CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Malaria is infectious diseases by plasmodium parasite there are
plasmodium malariae, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium
ovale which can only be seen with a microscope and transmitted by malaria
mosquito (anopheles. Malaria can infacted all of people, men or women, from
baby to adult. Malaria usually infacted people who living in areas with lots of
puddles, like fields, beach, hills and forest (Depkes RI, 2004).
Based on RI Department of Health 2003 malaria is infectious diseases by
some plasmodium parasite which life and growth in the human hemoglobin and
this diseases transmitted by mosquito anopheles female. Malaria is one of all
infectious diseases whit life parasite which life and growth in the human
hemoglobin and transmitted by mosquito from one person to another people.
Malaria is a diseases by plasmodium and transmitted to people by
anopheles mosquito. (Harijanto, 2000)
Symptom Malaria disease are coldness and body shivering, increased
body temperature and rapid pulse (Nadesul, 1995)

B. Problem Formulation
1. What is malaria?
2. What are clinic manifestation of malaria?
3. What the sympthom of malaria?
4. What are caution of malaria ?
5. How to prevent and treatment malaria disease?
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition
Malaria is a parasitic disease which infected by plasmodium that attacks
erythrocytes and is characterized by the discovery of asexual forms in the blood.
Malaria symptoms are fever, chills, anemia and splenomegaly. This infacted
disease very dominant in tropic and sub-tropic area. Plasmodium falciparum is
kind of parasite tropica malaria which often leads to death. It is a protozoa which
transfer to human by famale Anopheles mosquito bite in the sunrise and sunset.
Malaria can also because of changes in the immediate environment like
global warming. Tempetature changing, relative humidity, and extreme rainfall
resulted in mosquitoes lay more often.

B. Clinic Manifestation of Malaria

First sign of malaria disease are cold and dizzing. Patient shivering or
shaking about 15 minutes until 1 hour. Fever with 40 degrees temperature or
more. Patient is weak, rash skin and delirious. Fever ends after couple hour, began
to sweat and the temperature decreased. After that, the patient feels weak but the
condition is not worries.

C. Symptoms
The symptoms or malaria are:
a. Cold Period. Began from frostbite, cold skin and dry. This period came
about 15 minutes until 1 hour with temperature rises.
b. Warm Period. Rash skin, cold skin and dry, fast pulse and fever until 400C
or more, respiration increases, chepalgia, anoreksia and syock. This period
longer than cold period, it is about two hours or more with sweat
condition.
c. Sweat Periode. Starting from the temporal, followed by the whole body,
until wet, the temperature down, tired, and often fall asleep.
D. Caution of Malaria Disease
a. Pain of malaria very skin alive the patient.
b. Weakness of the body make the patient cannot do as usually
c. Malaria can be killer for childern and babies
d. Blocking the brain development, it may cause the children dan babies are
fool

E. Laboratorium Check Up
a. Microscopic test
b. Rapid Diagnostic Test
c. Continues test for acute malaria:
a) Routine blood test
b) EKG
c) torax rontgen
d) Analisis cerebrospinalis liquid
e) Urinalysis

F. Malaria Treatment and Prevention

Antimalaria medicine are:
a. Chloroquine
Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinolyn synthetic. Chloroquine is blood
skizontosyde which efective for all of plasmodium.
b. Quinine and quinidine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This
includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum
that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available.
c. Proquanil
d. Tetrasiklin
e. Klindamisin

Preventive act for malaria, are:

a. Try to sleep with the mosquito net
b. Try to do effective preventive treatment
c. Keep clean the environment
d. DDT fogging

CHAPTER III
CONCLUTION
 Malaria is a parasitic disease which infected by plasmodium that attacks
erythrocytes and is characterized by the discovery of asexual forms in the blood.
Caution of Malaria Disease
1. Pain of malaria very skin alive the patient.
2. Weakness of the body make the patient cannot do as usually
3. Malaria can be killer for childern and babies
4. Blocking the brain development, it may cause the children dan babies are
fool
Laboratorium Check Up
1. Microscopic test
2. Rapid Diagnostic Test
3. continues test for acute malaria
Antimalaria medicines, are:
a. Chloroquine
Chloroquine is a 4-aminoquinolyn synthetic. Chloroquine is blood
skizontosyde which efective for all of plasmodium.
b. Quinine and quinidine
c. Proquanil
d. Tetrasiklin
e. Klindamisin
Preventive act for malaria, are:
a. Try to sleep with the mosquito net
b. Try to do effective preventive treatment
c. Keep clean the environment
d. DDT fogging

REFERRENCES
Day 1998. Nyamuk Penular Malaria, Dalam Jurnal Data dan Informasi Kesehatan,
Pusdatin, Depkes RI, Jakarta 2003.

Depkes RI, Pedoman Ekologi dan Aspek Perilaku Vektor, Direktorat Jenderal
PPM-PL, Departemen Kesehatan RI, Jakarta 2001.

http://malariana.blogspot.com/2008/11/malaria-diagnosis.html

http://www.anneahira.com/pencegahan-penyakit/malaria.htm

Nugroho, Agung. 2010. Malaria Dari Molekuler ke Klinis.Jakarta : EGC