EC GATE'14 Paper 03 PDF

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Q. No. 1 – 5 Carry One Mark Each
1. “India is a country of rich heritage and cultural diversity.” Which one of the following facts
best supports the claim made in the above sentence?
(A) India is a union of 28 states and 7 union territories.
(B) India has a population of over 1.1 billion.
(C) India is home to 22 official languages and thousands of dialects.
(D) The Indian cricket team draws players from over ten states.
Answer: C
Exp: Diversity is shown in terms of difference language
2. The value of one U.S. dollar is 65 Indian Rupees today, compared to 60 last year. The Indian
Rupee has ____________.
(A) Depressed (B) Depreciated (C) Appreciated (D) Stabilized
Answer: B
3. 'Advice' is ________________.
(A) a verb (B) a noun
(C) an adjective (D) both a verb and a noun
Answer: B
4. The next term in the series 81, 54, 36, 24 … is ________

Answer: 16
2
Exp: 81 − 54 = 27;27 × = 18
3
2
54 − 36 = 18;18 × = 12
3
2
36 − 24 = 12;12 × = 8
3
∴ 24 − 8 = 16
5. In which of the following options will the expression P < M be definitely true?
(A) M < R > P > S (B) M > S < P < F
(C) Q < M < F = P (D) P = A < R < M
Answer: D
Q. No. 6 – 10 Carry Two Marks Each
6. Find the next term in the sequence: 7G, 11K, 13M, ___
(A) 15Q (B) 17Q (C) 15P (D) 17P
Answer: B
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7. The multi-level hierarchical pie chart shows the population of animals in a reserve forest. The
correct conclusions from this information are:
Beetle Tiger
Re d − ant
Elephant
Mammal
Honey
− bee In sec t
Leopard
Re ptile
Snake
Moth Bird
Crocadile
Hawk Drongo
Bulbul
Butterfly
(i) Butterflies are birds

(ii) There are more tigers in this forest than red ants
(iii) All reptiles in this forest are either snakes or crocodiles
(iv) Elephants are the largest mammals in this forest
(A) (i) and (ii) only (B) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(C) (i), (iii) and (iv) only (D) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
Answer: D
Exp: It is not mentioned that elephant is the largest animal
8. A man can row at 8 km per hour in still water. If it takes him thrice as long to row upstream,
as to row downstream, then find the stream velocity in km per hour.
Answer: 4
Exp: 4 km/hr.
Speed of man=8
Left distance =d
d
Time taken=
8
Upstream:
Speed of stream=s
⇒ speed upstream = S' = (8 − s)
 d 
t' =  
8−s
Downstream:
d
Given speed downstream = t '' =
8+s
2
⇒ 3t ' = t ''
3d d
⇒ =
8−s 8+s
3d d
⇒ =
8−s 8+s
⇒ s = 4km / hr
9. A firm producing air purifiers sold 200 units in 2012. The following pie chart presents the
share of raw material, labour, energy, plant & machinery, and transportation costs in the total
manufacturing cost of the firm in 2012. The expenditure on labour in 2012 is Rs. 4,50,000. In
2013, the raw material expenses increased by 30% and all other expenses increased by 20%.
If the company registered a profit of Rs. 10 lakhs in 2012, at what price (in Rs.) was each air
purifier sold?
Trans
Labour
portat
ion 15%
10%
Plant and Raw Material
machinery 20%
30%
Energy
25%
Answer: 20,000
15
Exp: Total expenditure= = x = 4,50,000
100
x=3×106
Profit=10 lakhs
So, total selling price =40,00,000 … (1)
Total purifies=200 … (2)
S.P of each purifier=(1)/(2)=20,000
10. A batch of one hundred bulbs is inspected by testing four randomly chosen bulbs. The batch
is rejected if even one of the bulbs is defective. A batch typically has five defective bulbs.
The probability that the current batch is accepted is _________
Answer: 0.8145
95
Exp: Probability for one bulb to be non defective is
100
4
 95 
∴ Probabilities that none of the bulbs is defectives   = 0.8145
 100 
3
Q.No. 1 – 25 Carry One Mark Each
1. The maximum value of the function f(x) = ln(1 + x)- x (where .x > - 1) occurs at x=______.
Answer: 0
1
Exp: f1 (x) = 0 ⇒ −1 = 0
1+ x
−x
⇒ =0⇒x =0
1+ x
−1
and f 11 ( x ) = < 0 at x = 0
(1 + x )
2
2. Which ONE of the following is a linear non-homogeneous differential equation, where x and
y are the independent and dependent variables respectively?
dy dy
( A) + xy = e − x ( B) + xy = 0
dx dx
dy dy − y
( C) + xy = e − y ( D) + e = e− y = 0
dx dx
Answer: A
dy
Exp: (A) + xy = e − x is a first order linear equation (non-homogeneous)
dx
dy
(B) + xy = 0 is a first order linear equation (homogeneous
dx
(C), (D) are non linear equations
3. Match the application to appropriate numerical method.

