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Psychology

Subject : Psychology
Prologue What Is Psychology
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)

Research Methods
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)

The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior


1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)

The Brain and the Nervous System


1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)

Sensation
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)

Perception
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)

Consciousness
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)

Learning
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)

Memory
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)

Thinking
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)

Language
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)

Intelligence
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)
231. Intelligence - Answer (click here)
232. Intelligence Testing - Answer (click here)
233. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach - Answer (click here)
234. The Logic of Psychometrics - Answer (click here)
235. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence - Answer (click here)
236. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
237. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G - Answer (click here)
238. The Building Blocks of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
239. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test - Answer (click here)
240. The Roots of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
241. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing - Answer (click here)
242. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with “Nature vs. Nurture” -
Answer (click here)
243. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ - Answer (click here)
244. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ - Answer (click
here)
245. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios - Answer (click here)
246. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ - Answer (click here)
247. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within – Group
Differences - Answer (click here)
248. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women -
Answer (click here)
249. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat - Answer (click here)

Motivation and Emotion


1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)
231. Intelligence - Answer (click here)
232. Intelligence Testing - Answer (click here)
233. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach - Answer (click here)
234. The Logic of Psychometrics - Answer (click here)
235. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence - Answer (click here)
236. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
237. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G - Answer (click here)
238. The Building Blocks of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
239. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test - Answer (click here)
240. The Roots of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
241. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing - Answer (click here)
242. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with “Nature vs. Nurture” -
Answer (click here)
243. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ - Answer (click here)
244. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ - Answer (click
here)
245. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios - Answer (click here)
246. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ - Answer (click here)
247. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within – Group
Differences - Answer (click here)
248. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women -
Answer (click here)
249. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat - Answer (click here)
250. Motivation and Emotion - Answer (click here)
251. Motivational States - Answer (click here)
252. Thermoregulation - Answer (click here)
253. Hunger, Eating, and Obesity - Answer (click here)
254. Physiological Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
255. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
256. Obesity - Answer (click here)
257. Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
258. Physiological Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
259. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click
here)
260. Sexual Behavior - Answer (click here)
261. Physiological Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
262. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
263. Sexual Orientation - Answer (click here)
264. Motives Beyond Drives - Answer (click here)
265. The Diversity of Motives - Answer (click here)
266. Emotion and Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
267. The Many Facets of Emotion - Answer (click here)
268. The Functions of Emotion - Answer (click here)
269. Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)

Social Psychology
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)
231. Intelligence - Answer (click here)
232. Intelligence Testing - Answer (click here)
233. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach - Answer (click here)
234. The Logic of Psychometrics - Answer (click here)
235. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence - Answer (click here)
236. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
237. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G - Answer (click here)
238. The Building Blocks of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
239. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test - Answer (click here)
240. The Roots of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
241. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing - Answer (click here)
242. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with “Nature vs. Nurture” -
Answer (click here)
243. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ - Answer (click here)
244. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ - Answer (click
here)
245. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios - Answer (click here)
246. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ - Answer (click here)
247. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within – Group
Differences - Answer (click here)
248. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women -
Answer (click here)
249. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat - Answer (click here)
250. Motivation and Emotion - Answer (click here)
251. Motivational States - Answer (click here)
252. Thermoregulation - Answer (click here)
253. Hunger, Eating, and Obesity - Answer (click here)
254. Physiological Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
255. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
256. Obesity - Answer (click here)
257. Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
258. Physiological Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
259. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click
here)
260. Sexual Behavior - Answer (click here)
261. Physiological Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
262. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
263. Sexual Orientation - Answer (click here)
264. Motives Beyond Drives - Answer (click here)
265. The Diversity of Motives - Answer (click here)
266. Emotion and Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
267. The Many Facets of Emotion - Answer (click here)
268. The Functions of Emotion - Answer (click here)
269. Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
270. Social Psychology - Answer (click here)
271. Social Cognition - Answer (click here)
272. Social Cognition: Attribution - Answer (click here)
273. Social Cognition: Person Perception - Answer (click here)
274. Social Cognition: Attitudes - Answer (click here)
275. Social Influence - Answer (click here)
276. Social Influence: Conformity - Answer (click here)
277. Social Influence: Obedience - Answer (click here)
278. Social Influence: Compliance - Answer (click here)
279. Social Influence: Group Dynamics - Answer (click here)
280. Social Relations - Answer (click here)
281. Social Relations: Helping and Altruism - Answer (click here)
282. Social Relations: Attraction - Answer (click here)
283. Social Relations: Love - Answer (click here)

