GETTING ACQUAINTED (PERKENALAN)

MINI-DIALOGS
1. John Brown meets Tom Bell.
TOM You're a new student, aren't you?
JOHN Yes, I am. My name's John Brown.
TOM I'm Tom Bell. Are you an first grader?
JOHN Yes. We've just moved here from San Francisco.

2. John Brown meets Jack Evans.

JACK Are you new here?
JOHN Yes. My name's John. I’m from California.
JACK Hi! I'm Jack Evans. I'm new, too. I'm from England.

3. Judy Brown and Joe Thomas meet.

JUDY I just got here. We came here from California.
JOE I just got here, too. We came from Canada.
JUDY My big brother's name is John. He's in the second grade.
JOE My sister goes to university already. Her name's Betty.

4. Joe Thomas meets Albert Smith.

JOE What do you want to be when you grow up?
ALBERT I want to be an astronaut. What are you going to be?
JOE I'm going to be an important lawyer, like my Dad.
ALBERT I wouldn't want to be a lawyer. That wouldn't be very exciting.

5. John Brown talks to Helen Smith.

HELEN Where did you come from, John?
JOHN San Francisco. My Dad's an engineer, and he got transferred here.
HELEN Why did your dad become an engineer?
JOHN I don't know. I really don't know.

6. John Brown talks to Bill Cooper.

BILL Do you know how to swim?
JOHN A little. I’m not a very good swimmer.
BILL You ought to learn how.
JOHN I might learn how this summer. My Dad told me I could take lessons.
PRACTICE EXERCISES
1. Why did he become an engineer?
a. engineer
(Why did he become an engineer?)
b. lawyer
c. accountant
d. banker
e. lecturer

2. Do you know how to swim?

a. swim
(Do you know how to swim?)
b. drive
c. fly
d. sail a boat

3. I might learn how to swim this summer.

a. swim
(I might learn how to swim this summer.)
b. drive a car

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c. fly a plane d. sail a boat.
1. Cardinals (angka pokok)

1 one 13 thirteen 70 seventy

2 two 14 fourteen 80 eighty
3 three 15 fifteen 90 ninety
4 four 16 sixteen 21 twenty-one
5 five 17 seventeen 32 thirty-two
6 six 18 eighteen 43 forty-three
7 seven 19 nineteen 54 fifty-four
8 eight 20 twenty 65 sixty-five
9 nine 30 thirty 76 seventy-six
10 ten 40 forty 87 eighty-seven
11 eleven 50 fifty 99 ninety-nine
12 twelve 60 sixty 98 ninety-eight

Exercise 1. Says these numbers as quickly as you can:

(i) 17,12, 11, 9, 21.
(ii) 40, 80, 60, 20, 30.
(iii) 21, 33, 46, 59, 81.
(iv) 40, 14, 30, 13, 12, 20.

200 two hundred 500 five hundred 800 eight hundred

300 three hundred 600 six hundred 900 nine hundred
400 four hundred 700 seven hundred

100 a hundred, or one hundred 942 nine hundred and forty-two

902 nine hundred and two 638 six hundred and thirty-eight
106 a hundred and six 412 four hundred and twelve
209 two hundred and nine

Exercise 2. Say these numbers:

(i) 600, 300, 400, 900, 700. (ii) 933, 471, 311, 402, 555.

1,000 a thousand 100,000 a hundred thousand

2,000 two thousand 200,000 two hundred thousand
3,000 three thousand 300,000 three hundred thousand
30,000 thirty thousand 1,000,000 a million
40,000 forty thousand 20,000,000 twenty million
50,000 fifty thousand 300,000,000 three hundred million

How do you say 346,521,978 ? It's easy if you think of the figure in groups, with three numbers in
each group. After the first number in the group, you say hundred and; and at the comma say
thousand or million.

346,521,978 three hundred and forty-six million, five hundred and twenty-one thousand,
nine hundred and seventy-eight

If there are '0's in the figure, you don't say them:

100,002 a hundred thousand and two
100,020 a hundred thousand and twenty
100,120 a hundred thousand, one hundred and twenty

Exercise 3. Say these numbers:

a) 58,942
b) 645,932,461
c) 2,000,020
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 d) 461,902,431
ABOUT THE NUMBERS 1 TO 10 AND 0
WHOLE NUMBERS ALSO KNOWN AS CARDINAL NUMBERS - USED FOR COUNTING
Symbol Word Pronounce It
0 Nought 0
1 One 1
2 Two 2
3 Three 3
4 Four 4
5 Five 5
6 Six 6
7 Seven 7
8 Eight 8
9 Nine 9
10 Ten 10

