPs or MIPs.
ALFOplus: the number of Loopback Messages in SIAE equipment is adjustable from 1 to 5 consec-
utive Loopbacks. In each equipment, it is possible for each MEP to check the presence of other MEPs
in the same MA. This is done through the “Remote MEP” application which allows this acknowledge-
ment and distinguishes the other MEP through means of MEP IDs and MAC address.
• Link Trace Protocol: this protocol sends a message similar to the LoopBack protocol. Every equip-
ment that is reached by this message will answer to the sender providing its own MAC address. In
this way the sender is able to understand of which equipment the MA is composed. E.g. a MEP sends
the Link Trace Message to another MEP belonging to the same Maintenance Association. the MIPs
that are deployed in the middle of the path will forward this message and answer to the initiating
MEP with their own MAC Address. By doing so the initiating MEP knows the OAM-devices deployed
in the path and their order.
• Remote Defect Indicator: this feature allows a MEP, in presence of a fault or a defect, to send a RDI
to inform the other MEPs, belonging to the same MA, of the presence of this Defect. The advantages
of this procedure are to avoid multiple Alarms created by the same cause and to be able to check
the status of other Remote MEPs. This RDI information is reported in the Continuity Check Message.
ALFOplus: this feature is present in SIAE equipment and the presence of this alarm can be checked
as well in the Remote MEPs screen on the equipment.
RMON (Remote Monitoring) is a standard whose function is providing a set of services of statistics count,
monitoring and alarm report with reference to the activity of a LAN network.
SIAE equipment support RMONv1, first MIB, as defined in RFC2819. This MIB contains real-time LAN sta-
tistics e.g. utilization, collisions and CRC errors. These counters are managed locally into the radio equip-
ment and are defined independently for each port of the device (both LAN and Radio interfaces). SIAE
NMS systems collect periodically this data and store it into the network database. More in details, the RMON
implementation in SIAE Network Elements is classified into two groups:
• RMON – Statistics: These are the counters data collected in real time by the Network Equipment.
These data are stored in the network equipment itself and, the NMS Statistics viewer can visualize
this data with the “Refresh” button.
• RMON - History: This is managed by the NMS through the collection of the counters data from the
Network Equipment. After a periodical polling to the Network Element, the NMS collects all the data
and these data are seen as the RMON History.
MN.00273.E - 005 73
In other words, the “RMON Statistics” are the data that are collected and stored in the Network Equipment,
while the “RMON History” is an aggregation of the data collected from each network equipment and the
database is located in the NMS.
RMON statistics are composed by counters for each port of the device that are stored in the equipment
deployed on field.
Into the equipment it can be chosen to store the values with a sampling period that can be defined between
two values: 1 min, 15 min, or both. For each sampling period the counters values are stored into the equip-
ment. After a predefined period (polling period), all the RMON data stored by the equipment are get by the
NMS. The polling period can be either less than 4 hours (if the sampling period is 1 min) or 1 day (in case
the sampling period is 15 min). The NMS aggregates the files received to create a bigger database with
the History of the Performance Monitoring samples.
Here below are described the RMON counters available for each device interface (both LAN and radio
ports):
• DropEvents: Total number of events (frames, or whole queue contents) in which packets were
dropped by the interface due to lack of resources.
• Octets RX: Total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) received by the interface.
• Pkts RX: Total number of packets (including bad packets, broadcast packets, and multicast packets)
received.
• BroadcastPkts RX: Total number of good packets received that were directed to the broadcast ad-
dress.
• Multicast Pkts RX: Total number of good packets received that were directed to a multicast address.
• CRC Align Errors: Total number of packets received that had a length between 64 and the Max Pack-
et Size configured on the equipment switch (in any case not exceeding 10240 bytes) with bad Frame
Check Sequence (FCS) and an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-inte-
gral number of octets (Alignment Error).
• Undersize Pkts: Total number of packets received that were less than 64 octets long and were oth-
erwise well formed.
• Oversize Pkts: The number of packets received during this sampling interval that were longer than
maximum allowable length (excluding framing bits but including FCS octets) but were otherwise
well formed.
• Fragments: Total number of packets received that were less than 64 octets in length and had either
a bad Frame Check Sequence (FCS) with an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with
a nonintegral number of octets (Alignment Error).
• Jabbers: Total number of packets received that were longer than n (parameter Max Packet Size, it
can be set to 1522, 2048 bytes or 10240 Kbytes) octets, and had either a bad Frame Check Se-
quence (FCS) with an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a bad FCS with a non-integral number
of octets (Alignment Error).
• Collisions: The best estimate of the total number of collisions on this EthLannet segment.
• Utilization Rx: The best estimate of the mean physical layer network utilization on this interface dur-
ing this sampling interval, in hundredths of a percent. The percentage is always referred to a 1Gbit/
s port speed. So, it represents the mean RX throughput measured on the port during the sampling
period and it is expressed as a percentage of a port speed.
• Octets TX: Total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) transmitted.
• Pkts TX: Total number of packets transmitted.
• BroadcastPkts TX: Total number of good packets transmitted that were directed to the broadcast
address.
• Multicast Pkts TX: Total number of good packets transmitted that were directed to a multicast ad-
dress.
74 MN.00273.E - 005
• Utilization TX: The best estimate of the mean physical layer network utilization on this interface dur-
ing this sampling interval, in hundredths of a percent. The percentage is always referred to a 1Gbit/
s port speed. So, it represents the mean TX throughput measured on the port during the sampling
period and it is expressed as a percentage of a port speed.
All the counters described above are part of the RMON statistics and it is not possible to collect only a sub-
set of them. It is however possible to select on which equipment interface activate the RMON statistics (for
example, they can be enabled only on the radio interface). This allows reducing the total amount of PM
data, for example avoiding data collection from unused LAN interfaces. This can be done on all Payload
Interfaces (regardless if electrical or optical), the Radio interfaces are included as well.
In addition to the Ethernet Counters per Port with SIAE equipment it is possible to set on the Radio interface
the RMON counters per Service (Vlan) or Priority (Queues). Differently from the previous RMON counters,
the Service and Priority counters can be activated for the following variables.
• Octets TX: Total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) transmitted.
• Octets RX: Total number of octets of data (including those in bad packets) received by the interface.
• Pkts RX: Total number of packets (including bad packets, broadcast packets, and multicast packets)
received.
• DropEvents: Total number of events (frames) in which packets were dropped by the interface due
to lack of resources.
The Service and Priority RMON can be activated and collected from NMS (Network Management System).
The Service and Priority RMON are based on the Advanced Ethernet Counters present on the equipment
and configurable on site. This means that on site it is possible to activate the Advanced Ethernet Counters
but not the Service and Priority RMON.
In any case the NMS has higher priority in respect to the configuration inserted through Web LCT. This
means that the local operator can enable and read the active measure, but when the configuration of these
RMON is done through NMS, the local operator can only read the values of the Advanced Ethernet Counters.
It is not possible to enable the RMON for Priority and, in the same equipment, the RMON per Vlan.
The Priority RMON are based on the internal Queue of the equipment, not on the value of the Priority; this
implies that:
• the maximum number of RMON (Priority) that can be enabled are limited to 8, i.e. the number of
the queues available in SIAE switch.
• if traffic with different priorities are listed in the same Queue, the Priority RMON will work with one
Probe on the Queue. I.e. the traffic in the same Queue is seen as “Same Priority Traffic” and the
Priority RMON counts the frames belonging to the Queue
In other words, with Priority RMON there is a probe for each queue (8 queues in SIAE switch). Each probe
counts the variables listed above (Octets TX, Pkts TX, Octets RX, Pkts RX and DropEvents).
These counters will be available only with the Minimum Polling Policy of 15 min.
MN.00273.E - 005 75
7.8.2 Service RMON
The Service RMON counters allow the equipment to track the variables listed above depending on the Ser-
vice (Vlan Tag). This type of RMON can be set only on the Radio interface.
Each equipment can be set to collect RMON up to 32 Services (Vlan Tag) and only on Customer Tag.
These counters will be available only with the Minimum Polling Policy of 15 min.
7.9 SYNCHRONISM
Network Synchronisation is a growing subject related to the network evolution from TDM to Ethernet pay-
load.
In this chapter it will be described the different features supported by SIAE switch equipment for the syn-
chronization transport. The decision of the correct source to enable and how to pass the synchronisation
signal to customer’s equipment depends on network situation which has to be evaluated case by case.
Sync
Sync
2G BTS Sync
Sync Sync
E1 TDM
ETH Reference
ALFOplus ALFOplus Ethernet/TDM
Network Clock
E1 TDM
3G NodeB
Sync
Full IP
ETH
The main concept is to transfer the synchronization signal throughout the network deployed. This implies
that SIAE equipment will take the clock signal from the concentration points (POC) and transfer it towards
the tail sites and distribute the synchronization signal to the external equipment such as NodeBs and BTS
(see Fig.22).