Development
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)
231. Intelligence - Answer (click here)
232. Intelligence Testing - Answer (click here)
233. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach - Answer (click here)
234. The Logic of Psychometrics - Answer (click here)
235. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence - Answer (click here)
236. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
237. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G - Answer (click here)
238. The Building Blocks of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
239. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test - Answer (click here)
240. The Roots of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
241. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing - Answer (click here)
242. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with “Nature vs. Nurture” -
Answer (click here)
243. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ - Answer (click here)
244. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ - Answer (click
here)
245. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios - Answer (click here)
246. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ - Answer (click here)
247. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within – Group
Differences - Answer (click here)
248. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women -
Answer (click here)
249. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat - Answer (click here)
250. Motivation and Emotion - Answer (click here)
251. Motivational States - Answer (click here)
252. Thermoregulation - Answer (click here)
253. Hunger, Eating, and Obesity - Answer (click here)
254. Physiological Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
255. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
256. Obesity - Answer (click here)
257. Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
258. Physiological Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
259. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click
here)
260. Sexual Behavior - Answer (click here)
261. Physiological Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
262. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
263. Sexual Orientation - Answer (click here)
264. Motives Beyond Drives - Answer (click here)
265. The Diversity of Motives - Answer (click here)
266. Emotion and Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
267. The Many Facets of Emotion - Answer (click here)
268. The Functions of Emotion - Answer (click here)
269. Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
270. Social Psychology - Answer (click here)
271. Social Cognition - Answer (click here)
272. Social Cognition: Attribution - Answer (click here)
273. Social Cognition: Person Perception - Answer (click here)
274. Social Cognition: Attitudes - Answer (click here)
275. Social Influence - Answer (click here)
276. Social Influence: Conformity - Answer (click here)
277. Social Influence: Obedience - Answer (click here)
278. Social Influence: Compliance - Answer (click here)
279. Social Influence: Group Dynamics - Answer (click here)
280. Social Relations - Answer (click here)
281. Social Relations: Helping and Altruism - Answer (click here)
282. Social Relations: Attraction - Answer (click here)
283. Social Relations: Love - Answer (click here)
284. Psychology: Development - Answer (click here)
285. Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
286. Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
287. Physical and Sensorimotor Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
288. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
289. Piaget ’S Stage Theory - Answer (click here)
290. Beyond Piaget - Answer (click here)
291. Early Conceptions of the Physical World - Answer (click here)
292. Number and Mathematical Reasoning - Answer (click here)
293. Social Cognition and Theory of Mind - Answer (click here)
294. Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click
here)
295. The Earliest Interactions - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
296. Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
297. Differences in Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
298. The Role of Temperament - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
299. The Role of Culture - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
300. The Role of Parenting Styles - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
301. The Impact of Child Care - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
302. The Effects of Domestic Conflict and Divorce - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
303. What Happens When there is No Attachment ? - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
304. Peer Relationships - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
305. Development of Moral Thinking - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
306. Conscience and Moral Feeling - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
307. Adolescence - Answer (click here)
308. Physical Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
309. Cognitive Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
310. Socioemotional Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
311. Adulthood and Older Age - Answer (click here)
312. Physical and Sensorimotor Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
313. Cognitive Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
314. Socioemotional Development in Adulthood - Answer (click here)

