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Medgeeks: Clinical Medicine Cheat Sheets
Medgeeks: Clinical Medicine Cheat Sheets
Clinical
Medicine
Cheat
Sheets
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PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !1
High Yield Review 1
CARDIOLOGY 3
PULMONOLOGY 4
MUSCULOSKELETAL RHEUMATOLOGY 5
GASTROENTEROLOGY 7
REPRODUCTIVE 8
GENITOURINARY 9
EENT 10
ENDOCRINOLOGY 11
NEUROLOGY 12
HEMATOLOGY 13
PSYCHIATRY 14
DERMATOLOGY 15
INFECTIOUS DISEASE 16
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !2
CARDIOLOGY
Superficial Palpable
Cardiogenic Shock Hypotensive, cool, clammy skin, and Cord
Thrombophlebitis
MI
DVT Virchow’s Triad, unilateral LE
Atrial Fibrillation Irregularly irregular rhythm swelling, pain, and erythema. Homan
sign
Atrial Flutter Saw tooth pattern
Murmurs Squatting/leg raise/ handgrip
increases the sound of all murmurs
AV Block Long PR interval
except MVP and HOCM
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !3
PULMONOLOGY
Bronchiolitis RSV
Asbestosis Insulation, ship building
Epiglottitis HIB. Hot potato voice, sniffing
position, drooling. X-ray: Thumb
sign
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !4
MUSCULOSKELETAL
RHEUMATOLOGY
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Anterior Shoulder Abducted, externally rotated. Spinal Stenosis Shopping cart sign (pain relieved
Dislocation Axillary nerve affected with forward bending)
Posterior Shoulder Adducted, internally rotated. Avascular Necrosis Femoral neck fracture, limp, frog
Dislocation Electrical injury, lightning, seizure leg lateral X-ray
Mid-Shaft Humerus Wrist drop (radial nerve) Slipped capital Obese. X-ray: posterior
Fracture Femoral Epiphysis displacement of the femoral
epiphysis.
Clavicle Fracture middle third most commonly
affected. Treat with sling Developmental Hip Positive Ortalani and Barlow test.
Dysplasia Palpable clunk. Pavlick harness
Supracondylar Children. Median nerve and
Fracture brachial artery affected. Anterior Hip Fracture External rotation and shortening
sail and posterior fat pad sign.
Gun stock deformity. Volkmann’s
contracture ACL Deceleration, hyperextension, pop,
and swelling. Positive lachman or
Elbow Dislocation Posterior dislocation most anterior drawer test
common
Meniscal Tear Mechanical symptoms. Baker cyst.
Scaphoid Fracture FOOSH. Snuffbox tenderness. Positive McMurry and Apley test
Thumb spica splint
Osgood-Schaltter Knee pain worse with exercise.
Carpal Tunnel Median nerve. Phalen Sign. Tinel Children. Tenderness over tibial
Disease
Syndrome Sign. Compression test. Thenar tuberosity.
eminence atrophy
Achilles Ankle Tear Positive Thompson test
Boxer Fracture 5th metacarpal fracture. Ulnar
gutter splint Osteomyelitis Staph aureus
Dequervain Pregnancy. Finklestein test Ewing Sarcoma Moth eaten pattern and onion peel
Tenosynovitis appearance
Chronic Bronchitis Smoking, decreased FEV1 Osteoarthritis Knee. Bouchard (PIP) and
Heberdens (DIP) nodes
Ankylosing Young male, HLA B27, Bamboo
spondylitis sign Osteoporosis Risk factors: Smoking,
glucocorticoids, amenorrhea
Cuada Equina Bowel/bladder incontinence,
saddle paresthesia Osteosarcoma Sunburst pattern
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !5
MUSCULOSKELETAL
RHEUMATOLOGY
Compartment pain out of proportion. 6 Ps: pain, Scleroderma Fibrosis. Calcinosis, Raynaud
Syndrome pressure, paresthesia, phenomenon, GERD,
pulselessness, pallor, paralysis sclerodactyly, telangiectasis.
Anticentromere antibodies and
RA Bilateral symmetric and
SCL-70 antibodies
progressive. Boutonniere and
Swan neck deformity. Felty
syndrome: rheumatoid arthritis,
splenomegaly and neutropenia
Polymyalgia > 50 years of age. Giant Cell Gout Monoarticular. podagra. needle
Rheumatica arteritis shaped negatively birefringent
crystals under polarized light.
Reactive Arthritis GI/GU infection, urethritis,
conjunctivitis
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !6
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Epigastric pain radiating to the Umbilical hernia Self resolves by 3 years of age
Pancreatitis
back. Increased lipase >3x
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !7
REPRODUCTIVE
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Amenorrhea HCG, TSH, Prolactin. Ectopic Pregnancy Fallopian tube.Positive pregnancy
Progesterone challenge. test, vaginal bleed, pelvic pain,
cervical motion tenderness. IUP
DUB Anovulation. Coagulation disorder.
seen when HCG >2,000
OCP
Ovarian Cancer Early satiety and bloating. > 20 weeks. No end organ damage
Gestational HTN
Complex Cyst. CA-125. BRCA-1/2 or proteinuria. Labetolol and
Pap >21 every 3 years. HPV 16 and methyldopa
Cervical Cancer
18.