Application Numerical |Method
P1: Numerical integration M1: Newton-Raphson Method
P2: Solution to a transcendental equation M2: Runge-Kutta Method
P3: Solution to a system of linear equations M3: Simpson’s 1/3-rule
P4: Solution to a differential equation M4: Gauss Elimination Method
(A) P1—M3, P2—M2, P3—M4, P4—M1 (B) P1—M3, P2—M1, P3—M4, P4—M2
(C) P1—M4, P2—M1, P3—M3, P4—M2 (D) P1—M2, P2—M1, P3—M3, P4—M4
Answer: B
Exp: P1 − M3,P2 − M1, P3 − M4,P4 − M2
4. An unbiased coin is tossed an infinite number of times. The probability that the fourth head
appears at the tenth toss is
(A) 0.067 (B) 0.073 (C) 0.082 (D) 0.091
4
Answer: C
Exp: P[fourth head appears at the tenth toss] = P [getting 3 heads in the first 9 tosses and one
head at tenth toss]
  1 9   1  21
=  9 C3 .    ×   = = 0.082
  2    2  256
5. If z = xyln(xy), then
∂z ∂z ∂z ∂z
( A) x +y =0 ( B) y =x
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
∂z ∂z ∂z ∂z
( C) x =y ( D) y +x =0
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
Answer: C
∂z  1 
Exp: = y  x × × y + ln xy  = y (1 + ln xy )
∂x  xy 
∂z ∂z ∂z
and = x (1 + ln xy ) ⇒ x =y
∂y ∂x ∂y
6. A series RC circuit is connected to a DC voltage source at time t = 0. The relation between

the
source voltage VS, the resistance R, the capacitance C, and the current i(t) is given below:
1 t
Ve = Ri ( t ) + i ( u ) du
c ∫0
Which one of the following represents the current f(t)?
( A) ( B)
i (t) i (t)
0 t
0 t
( C) ( D)
i (t) i (t)
0 t 0 t
5
Answer: A
Exp: In a series RC circuit,
VS
→ Initially at t = 0, capacitor charges with a current of and in steady state at t = ∞ ,
R
capacitor behaves like open circuit and no current flows through the circuit
→ So the current i(t) represents an exponential decay function
i (t )
0 →t
7. In the figure shown, the value of the current I (in Amperes) is __________.
5Ω 5Ω
I
5V ± ↑ 1A 10 Ω
Answer: 0.5
Exp:
V
I
5Ω 5Ω
+
5V − 1A 10Ω
V−5 V
Apply KCL at node V, −1 + = 0
5 15
30
⇒ V = volts
4
V 2
⇒ current I = ⇒ ⇒ 0.50 Amperes
15 4
8. In MOSFET fabrication, the channel length is defined during the process of

(A) Isolation oxide growth
(B) Channel stop implantation
(C) Poly-silicon gate patterning
(D) Lithography step leading to the contact pads
Answer: C
6
9. A thin P-type silicon sample is uniformly illuminated with light which generates excess
carriers. The recombination rate is directly proportional to
(A) The minority carrier mobility
(B) The minority carrier recombination lifetime
(C) The majority carrier concentration
(D) The excess minority carrier concentration
Answer: D
Exp: (
Recombination rate, R = B n n o + n 'n )( P no + Pn' )
n n0 & Pn0 = Electron and hole concentrations respectively under thermal equilibrium
n 'n & p 'n = Excess elements and hole concentrations respectively
kT
10. At T = 300 K, the hole mobility of a semiconductor µ P = 500cm 2 / V − s and = 26 mV.
q
The hole diffusion constant D P in cm2/s is ________
Answer: 13
Exp: From Einstein relation,
D P kJ
=
µp q
⇒ D P = 26 mV × 500cm 2 / v − s = 13cm 2 / s
11. The desirable characteristics of a transconductance amplifier are