Personality
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)
231. Intelligence - Answer (click here)
232. Intelligence Testing - Answer (click here)
233. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach - Answer (click here)
234. The Logic of Psychometrics - Answer (click here)
235. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence - Answer (click here)
236. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
237. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G - Answer (click here)
238. The Building Blocks of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
239. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test - Answer (click here)
240. The Roots of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
241. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing - Answer (click here)
242. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with “Nature vs. Nurture” -
Answer (click here)
243. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ - Answer (click here)
244. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ - Answer (click
here)
245. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios - Answer (click here)
246. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ - Answer (click here)
247. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within – Group
Differences - Answer (click here)
248. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women -
Answer (click here)
249. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat - Answer (click here)
250. Motivation and Emotion - Answer (click here)
251. Motivational States - Answer (click here)
252. Thermoregulation - Answer (click here)
253. Hunger, Eating, and Obesity - Answer (click here)
254. Physiological Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
255. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
256. Obesity - Answer (click here)
257. Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
258. Physiological Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
259. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click
here)
260. Sexual Behavior - Answer (click here)
261. Physiological Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
262. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
263. Sexual Orientation - Answer (click here)
264. Motives Beyond Drives - Answer (click here)
265. The Diversity of Motives - Answer (click here)
266. Emotion and Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
267. The Many Facets of Emotion - Answer (click here)
268. The Functions of Emotion - Answer (click here)
269. Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
270. Social Psychology - Answer (click here)
271. Social Cognition - Answer (click here)
272. Social Cognition: Attribution - Answer (click here)
273. Social Cognition: Person Perception - Answer (click here)
274. Social Cognition: Attitudes - Answer (click here)
275. Social Influence - Answer (click here)
276. Social Influence: Conformity - Answer (click here)
277. Social Influence: Obedience - Answer (click here)
278. Social Influence: Compliance - Answer (click here)
279. Social Influence: Group Dynamics - Answer (click here)
280. Social Relations - Answer (click here)
281. Social Relations: Helping and Altruism - Answer (click here)
282. Social Relations: Attraction - Answer (click here)
283. Social Relations: Love - Answer (click here)
284. Psychology: Development - Answer (click here)
285. Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
286. Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
287. Physical and Sensorimotor Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
288. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
289. Piaget ’S Stage Theory - Answer (click here)
290. Beyond Piaget - Answer (click here)
291. Early Conceptions of the Physical World - Answer (click here)
292. Number and Mathematical Reasoning - Answer (click here)
293. Social Cognition and Theory of Mind - Answer (click here)
294. Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click
here)
295. The Earliest Interactions - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
296. Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
297. Differences in Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
298. The Role of Temperament - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
299. The Role of Culture - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
300. The Role of Parenting Styles - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
301. The Impact of Child Care - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
302. The Effects of Domestic Conflict and Divorce - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
303. What Happens When there is No Attachment ? - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
304. Peer Relationships - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
305. Development of Moral Thinking - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
306. Conscience and Moral Feeling - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
307. Adolescence - Answer (click here)
308. Physical Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
309. Cognitive Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
310. Socioemotional Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
311. Adulthood and Older Age - Answer (click here)
312. Physical and Sensorimotor Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
313. Cognitive Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
314. Socioemotional Development in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
315. Personality - Answer (click here)
316. The Trait Approach: Defining Our Differences - Answer (click here)
317. The Trait Approach: The Big Five - Answer (click here)
318. The Trait Approach: The Consistency Controversy - Answer (click here)
319. The Trait Approach: Traits and Biology - Answer (click here)
320. The Trait Approach: Traits and the Environment - Answer (click here)
321. The Trait Approach: Contributions of the Trait Approach - Answer (click
here)
322. Psychodynamic Approach: Probing the Depths - Answer (click here)
323. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychoanalysis: Theory and Practice - Answer
(click here)
324. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychological Defenses and Development -
Answer (click here)
325. Psychodynamic Approach: The Empirical Basis of Freud’s Claims -
Answer (click here)
326. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychodynamic Formulations after Freud -
Answer (click here)
327. Psychodynamic Approach: Contributions of the Psychodynamic
Approach - Answer (click here)
328. The Humanistic Approach: Appreciating Our Potential - Answer (click here)
329. The Humanistic Approach: Phenomenology and Self-actualization -
Answer (click here)
330. The Humanistic Approach: The Self - Answer (click here)
331. The Humanistic Approach: Positive Psychology - Answer (click here)
332. Contributions of the Humanistic Approach - Answer (click here)
333. The Social-Cognitive Approach: The Power of Beliefs - Answer (click here)
334. Origins of the Social-Cognitive Approach - Answer (click here)
335. Key Social-Cognitive Concepts - Answer (click here)
336. Contributions of the Social-Cognitive Approach - Answer (click here)