ALFOplus
Input SETS Output
CK IN CK OUT
Going into details, this means that each SIAE equipment (represented in Fig.23) will have, at least, one
“Input” and one “Output” CK.
Input (CK IN) is/are the interface/s where the SIAE equipment get the Clock signal from, these could be
another SIAE equipment or external equipment.
Output (CK OUT) is/are the interface/s where the SIAE equipment provides the Clock Signal to, these could
be another SIAE equipment or external equipment.
76 MN.00273.E - 005
Internally to each SIAE equipment the SETS identify the input and output types of interfaces by the fol-
lowing codes:
The purpose of the above list is to list the different acronyms used by the SETS that may be present in the
configuration screens.
When the Synchronization is enabled in SIAE MW equipment, in the configuration screen, there are some
features to be used for maintenance or refined tuning of the clock propagation.
• Status Control: this is a forced status for maintenance purposes of the SETS. It can be forced in:
- “Free Running”: Independently from the synchronization signal received, the clock is locked onto
the internal clock.
- “Hold Over”: The SETS is locked into the internal clock which tries to preserve the frequency
received when the SETS was locked.
- “Locked”: in this case the SETS is locked to a source of synchronization.
- “Hold Off Time”: Time (expressed in ms) during which the system keeps the evaluated frequen-
cy of a synchronism source become invalid (not present or degraded). At the end of the Hold
Off time, the invalid source will be rejected and the first input source having a valid signal will
be used.
- “WTR Time”: i.e. Wait-To-Restore, this is a wait time to avoid oscillations. Time (expressed in
minutes) that has to pass before allowing the selected valid input source to be actually used
within the process for the selection of T0 synchronism.
• “LTI Set Time” and “LTI Reset Time”: are controls that avoid oscillations of Alarms. When one alarm
raises up, it has to be active for at least the “LTI Set Time” and when it disappears it has to be off
for at least “LTI Reset Time”.
• “Enabled”: Enables the SSM in the equipment
MN.00273.E - 005 77
7.10 SOURCES OF SYNCHRONISM
SIAE equipment is able to select among different sources of synchronization. A priority has to be assigned
to enable each source, with a value ranging from 1 to 9 included. The priority 1 corresponds to the maxi-
mum value, while the priority 9 corresponds to the minimum value. The priority shall be used to select in
which order the different synch sources must be used. In case the Priority is set as “Disabled” the corre-
spondent interface is not used as a synchronization source.
• GE Interface [TE]: to identify which LANs are the sources of synchronization they have to be chosen
under “TE LAN A” and “TE LAN B”. This implies that a maximum of 2 LAN interfaces can be set as
source of synchronization. The AGS-H reference clock can be received on any one the 4 LAN inter-
faces, independently from the fact they are electrical or optical. In order to receive the synchroni-
zation signal (and regardless of the SSM status) the GE interface has to be set as “Slave”. The
configuration choices and other details are explained in “SSM on Ethernet Interfaces”.
• Internal Clock [T0]: with the Synchronization not enabled the equipment is locked into its internal
clock
In case SSM is not enabled, the equipment switches from one source of synchronization to another follow-
ing the priority scale, starting from the source set to priority 1 and scaling to the sources with higher values
of priority (i.e. lower priority level). The synch source switch occurs when the present source suffers one
of the following events:
• The source of synchronization is not physically available
• The clock deviation is bigger than 4.6 ppm (maximum deviation that the internal clock can follow).
In other words, if the LAN1 is selected as first source (priority 1) of synchronization, and the LAN2 is se-
lected as the second source (priority 2) of synchronization, the SIAE equipment will be synchronized on
the LAN1 until the cable will be physically unplugged or the LAN1 frequency and phase will be out of their
specified ranges. Once one of these events occurs, the SIAE equipment will switch the source of synchro-
nization to the second source listed. If the second source listed is unplugged or out of maximum range then
the SIAE equipment will switch to the third source and so on.
In case no other synch sources are available the SIAE equipment will go on “Internal Source”, i.e. the in-
ternal clock present in SIAE equipment. In this condition the internal clock will be kept in hold status, trying
to keep the last synchronization reference received. In these conditions, the internal clock of SIAE equip-
78 MN.00273.E - 005
ment has a reliability of 0.3 ppm over 24 h. When the SIAE equipment switches to internal clock, it prop-
agates a quality of SEC – SDH Equipment Clock.
Once the SIAE equipment is synchronized, the clock signal has to be passed toward external equipment or
other SIAE equipment. SIAE equipment can give the synchronization signal through different interfaces.
• Radio: this interface is passing the synchronism automatically to the remote equipment. No config-
uration is needed.
• GE Interfaces: the TX CK of the all GE lines (i.e. LAN 1 and 2) is locked to the SETS. In this way,
the CK can be passed through these connections to other equipment provided that they support
Synchronous Ethernet. The GE Interfaces when used in Electrical can provide the CK signal to other
equipment: in this case the equipment port role must be “Master”. Once the synchronization is en-
abled in the SIAE equipment, automatically all the LAN interfaces are locked onto the SETS. This
implies that the synchronization signal is automatically provided onto all the LAN interfaces.
The choices of the interface to pass the clock signal depend strictly on the external equipment. This means
that in first place it is necessary to establish the possible sources of synchronization available on the ex-
ternal equipment. Depending on the availability of these sources, SIAE equipment will be configured with
the correspondent interface to pass the clock signal.
MN.00273.E - 005 79
7.12 G.8264 SSM – SYNCHRONISATION STATUS MESSAGE
The SSM is a protocol that transmits the quality of the synchronization message throughout the network
(G.781).
In the synchronization network the transmission of the quality of the clock allows the network to be scal-
able and to provide redundancy. In case of failure of SIAE equipment or cable, it is helpful to provide re-
dundancy for clock propagation in order to avoid synchronization loops.
Synchronisation loops could happen after a failure when two equipment are synchronising each other on
the same physical connection. If this happens the equipment will not present any alarm on the synchroni-
zation but will generate and propagate a not reliable clock. The quality of the clocks that are propagated
are:
• PRC: Primary reference Clock – Best quality clock reachable (Cesium Clock)
• DNU: Do not Use – This signal informs the receiver to do not use this clock
Here above are listed in order from the better quality clock (PRC – Primary Reference Clock) to the worse
quality clock (DNU – Do Not Use). The better the quality is the more time can the SIAE equipment stay in
holdover (Internal Clock) without a degradation of the payload. In other words, better is the quality, longer
can remain reliable the clock in holdover cases.
The DNU quality is always propagated on the source on which the equipment is locked for synchronization.
In this way the Loops of synchronization are easily avoided.
Unless the user forces the CK quality input/output, SIAE equipment reads the quality present in the input
interfaces. This means that, unless there is some user’s modifications, SIAE equipment propagates the
quality of the clock as it is. I.e. the output quality is the same as the input quality.
E.g.: If in the input interface (POC Site) there is a quality of SSUT of the CK signal, SIAE equipment will
pass throughout the network this synchronization signal with a quality message of SSUT.
In case the SIAE equipment is in Holdover (internal clock) it changes the quality of the synchronization to
“SEC” quality. With SSM enabled, SIAE equipment will choose the sources of the synchronization based on
the better quality received.
In general, the equipment selects the synch source with the following criteria:
• in any case, if a DNU quality is received on the highest priority source, this latter is discarded and
the equipment selects an alternative source.
Example 1: if one SIAE equipment has the two following sources of synchronization, with the same priority:
Example 2: if one SIAE equipment has the two following sources of synchronization, with the different qual-
ity and different priority:
Example 3: if one SIAE equipment has the two following sources of synchronization, with the same quality:
80 MN.00273.E - 005
b. Radio with quality SSUT (Priority 2)
In case the sources have equal quality, the SIAE equipment will switch the source of synchronization
with higher priority, in this case (a) the LAN1 with Priority 1 and quality SSUT. However, if a DNU quality
would be received on LAN1, the SIAE equipment will switch the synch source to Radio port.
The quality of the synchronism has to be enabled for each SIAE equipment and can be transported on the
following interfaces:
• Radio interface with Local/Remote Telemetry: Depending on the MW link configuration (1+0) the
SSM messages are passed to the remote SIAE equipment in different ways.
- 1+0 Configuration: In this case there is one Local/Remote Telemetry passing the SSM messages
Within this configuration table there are also some maintenance configurations such as:
• Forced Switch: this command allows the operator to force the SETS to lock to a predetermined
source. This command is above all other configurations. This means that the SETS will be locked
onto this source even if the cable is unplugged
• Preferential switch: In case two sources have equal priority it is possible to set a Preferential Source.