(A) High input resistance and high output resistance
(B) High input resistance and low output resistance
(C) Low input resistance and high output resistance
(D) Low input resistance and low output resistance
Answer: A
Exp: Transconductance amplifier must have z i = ∞ and z 0 = ∞ ideally
12. In the circuit shown, the PNP transistor has VBE = 0.7 and β = 50. Assume that R B = 100kΩ
For V0 to be 5 V, the value of R C ( in kΩ ) _________________
RC
V0
RB VEE = 10 V
7
Answer: 1.075
Exp: KVL in base loop gives,
10 − 0.7
IB = = 93 µA
100K
⇒ IC = β IB = 50 × 93 µA = 4.65mA
from figure, V0 = IC R C
V0 5V
⇒ RC = = = 1.075 Ω
IC 4.65 mA
13. The figure shows a half-wave rectifier. The diode D is ideal. The average steady-state current
(in Amperes) through the diode is approximately ____________.
D
C
10sin ωt ~ R
4 mF
f = 50 Hz 100 Ω
Answer: 0.09
Idc
Exp: Vdc = Vm −
4fc
Idc
Idc R L = Vm −
4fc
 1 
Idc  R L + = Vm
 4fc 
10
⇒ Idc = = 0.09A
1
100 +
4 × 50 × 4 × 10−3
14. An analog voltage in the range 0 to 8 V is divided in 16 equal intervals for conversion to 4-bit
digital output. The maximum quantization error (in V) is _________________
Answer: 0.25
step − size
Exp: Maximum quantization error is
2
8−0 1
step − size = = = 0.5V
16 2
Quantization error = 0.25 V
8
15. The circuit shown in the figure is a
D Q Q
D Latch D Latch
En Q En Q
Clk
(A) Toggle Flip Flop (B) JK Flip Flop

(C) SR Latch (D) Master-Slave D Flip Flop
Answer: D
Exp: Latches are used to construct Flip-Flop. Latches are level triggered, so if you use two latches
in cascaded with inverted clock, then one latch will behave as master and another latch which
is having inverted clock will be used as a slave and combined it will behave as a flip-flop. So
given circuit is implementing Master-Slave D flip-flop
16. Consider the multiplexer based logic circuit shown in the figure.
W 0
MUX 0
1 MUX F
1
S1
S2
Which one of the following Boolean functions is realized by the circuit?

( A) F = WS1 S2 ( B) F = WS1 + WS2 + S1S2
( C) F = W + S1 + S2 ( D) F = W ⊕ S1 ⊕ S2
Answer: D
Exp:
W
0
MUX
Y
1 0
MUX F
1
S1
S2
Output of first MUX = ws1 + ws1 = w ⊕ s1

Let Y = w ⊕ s1
Output of second MUX = Ys2 + Y s 2
= Y ⊕ s2
= w ⊕ s1 + s 2
9
17. Let x(t)= cos (10πt ) + cos ( 30πt ) be sampled at 20 Hz and reconstructed using an ideal low-
pass filter with cut-off frequency of 20 Hz. The frequency/frequencies present in the
reconstructed signal is/are
(A) 5 Hz and 15 Hz only (B) 10 Hz and 15 Hz only
(C) 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 15 Hz only (D) 5 Hz only
Answer: (A)
Explanation: x ( t ) = cos (10πt ) + cos ( 30πt ) , Fs = 20Hz
Spectrum of x(t)
−15 − 5 5 15 t
Spectrum of sampled version of x(t)
−35 25 − 15 − 5 5 15 25 35
After LPF, signal will contain 5 and 15Hz component only
( z − b) , where H e = 1,
−1
18. For an all-pass system H (z) =