Psychopathology
1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)
231. Intelligence - Answer (click here)
232. Intelligence Testing - Answer (click here)
233. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach - Answer (click here)
234. The Logic of Psychometrics - Answer (click here)
235. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence - Answer (click here)
236. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
237. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G - Answer (click here)
238. The Building Blocks of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
239. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test - Answer (click here)
240. The Roots of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
241. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing - Answer (click here)
242. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with “Nature vs. Nurture” -
Answer (click here)
243. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ - Answer (click here)
244. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ - Answer (click
here)
245. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios - Answer (click here)
246. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ - Answer (click here)
247. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within – Group
Differences - Answer (click here)
248. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women -
Answer (click here)
249. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat - Answer (click here)
250. Motivation and Emotion - Answer (click here)
251. Motivational States - Answer (click here)
252. Thermoregulation - Answer (click here)
253. Hunger, Eating, and Obesity - Answer (click here)
254. Physiological Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
255. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
256. Obesity - Answer (click here)
257. Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
258. Physiological Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
259. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click
here)
260. Sexual Behavior - Answer (click here)
261. Physiological Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
262. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
263. Sexual Orientation - Answer (click here)
264. Motives Beyond Drives - Answer (click here)
265. The Diversity of Motives - Answer (click here)
266. Emotion and Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
267. The Many Facets of Emotion - Answer (click here)
268. The Functions of Emotion - Answer (click here)
269. Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
270. Social Psychology - Answer (click here)
271. Social Cognition - Answer (click here)
272. Social Cognition: Attribution - Answer (click here)
273. Social Cognition: Person Perception - Answer (click here)
274. Social Cognition: Attitudes - Answer (click here)
275. Social Influence - Answer (click here)
276. Social Influence: Conformity - Answer (click here)
277. Social Influence: Obedience - Answer (click here)
278. Social Influence: Compliance - Answer (click here)
279. Social Influence: Group Dynamics - Answer (click here)
280. Social Relations - Answer (click here)
281. Social Relations: Helping and Altruism - Answer (click here)
282. Social Relations: Attraction - Answer (click here)
283. Social Relations: Love - Answer (click here)
284. Psychology: Development - Answer (click here)
285. Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
286. Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
287. Physical and Sensorimotor Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
288. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
289. Piaget ’S Stage Theory - Answer (click here)
290. Beyond Piaget - Answer (click here)
291. Early Conceptions of the Physical World - Answer (click here)
292. Number and Mathematical Reasoning - Answer (click here)
293. Social Cognition and Theory of Mind - Answer (click here)
294. Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click
here)
295. The Earliest Interactions - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
296. Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
297. Differences in Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
298. The Role of Temperament - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
299. The Role of Culture - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
300. The Role of Parenting Styles - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
301. The Impact of Child Care - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
302. The Effects of Domestic Conflict and Divorce - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
303. What Happens When there is No Attachment ? - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
304. Peer Relationships - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
305. Development of Moral Thinking - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
306. Conscience and Moral Feeling - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
307. Adolescence - Answer (click here)
308. Physical Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
309. Cognitive Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
310. Socioemotional Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
311. Adulthood and Older Age - Answer (click here)
312. Physical and Sensorimotor Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
313. Cognitive Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
314. Socioemotional Development in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
315. Personality - Answer (click here)
316. The Trait Approach: Defining Our Differences - Answer (click here)
317. The Trait Approach: The Big Five - Answer (click here)
318. The Trait Approach: The Consistency Controversy - Answer (click here)
319. The Trait Approach: Traits and Biology - Answer (click here)
320. The Trait Approach: Traits and the Environment - Answer (click here)
321. The Trait Approach: Contributions of the Trait Approach - Answer (click
here)
322. Psychodynamic Approach: Probing the Depths - Answer (click here)
323. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychoanalysis: Theory and Practice - Answer
(click here)
324. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychological Defenses and Development -
Answer (click here)
325. Psychodynamic Approach: The Empirical Basis of Freud’s Claims -
Answer (click here)
326. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychodynamic Formulations after Freud -
Answer (click here)
327. Psychodynamic Approach: Contributions of the Psychodynamic
Approach - Answer (click here)
328. The Humanistic Approach: Appreciating Our Potential - Answer (click here)
329. The Humanistic Approach: Phenomenology and Self-actualization -
Answer (click here)
330. The Humanistic Approach: The Self - Answer (click here)
331. The Humanistic Approach: Positive Psychology - Answer (click here)
332. Contributions of the Humanistic Approach - Answer (click here)
333. The Social-Cognitive Approach: The Power of Beliefs - Answer (click here)
334. Origins of the Social-Cognitive Approach - Answer (click here)
335. Key Social-Cognitive Concepts - Answer (click here)
336. Contributions of the Social-Cognitive Approach - Answer (click here)
337. Psychopathology - Answer (click here)
338. Conceptions of Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
339. Defining Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
340. Assessing Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
341. Psychopathology: Making Diagnoses Using the DSM - Answer (click here)
342. Psychopathology: The Costs and Benefits of Labeling - Answer (click here)
343. Anxiety Disorders - Answer (click here)
344. Anxiety Disorders: Phobias - Answer (click here)
345. Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia - Answer (click here)
346. Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Answer (click here)
347. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Answer (click here)
348. Stress Disorders - Answer (click here)
349. Roots of the Anxiety Disorders - Answer (click here)
350. Mood Disorders - Answer (click here)
351. Mood Disorders: Depression - Answer (click here)
352. Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder - Answer (click here)
353. The Roots of Mood Disorders - Answer (click here)
354. Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
355. Schizophrenia: Signs and Symptoms - Answer (click here)
356. The Roots of Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
357. Developmental Disorders - Answer (click here)
358. Eating Disorders - Answer (click here)
359. Dissociative Disorders - Answer (click here)
360. Personality Disorders - Answer (click here)