In any case the quality is the main parameter of choice, then when two sources have the same pri-
ority, the preferential source is chosen.
• Visualize the quality of the clock signal received and transmitted (Rx Quality and Tx Quality)
• Overwrite the Quality received or transmitted (Ovw Rx Qlty and Ovw Tx Quality) and the choices
are:
- PRC: Primary reference Clock – Best quality clock reachable (Cesium Clock)
- DNU: Do not Use – This signal informs the receiver to do not use this clock
The Overwrite of the Quality of the Clock is configurable by the user and simply forces in input or output
the quality.
In order to propagate the clock signal through the Ethernet 1GE Electrical interface it is necessary to set
correctly the master and slave option for each interface. It is possible to assign the roles (Master or Slave)
statically (as set up for source LAN) or dynamically (according to Synch direction).
This because the Master interface transmits the clock to the Slave interface and in case the direction of
propagation of the clock has to be changed (line failure, insufficient quality, etc..), the master and slave
assignment has to be re-negotiated with a consequent loss of traffic. This re-negotiation implies an inter-
ruption of the traffic from 2.4 to 2.6 seconds.
SIAE equipment allows to set the role of the interfaces to “According to synch direction” (dynamic), the
flow of the propagation of the clock signal is automatically changed depending on the transferring direction
of the CK.
If the role of the interfaces is set to “As set up for source LAN” (Static), the flow of the propagation of the
clock signal is fixed (see Fig.27).
MN.00273.E - 005 81
The other configuration present in SIAE equipment that manage the role of the LAN interfaces (Master/
Slave) is present in the main configuration of each LAN interface. Regardless if each LAN interface is set
manually as Master/Slave or with autonegotiation, the setting of dynamic or static in the SSM configuration
is privileged. In other words if the Master/Slave are set manually in the interface configuration and in the
SSM is set “According to synch direction”, if needed, the role of the LAN changes according to synch direc-
tions.
When an electrical GE interface is in Master State (despite from the fact that it comes from a “static” or
“dynamic” setting) every synchronization signal that is coming from this interface has automatically the
quality of DNU. This does not occur for optical GE or FE interfaces (Electrical and Optical), where the “Mas-
ter” and “Slave” roles are not foreseen and so the transmitting direction for the clock can be exchanged
without any port role re-negotiation.
All the Ethernet interfaces are locked on the SETS, regardless which LAN interfaces are set as sources of
synchronization. Nevertheless the “Overwrite RX Quality” and “Overwrite TX Quality” can be applied only
on the LAN interfaces used as sources of synchronization.
82 MN.00273.E - 005
Section 3.
INSTALLATION
8 INSTALLATION OF ALFOPLUS
The installation, maintenance or removal of antenna systems require qualified experienced personnel.
SIAE installation instructions have been written for such a personnel. Antenna system should be inspected
once a year by qualified personnel to verify proper installation, maintenance and condition of equipment.
SIAE disclaims any liability or responsibility for the results of improper or unsafe installation practices.
ALFOplus equipment is a full-outdoor IP Ethernet radio link system, for transport capacity up to 500 Mbit/
s, designed to establish LAN-LAN connections. For the details related to the actual used frequency band
refer to the label on the equipment.
Warning Class 2 radio equipment subject to Authorisation of use. The equipment can operate only at the
frequencies authorised by the relevant National Authority.
Warning The deployment and use of this equipment shall be made in agreement with the national regula-
tion for the Protection from Exposure to Electromagnetic Field.
Warning The symbol indicates that, within the European Union, the product is subject to separate col-
lection at the product end-of-life. Do not dispose of these products as unsorted municipal waste. For more
information, please contact the relevant supplier for verifying the procedure of correct disposal.
MN.00273.E - 005 83
8.2 GENERAL
The ALFOplus radio system is made up of an outdoor unit, protected by a metallic shield.
- use of filters on the power supply input circuits against noise propagating on the power supply
wires
• during the installation phase
The installation phases of the whole system are described in the following paraghaphs and it must be done
only by service person suitably trained.
Warning Remember that the whole radio link can work only if ODUs, chosen for local and remote side, have
equal subband and different Tx module (H and L).
The electrical wiring must be done using appropriate cables thus assuring the equipment responds to the
electromagnetic compatibility standards.
The cable terminates to flying connectors which have to be connected to the corresponding connectors on
the equipment front.
Position and pin-out of the equipment connectors are available in this section.
During the final installation, protect the ODU by a magneto-thermal switch (not supplied with the equip-
ment), whose characteristics must comply with the laws in force in one’s country.
The disconnection from the supply mains is made disconnecting the auxiliary connector M12P5 from the
ODU or disconnecting the LAN PoE cable.
The typical magneto thermal switch has characteristics at least 48Vdc @1.5A with overcurrent relay class
“C” or “K” tripping curve.
Seal the auxiliary power connector when the radio is powered via PoE, in order to avoid the removal of the
cover without tools.
84 MN.00273.E - 005
8.5 GROUNDING CONNECTION
Fig.28 and annexed legend show how to perform the grounding connections.
The ODU must be connected to ground with the available grounding bolt and eyelet terminal, making ref-
erence to Fig.39.
Indoor 3 4
3 4
ODU
unit
1
6 IDU 2
unit
(+) (-)
5
Station Local
ground ground
ground
rack
Legend
1. IDU grounding point, copper faston type. The cross section area of the cable used must be 4 sq.
mm. The Faston is available on the IDU both sides.
2. ODU grounding M6 bolt copper faston type. The cross section area of the cable used must be 16
sq. mm (V42025)
4. Grounding cable kit (ICD00072F) copper cable type or copper alloy to connect the shield of inter-
connection cable.
5. Battery grounding point of IDU to be connected to earth by means of a cable with a section area
2.5 sq. mm. Length 10 m.
6. Grounding cords connected to a real earth internal of station. The cross section area of the cable
must be 16 sq. mm
MN.00273.E - 005 85
Tab.20 - Mounting Instructions
Description
86 MN.00273.E - 005
8.6 REQUIRED TOOLS FOR MOUNTING (NOT SUPPLIED)
• According to antenna polarization (vertical or horizontal), assemble the antenna and support brack-
et.
Warning: These instructions are fully detailed in a separate manual “Antennas - Code: MN.00249.E”
depending on the type of used antenna.
• ODU grounding.
See Fig.39 - Put the standard coupling kit on the ODU. Align the four holes of the coupling kit with the four
nut screws on the ODU. Insert and tighten the four screws.
• M10 bolts
MN.00273.E - 005 87
8.8.1.1 1+0 ODU with integrated antenna
Install the antenna using the antenna installation guide (specific for each antenna) inside the antenna box
provided by antenna producer. Keep attention to the polarization of the antenna feeder depending on re-
quested polarization.
After the antenna is installed onto the pole, the ODU must be installed, see Fig.40.
• Position the three holes circular flange (1) on the antenna flange and align the three holes on the
circular flange with the three relevant holes on the antenna flange
• Insert and tighten the three 3mm M4 Allen screws (2) using a 3mm Allen wrench (torque = 2 Nm)
• Screw partially the four M10 bolts (3) on the antenna back plate: each bolt should be tightened to
have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14mm (the thickness of hook, use 15mm spanner)
• It is recommended to apply seal and lubricant grease Dow Corning 4 (not supplied) to the O-ring,
protecting fingers with gloves, and insert in the proper track on the ODU flange
• Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna feeder:
- vertical polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom left corner
- horizontal polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
• After the right position has been found, rotate 30° counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the
four bolts
• Rotate 30° clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
• When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15mm spanner,
torque=46Nm)
• Optional: sun cover kit (AAAL00033) - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the
ODU handle by means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
• The ODU is ready to be connected to the grounding cable and to the LAN cable.
Warning Leave 25 cm straight Lan cable between Amphenol connector and first bending to secure water-
proof IPx5.
88 MN.00273.E - 005
8.9 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH SEPARAT-
ED ANTENNA
• Supporting plate, fixing bracket with M10 130mm bolts (with washer, spring and nut)
See Fig.41.
• Position the supporting plate (1) on the pole and fix the rear bracket (2) to it by means of the four
130 mm M10 bolt (3) with relevant washers, springs and nuts (use 15mm spanner, torque =
46Nm).
• Fix the antenna side flange (4) with the proper screws (in Fig.41 the antenna flange is shown in two
different positions depending on the polarization), the screw holes side is the side where the wave-
guide must be installed.
• On the supporting plate, on the opposite side respect to the antenna flange just mounted, insert in
holes (5) on the supporting plate the four 25mm M10 bolts (3): screw them partially, each bolt
should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm (the thickness of
hook (4), use 15mm spanner).
