TECHNICAL MEMO

ISSUED FOR REVIEW

To: Richard Lyell Date: April 4, 2017

From: Janick Lemay, Ali Azizian, W. Blair Gohl Project No.: 735-1662030100
Cc: Memo No: 735-1662030100-MEM-H0002-00
Subject: Ground Investigation Program / Stone Column Tendering Philosophy Draft

This ‘Issued for Review’ document is provided solely for the purpose of client review and presents our interim findings and
recommendations to date. Our usable findings and recommendations are provided only through an ‘Issued for Use’ document,
which will be issued subsequent to this review. Final design should not be undertaken based on the interim recommendations
made herein. Once our report is issued for use, the ‘Issued for Review’ document should be either returned to Tetra Tech
Canada Inc. (Tetra Tech) or destroyed.

1.0 GENERAL COMMENTS ON RATIONALE AND ANTICIPATED

DELIVERABLES FOR FOUNDATION PREPARATION STRATEGIES
Currently, the geotechnical and project management team within Tetra Tech (TT) and Amec Foster Wheeler (AFW)
anticipates being responsible for the following project deliverables:

 Completion of a Ground Investigation program (including preparation of a summary factual data report by about
mid-May 2017) consistent with the scope of work stated in a TT document dated March 21, 2017. The Ground
Investigation program is also including some in situ testing recommended by Acciona geotechnical engineers,
described below, which were not included in the original scope of work document.

 Developing a scope document for a proposed test section at the east end of the site in the area of the Operations
and Maintenance building.

 Producing tender documents for ground improvement using stone columns and associated drawings for the
entire site. It is understood that this tender document and drawings would be required by mid-May 2017.

Since full contractual agreements between TT, AFW and Acciona for the project are not yet officially in place and
due to the relatively short time frame between project award date (anticipated to be early April 2017) and the date
of deliverables listed above, TT/AFW consider it important to clarify to Acciona what the above deliverables will
include, particularly in the areas of assessing risk of construction schedule delays and potential cost over-runs.

2.0 GROUND INVESTIGATION PROGRAM

The ground investigation program (currently underway) is carrying out additional sonic drilling, mud rotary drilling,
Cone Penetration Testing (CPT), Standard Penetration Testing, Large-diameter Penetration Testing (LPT), in situ
field vane testing, soil sampling, geophysical testing, i.e. measurement of shear wave velocity using methods such
as down-hole, Seismic CPT, and Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW), and installation of instrumentation
(inclinometers) generally consistent with the March 21st scope document. Acciona geotechnical engineers have
also requested that: (a) pore pressure dissipation tests be carried out during CPT work in the upper and deeper
clay/silt deposits; (b) slotted standpipe piezometers be sealed into certain lower permeability layers in the upper
and lower silt/clay deposits to permit “slug tests” for soil permeability assessment; (c) review of geological processes
Tetra Tech Canada Inc.
Suite 1000 – 10th Floor, 885 Dunsmuir Street
Vancouver, BC V6C 1N5 CANADA
Tel 604.685.0275 Fax 604.684.6241
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responsible for deposition of the soil profile at the site in order to assess the potential degree of over-consolidation
of the soil materials; (d) the possible use of pressuremeter testing to assess over-consolidation of the deeper
silt/clay deposits. Additional consolidation lab testing on relatively undisturbed tube samples of the upper and
deeper clay/silt will also be carried out to assess the stress history and compressibility characteristics. Cyclic shear
testing on reconstituted samples of densified sand and silty sand, as well as undisturbed tube samples of the upper
and deeper clay/silt materials will also be carried out to assess post-cyclic volume change characteristics. The
above lab tests are consistent with the March 21st scope of work document. It is likely that all lab consolidation
tests will not be completed by mid-May 2017 in time for the Ground Investigation factual data report submission
date. Lab testing will be fast-tracked to support the stone column design. The factual data report will be updated
when all lab test information is available. This is not expected to affect stone column design which is on the critical
path of the construction schedule.

The Ground Investigation program will respond to items (a) to (c) listed above. Included in item (c) will be
radiocarbon dating of soil sediments recovered at various depths down to as much as the 90 m depth to attempt to
distinguish between glaciated Pleistocene deposits with geologic ages in excess of about 11,000 years BP (before
present) and post-glacial Holocene deposits. The post-glacial clay/silt Holocene deposits are expected to be more
compressible than the glaciated deposits although the Holocene deposits may be lightly over-consolidated due to
ageing effects. We are not able to respond to the requested item (d) at this time in order to complete the currently
scoped Ground Investigation program by end of April 2017. This work could, however, be considered later on
without adversely impacting schedule and may have additional benefit in assessing over-consolidation
characteristics of the deeper Holocene clay/silt materials.

