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NUSFlatSlab PDF
NUSFlatSlab PDF
Advanced Structural
Concrete Design
CE 5510 - 2004
• Column Heads
• Division of Panels
• Deflection
• Crack Control
• Shear
• Arrangement of Reinforcement
CE 5510 - 2004
Class Objectives
•Identify the types of slab construction, summarizing
the advantages and disadvantages of each
•Explain the methods of analysis of slabs
•Determine the design moments of one-way and two way
slabs
•Design of flat slabs covering:
division into strips, edge and corner columns,
punching shear and provision of shear
reinforcement
CE 5510 - 2004
Recommended Reading
• James G. MacGregor, “REINFORCED CONCRETE:
Mechanics and Design”, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall,
1997, Ch. 13 and 14.
• Allen, A. H., “REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
TO BS8110 SIMPLY EXPLAINED”, E&FN Spon,
London 1988, Ch. 14
•The next few slides are from the Reinforced Concrete Council
CE 5510 - 2004
Types of slabs
CE 5510 - 2004
CE 5510 - 2004
CE 5510 - 2004
Flat Slab
CE 5510 - 2004
CE 5510 - 2004
CE 5510 - 2004
Analysis of Slabs
course
CE 5510 - 2004
Simplified
CE 5510 - 2004
∆ = kwl 4
CE 5510 - 2004
nAB and nDE are portions of total load intensity transferred to AB and
DE respectively.
4 4
wl wl
n AB = 4 4 x
nDE =
y
l y + lx l +l
4
y
4
x
CE 5510 - 2004
Mid Span
Moments
- corner supported
CE 5510 - 2004
Approximate
moment in
one direction
in slabs
supported on
columns at
corners
CE 5510 - 2004
Midspan
moment
- edge
supported
CE 5510 - 2004
Approximate
distribution of
moment in one
direction in
slabs with
symmetrical
supports on
four sides
CE 5510 - 2004
Moment
CE 5510 - 2004
Restrained Corners
CE 5510 - 2004
Table of Values
CE 5510 - 2004
Table of Coefficients
CE 5510 - 2004
Adjusted
CE 5510 - 2004
Flat Slabs
CE 5510 - 2004
Widths
CE 5510 - 2004
Distribution
CE 5510 - 2004
U-Bars
CE 5510 - 2004
Edge Beams
CE 5510 - 2004
Deflection
CE 5510 - 2004
Shear Reinforcement
CE 5510 - 2004
• Introduction
• Benefits
• Design Considerations
• Design Methodology
• Analysis of Flat Slab
• Detailing
INTRODUCTION
Flat slab with column head Flat slab with drop panel and column head
INTRODUCTION
3.4m
3.4m 2.8m
2.8m 2.8m
2.8m 3.2m
3.2m
Conventional Beam-Free
Benefits .. .. ..
Benefits
155
155
Flat Plate Slab
Single Level
Ceiling
EASE OF INSTALLATION
OF M&E SERVICES
• all M & E services can be mounted directly on the
underside of the slab instead of bending them to
avoid the beams
• Minimised
installation time
• Better quality
control
Benefits .. .. ..
Benefits
BUILDABLE SCORE
OPTIMISATION OF
STRUCTURAL LAYOUT PLAN
• the sizes of vertical and structural structural members
can be optimised to keep the volume of concrete for
the entire superstructure inclusive of walls and lift
cores to be in the region of 0.4 to 0.5 m3 per square
metre
DEFLECTION CHECK
CRACK CONTROL
FLOOR OPENINGS
PUNCHING SHEAR
PUNCHING SHEAR
Shear
Studs
Design Considerations.
Design Considerations. .. .. ..
CONSTRUCTION LOADS
LATERAL STABILITY
LATERAL STABILITY
METHODS OF DESIGN
• results includes
– moment and shear envelopes
– contour of structural deformation
Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis .... ..
Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis .... ..
Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis .... ..
Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis .... ..
Structural Analysis
Structural Analysis .... ..
Design methodology
Design methodology .... ..
SIMPLIFIED METHOD
Table 3.19 may be used provided
• Live load > 1.25 Dead load
• Live load (excluding partitions) > 5KN/m2
• there are at least 3 rows of panels of approximately
equal span in direction considered
• lateral stability is independent of slab column
connections
Design methodology
Design methodology .... ....