• It is recommended to apply seal and lubricant grease Dow Corning 4 (not supplied) to the O-ring,
protecting fingers with gloves, and insert it in the proper track on the ODU flange.
• Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the supporting plate and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna flange:
- vertical polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom left corner
- horizontal polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
• After the right position has been found, rotate 30° counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the supporting plate in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the
four bolts
• Rotate 30° clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
• When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque
=46 Nm)
• Optional: sun cover kit (AAAL00033) - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the
ODU handle by means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
• The ODU is ready to be connected to the grounding cable and to the Lan cable
Warning: Leave 25 cm straight Lan cable between Amphenol connector and first bending to secure water-
proof IPX5
MN.00273.E - 005 89
8.9.1.2 Waveguide towards the antenna
After having installed the ODU in 1+0 configuration, the waveguide towards the antenna must be installed.
• 1+0: the waveguide must be fixed to the antenna flange on the supporting plate of the ODU. In
case of flexible waveguides, an excessive folding can damage the waveguide, see Tab.21 for details.
Bending radius with- Bending radius with- Bending radius with Bending radius with
out rebending out rebending rebending rebending
Frequency
mm (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch)
E-plane a H-plane b E-plane a. H-plane b.
a. Bending E-plane
Rmin/E
Bending E-plane
(short side of the section)
b. Bending H-plane
Rmin/H
Bending H-plane
(long side of the section)
90 MN.00273.E - 005
8.11 ACCESSORIES FOR INSTALLATION
MN.00273.E - 005 91
SIAE code Descriptions View
92 MN.00273.E - 005
8.11.1 Installation procedure of optical box
Components
Fig.29 - Components
MN.00273.E - 005 93
Installation
1. Open the cover by special key and screw off the middle plate
Fig.31
2. Take off the adapter panel, put it back after installing adapters
Fig.32
3. Fix PLC splitter, connect splitter ribbon fibres with output pigtails that coated loose tube, fix the ar-
ranged output pigtails with loose tube to tray. Lead output pigtail to the other side of the tray and
insert adaptor.
94 MN.00273.E - 005
Fig.33
4. Remove the input entry holder and tension member, put stripped fibre through rubber ring and fix;
then guide the fibres in sleeve to splice with input of splitter.
Fig.34
MN.00273.E - 005 95
5. Fibre connection, coiling and storage, fixing, suitable for 2mm (or 3mm) pigtail and drop cable.
Fig.35
96 MN.00273.E - 005
Fig.36
7. Installation:
- pole mounted, make pole band pass through bracket’s hole, fix the bracket to the pole by fas-
tening pole band’s bolts
- wall mounted, mark the target point on the bracket to target point by nail or bolt.
Fig.37 - On pole
MN.00273.E - 005 97
O-ring
Coupling kit
98 MN.00273.E - 005
3
MN.00273.E - 005 99
114-60
3
ALFOplus provides an auxiliary connector and 2 types of Amphenol connector, which guarantee Ethernet
port compatibility for both version: Gigabit electrical and optical.
The auxiliary 5 pin circulator connector has various functions and it is used when:
• the Power over Ethernet injector through the data Lan cable is not available or as additional power
supply source
• during the alignment of antenna (remember to enable received signal strength indicator in
Equipment menu - General preset RSSI
It is recommended after the alignment to set RSSI as Disable not to overload CPU
• In case of emergency, if ALFOplus IP address is unknown, connect it with serial console (F03594),
as shown in Fig.60 using hyperterminal 115200 8, N, 1 and press any button o access in the login.
• F03608 2xM12 5P pointing cable (remove it after commissioning pointing) (see Fig.61)
a= slide on parts
b= strip conductor, widen shield and lay around the shielding ring, cuf off projecting mesh. Slide cores
through the housing. mount shielding ring, gasket and clamping cage. Tighten pressure screw to fix the
cable. Screw down cores. Mount male/female part. Tighten pressure screw.
Schematic diagram
Pinout Description
4 Tx_Console
Shield Ground
The electrical RJ45 connection to ALFOplus is guaranteed only with coded connector; do not use other mo-
dalities of connectors.
Please be aware that modifying Ethernet cables improperly may cause loss of network connectivity. Please
follow colours of wiring.
Asignment
Pin Colour code wire
1000Base-TX
1 WHT/GRN BI_DA+
2 GRN BI_DA-
3 WHT/ORG BI_DB+
4 BLU BI_DC+
5 WHT/BLU BI_DC-
6 ORG BI_DB-
7 WHT/BRN BI_DD+
8 BRN BI_DD-
Step 1
Feed CAT cable through boot and connector housing as shown below.
Warning: Care should be taken not to damage the rubber sealing gasket inside the rear of the connector
housing.
Step 2
Warning It is mandatory to verify with Ethernet tester (not supplies) the proper connectivity of both ends,
in order to avoid autonegotiation problems (as for example 1Gbps fullduplex not reached).
Step 3
While holding the connector body, pull cable through connector housing until RJ plus is near to the housing.
Align the plug latch with the connector housing keyway.
Depress Plug latch and completely insert the RJ plug into the housing.
Step 4
NO
Warning: Tighten all unused connectors with the appropriate cover using the proper wrench J23599 (see
Fig.57).
115
8.12.4 Optical SFP mounting procedure
• plug the SFP module into LC embedded connectors until “Click” (see Fig.66 and Fig.67)
• pull lightly the SFP and check that it is locked to the connector (see Fig.68)
Warning: don't insert the SFP module inside the housing of the ODU without the preliminary connection
between cable and the SFP as described in this paragraph.
6
F03594
THERMOFIT 7 3
PIPE
COURSE
FROM TO COLOURS
4 BLACK WHITE/BROWN V- A3
RED 8
117
118
+20
1530 0 - GET VALUE FROM LAST DIGITS OF PART DESCRIPTION
N.B.2
7
1
see N.B.
F -----
CM2 N.B.2
6
N.B.2
35 6
4 N.B.1
5
1
4 4 5
2
WIRES CONNECTION 3
3 SIDE ENLARGED VIEW
CF1
60
N.B.1 4 RED
BLACK
2
5
1
WIRES CONNECTION 4
SIDE ENLARGED VIEW 2
3
MN.00273.E - 005
Fig.62 - ALFOplus connectors
Fig.66 - LC connector
9 LINE-UP OF ALFOPLUS
9.1 GENERAL
Operations involving the use of SCT/WebLCT are roughly described here. For further details please refer
to software manual.
9.2 SWITCH ON
• antenna presence - check the connection between ODU output flange and antenna.
On the rear panel of ODU unit there is a transparent plastic window to see the status of an internal LED
dedicated to show unit alarms. Further information about ALFOplus alarms can be found onto the chapter
“ALFOplus alarms and troubleshooting”.
Connection between PC and ALFOplus can only occur if the IP address of the PC and the radio belong to
the same subnet and it can be made directly or through a switch on the LAN2 radio connector.
1. add the IP address of radio in the LAN address book (see Fig.76)
1. with SCT or browser (internet explorer) type IP address stored previously (Factory Default are
172.20.254.14/16 ODU L and 172.20.255.15/16 ODU H)
1. Assign a static IP address (see Fig.73) to PC (the IP must belong to the rescue network)
ALFOplus rescue IP address: 172.20.253.13
ALFOplus rescue subnetwork mask: 255.255.0.0
3. By SCT, connect using Local Area Network, press connect button, type equipment user/password
and press “RESCUE” button (see Fig.74)
5. In “Rescue Connection” mode it is possible to set or recover the values for management access.
1. Assign a static IP address (see Fig.73) to PC (the IP must belong to the rescue network).
ALFOplus rescue IP address: 172.20.253.13
ALFOplus rescue Subnetwork Mask: 255.255.0.0
4. Type equipment user/password and follow the instructions of rescue login (see Fig.77)
5. In “Rescue connection” mode it is possible to set or recover the values for management access.
1. Assign a static IP address (see Fig.73) to PC (the IP must belong to the rescue network)
ALFOplus rescue IP address: 172.20.253.13
AFOplus rescue Subnetwork Mask: 255.255.0.0
5. Wait till the ping reply, open Internet Explorer, type in the URL: 172.20.253.13 and press F5 until
the login menu appears
6. In rescue connection mode it is possible to set or recover the values for management access.
1. Connection between PC and ALFOplus with serial console cable (F03594) in auxiliary connector
2. using Hyperterminal - serial COM at 115200bps, 8bits, none parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control and
press “Enter” button to access in the login
To activate a radio link it is necessary to program the ODU (local and remote side) in some basic items
listed in the following:
• port configuration
• restart equipment
See Fig.78.