We consider that the Ground Investigation program currently underway will augment the pre-existing geotechnical
site data in the following specific areas:

 Providing further information on thicknesses, compressibility characteristics, degree of over-consolidation and

time rates of consolidation for the upper and deeper Holocene clay/silt materials. This will be primarily useful
in assessing required durations of preloading and preload fill heights proposed for site preparation, and
assessing magnitudes of long term primary and secondary settlement under future sustained building loads.
The data may indicate that the deeper silt/clay materials are lightly over-consolidated and drain relatively
quickly, thereby shortening the required durations of preloading;

 Providing additional granular soil density information, particularly in the sand and silty sand deposits below
about the 18 m depth, and confirming requirements for depths of densification using vibro-replacement (stone
columns). Currently it is proposed that densification be carried out to the 30 m depth below existing ground
surface. The additional geotechnical data may permit this depth to be reduced;

 Providing additional geophysical test data (shear wave velocity profiles) to permit updating of seismic site
response analysis and confirming design elastic response spectra used in dynamic structural analysis; and

 Providing cyclic test data of various soil types to calibrate seismic soil-structure interaction analysis used in
stone column design. Cyclic volume change parameters of the various soil types (sand, silty sand, silt/clay and
gravelly soils) are important in order to assess the required degree of stone column replacement of the native
soils under the more heavily loaded structures and foundations in order to meet project seismic design
requirements.

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3.0 PROPOSED TEST SECTION AT EAST END OF SITE (OPERATIONS

AND MAINTENANCE BUILDING)

A test section has been proposed by Acciona at the east end of the site in the area of the Operations and
Maintenance (O&M) Building. The TT/AFW geotechnical design team concur with this recommendation. It is noted
that available data indicate there are limited thicknesses of clay/silt materials above the 12 m depth in the area of
the O&M building. Therefore the preload test section will likely not be indicative of time rates of consolidation in
other areas of the site where the upper clay/silt is thicker. It is anticipated that the test section will include:

 Construction of a minimum of 100 stone columns having a minimum column diameter of 800 mm using an area
replacement ratio of 10% down to a depth of 30 m. The stone columns will be constructed using wet, top feed
methods and will likely require pre-drilling over the upper 18 m of the columns to permit construction of the
columns within the gravel/cobble layers. Care will need to be taken to install relatively free draining stone
columns to provide maximum drainage effect. The stone columns will need to be installed to achieve a minimum
equivalent clean sand (N1)60-cs value of 30. The layout of the stone column test section relative to the footprint
of the O&M building has not yet been determined but will be provided to Acciona by mid-May 2017;

 Ground movement monitoring (including the use of surface survey pins and inclinometers) will need to be
undertaken to measure the zone of influence of stone column construction on ground displacements (vertical
and lateral). This information is intended primarily to assess the influence of stone column construction on the
CN Rail line;

 The degree of ground densification will be assessed using Standard Penetration Testing (using energy
calibrated drop hammers) in finer grained soil deposits (silt/clay, silt, sandy silt, silty sand, sand) and in coarser
grained deposits (gravelly sand, sand and gravel including cobbles) using Becker Density Testing. Interpretation
of the raw blow count data and corrections for fines content will be made using commonly accepted geotechnical
engineering approaches. The intent is to demonstrate that a (N1)60-cs value of 30 is achieved in granular soils
having fines contents less than 30%. Fines contents will be measured on selected soil samples recovered using
mud rotary drilling and Becker hammer drilling. Significant gain in SPT blow count in highly silty soils with fines
contents greater than about 20% will not be expected;

 Following completion of the test stone columns and associated in situ verification testing, vibrating wire
piezometers will be installed at various depths in the upper clay/silts (where present) at the centroids of the
stone column triangular patterns and in the deeper Holocene clay/silt materials. Surface settlement gauges with
riser pipes, extensometers, and deep settlement gauges will be placed at various locations and depths.
Movement monitoring of CN Rail will also be carried out. Details of instrumentation will be provided later.
Settlement gauges and piezometers will be placed under the preload fill (see below);

 Preload fill will then be placed over a large enough area and having a sufficient height to stress the deeper
clay/silts to a level representative of the most heavily loaded building foundations. Details of the preload fill
layout will be provided later; and

 Response of the various instruments will be monitored to measure settlement versus time, lateral ground
movement versus time (using the inclinometers), and pore water pressure response versus time (using the
vibrating wire piezometers). The instrument response will be used to assess time rate of consolidation of the
upper clay/silts (where present) and the deeper Holocene clay/silt materials. The movement monitoring of CN
Rail will also be used to assess the impact of preloading on the rail line.