(1 − az ) −1 ( ) − jω
for all ω .If
Re ( a ) ≠ 0, Im ( a ) ≠ 0, then b equals
(A) a (B) a* (C) 1/a* (D) 1/a
Answer: (B)
1 1
Exp: For an all pass system, pole = or zero =
zero * pole*
pole = a
1
zero =
b
1 1
⇒ = or b = a *
b a*
19. A modulated signal is y(t) = m.(t)cos(40000 πt ), where the baseband signal m(t) has
frequency components less than 5 kHz only. The minimum required rate (in kHz) at which
y(t) should be sampled to recover m(t) is __________________.
10
Answer: 10 KHz.
Exp: Since m(t) is a base band signal with maximum frequency 5 KHz, assumed spreads as
follows:
M(f )
f
m(t) M(f )
−5k +5k f (Hz)
*1
∵ y(t) = m(t) cos(40000π t) 
7
→ m(f ) [δ(f − 20k) + δ(f + 20k)]
2
1
∴ y(f ) = [ M(f − 20k) + M(f + 20 k)]
2
Thus the spectrum of the modulated signal is as follows:
y(f )
15k 25k f (Hz)

−25k −20k −15k 20k
If y(t) is sampled with a sampling frequency ‘fs’ then the resultant signal is a periodic
extension of successive replica of y(f) with a period ‘fs’.
It is observed that 10 KHz and 20 KHz are the two sampling frequencies which causes a
replica of M(f) which can be filtered out by a LPF.
Thus the minimum sampling frequency (fs) which extracts m(t) from g(f) is 10 KHz.
20. Consider the following block diagram in the figure.
R ( s) + + C ( s)
G1 G2
+ +
C ( s)
The transfer function is
R ( s)
G1G 2 G1
( A) ( B) G1G 2 + G1 + 1 ( C) G1G 2 + G 2 + 1 ( D)
1 + G1G 2 1 + G1G 2
11
Answer: C
Exp: By drawing the signal flow graph for the given block diagram
G1 G2 1
C (s)
R (s) 1
1
1
Number of parallel paths are three
Gains P1 = G1G 2 , P2 = G 2 , P3 = 1
By mason’s gain formula,
C(s)
= P1 + P2 + P3
R (s)
⇒ G1G 2 + G 2 + 1
21. The input −3e2 t u ( t ) , where u(t) is the unit step function, is applied to a system with transfer
s−2
function . . If the initial value of the output is -2, then the value of the output at steady
s+3
state is__________________.
Answer: 0
Exp: 1
Y (s ) S− 2
=
X (s ) S+3
⇒ SY ( s ) + 3Y ( s ) = S × ( s ) − 2X ( s )
Due to initial condition, we can write above equation as
Sy ( s ) − y ( 0 ) + 3y ( s ) = sx ( s ) − x ( 0 − ) − 2x ( s )
y ( 0− ) = −2, x ( 0− ) = 0  x ( t ) = 3e2t u ( t ) 
 −3 
⇒ Sy ( s ) + 2 + 3y ( s ) = ( s − 2 )  
s−2
−5
( s + 3) y ( s ) = −3 − 2 ⇒ y ( s ) =
5+3
⇒ y ( t ) = −5e u ( t )
−3t
y ( ∞ )( steady sate ) = 0
Exp: 2
s−2
H (s) = ;X ( t ) = −3e2 t .u ( t )
s+3
−3 −3
∴ X (s) = ⇒ Y (s) =
s−2 s+3
−3s
y ( t ) at t =∞ ⇒ y ( ∞ ) = lim S.y ( s ) = lim
s →0 s →0 s+3
y(∞) = 0
12
22. The phase response of a passband waveform at the receiver is given by