• Equipment menu
• Equipment - BW & MOD/LINK ID
• In Capacity and Modulation card, you can select Bandwidth&Modulation desired. Press Apply
and Confirm
• Enable or disable ACM Engine, if you want dynamic modulation. Press Apply and Confirm
Tx frequency setting
• Equipment menu
• Radio Branch
• Settings card: in this card you have to select Duplex frequency and Tx frequency; Rx frequency
value is shown in the top status bar and is set automatically. Press Apply and Confirm.
Local Tx frequency must be set equal to remote Rx frequency. Please set the frequency according to your
license.
Warning: Remember that the whole radio link can work only if ODUs chosen for local and remote side have
equal sub-band and different Tx module (example of permissible pair ODU 1H and ODU 1L).
Tx power setting
• Equipment menu
• Radio Branch
• Powers card: in this card you have to set Tx power equal to radio planning value or if you do not
know it to maximum Tx power; in this card it is possible to enable automatic transmission power
control but it is important to set properly ATPC thresholds: Rx Level Min, Rx Level Max (see para-
graph 7.1.7 ATPC and ACM interaction). Press Apply and Confirm.
See Fig.80.
Into WebLCT at position:
• Equipment menu
Warning: Factory setting of the radio is LAO (Local Access Only). For remote radio management change
port settings in “Out of Band” or “Drop Node” or “In Band” on both sites.
See Fig.81.
• Equipment menu
• In General Info card, change the equipment ID and agent IP address equal to Ethernet IP ad-
dress. Press Apply and Confirm.
See Fig.82.
• Equipment menu
• Type the default gateway IP address and select Lan Interface and/or add manually the routing
command.
Fig.82
See Fig.83.
Restart equipment
See Fig.83.
• Equipment menu
When the whole radio link is on, antenna alignment can be optimised. Antenna alignment optimization is
performed depending on the Rx signal power at local and remote equipment and evaluating both local and
remote S/N value maximizing them.
• through a voltmeter connected to Auxiliary connector on the ODU (F03608 cable - see Fig.61).
In order to get the Rx signal power level via software, connect the PC to ALFOplus (LAN2) and start the
communication towards the ODU microcontroller with SCT/WebLCT supervisory program.
Into WebLCT is shown in the top status bar (Rx1A=-value dBm) see Fig.83.
If you’re using a voltmeter the Rx signal power level is available on the auxiliary connector of ODU, the
measurement can be performed with a proper cable (see Fig.61).
Following this last procedure, the voltage you’re reading with the voltmeter is proportional to Rx power
level, refer to Tab.28.
-20 4.68 ±5
-30 3.51 ±5
-40 2.34 ±3
-50 1.17 ±3
-60 0 ±3
-70 -1.17 ±3
-80 -2.34 ±3
-90 -3.51 ±5
-100 -4.68 ±5
Typical Rx signal power level: -40dBm. It is the most important item to optimise the antenna alignment,
but in a situation of interference Rx level can be good, BER acceptable but BER margin low. This means
that when Rx fields will decrease then BER will increase fast. The situation can be easily shown with SCT/
WebLCT software looking at Signal Quality level.
• Equipment menu
• Maintenance
The S/N at nominal Rx level, read by means of WebLCT, must be 38dB @1024QAM (typical S/N: 39dB)
(see Fig.85).
Antenna aiming
Antenna aiming devices allow to perform the following adjustments with respect to the starting aiming po-
sition:
- horizontal ± 15° operating on the nut (3) shown in Fig.86, only after having loosen
the nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.87.
- vertical ± 15° operating on vertical adjustment worm screw (2) shown in Fig.86
only after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.87 and (4) of Fig.86
For adjustment from 0° to +30° extract nut (1) Fig.87 and position it in
hole (4), extract nut (2) Fig.87 and position it in hole (6). Operate on
vertical adjustment worm screw (2) after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of
Fig.87 and (4) of Fig.86.
For adjustment from 0° to –30° extract nut (1) of Fig.87 and position it in hole
(3), extract nut (2) of Fig.87 and position it in hole (5). Operate on vertical
adjustment worm screw (2) after having loosen nuts (1), (2), (11) of Fig.87
and (4) of Fig.86.
For vertical adjustment some markers, every 10°, are available on support. The bigger marker gives 0°
starting aiming position. Once the optimum aiming position is obtained, tighten firmly the four nuts (1),
(2), (11) of Fig.87 and (4) of Fig.86 for vertical adjustment and the four nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.87
for horizontal adjustment. Tighten with 15 mm wrench and 32 Nm torque.
- grounding The grounding can be connected with the available bolt spring washer and
flat washers as shown.
7
4 11 1 8
3
10
9 15 mm wrench
6 32 Nm torque
5 2
15 mm wrench
32 Nm torque
Local ALFOplus ODU and its remote ODU can be accessed via LAN2 or LAN1 ports depending on supervi-
sioning parameters, once the radio link has been initialized correctly (Local&Remote). In SCT the window
(see Fig.88) shows the network elements belonging to selected station. In the “login” column you can
check the actual user profile of equipment (System=Administrator; Monitor=Read only) and check the lo-
cal radio (Local) and the remote radio (Remote Link).
To change the User Profile, select the network element and press Login.
To connect to remote radio you can press double click in Remote Link Element or select Remote Link
- Equipment - LCT interface.
In WebLCT software press button Open Far End button to open and manage the remote radio window. If
the remote link is not visible, it means that the Remote Element List is missing in the local ODU (in SCT-
Tools - Subnetwork Configuration Wizard).
Settings
Rate Control Full Rate Full Rate Port Enable Full Rate Full Rate Port Enable
Auto Auto
Speed/Duplex Auto (1Gbit) Auto (1Gbit)
(100Mbit) (100Mbit)
802.1 Manage-
Fallback Disable Fallback Fallback Disable Fallback
ment
Mac address
300 sec
aging time
Ethernet Switch
Priority
Native 802.1p
Radio to Lan
Priority
Native 802.1p
LAN to radio
After checking commissioning measures it is mandatory to fill “SIAE commissioning report” and send it to
SIAE database, ready to be checked when necessary.
These reports are very important for SIAE and for the customer because they certify the conformity of SIAE
link.
Only in case you don’t have this document, the full backup file .bku can be generate using SCT.
For any technical problem contact help-desk office:
• email: help@siaemic.com
• Tel. +39.02.27325452
9.9.1 Scope
Scope of this paragraph is to provide a procedure that described, step by step, how to perform the software
upgrade of ALFOplus equipment.
Warning: In order to transfer data “Web LCT console” or “Subnetwork Craft Terminal” running is necessary.
Follow the steps below to perform the software upgrade of ALFOplus equipment.
Boot download
1. Unzip files N10052-01 XXX.zip in a suitable directory of the PC used to perform the upgrade.
2. Connect to the equipment using the SCT or the WebLCT (login as “System”).
- using SCT, select Version from Equipment menu and press Download SW setup
- using WebLCT, select Software Info&Maint (see Fig.89) from Equipment menu and press
Upgrade (see Fig.90)
4. Select the file E82108.dwl (boot firmware) from the directory boot_e82108_xxyyzz.
7. At the end of the boot firmware download, the equipment Controller will automatically restart. Wait
for the restart to be completed.
1. Unzip files N10052-01 XXX.zip in a suitable directory of the PC used to perform the upgrade.
2. Connect to the equipment using the SCT or the WebLCT (login as “System”).
- using SCT, select Version from Equipment menu and press Download SW setup
- using WebLCT, select Software Info&Maint (see Fig.89) from Equipment menu and press
Upgrade (see Fig.90)
4. Select the file N10052.dwl (system version) from the directory bin.
5. Select Forced as download mode.
6. Start the download and confirm by clicking on the window that pops-up
7. At the end of the system version download, to activate the new system version a bench switch is
required: click on Bench Switch and confirm by clicking on the window that pops-up.
Warning: the bench switch may be traffic affecting, depending on the system version previously run-
ning.
WebLCT download
1. Unzip files Web_25_N96108_XXX.zip in a suitable directory of the PC used to perform the upgrade
2. Connect to the equipment using the WebLCT (login as “System”)
3. In Equipment menu - Software Info&Maint - WebLCT - Upload manager, press Browse and
select the file Web_25_N96108_xxyyzz.tar
5. After the upload it is recommended to clear temporary internet files, cookies and history of the used
browser.
9.10.1 Scope
This chapter describes the procedure to backup the full equipment configuration. This permits to recover
the original equipment configuration in case of faulty CONTROLLER module replacement with spare.
Warning: In order to transfer data, WebLCT Console or Subnetwork Craft Terminal running is necessary.
Backup Configuration
Foreword: it is advisable to backup the configuration after the first installation. Proceed as follows:
1. Select Equipment Configuration Wizard from menu Tools; Equipment Configuration Wizard
window will be displayed.
2. Select Upload and then Backup Full Equipment Configuration; Template Selection window will
be displayed.