SIMPLIFIED METHOD
Table 3.19: BM and SF coefficients for flat slab or 3 or more equal spans
Outer Support Near centre First interior Centre of Interior
of 1st span span interior span
Column Wall span
Moment -0.04Fl* 0.086Fl 0.083Fl* -0.063Fl 0.071Fl -0.055Fl
* the design moments in the edge panel may have to be adjusted according to 3.7.4.3
F is the total design ultimate load on the strip of slab between adjacent columns considered
(1.4gk + 1.6 qk)
l is the effective span
Design methodology
Design methodology .... ..
COLUMN HEAD
lc lc
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
COLUMN HEAD
lc lc
DIVISION OF PANELS
The panels are divided into ‘column strips’ and middle strips’
in both direction.
(a) Slab Without Drops
Column strip
middle strip (ly-lx/2)
lx (shorter span)
lx/4
lx/4 lx/4
middle
Column strip
strip
lx/4
ly (longer span)
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
Drop
middle strip (ly-drop size)
Drop
lx/4
middle
lx
strip
Column strip
= drop size
ly (longer span)
MOMENT DIVISION
Apportionment between column
and middle strip expressed as %
of the total negative design
moment
Column strip Middle strip
Negative 75% 25%
Positive 55% 45%
• Note : For slab with drops where the width of the middle strip
exceeds L/2, the distribution of moment in the middle strip should
be increased in proportion to its increased width and the moment
resisted by the column strip should be adjusted accordingly.
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
5000
Layout of building
7000
5000
1250
5000 2500 3500 2500
2750
7000 4000
3000 3000
1500
3500 2500
3500 2500
200 200
369
Column strip
exterior support = 0.75*35 on 2.5m strip = 10.5Knm
3000 3000 centre of 1st span = 0.55*200 on 2.5 strip = 44KNm
1st interior support = 0.75*200 on 3m strip = 50KNm
centre of interior span = 0.55 *369 on 3m strip = 67.7KNm
3500 2500 Middle strip
exterior support = 0.25*35 on 2.5m strip = 3.5KNm
centre of 1st span = 0.45*200 on 2.5 strip = 36KNm
1st interior support = 0.25*200 on 3m strip = 16.7KNm
centre of interior span = 0.45 *369 on 3m strip = 55.4KNm
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
INTERNAL PANELS
• columns and middle strips should be designed to
withstand design moments from analysis
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
PUNCHING SHEAR
Column perimeter 1. Calculate Veff =kVt at column
Perimeter A perimeter (approx. equal span)
Perimeter B Vt = SF transferred from slab
3d 3d k = 1.15 for internal column, 1.25
4 2
corner columns and edge columns
where M acts parallel to free edge and
1.4 for edge columns where M acts at
Column perimeter right angle to free edge
Perimeter A 2. Determine vmax= Veff /uod where uo is
Perimeter B the length of column perimeter
Perimeter C 3d 3d 3d
4 4 2 Check vma < 0.8 f cu or 5 N/mm2
3. Determine v=(Veff -V/ud) where u is
the length of perimeter A and V is the
column load and check v < vc
) lx/3 4. Repeat step 3 for perimeter B and C
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
DEFLECTION
Span/depth ratio
Cantilever 7
Simply supported 20
Continuous 26
OPENINGS
Holes in areas bounded by the column strips may be formed
providing :
• greatest dimension < 0.4 span length and
• total positive and negative moments are redistributed between
the remaining structure to meet the changed conditions
lx (shorter span)
ly (longer span)
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
OPENINGS
lx (shorter span)
ly (longer span)
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
OPENINGS
Holes in areas common to the column strip and the middle strip may
be formed providing :
• that in aggregate their length or width does not exceed one-quarter of
the width of the column strip and
• that the reduced sections are capable of resisting the design moments
lx (shorter span)
ly (longer span)
Analysis of
Analysis of flat
flat slab..
slab..
OPENINGS
TYPE OF REINFORCEMENT
F-mesh - A mesh formed by main wire with cross wire
at a fixed spacing of 800 mm
TYPE OF REINFORCEMENT
F-Mesh 2
Main Wire
Holding Wire
Holding Wire
(800mm c/c)
Main Wire
F-Mesh 1
Holding Wire
TensionLap
= 45 dia. Main Wire
Holding
Main
Wire
Wire
Main
Plan View of Mesh Layout Wire
F - Mesh
REINFORCEMENT
FOR INTERNAL PANELS
• Reinforcement are arranged in 2 directions parallel to
each span; and