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    © All Rights Reserved
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    14 views11 pages

    Paper On Monpole

    Uploaded by

    Md Mohsin
    paper on monopole

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Publication No. 329 Cos CIGRE- AORC TECHNICAL MEETING 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POWER TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS INCLUDING SMART GRID 24" - 26" February 2016, New Delhi PROCEEDINGS Organised by Technical Partners ‘CIGRE Inca ete Beard of iegation & Power CIGRE-AORG Technical Meeting 2016 — Intemational Conference on Global Trends in the Development of Power Transmission & Disinbution Systems incluaing Smart Grd, 24-28 Feb. 2018, New Dei, india EMERGING SOLUTIONS FOR LINE COMPACTION D. Prasad*, R. Kumaran, G. Agarwal, P.K. Reddy, Md. I, Khan Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd. (India) SUMMARY ‘This paper presents various solutions for Tine compaction. The paper presents four emerging technologies that support increased power transmission capacity for a given right of way (RoW) and clearance level. Use of high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductor, which has relatively low sag at high operating temperatures, is suggested to reduce the height of the tower: Sag-tension calculations were made at different temperature levels and comparison was made toindicate how the usage of HTLS can have an impact on line compaction. Insulated crossarms can restrict the inward and outward swinging of the insulator. Since the insulators are directly attached to the tower, a metallic crossarm is not required and thereby, the load on tower is reduced. Monopole structures, which have a very small footprint are suggested instead of “broader lattice tower. Monopoles are more flexible and have improved stability against wind loads. Testing of monopole structure at different load conditions is also presented. Interphase spacers are presented as an optional feature to prevent conductor galloping on EHV lines. Different types of interphase spacers are discussed in brief, At the end, a comparison is made between conventional towers with a monopole type structure with insulated crossarm, KEYWORDS RoW; Compact; HTLS; Monopole; Insulated crossarm; Interphase spacer. 1. Introduction There is a continuous increase in electric power demand due to technological advancement and rising living standards. This increase in power demand has resulted in an over ‘utilization of the transmission system. Growth in industrialization, increasing per- capita income and rapid urbanization has led to s ~50% growth in the installed power generation ‘capacity over the last 5 years. However, transmission capacity has grown only by ~30%. * engineeringteam@supreme.in, dharmbirprasad@yahoo,com: 261 ‘New generating stations using conventional fuels such as coal, gas ete. and larges renewable plants are being developed to mect the power demand, To accommodate the demand and generation, it is imperative to cither upgrade their existing infrastructure or provide new corridors for power transmis several aspecis like RoW, environmental issues, cost of development must be taken j account. Of all the issues, the most important impediment is securing RoW. High land pri and difficulties in getting permission from landowners have enforced the power soto explore an altemative solution to improve the power transmission capacity. These const can be overcome with the new and innovative design concepts which led to the compatt transmission line (CTL) formation, 2. Description of CTL and its’ components The basic concept of power transmission using CTL is same as that of a convention transmission line ie., to transmit power at higher voltage level to reduce losses dati transmission. The most important hurdle in transmitting power at higher voltage is provid the required electrical clearance along the line. This is because as the transmission line voltag increases, the required clearance level also increases [1]. This increase results in a larger requirement which can be minimized with the help of compact transmission line Line compaction is the reduetion of tower dimension such that it leads to the redi of RoW requirement compared to a conventional tower of same voltage level. The desi stmeture, conductor materials and hardware accessories has evolved in CTL to reduce R requirement [2]. ICuses basic components that are designed with the goal of tine compaction ‘may include certain concepts like usage of composite post insulators 2s crossarm to restitt conductor swinging, interphase spacers to avoid conductor galloping, use of high performang conductor and monopoles with less footprint [3]. The most important aspect of cor transmission line is to design a structure which is compact, at an acceptable cost withol compromising reliability and safety standards. Four components which contributes for compaction is discussed in the following sections. 2.1, HTLS conductor HITLS conductors are gaining more attention in the field of transmission over the past few years. It allows the thermal rating of the line has to be increased [4]. Many of the HTLS conductors are made of strands that are non-cylindrical (Ze, trapezoidal) as portrayed in Fig. 1, which enables them to incorporate more Aluminium thereby allowing the conductor to carry more amount of current. HTLS conductor, not only carry a large amount of current, they carry it ata sag very less when compared with a conventional conductor. Another unique feature of HTLS is that their core is made of glass ig, 1 Cross sectional view of fibre composite material rather than steel as in ACER and HTLS conductor, conventional conductor. Steel in ACSR conductors has high coefficient of lincar expansion which makes them to sag mote at higher temperature. But the composite core of HTLS does not expand easily and hence offers a less amount of sag wi compared with an equivalent ACSR conductor. 262 2, 1g performance of ACSR and HTLS Sag calculation will be the primary asset that need to be determined while designing a _ transmission line. It is one of the most important factor which determines the height of the tower. The catenary of a transmission line is usually considered to be a parabola and the sag ‘with respect to particular tensioning of the conductor is determined using Eq. (1). S-WL8T oy where $_:Sag of the conductor, W ; Weight of the total conductor load, L_: Span of the conductor and T : Working tension in the conductor. Sag of the conductor depends upon the coefficient of linear expansion of the conductor and modulus of elasticity [5]. These two parameters determine the conductor expansion and allowable tension. Usually, worst case scenario (ie.. the maximum operating temperature) of the conductor under no wind condition is considered for determining the height of the conductor. It is under this condition the conductor tends to have maximum sag. To verify the sag performance of ACSR and HTLS conductor, sag was calculated for s operating temperature. For this purpose, an ACSR *Moose* which is traditionally used 400 KV line is compared with a HTLS of same diameter. Calculation is made for a span of 400 m with an average wind speed of 45 m/sec and terrain category of 2. ACSR ‘Moose’ has a sximum operating temperature of 85°C whereas HTLS can be operated even about 200°C. 15 | 20 70 120 170 i —®HTLS ——ACSR ‘Temperature (°C) 1 , Fig. 2 Comparison of sag between ACSR and HTLS, When ACSR is subjected to its maximum temperature, the conductor sags are calculated 13.6 m. At the same temperature, HTLS sags only about 10.8 m and thereby give us tion of tower height by almost 2.8 m (as presented in Fig. 2). Replacement of ACSR by ives us a reduction of almost 20 % of the overall height of the tower. ted crossarm The freedom of movement provided to the insulator string determines the clearance that e provided for the line, Clearance should be given to both inward and outward a of the insulator. Instead of attaching the insulator from metallic crossarm, if we directly to the tower, itis possible to restrict the insulator swinging and thereby the ical clearance. This concept is known as insulated crossarm which was started from 1960s [6]. Another factor that must be considered while designing a ‘transmission tower is the length of the insulator string, As the voltage rating increase, the insulator chain length also increases. But in the case of insulated crossarm, the insulators are strung in horizontal manner which greatly teduces the height of the tower. But for attaching. insulators horizontally, they must have high bending strength and high ultimate strain [7] ‘Composite insulators made of silicone rubber are employed for this purpose. Insulated crossarm consists of a brace made of long rod composite insulator which works under tension and a post insulator that mostly works under compression caused by the horizontal load such as wind [8] The vertical load such as the conductor (and ice load if present) are taken up by the brace, Precaution must be taken so that the brace of the insulated crossarm is never been subjected to a compression which will result in the contact of metallic fittings and thereby leading (0 radio interference voltage (RIV) disturbances *% RIGID

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