3. Select the correct equipment template (in case of uncorrected choice the backup will be aborted).
4. Press OK and then select the equipment to be uploaded from Upload Configuration File window.
5. Press OK and then edit the file name from Save backup as window.
6. Press Save; Equipment Configuration Wizard: Complete Backup window will appear.
The window shows dynamically the backup procedure. If everything is OK, at the end of the upload
will appear the word done showing the procedure success.
7. Press OK to finish.
Restore Configuration
Once the spare controller has been installed, or every time you need the primitive configuration, proceed
as follows:
1. Select Equipment Configuration Wizard from menu Tools. Equipment Configuration Wizard win-
dow will be displayed.
2. Select Download and than Restore Full Equipment Configuration from Equipment Configura-
tion Wizard. Select Backup File window will be displayed.
3. Select the wanted backup file with extension .bku and then press Open. Download Configuration
File window will be displayed.
4. Select the equipment to download and then press OK; Equipment Configuration Wizard: Complete
restore window will be displayed. This window shows dynamically the download operation. The word
done indicates that download has been successfully.
5. Press OK to finish.
Backup Configuration
Foreword: it is advisable to backup the configuration after the first installation. Proceed as follows:
2. in the field Backup File name write the name of the configuration file you are going to upload in the
PC, complete with the full path of its folder
3. push Backup. The status of the backup procedure is shown in the “Operation Status” field.
Restore Configuration
2. In the field Restore file name write the name of the configuration file you are going to download in
the ODU, complete with the full path of its folder
3. Push Restore. The status of the backup procedure is shown in the “operation Status” field. During
Restore operation the equipment creates a backup configuration, you can come back to this config-
uration at the end of the restore pushing Revert (see Fig.91)
Warning: the file full backup, making use of SCT, isn’t compatible with WebLCT and vice versa.
10.1 GENERAL
Basic alarms come from LEDs on the equipment and all the active alarms can be observed through SCT/
WebLCT.
In this document is present ALFOplus alarm list and a description of the loop facilities provided into the
equipment.
10.2 ALARMS
Alarms can be pointed out through unit LEDs and/or through SCT/WebLCT software.
• through LEDS
• through SCT/WebLCT
Alarm associated to ALFOplus can be classified in different groups. Names and composition of these groups
as well as association between alarm classes and relay contact can be defined by the customer.
Alarms are divided into 4 severity levels according to the effects that an alarm might cause to the regular
operation of the unit detecting it. Levels are prioritised as follows:
• minor (yellow): failure neither urgent, high residual functionality, not urgent alarm
Critical and Major alarms indicate impossibility of executing a service, hence the faulty units needs to be
serviced. Minor level represents the not urgent alarms which do not prejudice service continuity.
Warning level indicates malfunctions that might be locally removed without having to replace the unit.
Alarm classification can be modified via SCT/WebLCT operator. A short description is given for each alarm
in “Alarms” section with relevant class.
The visual indication is given by a LED, which can be green or red. The information provided are:
• Red light:
• Green light:
- During restart
During the power-up follows three status of display Led (see Tab.30)
All the alarms are displayed through SCT/WebLCT program running on a PC. Alarms are divided in groups
to refer to a particular functionality and are characterized by programmable severity.
Alarms, with group and a short description, are listed into Tab.31.
In the following you can find a class list and the item they describe:
Tab.31 - Alarms
Eth Lan Phy Lacp Protocol Down Link aggregation not working
Eth Lan Phy Master Slave Configura- Autonegotiation GBit Frame configuration
tion Fault failed
Eth Lan Phy Link Loss Forwarding Link loss in remote port
ETH LAN
Eth Lan Phy Autonegotiation Autonegotiation failed
Radio Rx Power Low Alarm Received power below the fixed threshold
Radio Equip Link Telemetry Fail Alarm Telemetry failed to radio link missing
11.1 GENERAL
In the following pages are listed all the procedures to follow for ALFOplus maintenance.
When corrective maintenance is necessary, a troubleshooting procedure helps the operator to identify the
failure unit to replace it with a spare one.
11.2 MAINTENANCE
2. corrective maintenance.
Periodical checks serve to detect correct radio performance without the presence of any alarm condition.
Corrective maintenance takes place as soon as one or more alarm conditions are in existence. Operation
sequence to be carried out is shown in “Troubleshooting” paragraph.
System routine maintenance consists in a series of routine checks aiming to verify correct operating mode
of an alarm–free system.
• Rx field (value measured must comply with that resulting from hop calculation)
How these operations are carried out is specified in “Line–up” section or, more widely, in ALFOplus software
manual.
Corrective maintenance starts as soon as one or more alarm indication become active.
Corrective maintenance purpose is to locate the faulty unit and replace it with spare after having verified
that the cause of faulty is not external to the equipment.
Corrective maintenance does not include malfunction due to a wrong or incomplete configuration of the
system or to failure due to alarm indication system itself or any other cause external to the system, i.e.:
cabling damage, main voltage loss, antenna misalignment and propagation problems.
11.3 TROUBLESHOOTING
• propagations of microwave
- interference (in a link radio turn off the Ptx module (local&remote) and monitoring the Prx during
the day, active local Link ID)
- desalign of antenna (check positions and screws, maximize the voltage BNC connector present
in ODU),
• external event
- IDU operating range -5°C to +45°C; survival temperature range -10°C to +55°C
- ODU operating range -33°C to +55°C; survival temperature range -40°C to +60°C
• reading Current Alarms and Alarm History labels and trying to figure out which part of the equip-
ment is affected
• HW restart
• factory default
• firmware update
12.1 GENERAL
ALFOplus is programmed and supervised using SCT or WLC. This subject is fully described in the separated
software manual (WebLCT ALFOplus - Software application for the management of ALFOplus equipment).
Warning: operating system compatibility for SCT and WLC is Windows XP or Windows 7.
The provided structure for Ethernet traffic defines the management facilities of "ALFOplus" unit.
Radio side
SWD
Switcing Device
LAN2
Mgt
12.2.1 General
In general the management plane can be configured to be managed “in band” , that is transported with
data and differentiated on the base of VLan, or out of band, where a port is exclusively dedicated to the
management. In particular, for management purposed, the LAN interfaces can be configured as follow:
• Local Access Only - LAN is dedicated to the management and it allows to reach the local CPU only
• In Band - LAN is configured to transport both management and data: management is differentiated
by dedicated VLan
• Out Of Band (OOB) - LAN is dedicated to the management and the management forwarded over
the radio is maintained segregated fro the data (in this application the segregation is virtually
achieved via LAN)
• Drop Node - LAN is dedicated to the management and it is possible to access to both local CPU and
the rest of the network.
The combinations of management configuration for LAN1 and LAN2 are shown in the following.
LAN2: Out Of Band LAN2 is local management only, dedicated bandwidth for the
management over the air
Fig.94
Fig.96
In Band - In Band
LAN1: In Band LAN1 and LAN2 are both for both data and management
LAN2: In Band
In Band - Disable
Fig.98
The management mode of equipment affects the Ethernet Channel and on the Switch configuration (RSTP,
OAM, …). Therefore it is important to decide the optimal configuration of traffic Ethernet and management,
to avoid blocking traffic conditions.
In out of band a dedicated service channel for management does not exist, but this is forwarded to radio
side using “internal Vlan stacking” with priority7, so that traffic IP with priority 7 could affect the speed of
management traffic.
The disabling of PortA interface can cause outage of management and IP traffic.
12.2.3 Address
The unit uses a single IP address associated at the management port of controller and a single "default
gateway".
The “RESTORE OF CPU ACCESS” command is available through Serial port (F03594 cable) via Hypertermi-
nal (115200bps,n,8,1):
• Login SYSTEM
• Password SIAEMICR
• LAN1 disable
13.1 GENERALS
There are several versions of ALFOplus, each of them with different hardware characteristics. If one of
these is inserted improperly in local and remote side, radio link does not work.
Following statements:
• you must have 2 ODUs, the first one working in the lower selected subband and the second one
working in the correspondent higher subband; e.g. 1L-1H, 2H - 2L, etc... (see Fig.99 and Fig.100).
Unit part number, hardware layout and equipment composition are subject to change without notice.
Every version is identified by a specific part number (see Tab.33) shown on a label attached on each ODU.
other information such as power consumption, allowed configuration, feature key, system version, part
number P/N and serial number S/N are also written.
2 B ALFOplus equipment
14 INTRODUCTION
14.1 GENERALS
This document describes technical specifications (international standards, frequency range, bandwidth,
power, sensitivities, ....) for all available frequencies of ALFOPlus.