Treatment of Mental Disorders


1. Prologue: What Is Psychology? - Answer (click here)
2. Psychology’s Diverse Methods and Perspectives - Answer (click here)
3. The Neural Basis of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
4. The Evolutionary Basis for Emotional Remembering - Answer (click here)
5. Cognitive Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
6. Social Influences on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
7. The Cultural Setting of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
8. A Developmental Perspective on Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
9. Disorders of Emotional Memory - Answer (click here)
10. What Unites Psychology? - Answer (click here)
11. Psychology: Research Methods - Answer (click here)
12. Psychology: Making Observations - Answer (click here)
13. Making Observations: Defining the Question - Answer (click here)
14. Making Observations: Systematically Collecting Data - Answer (click here)
15. Making Observations: Defining the Sample - Answer (click here)
16. Making Observations: Assessing External Validity - Answer (click here)
17. Making Observations: Monitoring Demand Characteristics - Answer (click
here)
18. Psychology: Working With Data - Answer (click here)
19. Working With Data: Descriptive Statistics - Answer (click here)
20. Working With Data: Inferential Statistics - Answer (click here)
21. Psychology: Observational Studies - Answer (click here)
22. Establishing Cause and Effect: the Power of Experiments - Answer (click
here)
23. Experimental Groups versus Control Groups - Answer (click here)
24. Random Assignment - Answer (click here)
25. Within-Subject Comparisons - Answer (click here)
26. Internal Validity - Answer (click here)
27. Beyond the Single Experiment - Answer (click here)
28. Research Ethics - Answer (click here)
29. The Power of Science - Answer (click here)
30. Some Final Thoughts: Methodological Eclecticism - Answer (click here)
31. The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior - Answer (click here)
32. Genetics and DNA - Answer (click here)
33. Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
34. The Principles of Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
35. Genes and Evolution - Answer (click here)
36. Evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection - Answer (click here)
37. The Unity of Life - Answer (click here)
38. The Genetics and Evolution of Behavior - Answer (click here)
39. The Biological Roots of Smiling - Answer (click here)
40. The Genetics of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
41. The Evolution of Mating Patterns - Answer (click here)
42. The Brain and the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
43. The Organism as a Machine - Answer (click here)
44. Building Blocks of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
45. Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
46. Activity and Communication within the Neuron - Answer (click here)
47. Explaining the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
48. Propagation of the Action Potential - Answer (click here)
49. All-or-None Law - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
50. The Synapse - Communication among Neurons - Answer (click here)
51. The Synaptic Mechanism - Answer (click here)
52. Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
53. Drugs and Neurotransmitters - Answer (click here)
54. Communication through the Bloodstream - Answer (click here)
55. Methods for Studying the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
56. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from Individual
Neurons - Answer (click here)
57. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Studying the Effects of Brain
Damage - Answer (click here)
58. Methods for Studying the Nervous System: Recording from the Whole
Brain - Answer (click here)
59. The Power of Combining Techniques - Answer (click here)
60. The Architecture of the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
61. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems - Answer (click here)
62. The Anatomy of the Brain - Answer (click here)
63. Lateralization - Answer (click here)
64. The Cerebral Cortex - Answer (click here)
65. The Cerebral Cortex: Projection Areas - Answer (click here)
66. Cerebral Cortex: Association Areas - Answer (click here)
67. The Results of Cortical Damage - Answer (click here)
68. Plasticity - Answer (click here)
69. Plasticity: Changes in Neuronal Connections - Answer (click here)
70. Plasticity: Cortical Reorganization - Answer (click here)
71. Plasticity: New Neurons - Answer (click here)
72. Plasticity: Repairing Damage to the Nervous System - Answer (click here)
73. Psychology: Sensation - Answer (click here)
74. The Origins of Knowledge - Answer (click here)
75. Psychophysics - Answer (click here)
76. Psychophysics: Sensory Thresholds - Answer (click here)
77. Psychophysics: Detection and Decision - Answer (click here)
78. A Survey of the Senses - Answer (click here)
79. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Coding - Answer (click here)
80. A Survey of the Senses: Sensory Adaptation - Answer (click here)
81. A Survey of the Senses: The Vestibular Sense - Answer (click here)
82. A Survey of the Senses: The Skin Senses - Answer (click here)
83. A Survey of the Senses: Pain - Answer (click here)
84. A Survey of the Senses: Smell - Answer (click here)
85. A Survey of the Senses: Taste - Answer (click here)
86. Hearing - Answer (click here)
87. The Stimulus: Sound - Answer (click here)
88. From Sound Waves to Hearing - Answer (click here)
89. Vision - Answer (click here)
90. The Stimulus: Light - Answer (click here)
91. Gathering the Stimulus: The Eye - Answer (click here)
92. The Visual Receptors - Answer (click here)
93. Vision Contrast Effects - Answer (click here)
94. Vision Color - Answer (click here)
95. The Neural Basis of Color Vision - Answer (click here)
96. Vision Perceiving Shapes - Answer (click here)
97. Psychology: Perception - Answer (click here)
98. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Features - Answer (click
here)
99. Form Perception: What Is It?: The Importance of Organization - Answer
(click here)
100. Network Models of Perception - Answer (click here)
101. The Neuroscience of Vision - Answer (click here)
