‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Multiplexing) ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬

٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 EMultiplexingF‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

- ١٥٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ١ J٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KEMultiplexingF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬– JF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬

Multiplexing

FDM TDM STDM

Syn. Asyn.

(١-٦)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 EFrequency Division Multiplexing -FDMF‫א‬‫ א‬٢ J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  B.Wch. ≥ B.W1 + B.W2 + B.W3 + - - - - - + B.Wn
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬

- ١٥٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 
KE٢ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
S1 S1
S2 De-
S2  
MUX Ch1 Ch2 Ch n MUX  
Sn Sn  
(٢-٦)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E٣ J٦F‫א‬K١٦٠٥K٥٣٥‫א‬
ECATVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٦
 
 
 




- ١٥٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  


 

 
 
 
 EFDM Carrier SystemsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١ J٢ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬AT&T‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ITU-T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٥٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 EBasic GroupF‫א‬‫א‬ J
١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AT&T-FDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬EK٤‫א‬F
٤٨K١٠٨ K٦٠‫א‬AM-SSB
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢  ‫א‬K
 KE٤ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ESuper GroupF‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  AT&T- FDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
AM-SSB E٦٠F
‫א‬ K٢٤٠K٦١٢K٤٢٠‫א‬
‫א‬ KK٤٨‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬LK٥٠
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٥٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 EMaster GroupF‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AT&T-FDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
AM-SSBE٦٠٠F‫א‬
٢٤٠٠FK٢٥٢٠K٣٣٢٤K٥٦٤‫א‬
K K٢٥٢‫א‬‫א‬EK١٢٠HK
‫א‬L
 K٢٥٠ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 EJumbo GroupF‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ AT&T-FDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
AM-SSB‫א‬E٣٦٠٠F‫א‬
٢٠{٥٤٨  ٣{٥٦٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١{٨٦٤H١٥{١٢F١٦{٩٨٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٢{٨٣١
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE١٠٨٠٠F‫א‬
- ١٥٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 ETime Division Multiplexing -TDMF‫א‬‫ א‬٣ J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
Eslot  ‫א‬  F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W
Rch. ≥ R1 + R2 + R3 + - - - - - - + Rn
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Rch.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١ J٣ J٦

 ESynchronous Time Division MultiplexingF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ FBuffers 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬KKKKKKKKK
 KE٦ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٥٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 
Demultiplexer‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧ J٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 
 EFramingF‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eframing bitsF‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

، ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٨ J٦F‫א‬1‫א‬0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 EBit StuffingF‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬(bit stuffingF‫א‬
multiplexer) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
clock F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEpulses
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K(De-multiplexerF‫א‬

- ١٦١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KK٢Z‫א‬W١
 KK٤Z‫א‬W٢
 KK٢Z‫א‬W٣
 KL٧٢٠٠Z‫א‬‫א‬W١١ J٤‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KPCM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
KK٤Z2f1Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
KK٨Z2f2Z‫א‬‫א‬  J
WK٤Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬H٢ ‫א‬H١ ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
 KE٩ J٦F‫א‬Z٣‫א‬

t
Source 1

Source 2

t
Source 3

(٩-٦)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

١٦  ‫א‬‫א‬،٤

 K١٦L٤٠٠٠Z

- ١٦٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

PCM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
KLK٦٤Z١٦×K٤Zn.fZ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬  J
٨‫א‬‫א‬ L
 K٨L
 K٧{٢‫א‬‫א‬
K٢
K٦٤Z٨×K٨Z  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
KL
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PCM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KLK١٢٨Z٢×LK٦٤Z‫א‬٣٢Z٨×٢H١٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٦F‫ א‬ J
 
 

16 bits PCM-TDM 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
bits bits bits bits bits bits bits bits

32 bits frame

١٠-٦ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 EDigital ServicesF‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 J‫א‬ JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 WSwitched 56/ Service‫א‬L٥٦‫ א‬E١
L
 K٥٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Digital Service Unit (DSU)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KL
 K٥٦‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EDigital Data Service -DDSF‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
LK٦٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ Kdigital leased line‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EDigital Signal Service –DSSF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬DDSDSU‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 EAT&T-TDM Digital Carrier System)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
ECCITT-TDM Digital Carrier Sys.F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

