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    14 views11 pages

    Linklater Globalization and The Transformation of Political Community PDF

    Uploaded by

    Eli Dugarte

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 11
    iB OF WORLD POLITI An introduction to international relations THIRD EDITION Edited by John Baylis and Steve Smith with the assistance of Patricia Owens OXFORD 03388 UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD Ge Clenfon Seet Ofotoma or nodes et ia caperiment ofthe Unresiy ofa, {tthe the Users obeciveo eter nsec, kp ted efaclon by ping melden Ot New York Ac Cape Town Dae Sam HongKong Rial Yul mpc Madid Metourne Mexico Cy Nob! New Seth Shangial Tp Teroat "Wi ote in eos Ala Rael Che Canc epic Hence Greece (Senna Haven Uy apn South nen Soe Port Ship Swinciind Malad uky Chie veeses Oxf aregseed ade mack of Oot Univesity et Intheux andin cermin cer costae ; biel a he Usted Ser by Ox iver rere, New York Bl aangent © fbn Haya Str Si 2008 “he nda capes 6 tie ste concn 5s The mor phot suhorbave ben aed uae ight Ont Unertiyesfas) Fre poisbet 2001 ‘Aligesrteved No prt of i patton may beep, ‘oto tetra sen, ota nfs roy aaa, ‘ido th pein a wen for ately ee ‘arespesly pled by iw rue tenor ped vik te prope ‘Sungapic gi oration again Yoataclos Gilde thecope of sore shulsbe setts nets epee, xfer niet Pes a te as soe You us ol cele hs oka yee bnog ec anyeu mosis sme conn on ey acer eh hay Calagingin Penton Daa Denar ory of Congres Caton Pon in Das eae BRGIE oeoussomie4 Bano: oasaaniie w9076s4a2 ‘Dpletby Beit inked, ang Sac Etta bot inane Aad Cir esi Compore at e ResAPTER 32 : Globalization and the transformation of political community ANDREW LINKLATER READER'S GUIDE... Realist approaches to laterational rations focus on relations between Independent political commiinits. They ask how fat Goliteal emmultle-natlo:ttes that wish to retain tele sovereign)—cai’ cont force'and maintain orér through the halaice of ower Inthe rain, Realist assume the human race wil ema civided into separate states, They af right to etiphasize the state's power, however, several Important chal lenges to traditional conceptions of politcal community have developed in recent ines. Globalization ras led many to ask whether the nition-state shouldbe the dominant fo af alia coin i an a oF abal problems whlch inchide environmental devast- tion. Many ethnic movements have called forthe transformation of poltical community to overcome their ‘secondclass ctzenship. This chapter explains how the nation state became the dominant form of political communlty inthe modem world. i then analyses ‘conceptions of ret forms of comity and eltzenahip which have emerged In the context of globalization and ethnic fragmentation EGHG] awonew uinktarer Introduction: what is a political community? ‘Many aliferent types of community exist in the ‘modem world, Mey include local communities such ‘as neighbouhood groups, political associations such as sovereign states, transnational movements such as sclentic associations or inteational non sovernmental organizations and ‘vit ‘munities! made posible by instant forms of global ‘communication. Baca ofthese communities has its particular kind of human solidarity and distinctive ‘pattern of political cooperation Politics exist ia all such communities because ‘members do not have Kdentical views about the goals of society and about how they should berealized, In modern states, for example, there are differences of opinion about how far governments should reisttbate wealth and how far sptkets should allo- cate resources. Like states, eliglous communities have thee polltics but they may not be politica communities according to the definition used In tis chapter, The desire to worship with others is central to religious community but itis the desire for selfrule—the dese tobe free from the dominion fof others—which turns a religlons association, or any collectivity, ito a political community (ee cha). ‘in all forms of éomamunity, special loyltles and attachments exist between members who prefer cooperation with each other rather than with ‘out- sidets, References to a common past which often Sncludes the shared experience ofsufferingin war are frequently used to bind a community together. A DBiiish example’ the memory ofthe struggle egsiast fascism during the Second World War; otter ilusta- ‘Hons include memories of national liberation strug: ales in the former colonies of Aftica and Asia. The place of war In histories of the national past Is & reminder that Individuals may be asked to die for their polities! community. Some religious com munities have expected the seme of thelr members, {nthe form of inartyzdom, Howeve, the duty to be prepared to die for the larger group has been central to virtually ll independent pottcal communities. ‘Most people belong to several communities saul Taneously--to national and religious groups, for. eral el sf the naonstte Sone pl oplnoas taved ince memberhip of oi ‘munities which were not coterminous with the sta Many Soviet cizens attached more Importance to their church or ethnic group than to the stats ‘ecognize that citizens value many diferent loyalties at any given time whether directed towards loca ‘communities, politics! partes, or intemational non-= governmental associations such as Greenpeace a ‘Ammesty International. Most of these states ‘ylieve they have moral duties to peoples elsewhen ‘Mostbelievethat they should obeyinternationallaW. and promote respec for human Highs in other pacts ofthe world. have wanted to ensure that they can count on tel a citizens’ loyalty when national survival Is threat ened (See Ch13). States have tried to ensure thi national loyalties ate the central poltcal atta ments inthe lives oftheir citizens, but not the calfgs ones they have, The Importance of this demand o citizens has declined in those political communtte ‘whieh have been spared the ordeal of war in recei Tost so the ein whch giobaton, the endl tion in which social relatlons are incressingiy no territorial, has become as Important as Great Pow conflict in shaping world politics An Intriguing {question is what the dedning role of Great Power tlvalry orwar, and the growing Importance of global ination, mean for the fature of political community. ‘crucial question Is whether political communities will become moze cosmopolitan because of global ization (se also Ch.24). are Betnen subject and sovereign. BE ofa oaltial community ar comaited tcc Bates tte czers vee ho menbestp pf my commutes nluding the ation tat, ' Because they expected tobe Involved In malar was, cea then, & aasocatons ain at some goad, that associton whch ts mest soverfn among them all and ‘bias at other il sm highest, Le. atthe most soveregn ofall goods Thee the arsciation whieh we eal the sal; the association whlch s "poll" (Asta) ‘Wat mikes 2 ino 2 zon fs the mal oblast jan Bor) indiduals ar so consituted iba eg could acromplish but Ute by thersclves and could scarcely ge on witout "the askance of el socey and ls avs. But as soon as 1 sufiet numb have united Under poverment, they fae abla pride forest of thle ree, ad the fi the help ofthe pole ocees nat so neceszay to them 25 te Sates sel onda’ Ermeich de Vat) "nce tough the smal fathrnd, whlch she family, tat “we attach ourselves to the great fatherland e's the good good oa, whe takes the ‘De we want peoples to be vituous? Io, let ws bela by making them ave thelrhomeland 8uthow wl they come to love thal homeland means nothing oreo tem than does to ferseners, ad fk rants them only what canna efiseto anyone? Dean acqus Raussen) ‘should we have been so slow te seta. each oe of us THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL COMMUNITY REE states have ted to persuade their cians to place: obligations tothe state ahead of dulesto- other communities, whether local or global. fF ce. congetton btn the Situs a the quesion of hate: poll agana al Es ‘Some political theorisis on politcal community

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