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The "Performance Characteristics" of a pump at a fixed speed are represented by the following
graphical relationships:
Total Head (HP) versus Discharge (Q)
Power Input (P) versus Discharge (Q)
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
water up or to increase the energy so that the water can travel farther. This lab determines the
head/flow characteristics of centrifugal pumps operating at a single speed: a single centrifugal
pump, two similar centrifugal pumps operating in parallel and in series.
Recall the total head is the difference between the total energy head at the outlet and the total
energy head at the inlet (neglecting the small differences in velocity heads). As shown be the
following equation:
p 2 V 22 p1 V12
z z HP HL
g 2 g 2 g 2 g 1
where subscripts 1 and 2 refer to inlet and outlet sections. H p is the pressure head produced by
the pump and H L is the energy loss due to friction and pipe fittings. By conservation of mass,
V1 = V2 if the pipe diameters are equal at the inlet and outlet sections.
The incoming pressure is read on the compound gauge at the pump inlet. After the water flows
through the pump, it travels up 0.8 meters (assuming the pump is placed on the floor) to the
manifold gauge. The pressure at the manifold is read on the manifold gauge. However, the
pressure head at the manifold is 0.8 meters less than the pressure head at the exit of the pump.
Therefore, the total head is determined by adding the manifold pressure head to the datum
correction and subtracting the inlet pressure head. This should be approximately the same as
subtracting the inlet pressure head from the outlet pressure head (verify that this is the case for
the single pump).
Total Head: HP = (pressure head increased by the pump)
Total Head Outlet: HP = (pressure head at pump outlet - pressure head at pump inlet)
Total head (using outlet, not manifold) is determined the in the same manner as for the single
pump.
The theoretical curve for the parallel pump configuration is obtained from the single pump data
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
Since the head loss across the parallel pumps is equal, the pump curve derived for each should be
the same.
For the experimental parallel pump curves, plot: Hp(pump i) vs. Q where i = 1 or 2
Pumps in Series:
When two or more similar pumps are connected in series, the same flow rate passes through each
pump and under goes a head boost of total head divided by number of pumps, H P/n. Therefore,
the series configuration of two identical pipes provides a pump characteristic of twice the head as
for a single pump. For series pumps, the total head can be computed as follows:
Total Head: HP = (pressure head at pump 2 outlet - pressure head at pump 1 inlet)
= Po/Pi
where Po = power out from the pump = power imparted to the fluid
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
Output power is determined experimentally. Input power should be given in the manufacturer’s
specifications for the pump. For the pumps used in this lab, Pi = 0.37 kW = 370 W.
An important objective when selecting a pump for an engineering system is maximizing the
efficiency for the desired flow conditions.
Experimental Procedure
Purpose:
Determine the head/flow characteristics of centrifugal pumps operating at a single speed: a single
centrifugal pump, two similar centrifugal pumps operating in parallel and in series.
Equipment:
Hydraulics bench, two auxiliary centrifugal pumps, discharge manifold, appropriate hoses and
connectors, graduated cylinder, and stopwatch.
NOTE:
For this lab, it is important to emphasize the need to turn off the pumps before any hoses
are disconnected. If other experiments are being performed at the same time, it can be difficult
to hear the motor(s).
Procedure:
1. Straddle the manifold block across the channel of the bench. Make sure the outlet is pouring
into the stilling basin for correct measurement of flow rate.
2. The auxiliary pump should be placed on the floor, which is important for the datum
correction, and connected to the bench with the appropriate hoses as follows:
3. First set up for the SINGLE PUMP:
i. The single pump receives its water directly from the sump. The sump drain outlet is
located next to the built-in bench pump. A hose should extend between the sump and
the auxiliary pump. The hose is attached to both the sump outlet and the auxiliary
pump inlet. Next, a hose continues from the auxiliary pump to the manifold. Make sure
manifold outlet drains down into hydraulic bench for water collection. Figure 1 shows
the proper piping connections.
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
for pump 1. Record the flow rate using the volumetric tank and a stopwatch.
v. Turn off both pumps and close the sump drain valve when all readings have been taken.
5. Finally, set up for the PARALLEL PUMPS.
i. Disconnect all hoses, being careful not to spill water everywhere. Re-connect two
auxiliary pumps in a parallel configuration as shown in instructed by the TA.
ii. After the connections are made open the sump drain valve. Turn on only pump 1. Water
should flow out the manifold. Next, turn off pump 1 and turn on pump 2. Again, water
should flow out the manifold. Now the pumps should be primed. Close the discharge
control valve; turn on both pumps, then completely open the discharge control valve.
Check outlet pressure gages on pumps to ensure equal flow is moving through each.
iii. Slowly close the flow control knob to obtain manifold pressure readings.
iv. Record inlet and outlet pressures for both pumps using the gauges. Record the flow rate
using the volumetric tank and a stopwatch. Turn off both pumps, close sump drain valve,
and disconnect hoses. Return pumps and hoses to ITLL module room.
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
Data Tables
Table 1. Single Pump
Total Total
Manifold Outlet Inlet Height Flow
Head Head Volume Time
Pressure Pressure Pressure Correction Rate
Manifold Outlet
1 6 0.8
2 9 0.8
3 12 0.8
4 15 0.8
5 18 0.8
6 21 0.8
1 9
2 15
3 21
4 27
5 33
6 39
7 45
8 51
9 57
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
1 14
2 16
3 18
4 20
5 22
Pi Po
1 370
2 370
3 370
4 370
5 370
6 370
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CVEN 3323 Updated November 17, 2004
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