15.1 FOREWORD
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: Class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3)
15.2 GENERAL
a. The frequency channel arrangement for this frequency band is based on national
regulations
Tab.35 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus channel bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment
Sub Band
RF Filter Tuning Range
Lower Half Limits [MHz] Upper Half Limits [MHz]
AS ASN [MHz]
4 a
7471 - 7527 7639 - 7695
4 a.
7540 - 7624 7785 - 7869
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7125 ÷ 7425 MHz - GO-RETURN: 154 MHz - 56 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7425 ÷ 7725 MHz - GO-RETURN: 154 MHz - 56 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7125 ÷ 7425 MHz - GO-RETURN: 161 MHz - 56 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7250 ÷ 7550 MHz - GO-RETURN: 161 MHz - 60 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7425 ÷ 7725 MHz - GO-RETURN: 161 MHz - 56 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7110.5 ÷ 7430.5 MHz - GO-RETURN: 168 MHz - 67 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7443 ÷ 7550 MHz - GO-RETURN: 168 MHz - 56 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7110 ÷ 7443 MHz - GO-RETURN: 196 MHz - 56 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 7425 ÷ 7900 MHz - GO-RETURN: 245 MHz - 84 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
4QAMs 28 26
4QAM 28 26
16QAMs 25 23
16QAM 25 23
32QAM 24 22
±2 dB
64QAM 24 22
128QAM 24 22
256QAM 24 22
512QAM 24 22
1024QAM 23 21
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode is
followed.
- Tx bandwidth see Tab.42
- Muting attenuation 60 dB
- Noise Figure 6 dB
16.1 FOREWORD
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: Class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3)
16.2 GENERAL
Tab.41 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus channel bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment
FREQUENCY RANGE: 10700 ÷ 11700 MHz - CEPT T/R 12-06 and ITU-R F.387-10- GO-RETURN: 490 MHz
- 180 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
FREQUENCY RANGE: 10700 ÷ 11700 MHz - CEPT T/R 12-06 and ITU-R F.387-10 - GO-RETURN: 530 MHz
- 180 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
Tab.45 - 10700 MHz - 11700 MHz band - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 490 MHz - Fre-
quency carrier limits
FREQUENCY RANGE: 10700 ÷ 11700 MHz - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101
Go-Return: 490 MHz - 180 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
Tab.46 - 10700 MHz - 11700 MHz band - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 500 MHz - Fre-
quency carrier limits
FREQUENCY RANGE: 10700 ÷ 11700 MHz - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101
Go-Return: 500 MHz - 30 MHz RF filter tuning range
SUB BAND 1
40 - - - -
SUB BAND 2
40 - - - -
4QAMs 27 25
4QAM 27 25
16QAMs 24 22
16QAM 24 22
32QAM 23 21
±2 dB
64QAM 23 21
128QAM 23 21
256QAM 23 21
512QAM 23 21
1024QAM 22 20
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode is
followed.
- Tx bandwidth see Tab.42
- Muting attenuation 60 dB
Tab.48
17.1 FOREWORD
• ITU-R F497 and CEPT Recommendation ERC/REC 12-02 for RF channel arrangement
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3).
17.2 GENERAL
Reference
Frequency Range [GHz] Duplex Spacing [MHz]
Recommendation
FREQUENCY RANGE: 12.75 ÷ 13.25 GHz - GO-RETURN: 266 MHzITU-R F.497 - CEPT ERC/REC 12-02 E -
f0=12996 MHz
FREQUENCY RANGE: 12.75 ÷ 13.25 GHz - GO-RETURN: 266 MHz -84 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
4QAMs 27 25
4QAM 27 25
16QAMs 24 22
16QAM 24 22
32QAM 23 21
±2 dB
64QAM 23 21
128QAM 23 21
256QAM 23 21
512QAM 23 21
1024QAM 22 20
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode is
followed.
- Tx bandwidth see Tab.51
18.1 FOREWORD
• ITU-R F.636 and CEPT Recommendation T/R 12-07 for RF channel arrangement
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: Class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3)
18.2 GENERAL
Frequency carrier limits are given in Tab.57, Tab.58, Tab.59, Tab.60, Tab.61 and Tab.62.
Tab.56 - Net Radio throughput in Mbit/s versus Channel Bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment
FREQUENCY RANGE:14501 ÷ 15348 MHz - GO-RETURN: 420 MHz - ITU-R F636 - f0=11701MHz
FREQUENCY RANGE: 14403 ÷ 15348 MHz - GO-RETURN: 490 MHz - ITU-R F636 - f0=11701MHz
FREQUENCY RANGE: 14501 ÷ 15348 MHz - GO-RETURN: 728 MHz - CEPT T/R 12-07 - f0=14924MHz
FREQUENCY RANGE: 14501 ÷ 15348 MHz - GO-RETURN: 420 MHz - 120 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 14403 ÷ 15348 MHz - GO-RETURN: 490 MHz - 120 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
FREQUENCY RANGE: 14501 ÷ 15348 MHz - GO-RETURN: 728 MHz - 120 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
FREQUENCY RANGE: 14600 ÷ 15240 MHz - GO-RETURN: 322 MHz - 92 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
SUB BAND 5
FREQUENCY RANGE: 14600 ÷ 15240 MHz - GO-RETURN: 315 MHz - 85 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
SUB BAND 4
SUB BAND 5
4QAMs 27 25
4QAM 27 25
16QAMs 24 22
16QAM 24 22
32QAM 23 21
±2 dB
64QAM 23 21
128QAM 23 21
256QAM 23 21
512QAM 23 21
1024QAM 22 20
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode
is followed.
- Muting attenuation 60 db
19.1 FOREWORD
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: Class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3)
19.2 GENERAL
Sub Band Lower Half Limits [MHz] Upper Half Limits [MHz] RF Filter Range [MHz]
Tab.68 - 17100 MHz ÷ 17300 MHz band - Go-return 144 MHz - Frequency carrier limits
SUB BAND 1
4QAMs 22 20
4QAM 22 20
16QAMs 20 18
16QAM 20 18
32QAM 18 16
±2 dB
64QAM 18 16
128QAM 18 16
256QAM 18 16
512QAM 18 16
1024QAM 17 15
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode is
followed.
- Muting attenuation: 60 dB
7 The maximum e.i.r.p. stated in CEPT ERC REC 70 Rec. should be 100mW
- Noise Figure 8 dB
20.1 FOREWORD
• ITU-R F.595 and CEPT Rec. T/R 12-03 for RF channel arrangement
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: Class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3)
20.2 GENERAL
Tab.72 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus Channel Bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment
4QAMs 9.295 11.408 16.393 23.231 32.956 32.117 46.462 58.078 65.912
4QAM 10.872 15.328 22.025 31.213 44.279 47.183 62.426 78.033 88.558
16QAMs 16.225 22.875 32.870 46.581 66.081 70.414 93.163 116.454 132.161
16QAM 21.080 29.720 42.705 60.520 85.854 91.484 121.040 151.300 171.708
32QAM 24.483 34.517 49.599 70.289 99.713 106.251 140.578 175.723 199.425
64QAM 30.293 42.707 61.368 86.968 123.373 131.373 173.936 217.420 246.746
128QAM 36.102 50.898 73.137 103.647 147.034 156.675 207.294 259.117 294.068
256QAM 41.912 59.088 84.906 120.326 170.694 181.887 240.651 300.814 341.389
512QAM 47.763 67.279 96.759 137.004 194.524 207.100 274.009 342.511 389.048
1024QAM 53.572 75.469 108.529 153.683 218.185 232.312 307.336 384.208 436.369
Sub Band Lower Half Limits [MHz] Upper Half Limits [MHz] RF Filter Range [MHz]
FREQUENCY RANGE: 17700 ÷ 18140 MHz paired with 19260 ÷ 19700 MHz -
GO-RETURN: 1560 MHz - ITU-R F.595 - Annex 7
FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101
Sub Band Lower Half Limits [MHz] Upper Half Limits [MHz] RF Filter Range [MHz]
FREQUENCY RANGE: 17700 ÷ 19700 MHz - ITU-R F.595 - Annex7- GO-RETURN: 1010 MHz - 359 MHz
RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
a. The actual channel bandwidth is compliant with a channel spacing of 7, 13.75, 27.5 and 55 MHz re-
spectively
FREQUENCY RANGE: 17700 ÷ 18140 MHz paired with 19260 ÷ 19700 MHz -
ITU-R F.595 - Annex 7 - GO-RETURN: 1560 MHz - 440 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
Tab.76 - 17700 MHz ÷ 18140 MHz paired with 19260 MHz 17700 MHz ÷ 19700 MHz band - FCC
CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 1560 MHz - Frequency carrier limits
FREQUENCY RANGE: 17700 ÷ 19700 MHz FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101
GO-RETURN: 1560 MHz - 440 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
4QAMs 23 21
4QAM 23 21
16QAMs 21 19
16QAM 21 19
32QAM 19 17
±2 dB
64QAM 19 17
128QAM 19 17
256QAM 19 17
512QAM 19 17
1024QAM 18 16
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode is
followed.