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !8
GENITOURINARY
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !9
EENT
Macular Central vision loss. > 65. Smoking. < 3 weeks. Viral
Acute laryngitis
Degeneration Amsler grid. Drusen. AREDS II
formulation.
Oral candidiasis White patch bleeds when scraped.
Orbital Cellulitis Staph and Strep. Pain with Oral Nystatin
movement. EOM paralysis. CT
scan.
Oral leukoplakia White patches can’t be scraped.
Retinal Detachment Painless vision loss. Curtain being Pre-cancerous. Biopsy
pulled down over their eyes.
Retinal artery Amaurosis fugax. Pale retina Peritonsilar Abscess unilateral sore throat, hot potato
occlusion voice, truisms, displaced uvula.
I&D
Strabismus Correct by 4 months. Cover/
uncover test
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !10
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Primary Elevated PTH and calcium. Low Type 1 DM Low C-peptide. Antibodies. Beta
hyperparathyroid phosphate. Short QT interval. cell destruction.
Bones, stones, and moans, psych
groans
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !11
NEUROLOGY
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !12
HEMATOLOGY
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
B12 Deficiency Megaloblastic. Peripheral Immune Shiga Toxin producing ECOLI
neuropathy. MMA Thrombocytopenia 0157:H7. Quinine.
Microangiopathic hemolytic
Folate Deficiency Megaloblastic. No neuro
anemia and thrombocytopenia.
symptoms
Iron Deficiency Blood loss. Microcytic. Low 65. Myeloid. Auer rod. Phi bodies.
AML
ferritin. M3 all-trans-retinoic acid. > 20%
Anemia of chronic Microcytic/normocytic. Normal blasts
disease ferritin.
ALL Children. Lymphoid. > 20% blasts.
Hemolysis Increased LDH, reticulocyte, TdT
Indirect bilirubin. Decreased
haptoglobin. CML Neutrophils. Basophilia.
Leukocytosis. 9:22 translocation.
Aplastic Anemia Pancytopenia. Low retic count.
Philadelphia chromosome.
Bone biopsy.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.
G6PD X-linked enzyme deficiency.
Infection. Fava beans. Bite cells.
CLL Non functioning B cells.
Heinz body Lymphadenopathy. Lymphocytosis
Von Willebrand Most common bleeding disorder. Flow cytometry. Rituximab.
Elevated aPTT. Von willebrand
factory activity. RIPA. Hodgkin Lymphoma Painless cervical
Desmopressin lymphadenopathy. B symptoms.
Reed Sternberg cells. Mediastinal
Hemophilia X-linked recessive disorder.
mass. Excisional node biopsy
Hemarthosis. Normal Platelets.
prolonged aPTT.
Multiple Myeloma Plasma cells. IgG, IgA. Bence Jones
Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia. DVT. PE. No Protein. Rouleax Formation. > 10%
screening. clonal plasma cells
Antiphospholipid Anticardiolipin antibody.
Recurrent pregnancy loss. Sickle cell Vaso occlusion. Hemolytic
Syndrome
Prolonged aPTT. Russel Viper anemia. Cold, Hypoxia, alcohol,
Venom test. DVT infection. Howell Jolly bodies.
Penicillin < 5 years of age.
Heparin Induced 4 > days. Thrombosis. ELISA. Hydroxyurea.
Thrombocytopenia Venous limb gangrene
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !13
PSYCHIATRY
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !14
DERMATOLOGY
Condition Fact / Association Condition Fact / Association
Atopic Dermatitis Infants: Extensor. Children: Flexor. Scabies Pruritus worse at night. Burrows.
Allergies. Asthma. Antihistamines. Spares head. Permethrin 5%
Steroids
Basal cell Carcinoma UV light. Face. Pearly papule with
Dyshidrosis Fingers. Vesicles. Steroids
telangiectatic vessel.
Lichen Simplex Rubbing/Scratching. Steroids
Squamous Cell Ulcer that fails to heal.
Chronicus
Carcinoma
Lichen Planus Hepatitis C. Purple. Pruritic.
Polygonal. Plaque. Wickham
Melanoma ABCDE. Ugly duckling sign
striae.
Herald Patch. Christmas Tree Cellulitis Staph. Strep. Deep infection.
Pityriasis Rosea
Pattern. Purulence MRSA.
Erythema multiforme HSV. Mycoplasma. Meds. Target Acanthosis Nigricans Velvety hyper pigmentation.
like lesions. Self limiting. Insulin Resistance.
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !15
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
PHYSCIANASSISTANTBOARDS !16