102. Perceptual Constancy - Answer (click here)
103. Distance Perception: Where Is It? - Answer (click here)
104. Motion Perception: What Is It Doing? - Answer (click here)
105. Perceptual Selection: Attention - Answer (click here)
106. Perception: Other Modalities - Answer (click here)
107. Consciousness - Answer (click here)
108. Introspection and the Functions of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
109. Consciousness: Translating Thoughts into Words - Answer (click here)
110. Consciousness: The Cognitive Unconscious - Answer (click here)
111. Consciousness: Brain Damage and Unconscious Functioning - Answer
(click here)
112. Consciousness: Unconscious Attributions - Answer (click here)
113. Consciousness: Mistaken Introspections - Answer (click here)
114. The Function of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
115. Neural Basis for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
116. Neural Basis for Consciousness: The Mind-Body Problem - Answer (click
here)
117. The Many Brain Areas Needed for Consciousness - Answer (click here)
118. Neural Correlates of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
119. The Global Workspace Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
120. Varieties of Consciousness - Answer (click here)
121. Consciousness: Sleep - Answer (click here)
122. Consciousness: Sleep and Wake Cycles - Answer (click here)
123. Consciousness: The Need For Sleep - Answer (click here)
124. Consciousness: The Function of Sleep - Answer (click here)
125. Consciousness: Dreams - Answer (click here)
126. Why Do We Dream ? - Answer (click here)
127. Sleep, Dreams, and Consciousness - Answer (click here)
128. Consciousness: Hypnosis - Answer (click here)
129. Consciousness: Religious States(Meditation) - Answer (click here)
130. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness - Answer (click here)
131. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Depressants - Answer (click here)
132. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Stimulants - Answer (click here)
133. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Marijuana - Answer (click here)
134. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Hallucinogens - Answer (click
here)
135. Drug-Induced Changes in Consciousness: Addiction - Answer (click here)
136. Psychology: Learning - Answer (click here)
137. The Perspective of Learning Theory - Answer (click here)
138. Habituation - Answer (click here)
139. Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
140. Classical Conditioning: Pavlov and the Conditioned Response - Answer
(click here)
141. The Major Phenomena of Classical Conditioning - Answer (click here)
142. Classical Conditioning: Acquisition of Conditioned Responses - Answer
(click here)
143. Classical Conditioning: Extinction - Answer (click here)
144. Classical Conditioning: Generalization - Answer (click here)
145. Classical Conditioning: Discrimination - Answer (click here)
146. Classical Conditioning: The CS as a “Signal” - Answer (click here)
147. Classical Conditioning: Contingency - Answer (click here)
148. Classical Conditioning: The Absence of Contingency - Answer (click here)
149. Classical Conditioning: Role of Surprise - Answer (click here)
150. Classical Conditioning: The Relationship between the CR and the UR -
Answer (click here)
151. Instrumental Conditioning - Answer (click here)
152. Instrumental Conditioning: Thorndike and the Law of Effect - Answer
(click here)
153. Instrumental Conditioning: Skinner and Operant Behavior - Answer (click
here)
154. Instrumental Conditioning: The Major Phenomena of Instrumental
Conditioning - Answer (click here)
155. Instrumental Conditioning: Changing Behaviors or Acquiring
Knowledge? - Answer (click here)
156. Observational Learning - Answer (click here)
157. Varieties of Learning - Answer (click here)
158. Biological Influences on Learning: Belongingness - Answer (click here)
159. Different Types of Learning - Answer (click here)
160. Similarities in How Different Species Learn - Answer (click here)
161. The Neural Basis for Learning - Answer (click here)
162. Psychology: Memory - Answer (click here)
163. Acquisition, Storage, Retrieval - Answer (click here)
164. Acquisition - Answer (click here)
165. Acquisition: Working Memory, Long-Term Memory - Answer (click here)
166. Acquisition: Establishing Long-Term Memories - Answer (click here)
167. Psychology: Storage - Answer (click here)
168. Psychology: Retrieval - Answer (click here)
169. Psychology: Memory Gaps, Memory Errors - Answer (click here)
170. Memory Gaps, Memory Errors: Forgetting - Answer (click here)
171. Psychology: Memory Intrusions - Answer (click here)
172. Psychology: Memory: An Overall Assessment - Answer (click here)
173. Psychology: Varieties of Memory - Answer (click here)
174. Psychology: Episodic and Semantic Memory - Answer (click here)
175. Psychology: Possible Subdivisions of Episodic Memory - Answer (click
here)
176. Psychology: Explicit and Implicit Memory - Answer (click here)
177. Psychology: Thinking - Answer (click here)
178. Mental Representations - Answer (click here)
179. Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Experience - Answer (click here)
180. Judgment: The Availability Heuristic - Answer (click here)
181. Judgment: The Representativeness Heuristic - Answer (click here)
182. Judgment: Thinking Dual-Process Theories - Answer (click here)
183. Reasoning: Drawing Implications from Our Beliefs - Answer (click here)
184. Reasoning: Confirmation Bias - Answer (click here)
185. Reasoning: Faulty Logic - Answer (click here)
186. Reasoning: Triggers for Good Reasoning - Answer (click here)
187. Reasoning: Judgment and Reasoning: An Overview - Answer (click here)
188. Decision Making: Choosing Among Options - Answer (click here)
189. Decision Making: Framing Effects - Answer (click here)
190. Decision Making: Affective Forecasting - Answer (click here)
191. Decision Making: Too Many Options - Answer (click here)
192. Decision Making: Reason-Based Choice - Answer (click here)
193. Decision Making: An Overview - Answer (click here)
194. Problem Solving: Finding a Path Toward a Goal - Answer (click here)
195. Problem Solving: The Role of the Goal State - Answer (click here)
196. Problem Solving: Hierarchical Organization - Answer (click here)