MORE NUMBERS
11 Eleven 11
12 Twelve 12
13 Thirteen 13
14 Fourteen 14
15 Fifteen 15
16 Sixteen 16
17 Seventeen 17
18 Eighteen 18
19 Nineteen 19
20 Twenty 20
21 Twenty-one ... 21
30 Thirty 30
40 Forty 40
50 Fifty 50
60 Sixty 60
70 Seventy 70
80 Eighty 80
90 Ninety 90
100 One hundred 100
101 One hundred and one ... 101
1,000 One thousand 1,000
1,000,000 One million 1,000,000
1,000,000,000 One billion 1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000,000 One trillion 1,000,000,000,000

Ordinal numbers are often used in fractions:

FRACTIONS
Symbol Word Pronounce It
1 1
/8 One eighth /8
1
/5 One fifth
1 1
/4 One quarter /4
3 3
/4 Three quarters /4
3
1 1
/3 One third /3
2
/3 Two thirds
1 1
/2 One half /2

SUMS
Symbols Word (common term in brackets) Pronounce It
+ Plus (And) +
- Minus (Take away) -
x Multiplied by (Times) x
÷ Divided by ÷
= Equals (Is) =
. Point .
% Percent %
One plus six minus two multiplied by two divided
by two point five equals four
(((1 + 6) - 2) x
or 1 + 6 - 2 x 2 ÷ 2.5=4
2) ÷ 2.5=4
One and six take away two times two divided
by two point five is four
10% 100=10 Ten percent of one hundred equals ten. 10% 100=10

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 WHAT TO SAY
ONE
We often say "a" instead of "one".
For example when we have the numbers 100 or 1/2 we say "A hundred" or "A half".
FRACTIONS
Not all numbers are whole numbers, or just fractions (see above), they are a mixture of both.
For example:
11/2 - "One and a half."

DECIMALS
When pronouncing decimals we use the word "point" to represent the dot. The numbers following
the dot are pronounced separately.

For example:
When you have the number 1.36 we say "One point three six."

SQUARED / CUBED / TO THE POWER OF

Square numbers are written 2² = we say "Two squared" = 2 x 2 = Two squared equals four.
Cubed numbers are written 2³ = We say "Two cubed" = 2 x 2 x 2 = Two cubed equals eight
You can also say "to the power of" - "Two to the power of two equals four." and "Two to the power
of three equals eight."
You can then have "to the power of" any number.
Two to the power of twelve = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 4096.
It's much easier to write 2¹² = 4096.

INTERESTING NUMBERS

~0~
What could possibly be interesting about nothing?
Try writing the numbers zero ( 0 ) through nine ( 9 ).

0123456789
Then write how many numbers you have counted:-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Yes, ten numbers, without using the number 10.
You can put as many noughts in front of a number without changing the value of that number:-
01, 002, 0003, 00004 ...
In English 10, 20, 30, through to 90 are 1 ten, 2 tens, 3 tens, etc.
Also there are a number of ways you can say 0 in English.
When we use it For example:-
0 = oh after a decimal point 9.02 = "Nine point oh two."
Rooom 101 = "Room one oh one."
in bus or room numbers
Bus 602 = "Bus six oh two."
in phone numbers 9130472 = "Nine one three oh four seven two."
in years 1906 = "Nineteen oh six."
0 = nought before a decimal point 0.06 = "Nought point oh six."
0 = zero in temperature -10°C = "10 degrees below zero."
US English for the number 0 = "Zero"
Chelsea 2 Manchester United 0 = "Chelsea two
0 = nil in football
Manchester United nil."
0 = love in tennis 20 - 0 = "Twenty love."

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 ~ 12 ~
The number 12 is often represented as a dozen and the number 6 as a half dozen.

For example:
12 eggs= "A dozen eggs."
6 eggs = "Half a dozen eggs."

~ 13 ~
A dozen is 12, but a baker's dozen is 13, because in the past bakers who were caught shortchanging
customers could be liable to severe punishment, so they used to add an extra bread roll to make up
the weight.

~ 100 ~
A century is 100. The roman numeral for 100 is C, for centum.
One hundred is the basis of percentages (literally "per hundred"). 100% is the full amount of
something.

*~ 1 billion ~
When is a billion not a billion?
In British English billion traditionally means a million million = 1,000,000,000,000 = 1012
In American English billion means a thousand million = 1,000,000,000 = 109
The American billion has become standard in technical and financial use.
However, to avoid confusion it is better to use the terms "thousand million" for 109 and "million
million" for 1012.
Milliard " is French for the number 109. It is not used in American English but is sometimes, but
rarely, used in British English.
LETTERS AS NUMBERS
~k~
The letter k is often used to denote a thousand. So, 1k = 1,000.
If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of £12k it means £12,000.00.

~m~
The letter m is often used to denote a million. So, 1m = 1,000,000.
If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of £12m, apply for it!

~ bn ~
The letters bn denote a billion. So, 1bn is usually 1,000,000,000 (see above).
If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of £12bn, it's probably a missprint.