- ١٦٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
EDigital Carrier Systems-AT&TF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١ J٤ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬T-1‫א‬Digital Signal Format ( DS-1)
‫א‬KT-1Carrier Line ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٤Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KK٤Z‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KK٨Z‫א‬ K٣
Kµ-Companding Law ‫א‬١٢٨ZQ،‫א‬ K٤
K٧Zn،‫א‬ K٥
K١Z‫א‬ K٦
K١Z‫א‬ K٧
K١٩٣Z١HE١H٧F×٢٤ZNZ‫א‬ K٨
KL١{٥٤٤Z١٩٣×K٨ZN.fsZRZ‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
KDS-1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٦F‫א‬

Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.24 Fb

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits

193 bits

125
micro sec

١١-٦ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 

- ١٦٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
AT&T-‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬TDM
 J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KAT&T‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 

- ١٦٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 AT&T-TDM‫א‬

‫א‬ DS ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 T1 DS-1  LK١{٥٤٤  ٢٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T1-c DS-1c  LK٣{١٥٢  ٤٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T2 DS-2  LK٦{٣١٢  ٩٦   J J‫א‬
T3 DS-3  LK٤٤{٧٣٦  ٦٧٢  J J
T4 DS-4  LK٢٧٤{١٧٦  ٤٠٣٢  J J
 T5 DS-5  LK٥٦٠{١٦  ٨٠٦٤  J J
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥ J٦
Multiplexing (STDM) Asynchronous Statistical Time-Division
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ، ٢٠ J
٢٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
‫א‬PCM-TDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JG
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KSTDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ESystem PerformanceF‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬STDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬k‫א‬n
‫א‬‫א‬k‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬k<n
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
HDLC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٦F
 KSTDM

- ١٦٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

١٣-٦ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Beginning Address Control STDM FCS Encoding

Flag Field Field Data Field Flag

 
 ١٣ J٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 EWave-Division Multiplexing -WDMF‫א‬‫ א‬٦ J٦
FDM‫א‬‫א‬WDM‫א‬‫א‬ 
De-mux.‫א‬‫א‬Mux.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EMultiplexingF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
prism‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Fdiffraction grating‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٦٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Mux.
E١٥ J٦F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 ‫א‬،L‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٧٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 ESynchronous Optical Network –SONETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٧ J٦
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬CCITT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ SONET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KSynchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SDHSONET‫א‬‫א‬
Synchronous Transport ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SONET‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٥١{٨٤Signal Level-1 (STS-1)
 K‫א‬SDHSONET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KL
SONET electrical SONET Optical Bit rate M bit/sec. SDH electrical
signal signal signal
STS – 1 OC – 1 51.84 -
STS – 3 OC - 3 155.52 STM – 1
STS – 9 OC - 9 466.56 STM – 3
STS – 12 OC - 12 622.08 STM - 4
STS – 18 OC - 18 933.12 STM - 6
STS – 24 OC - 24 1244.16 STM - 8
STS – 36 OC - 36 1866.24 STM – 12
STS – 48 OC - 48 2488.32 STM – 16
STS - 192 OC - 192 9953.28 STM – 64
 SDHSONET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ١٦‫א‬‫א‬WDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
٤٠ZL
 ٢{٥×١٦OC – 48 ‫א‬
OC - 192‫א‬  ٣٢‫א‬‫א‬،L
‫א‬‫א‬L
 ٣٢٠ZL
 ١٠×٣٢
 KE١٦ J٦FOC – nSTS – n‫א‬
 

- ١٧١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 
 

- ١٧٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W١
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 
 ‫؟‬،FDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬TDM‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W٦
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،LK٦٤‫א‬‫א‬DS-0‫א‬W٧
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 FDM -
‫א‬‫א‬TDM -
‫א‬‫א‬TDM -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
 ‫؟‬‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-

- ١٧٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬-
K‫א‬-

 ، ‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬TDM‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 N -
n +1 -
n -1 -
n/2 –


 ،‫א‬n‫א‬‫א‬TDM‫א‬  J

 KnKKKKKKKKKKKKKKm،‫א‬‫א‬m
 K-
K-
K-
K-
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،AT&T – FDM‫א‬  J
 KK٤×‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
KK٤×‫א‬-
KLK٨×‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
KLK٨×‫א‬-
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬  J
 FDM-
K‫א‬‫א‬TDM-
K‫א‬‫א‬TDM-
WDM-

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩
- ١٧٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٦  ‫א‬
 EMultiplexingF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 KFDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-
KK٤٥‫א‬-
K٢٠٠-

K١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬TDM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠
، ‫א‬‫א‬،LK١٤{٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬T-1Line‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٧٥ -