197. Problem Solving: Automaticity - Answer (click here)
198. Problem Solving: Obstacles to Problem Solving - Answer (click here)
199. Problem Solving: Overcoming Obstacles to Solutions - Answer (click here)
200. Problem Solving: Restructuring - Answer (click here)
201. Problem Solving: Creative Thinking - Answer (click here)
202. Problem Solving: Experts - Answer (click here)
203. Psychology: Language - Answer (click here)
204. Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
205. Building Blocks of Language: The Sound Units - Answer (click here)
206. Building Blocks of Language: Morphemes and Words - Answer (click here)
207. Building Blocks of Language: Phrases and Sentences - Answer (click here)
208. How Language Conveys Meaning - Answer (click here)
209. Psychology Language: Meanings of Words - Answer (click here)
210. Psychology Language: The Meanings of Sentences - Answer (click here)
211. Psychology Language: How We Understand - Answer (click here)
212. How We Learn a Language - Answer (click here)
213. The Social Origins of Language Learning - Answer (click here)
214. Discovering the Building Blocks of Language - Answer (click here)
215. The Growth of Word Meaning - Answer (click here)
216. The Progression to Adult Language - Answer (click here)
217. Language Learning in Changed Environments - Answer (click here)
218. Wild Children - Answer (click here)
219. Isolated Children - Answer (click here)
220. Language without Sound - Answer (click here)
221. Language without a Model - Answer (click here)
222. Children Deprived of Access to Some of the Meanings - Answer (click here)
223. Children Exposed to More Than One Language: The Case of
Bilingualism - Answer (click here)
224. Language Learning with Changed Endowments - Answer (click here)
225. The Sensitive Period Hypothesis - Answer (click here)
226. Language in Nonhumans - Answer (click here)
227. Language and Thought - Answer (click here)
228. How Language Connects to Thought - Answer (click here)
229. Do People Who Talk Differently Come to Understand the World
Differently? - Answer (click here)
230. How Can We Study Language and Thought? - Answer (click here)
231. Intelligence - Answer (click here)
232. Intelligence Testing - Answer (click here)
233. What Is Intelligence? The Psychometric Approach - Answer (click here)
234. The Logic of Psychometrics - Answer (click here)
235. Factor Analysis and the Idea of General Intelligence - Answer (click here)
236. A Hierarchical Model of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
237. Intelligence: Fluid and Crystallized G - Answer (click here)
238. The Building Blocks of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
239. Intelligence Beyond the IQ Test - Answer (click here)
240. The Roots of Intelligence - Answer (click here)
241. The Roots of Intelligence: The Politics of IQ Testing - Answer (click here)
242. The Roots of Intelligence: The Problems with “Nature vs. Nurture” -
Answer (click here)
243. The Roots of Intelligence: Genetics and Individual IQ - Answer (click here)
244. The Roots of Intelligence: Environment and Individual IQ - Answer (click
here)
245. The Roots of Intelligence: Heritability Ratios - Answer (click here)
246. The Roots of Intelligence: Group Differences in IQ - Answer (click here)
247. Group Differences in IQ: Between - Group and Within – Group
Differences - Answer (click here)
248. Group Differences in IQ: Comparisons Between Men And Women -
Answer (click here)
249. Group Differences in IQ: Stereo Type Threat - Answer (click here)
250. Motivation and Emotion - Answer (click here)
251. Motivational States - Answer (click here)
252. Thermoregulation - Answer (click here)
253. Hunger, Eating, and Obesity - Answer (click here)
254. Physiological Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
255. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Hunger and Eating - Answer (click here)
256. Obesity - Answer (click here)
257. Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
258. Physiological Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click here)
259. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Threat and Aggression - Answer (click
here)
260. Sexual Behavior - Answer (click here)
261. Physiological Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
262. Cultural and Cognitive Aspects of Sexuality - Answer (click here)
263. Sexual Orientation - Answer (click here)
264. Motives Beyond Drives - Answer (click here)
265. The Diversity of Motives - Answer (click here)
266. Emotion and Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
267. The Many Facets of Emotion - Answer (click here)
268. The Functions of Emotion - Answer (click here)
269. Emotion Regulation - Answer (click here)
270. Social Psychology - Answer (click here)
271. Social Cognition - Answer (click here)
272. Social Cognition: Attribution - Answer (click here)
273. Social Cognition: Person Perception - Answer (click here)
274. Social Cognition: Attitudes - Answer (click here)
275. Social Influence - Answer (click here)
276. Social Influence: Conformity - Answer (click here)
277. Social Influence: Obedience - Answer (click here)
278. Social Influence: Compliance - Answer (click here)
279. Social Influence: Group Dynamics - Answer (click here)
280. Social Relations - Answer (click here)
281. Social Relations: Helping and Altruism - Answer (click here)
282. Social Relations: Attraction - Answer (click here)
283. Social Relations: Love - Answer (click here)
284. Psychology: Development - Answer (click here)
285. Prenatal Development - Answer (click here)
286. Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
287. Physical and Sensorimotor Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
288. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
289. Piaget ’S Stage Theory - Answer (click here)
290. Beyond Piaget - Answer (click here)
291. Early Conceptions of the Physical World - Answer (click here)
292. Number and Mathematical Reasoning - Answer (click here)
293. Social Cognition and Theory of Mind - Answer (click here)
294. Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click
here)
295. The Earliest Interactions - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
296. Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Childhood -
Answer (click here)
297. Differences in Attachment - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