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 We write: We say:

0.3 nought point three

zero point three

3.45 three point four five

(NOT three point forty-five)

98.4 ninety-eight point four

$1.55 one dollar, fifty-five cents

one dollar, fifty-five

$700.00 seven hundred dollars

€3,500.50 three thousand five hundred euro and fifty cents

three thousand five hundred euro, fifty cents

0.1 – point one, zero point one, oh point one

1.25 – one point two five
6.425 – six point four two five
2.1368 two point one three six eight
1.057 – one point oh five seven
4.0098 – four point zero zero nine eight

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1/2 – one-half
1/3 – one-third
2/3 – two-thirds
1/4 – one-fourth, one-quarter
4/5 – four-fifths
99/100 – ninety-nine one hundredths, ninety-nine hundredths

1/2 – one over two

1/3 – one over three
2/3 – two over three
1/4 – one over four
4/5 – four over five
99/100 – ninety-nine over one hundred

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 ORDINAL NUMBERS - USED FOR RANKING
Pronounc
In figures In words
e It
1st the first 1st
2nd the second 2nd
3rd the third 3rd
4th the fourth 4th
5th the fifth 5th
6th the sixth 6th
7th the seventh 7th
8th the eighth 8th
9th the ninth 9th
10th the tenth 10th
11th the eleventh 11th
12th the twelfth 12th
13th the thirteenth 13th
14th the fourteenth 14th
15th the fifteenth 15th
16th the sixteenth 16th
17th the seventeenth 17th
18th the eighteenth 18th
19th the nineteenth 19th
20th the twentieth 20th
21st the twenty-first ...
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 22nd the twenty-second ...
23rd the twenty-third ...
24th the twenty-fourth ...
25th the twenty-fifth ...
26th the twenty-sixth ...
27th the twenty-seventh ...
28th the twenty-eighth ...
29th the twenty-ninth ...
30th the thirtieth 30th
40th the fortieth 40th
50th the fiftieth 50th
60th the sixtieth 60th
70th the seventieth 70th
80th the eightieth 80th
90th the ninetieth 90th
100th the hundredth 100th
101st the hundred and first ...
1000th the thousandth 1000th

21st – twenty-first
100th – one hundredth
101st – one hundred and first OR one hundred and oneth*
110th – one hundred and tenth
1,000th – one thousandth
1,111th – one thousand one hundred and eleventh
1,000,000 – one millionth

DATES:-
In figures In words Pronounce It

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 1st the first 1st
2nd the second 2nd
3rd the third 3rd
4th the fourth 4th
5th the fifth 5th
6th the sixth 6th
7th the seventh 7th
8th the eighth 8th
9th the ninth 9th
10th the tenth 10th
11th the eleventh 11th
12th the twelfth 12th
13th the thirteenth 13th
14th the fourteenth 14th
15th the fifteenth 15th
16th the sixteenth 16th
17th the seventeenth 17th
18th the eighteenth 18th
19th the nineteenth 19th
20th the twentieth 20th
21st the twenty-first ...
22nd the twenty-second ...
23rd the twenty-third ...
24th the twenty-fourth ...
25th the twenty-fifth ...
26th the twenty-sixth ...
27th the twenty-seventh ...
28th the twenty-eighth ...
29th the twenty-ninth ...
30th the thirtieth 30th
31st the thirty-first ...

Expressing the year

How we write
2008 1900 1959 2000
the year
How we say
Two thousand and eight Nineteen hundred Nineteen fifty-nine The year 2000
the year

Expressing the date

How we write the date 1st January 2004 07/09/1959 August 12 2003
How we say the date The first of January 2004 The seventh of September 1959 August the 12th 2003

Prepositions
For single days and dates we use on.
For example:
I was born on the 7th of the month.
For months we use in.
For example:
I was born in September.
! My birthday is on September the 7th.

Naturally speaking
How to ask the day or date
o What day is it please?  It's Tuesday.
o What date is it please?  It's the 1st of April.
o What's the date today please?  It's the 1st of April.

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Interesting Stuff
AD stands for Anno Domini (Latin for "In the year of (Our) Lord"), abbreviated as AD. It defines an epoch based on the
traditionally-reckoned year of the conception or birth of Jesus of Nazareth. it is used in the English language to denote
years after the start of this time.
BC stands for Before Christ (from the Ancient Greek "Christos" or "Anointed One", referring to Jesus), abbreviated as
BC, it is used in the English language to denote years before the start of this time.
Some non-Christians also use the abbreviations AD and BC without intending to acknowledge the Christian
connotation, but some people prefer the alternatives 'CE' (Common Era) and 'BCE' (Before Common Era), arguing that
they are more neutral terms. .
A millennium (pl. millennia) is a period of one thousand years.
A century is a period of one hundred consecutive years. Centuries are numbered ordinally (e.g. "the nineteenth
century").
A decade is a period of 10 years.
http://www.learnenglish.de/basics/dates.html#sthash.OswxujlQ.dpuf

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