FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION & MEDIA STUDIES

MASTER OF ARTS IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION WARFARE

MIP707 - WAR, RELIGION AND SOCIETY

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT : BOOK REVIEW

THE SOLDIER AND THE STATE

Prepared for:
AHMAD EL MUHAMMADY

Prepared by:
AHMAD NAQIUDDIN MOHAMAD
2017887122

Date of submission:
4th April 2018
 THE SOLDIER AND THE STATE

By SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON

INTRODUCTION

This book was written by Samuel P. Huntington and published by Belknap Press in the

year of 1957. Containing about 534 pages, this book educates us concerning the civil-military

relations hypothesis. It looks at the amount we think about the way troopers and civilians

communicate in cutting edge, Western majority rules systems and maybe more significantly

what we don't have the foggiest idea, and why we don't have any acquaintance with it. After a

flood of new hypothetical work on civil-military relations, the improvement of new hypothesis

has stopped. From the mid1990s and for the following decade, the field saw a blooming of

concentrates that endeavored to build up another hypothetical perspective of the crucial issues

related with civil-military relations. There was an eagerness to utilize new techniques to grow

more reliable hypotheses that scrutinized a portion of the built up suppositions made by the

field's originators. These new hypotheses censured past researchers, who had set up the field

in the 1950s and - 60s. In any case, as will be depicted all the more altogether later in this paper,

however the new hypotheses gave new consideration and life to the field and exhibited other

options to past speculations, the field remains got up to speed in a portion of similar level

headed discussions that have portrayed it since its start. In spite of the fact that we now have

more nitty gritty points of view on how officers and civilians interface, one could assert that

we are not really more like a complete hypothesis. It comprises of three sections, every one of

which centers around one of the three segments of the general contention.
PART 1 :

MILLITARY INSTITUTIONS AND THE STATE : THEORETICAL AND

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

The first part is a meta-hypothetical examination of the current hypotheses of civil-

military relations. The civil-military relations field is described by a wide range of hypotheses,

every one of which investigates an alternate sub-measurement of civil-military relations. Just

a couple of creators address what civil-military relations are fundamentally. To be sure, just

Samuel Huntington has made a far reaching hypothesis of the whole theme. Therefore, the

hypothetical system supporting Huntington's hypothesis is likewise the just a single of its kind

and later researchers have a tendency to work inside this structure. A few creators have revealed

noteworthy hypothetical irregularities in his hypothetical structure. Huntington's hypothesis

has been appeared to be observationally lacking and it has created unfulfilled forecasts. These

shortcomings start in his hypothetical system. Having recognized the meta-hypothetical

problem that frequents the field, this paper at that point looks to locate a hypothetical answer

in the second and third parts. It means to build up a hypothetical structure for civil-military

relations. It does as such by imitating Huntington's general procedure. He joined bits of

knowledge from political and military humanism with military history and military science to

land at a hypothetical system. However where Huntington fairly surged along, investigating

his numerous different purposes, I have stopped at each hypothetical convergence to depict the

different problems and gaps in a scene of thoughts that is still backcountry. Hailing what we

still can't seem to investigate might be similarly as vital as the demonstration of outlining the

known.
PART 2 :

MILITARY POWER IN AMERICA : THE HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE : 1789-1940

The second part looks at societal civil-military relations. All social orders adjust

between an utilitarian and a societal objective. Chapter 3 investigates how states produce

energy to battle off opponents - what Huntington called the utilitarian goal. It contends that

military power is only one of the power age apparatuses accessible to the advanced state. In

chapter 4, we can investigated how includes inside local society may discourage the state's

capacity to adjust to outside dangers in a method for Huntington called it the societal objective.

This includes investigating both how society has changed to incorporate a more extensive

arrangement of gatherings inside the basic leadership process and how thoughts can repress the

state's capacity to adjust to dangers.

PART 3

THE CRISIS OF AMERICAN CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS 1940-1955

The third part centers around world class civil-military relations . Chapter 5 centers

around the military. It contends that the cutting edge officer is characterized similar to a

specialist in fighting. It investigates how the part of the officer changed from being

characterized by particular physical qualities to winding up mostly characterized by access to

digest frameworks of specialized military learning. Chapter 6 and 7 consider civilian control.

Chapter 6 gives a diagram of the systems that characterize civilian control, which are

partitioned into outside and interior instruments. I demonstrate that outside control alone can't

completely clarify how civilians control the military. Our insight into inside control, by

differentiate, is divided and we do not have a cognizant applied dialect for seeing how these

standards and societies are made. To cure this, the causal variables forming military culture are
exhibited in chapter 7, which reasons that inner control components alone can't clarify how

civilians control the military. The general finish of chapter 6 and 7 is that civilian control is

accomplished through a blend of outer and inward components. Chapter 8 investigates the part

of military adequacy, which is made by consolidating a division of work amongst warriors and

civilians with brought together political control of the basic leadership process. At long last,

chapter 9 gathers every one of the strings woven in the past four chapters and depicts how

world class civil-military relations work as a framework.

CONCLUSION

Samuel Huntington comprehended the utilitarian basic as the danger of regular war.

This drove him to contend that expresses that face an utilitarian basic will either end up helpful

for their militaries or surrender to an adversary attack. The motivation behind this chapter was

to investigate Huntington's declaration analyzing the idea of the useful goal. All the more

particularly, I asked how fighting debilitates present day propelled social orders and how they

counter this danger. States have a wide range of instruments for dealing with dangers, including

tact, financial development, and mechanical advancement. Traditional military power is in this

manner only one of these methods. For example, the United States utilized a multi-faceted

procedure to deal with the risk of the Soviet Union. Temporarily, the United States was secure

from a sudden assault from the Soviet Union, as a result of the mix of its topographical area

and its noteworthy atomic obstacle. This enabled it to seek after a long haul methodology,

where the prevalence of its monetary framework and the huge head begin regarding military

and financial assets that it delighted in at the beginning of the Cold War empowered it to deplete

the USSR. It was along these lines the mix of military and non-military factors that empowered

the United States to beat the Soviet Union.

 This outlines an essential point about societal civil-military relations, which has

heretofore been overlooked in the writing. Securing the state isn't just a matter of boosting its

customary military power. Power is a multi-dimensional idea that additionally incorporates

financial and conciliatory means. The significance of the customary military relies upon

regardless of whether war is a prompt alternative, or if the state is occupied with a long haul

battle for predominance. Moreover, regardless of whether war is quick, the atomic insurgency

implies that regular power has turned out to be less unequivocal for outright fighting. Tact,

monetary dynamism, and mechanical development – factors that are produced outside of the

military - are similarly as noteworthy in guaranteeing the long haul survival of the state.