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The main information developed from the test fill is:

 Assessment of the effects of stone column construction on ground displacements versus distance from stone
column construction and potential impact of stone column construction on CN Rail track movements. It is
anticipated that the stone column contractor will use his experience to use construction methods to minimize
offsite ground movements. The ground movement monitoring will provide information to Acciona on whether a
“hardened barrier” along the southern edge of the site will need to be constructed to mitigate ground
displacement effects on CN Rail during stone column construction. It is stressed that this information is specific
to the soil conditions at the south-eastern edge of the site and may not be applicable elsewhere along the
southern property line, depending on soil relative density at various locations and depths along the rail line.
Therefore ground movement monitoring in the vicinity of CN Rail (and also Philip Ave. Overpass) will need to
be carried out at all times during stone column installation. This movement monitoring may indicate that a
hardened barrier needs to be constructed over portions of the site. It may be desirable to construct other stone
column test sections along the southern property line to assess offsite effects early on in the construction
process to determine whether this hardened barrier is or is not required.

 The stone column contractor will gain information about degree of difficulty of constructing stone columns to 30
m depth and level of densification achievable. Note that the Ground Investigation program (previously
discussed) will also indicate whether stone columns need to be constructed to the 30 m depth.

 The stone column contractor will gain information about the optimum sequencing of stone columns to minimize
offsite ground movement effects caused by stone column construction.

 Assessment of time rates of consolidation under a maximum height preload fill, particularly within the deeper
Holocene clay/silt deposits. It is anticipated that the upper clay/silt zones (where present) will drain relatively
quickly due to the presence of stone columns (provided these are relatively free draining). This information will
be used by Acciona to assess preload sequencing and schedule over the remainder of the site and for how
long preload fills need to be in place in order to take out the majority of settlement under sustained building
loads.

 Assessment of impact of preload fill placement on CN Rail track movement. If significant track movements
occur, then a hardened barrier may need to be constructed.

As noted above, additional stone column test sections are considered desirable. These should also be constructed
early on in the construction process along the rail line and adjacent to Philip Ave. Overpass to confirm whether
excessive ground movements occur to these facilities and whether a hardened barrier is necessary to reduce this
movement.

In summary, the above test section in the vicinity of the O&M building (and potentially elsewhere) will be useful to
assess risk of construction delays due to slower rates of consolidation during preloading, and whether a hardened
barrier is likely to be necessary along the southern property line parallel to the C.N. Rail line and along the western
boundary parallel to the Philip Ave. Overpass.

4.0 STONE COLUMN CONTRACTING STRATEGY

The project schedule, as developed by Acciona, requires stone column tendering work to proceed (due by mid-May
2017) before all elements of the entire site’s stone column design can be finalized for construction purposes. As
such, a staged release of construction documentation to the contractor will be necessary to update the original
tender documents and to support later installation schedule.

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For project risk management purposes, we understand that Acciona prefers that the stone column contractor will
be provided with a Performance Specification. This specification will define, as key variables, the following:

 Minimum stone column diameter;

 Minimum stone column depth(s);

 Minimum area replacement ratio(s);

 Minimum required degree of soil densification expressed in terms of a minimum required (N1)60-cs with suitable
corrections for fines content (discussed previously);

 Quality and gradation of aggregate used in stone column construction;

 Use of construction procedures to minimize (as much as practical) offsite vibration or ground movement effects.

The above information cannot be finalized for the entire site in time for tender document submission. To provide
Acciona the means to enter into a contract for all stone column work at site, while having reasonable cost control
and management processes available, the design team is generally proposing the following as the basis for
tendering this work:

 The stone column design generally as developed during the pursuit phase will be used to define the scope of
work. We understand that some layout and design changes to the pursuit configuration are pending but that
the scope of these changes are such that the contractors will nevertheless have a reasonable basis for pricing
the overall stone column work that is expected at the site.

 Information that is being collected in the early works geotechnical Ground Investigation, as relevant to the stone
column contractor, will also be included in the tender package.

 The tender documentation will request unit pricing, to manage potential changes between the tender and issued
for construction designs, for the following parameters at a minimum:

− Changes in the minimum area replacement ratio;

− Changes in the minimum stone column depth;

The unit pricing (expressed as a price per lineal metre of stone column installed) should apply to an increase or a
decrease in either of these parameters. The engineering team will endeavour to fix the minimum stone column
diameter at the time of tender so that this is not a variable for unit pricing purposes.

 The detailed analysis in preparation for the Issued for Construction (IFC) drawings may indicate that additional
foundation elements or additional localized densification may be necessary in some areas of the site. To
provide flexibility to apply the most cost-effective solution, the tender document will also request pricing for cast-
in place piles. Acciona has indicated that piling is not desirable and, as such, will only be considered as a last
resort to provide localized ground reinforcement versus needing greater stone column work. The added ground
reinforcement could be required under more heavily loaded foundations in order to meet stringent Project
Agreement requirements for limiting post-seismic foundation settlement and rotation.

The actual Issued for Construction (IFC) stone column drawings will be released to the contractor in a phased
manner, as stated in the schedule. The unit pricing, provided by the contractor as part of the tender, can then be
used to calculate the pricing addition or deduction relative to the tender scope. The Issued for Tender (IFT) stone
column documents cannot account for pricing or schedule changes resulting for the need for additional stone
columns (or additional reinforcing by piles) which cannot be determined by mid-May 2017.

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