298. The Role of Temperament - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
299. The Role of Culture - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
300. The Role of Parenting Styles - Socioemotional Development in Infancy
and Childhood - Answer (click here)
301. The Impact of Child Care - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
302. The Effects of Domestic Conflict and Divorce - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
303. What Happens When there is No Attachment ? - Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
304. Peer Relationships - Socioemotional Development in Infancy and
Childhood - Answer (click here)
305. Development of Moral Thinking - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
306. Conscience and Moral Feeling - Socioemotional Development in
Infancy and Childhood - Answer (click here)
307. Adolescence - Answer (click here)
308. Physical Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
309. Cognitive Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
310. Socioemotional Development in Adolescence - Answer (click here)
311. Adulthood and Older Age - Answer (click here)
312. Physical and Sensorimotor Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
313. Cognitive Changes in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
314. Socioemotional Development in Adulthood - Answer (click here)
315. Personality - Answer (click here)
316. The Trait Approach: Defining Our Differences - Answer (click here)
317. The Trait Approach: The Big Five - Answer (click here)
318. The Trait Approach: The Consistency Controversy - Answer (click here)
319. The Trait Approach: Traits and Biology - Answer (click here)
320. The Trait Approach: Traits and the Environment - Answer (click here)
321. The Trait Approach: Contributions of the Trait Approach - Answer (click
here)
322. Psychodynamic Approach: Probing the Depths - Answer (click here)
323. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychoanalysis: Theory and Practice - Answer
(click here)
324. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychological Defenses and Development -
Answer (click here)
325. Psychodynamic Approach: The Empirical Basis of Freud’s Claims -
Answer (click here)
326. Psychodynamic Approach: Psychodynamic Formulations after Freud -
Answer (click here)
327. Psychodynamic Approach: Contributions of the Psychodynamic
Approach - Answer (click here)
328. The Humanistic Approach: Appreciating Our Potential - Answer (click here)
329. The Humanistic Approach: Phenomenology and Self-actualization -
Answer (click here)
330. The Humanistic Approach: The Self - Answer (click here)
331. The Humanistic Approach: Positive Psychology - Answer (click here)
332. Contributions of the Humanistic Approach - Answer (click here)
333. The Social-Cognitive Approach: The Power of Beliefs - Answer (click here)
334. Origins of the Social-Cognitive Approach - Answer (click here)
335. Key Social-Cognitive Concepts - Answer (click here)
336. Contributions of the Social-Cognitive Approach - Answer (click here)
337. Psychopathology - Answer (click here)
338. Conceptions of Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
339. Defining Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
340. Assessing Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
341. Psychopathology: Making Diagnoses Using the DSM - Answer (click here)
342. Psychopathology: The Costs and Benefits of Labeling - Answer (click here)
343. Anxiety Disorders - Answer (click here)
344. Anxiety Disorders: Phobias - Answer (click here)
345. Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia - Answer (click here)
346. Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Answer (click here)
347. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Answer (click here)
348. Stress Disorders - Answer (click here)
349. Roots of the Anxiety Disorders - Answer (click here)
350. Mood Disorders - Answer (click here)
351. Mood Disorders: Depression - Answer (click here)
352. Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder - Answer (click here)
353. The Roots of Mood Disorders - Answer (click here)
354. Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
355. Schizophrenia: Signs and Symptoms - Answer (click here)
356. The Roots of Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
357. Developmental Disorders - Answer (click here)
358. Eating Disorders - Answer (click here)
359. Dissociative Disorders - Answer (click here)
360. Personality Disorders - Answer (click here)
361. Treatment of Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
362. Treatments Past and Present - Answer (click here)
363. Early Treatments for Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
364. Current Treatments for Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
365. Psychological Treatments - Answer (click here)
366. Psychological Treatments: Psychodynamic Approaches - Answer (click
here)
367. Psychological Treatments: Humanistic Approaches - Answer (click here)
368. Psychological Treatments: Behavioral Approaches - Answer (click here)
369. Psychological Treatments: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches - Answer
(click here)
370. Psychological Treatments: Integrated Treatments and Eclecticism -
Answer (click here)
371. Psychological Treatments: Beyond One-on-One Therapy - Answer (click
here)
372. Biomedical Treatment of Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
373. Pharmacological Treatments of Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
374. Nonpharmacological Treatments of Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
375. Common Factors and Combined Treatments of Mental Disorders -
Answer (click here)
376. The Importance of Empirically Supported Treatments of Mental
Disorders - Answer (click here)
377. Logic of Outcome Research - Evaluating Treatment of Mental Disorders
- Answer (click here)
378. Evaluating Psychological vs. Biomedical Treatments of Mental
Disorders - Answer (click here)
379. Efficacy vs. Utility - Treatments of Mental Disorders - Answer (click here)
380. Meta-Analyses of Therapy Outcome - Treatment of Mental Disorders -
Answer (click here)
381. Does One Size Fit All? - Treatment of Mental Disorders - Answer (click
here)

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