An

adverse drug reaction

(abbreviated
ADR
) or
adverse drug event
(abbreviated
ADE
) is an expression that describes the unwanted, negative consequences associatedwith the use of
givenmedications. An ADR is a particular type of adverse effect. Themeaning of this expression
differs from the meaning of "side effect", as this lastexpression might also imply that the effects
can be beneficial.
[1]
The study of ADRs is theconcern of the field known as
pharmacovigilance
.
Contents
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•
1Classification
o
1.1Cause
o
1.2 Seriousness and Severity
o
1.3 Overall Drug Risk
o
1.4Location
•
2Mechanisms
o
2.1 Abnormal pharmacokinetics

2.1.1 Comorbid disease states

2.1.2 Genetic factors

2.1.2.1 Phase I reactions

2.1.2.2 Phase II reactions

2.1.3 Interactions with other drugs

2.1.3.1 Protein binding

2.1.3.2 Cytochrome P450
o
2.2 Synergistic effects
•
3 Assessing causality
•
4Monitoringbodies
•
5 Examples of adverse effects associated with specific medications
•
6Seealso
•
7References
•
8Externallinks
Classification
ADRs may be classified by e.g. cause and severity.
Cause
•
Type A: Augmented pharmacologic effects
•
Type B: Bizarre effects (or idiosyncratic