Objectives :

*understand the need for overhaul and modernization of the

existingpower system
*appreciate the necessity of smart grid
*understand the key components of the smart grid and its
implementation
*know the benefits and the challenges involved in the smart grid
Smart grid –what is it ?
Network created through the combination of information
technology,communication technology and eletrical power system
*a gridremarkable in its intelligence and impressive in its scope which
offers valuable technologies that can be deployed whithin the very near
future or are already deployed today
It simply means , a ‘’smarter’’ power grid
The traditional power grid :
If alexander graham bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
,he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony-
smart phones ,texting cell towers ect .-while thomas eison ,one of the
grid’s key early architects ,would be totally familiar with the grid !!
The traditional power system :
*the present infrastructure is overstained and inter region bulk tansfer is
limited
*cannot fully support the integration of renewable energy
*low reliabilit of power-outagre
*fluctuating quality of power
*major sourceis fossil fuel
*efficiency of power transmission
*almost zero customer participation
* low billing and collecting efficiency
Enabling smart grid :
*local energy networks
*energy storage
*electric transportation
*robustand cheap network devices
*large data storage

Energy storage :
*ultra-capacitors ,li-ion , vanadium redox batteries and fuel cells
*used in PHEVs and storage intermittent renewable energy
*flywheels and pump storage –mechanical
What smart grid grid does :
*decentralization of generating resources
*integration of all sources of energy,mainly renewable
*continous monitoring and feedback from the network
*anticipation of faults and helps in fault prevention
*establishes a two-way communication between the utilities and the
consumers
*reduces the stress on the power system infrastructure
*reduces and shifts the peak demand
*continuous self-learning
Global warming-the threat !!:
*improving energy efficiency
*renewable energy sources
*carbon capture and sequestration
*reducing demand
Pillars of smart grid :
*transmission optimization
*demand side management
*distribution optimization
*asset optimization

Disadvantages of smart grid :

*biggest concern :privacy and security
*some types of meters can be hacked
*hacker :
--gain control of thousands ,even millions ,of meters
--increase or decrease the demand for power
*not simply a single component
*various technology components :
--software ,the power generators ,system integrators ,ect
*expensive in terms of installation .