- Muting attenuation: 60 dB
21.1 FOREWORD
• ITU-R F.637-3 and CEPT Recommendation T/R 13-02 for RF channel arrangement
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3).
21.2 GENERAL
The frequency carrier limits are given in Tab.82, Tab.83 and Tab.84.
Tab.80 - Net radio throughtput in Mbit/s versus channel bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment
4QAMs 9.295 11.408 16.393 23.231 32.956 35.117 46.462 58.078 65.912
4QAM 10.872 15.328 22.025 31.213 44.279 47.183 62.426 78.033 88.558
16QAMs 16.225 22.875 32.870 46.581 66.081 70.414 93.163 116.454 132.161
16QAM 21.080 29.720 42.705 60.520 85.854 91.484 121.040 151.300 171.708
32QAM 24.483 34.517 49.599 70.289 99.713 106.251 140.578 175.723 199.425
64QAM 30.293 42.707 61.368 86.968 123.373 131.463 173.936 217.420 246.746
128QAM 36.102 50.898 73.137 103.647 147.034 156.675 207.294 259.117 294.068
256QAM 41.912 59.088 84.906 120.326 170.694 181.887 240.651 300.814 341.389
512QAM 47.763 67.279 96.759 137.004 194.524 207.100 274.009 342.511 389.048
1024QAM 53.572 75.469 108.529 153.529 218.185 232.312 307.336 384.208 436.369
RF Filter Tuning
Sub Band Lower Half Limits [MHz] Upper Half Limits [MHz]
Range [MHz]
RF Filter Tuning
Sub Band Lower Half Limits [MHz] Upper Half Limits [MHz]
Range [MHz]
RF Filter Tuning
Sub Band Lower Half Limits [MHz] Upper Half Limits [MHz]
Range [MHz]
FREQUENCY RANGE: 22000 ÷ 23600 MHz - GO-RETURN: 1008 MHz - ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 3 - 336 MHz
RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
FREQUENCY RANGE: 21200 ÷ 23600 MHz - GO-RETURN: 1232 MHz - ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 1 - 392-
336 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
FREQUENCY RANGE: 21200 ÷ 23600 MHz - GO-RETURN: 1200 MHz - ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 4 - 400 -
403.5 - 405.5 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
Tab.85 - 21200 MHz ÷ 23600 MHz band - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 1200 MHz - Fre-
quency carrier limits
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
SUB BAND 3
4QAMs 23 21
4QAM 23 21
16QAMs 21 19
16QAM 21 19
32QAM 19 17
±2 dB
64QAM 19 17
128QAM 19 17
256QAM 19 17
512QAM 19 17
1024QAM 18 16
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode is
followed.
- Tx bandwidth see Tab.81
- Muting attenuation 60 db
- Noise figure 7 dB
- whole temperature range (PC reading) ±3dB in the range -50dBm ÷ Thresholds @
BER=10-6
22.1 FOREWORD
• ITU-R F749-2 and CEPT Recommendation T/R 12-01 for RF channel arrangement
• EN 300 019 Climatic Characteristics (Operation: class 4.1 for ODU; storage: class 1.2; transport:
class 2.3).
22.2 GENERAL
Tab.91 - 37058 MHz ÷ 39438 MHz band - Go-Return 1260 MHz - frequency carrier limits
FREQUENCY RANGE: 37058 ÷ 39438 MHz - GO-RETURN: 1260 MHz - 560 MHz RF Filter Tuning Range
SUB BAND 1
SUB BAND 2
4QAMs 19 17
4QAM 19 17
16QAMs 17 15
16QAM 17 15
32QAM 15 13
±2 dB
64QAM 15 13
128QAM 15 13
256QAM 15 13
512QAM 15 13
1024QAM 14 12
- Transmit power with ACM Mean Constant Mode: All the selected ACM
profiles transmit the same output power level,
that is equal to the Maximum transmit power
indicated in the table above for the highest
modulation level selected.
Hybrid Mode: the ACM profiles above the
reference modulation transmit in Peak Constant
Mode (i.e. each modulation transmits the output
power indicated in the table above). Below the
reference modulation the Mean Constant Mode
is followed.
- Tx bandwidth see Tab.89
- Muting attenuation 60 db
- Noise Figure 9 dB
23 LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.16 -........................................................................................................................ 65
Fig.31 .......................................................................................................................... 94
Fig.32 .......................................................................................................................... 94
Fig.33 .......................................................................................................................... 95
Fig.34 .......................................................................................................................... 95
Fig.35 .......................................................................................................................... 96
Fig.36 .......................................................................................................................... 97
Fig.45 - Pin assignment M12 socket, 5-pos., A-coded, socket side view .............................. 103
Fig.61 - F03608 cable for pointing (remove it after commission pointing)............................ 118
Fig.62 - ALFOplus connectors ........................................................................................ 119
Tab.3 - Tx power............................................................................................................23
Tab.9 - Guaranteed Ethernet Throughput (Mbit/s) for ALFOplus without Ethernet compression and
fragmentation.................................................................................................................43
Tab.19 - Dimensions.......................................................................................................52
Tab.35 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus channel bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment .. 169
Tab.41 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus channel bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment .. 183
Tab.43 - 10700 MHz - 11700 MHz band - Go-return 490 MHz - Frequency carrier limits ......... 184
Tab.44 - 10700 MHz - 11700 MHz band - Go-return 530 MHz - Frequency carrier limits ......... 185
Tab.45 - 10700 MHz - 11700 MHz band - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 490 MHz - Fre-
quency carrier limits ...................................................................................................... 185
Tab.46 - 10700 MHz - 11700 MHz band - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 500 MHz - Fre-
quency carrier limits ...................................................................................................... 186
Tab.48 ........................................................................................................................188
Tab.49 - Frequency band............................................................................................... 190
Tab.50 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus Channel Bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment . 191
Tab.56 - Net Radio throughput in Mbit/s versus Channel Bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment .. 196
Tab.58 - 14501 - 14348 MHz band - Go-Return 420 MHz - Frequency carrier limits ............... 198
Tab.59 - 1403 - 15348 MHz band - Go-return 490 MHz - Frequency carrier limits.................. 199
Tab.60 - 14501 - 15348 MHz band - Go-Return 728 MHz - Frequency carrier limits ............... 200
Tab.61 - 14600 - 15240 MHz band - Go-Return 322 MHz - Frequency carrier limits ............... 201
Tab.62 - 14600 - 15240 MHz band - Go-Return 315 MHz - Frequency carrier limits ............... 202
Tab.66 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus Channel Bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment . 206
Tab.68 - 17100 MHz ÷ 17300 MHz band - Go-return 144 MHz - Frequency carrier limits ........ 206
Tab.72 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus Channel Bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment . 210
Tab.74 - 17700 MHz ÷ 19700 MHz band - Go-return 1010 - Frequency carrier limits ............. 211
Tab.75 - 17700 MHz ÷ 18140 MHz paired with 19260 MHz - 19700 MHz band go-return 1560 MHz
- Frequency carrier limits ............................................................................................... 212
Tab.76 - 17700 MHz ÷ 18140 MHz paired with 19260 MHz 17700 MHz ÷ 19700 MHz band - FCC
CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 1560 MHz - Frequency carrier limits................................. 212
Tab.80 - Net radio throughtput in Mbit/s versus channel bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment .. 217
Tab.82 - 21200 MHz ÷ 23600 MHz band - ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 3 and CEPT T/R 13-02 -
Go-return 1008 MHz - Frequency carrier limits .................................................................. 218
Tab.83 - 21200 MHz ÷ 23600 MHz band - ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 1 - Go-return 1232 MHz - Fre-
quency carrier limits ...................................................................................................... 219
Tab.84 - 21200 MHz ÷ 23600 MHz band - ITU-R F.637-3 Annex 4 - Go-return 1200 MHz - Frequen-
cy carrier limits ............................................................................................................. 220
Tab.85 - 21200 MHz ÷ 23600 MHz band - FCC CFR Title 47 Part 101 - Go-Return 1200 MHz - Fre-
quency carrier limits ...................................................................................................... 220
Tab.89 - Net Radio Throughput in Mbit/s versus Channel Bandwidth for ALFOplus equipment . 226
Tab.90 - RF filter sub-bands for ALFOplus 38 GHz ............................................................. 226
Tab.91 - 37058 MHz ÷ 39438 MHz band - Go-Return 1260 MHz - frequency carrier limits ...... 226
For more information, refer to the section relevant to the technical support on the Internet site of the com-
pany manufacturing the product.