CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

Background A fault or a fault (or geologic term "fault") is a form of fracture in the earth's
rock layers which allows a block of rock to move relative to another block. The movement can
be relatively down, relatively up, or move relatively flat against other blocks. The sudden
movement of a fault or caesare can result in an earthquake. Some structural geologists
generally interpret the cesarean structure as a fracture field accompanied by a shift. Fault is
defined as a fracture of the earth's constituent rock that has been or is experiencing movement.
In fact, it is very difficult to get the ideal idealized appearance, especially the climate in our
tropical country. In tropical climates, the process of weathering of rocks takes place more
intensively, thus destroying and burying signs of earth-terrification. However, the signs of a
cesarean can be known, among others, through: the crash zone, scratch, fault escape,
triangular facet, intensive blooming, sudden lithological changes, cesarean section, milonite and
sudden river deflection.

Aim

The purpose of this paper is as follows:

1. Provides an understanding of the fault.

2. Provide information about the system, as well as the resulting result of fault (fault) Scope
This paper discusses the definition of fault, classification, and system of occurrence of
cesarean.
 BAB II

KAJIAN TEORI

Fault or fault is a fracture in rocks that have a clear shift. The shift can
range from a few millimeters to hundreds of meters in length and can reach several
decimeters up to thousands of meters. As a result of the shift, the fault will alter the
development of the pyrotechnics, control the surface and subsurface water, damage
the stratigraphicity and so on.

A horizontal fault (Strike slip fault or Wrench fault) is a fault whose formation is
affected by compression firmness. The main position of this fault-shaper is horizontal, equal to
its minimum position, while the middle position is vertical. Generally the horizontal fault plane is
depicted as a vertical plane, so the term hanging wall and foot wall are not commonly used in
this fault system

Generally in horizontal shear faults, there are typical comorbid structures in this fault
such as fractures, creases (generally folds of merencong or en echelon fold), and floral
structures. The accompanying structure is generally first formed and parallel to the alignment of
the ellipse wherein the horizontal fault paths occur in which the inside of the rock will essentially
engage a horizontal upward fault through closed sediments. At this fault the path is woven with
gouge or mylonite and Scratching the horizontal line followed by a non-systematic puncture and
rupture. The types of folds that move or stratigraphic stratigraphy are mutual scanning and not
the same as the cirilainnya. In addition, it is actually a sensitive path to erosion

Based on its relative motion, this fault is divided into sinistral (left shear) and dextral
(right sliding). The lateral movement is determined by looking at the cesareous area. The
Horizontal Zone Dextral is a fault that moves in the direction of the clockwise direction or so-
called right sliding fault
 Strike-slip / shift movement can occur in the form of a lateral release of the firmament in the
direction of the smallest axis of the tension and there is a shortening in the direction of the
largest normal axis axis. This fault can be called a transcurrent fault by Anderson in 1951, which
developed into a wrench fault (by Kennedy). Flaws and tear faults are also other names of
horizontal fault. The folds and thrusts are caused by a plane of earlier and different conflicts or
regimes that previously form the wrench fault. The folds and thrusts are then truncated by a fault
wrench where the folds and thrust axis is in the direction of the normal mid-range axis of the
previous unfolding orientation where the relief of the firm is upward and not side by side as in
the last wrench regime. Such regulatory regulatory changes are commonly found in mountain-
built belts as orogenic formations such as those found in the Semangko fault in Sumatra.
 The horizontal fault type is distinguished by a transform fault. The fault of the transform itself
is defined as a fault which stands up suddenly in another form of structure and generally occurs
in the ocean bund by cutting the bund and shifting it horizontally opposite to the direction of
bunded shifts (slip and opposite separation). The shifts that occur along this bundle usually
remain constant even though the slip keeps on running, but the slip may end unexpectedly at
the end of the bund. The result of deformation produced by this fault only causes a slight
deformation of the plates which results in the seismicity that occurs only partially accompanied
by a parallel movement of the plates towards the direction of the transform.

This horizontal fault is differentiated from a transform fault based on several events. The
faults are faulted with parallel movements where the left portion of the relative shifts in opposite
direction to the right-hand block. Based on the direction of movement of the fault, horizontal fault
can be divided into 2 (two) types of faults, namely: (1). Dextral Horizontal Fault (horizontal
horizontal fault) and (2). Sinistral Correct Fault (horizontal horizontal fault). Dextral Horizontal
Fault is a fault that the direction of movement in the direction of rotation of the needle behind the
horizontal fault Sinistral is a fault that direction with clockwise direction. The shift in the
horizontal fault can be parallel to the surface of the fault or the sangkan can be formed angle
(dip-slip / tilt). While the fault itself can be perpendicular or angular with the horizontal plane.
This horizontal fault is common in continental crust where during its movement it produces
slippage and parting in the same direction which increases with the excess of the fan slip
ergipsoid in which the direction crosses from the direction of the transform. Loaded with a
transform fault, this type of fault produces many deformations that do not contain seismic
elements at each fault limit or at the tip of the fault.