φ ( f ) = −2πα ( f − f c ) − 2πβ f c
Where fc is the centre frequency, and α and β are positive constants. The actual signal
propagation delay from the transmitter to receiver is
α −β αβ
(A) ( B) ( C) α ( D) β
α+β α +β
Answer: C
Exp: Phase response of pass band waveform
φ ( f ) = −2πα ( f − f c ) − 2πβ f c
− dφ ( f )
Group delay t y = =α
2π df
Thus ' α ' is actual signal propagation delay from transmitter to receiver
23. Consider an FM signal f ( t ) = cos [ 2 πf c t + β1 sin 2 πf1t + β 2 sin 2πf 2 t.] . The maximum
deviation of the instantaneous frequency from the carrier frequency fc is
( A) β1f1 + β2f 2 ( B) β1f 2 + β 2f1 ( C) β1 + β2 ( D) f1 + f 2
Answer: A
Exp: Instantaneous phase φi ( t ) = 2π f c t + β1 sin 2πf1 + β 2 sin 2πf 2 t
d 1
Instantaneous frequency f i ( t ) = φi ( t ) ×
dt 2π
= f c + β1f1 cos 2πf1t + β2 f 2 cos 2πf 2 t
Instantaneous frequency deviation = β1f1 cos 2 πf1 t + β2 f 2 cos 2 πf 2 t
Maximum ∆f = β1f1 + β2 f 2
24. Consider an air filled rectangular waveguide with a cross-section of 5 cm × 3 cm. For this
waveguide, the cut-off frequency (in MHz) of TE21 mode is _________.
Answer: 7810MHz.
2 2
C 2 1
Exp: f c ( TE 21 ) =   + 
2 9 b
3 × 1010  2   1 
2 2
=   + 
2  5 3
= 1.5 × 1010 0.16 + 0.111
= 0.52 × 1.5 × 1010
= 7.81 GHz
= 7810 MHz.
13
25. In the following figure, the transmitter Tx sends a wideband modulated RF signal via a
coaxial cable to the receiver Rx. The output impedance ZT of Tx, the characteristic
impedance Z0 of the cable and the input impedance ZR of Rx are all real.
Transmitter Re ceiver
Characteristic Im pedance = Z0
ZT ZR
TX RX
Which one of the following statements is TRUE about the distortion of the received signal
due to impedance mismatch?
(A) The signal gets distorted if ZR ≠ Z0, irrespective of the value of ZT
(B) The signal gets distorted if ZT ≠ Z0, irrespective of the value of ZR
(C) Signal distortion implies impedance mismatch at both ends: ZT ≠ Z0 and ZR ≠ Z0
(D) Impedance mismatches do NOT result in signal distortion but reduce power transfer
efficiency
Answer: C
Exp: Signal distortion implies impedance mismatch at both ends. i.e.,
ZT ≠ Z 0
ZR ≠ Z0
Q. No. 26 – 55 Carry Two Marks Each
26. The maximum value of f(x)=2x3 – 9x2 +12x - 3 in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 is _______.
Answer: 6
Exp: f 1 ( x ) = 6x 2 − 18x + 12 = 0 ⇒ x = 1, 2 ∈ [ 0,3]
Now f ( 0 ) = −3 ; f ( 3) = 6 and f (1) = 2 ; f ( 2 ) = 1
Hence, f(x) is maximum at x = 3 and the maximum value is 6
27. Which one of the following statements is NOT true for a square matrix?
(A) If A is upper triangular, the eigenvalues of A are the diagonal elements of it
(B) If A is real symmetric, the eigenvalues of A are always real and positive
(C) If A is real, the eigenvalues of A and AT are always the same
(D) If all the principal minors of A are positive, all the eigenvalues of A are also positive
Answer: B
14
 −1 1
Exp: Consider, A  which is real symmetric matrix
1 − 1
Characteristic equation is A − λI = 0 ⇒ (1 + λ ) − 1 = 0
2
⇒ λ + 1 = ±1
∴λ = 0, − 2 ( not positive )
(B) is not true

(A), (C), (D) are true using properties of eigen values
28. A fair coin is tossed repeatedly till both head and tail appear at least once. The average
number of tosses required is __________________.
Exp: Let the first toss be Head.
Let x denotes the number of tosses( after getting first head) to get first tail.
We can summarize the even as:
Event x Probability(p(x))
(After getting first H)
T 1 1/2
HT 2 1/2*1/2=1/4
HHT 3 1/8
and so on………..
∞
1 1 1
E ( x ) = ∑ xp ( x ) = 1x + 2x + 3x
x =1 2 4 8
1 1 1
Let, S =1x + 2x + 3x ( I)
2 4 8
1 1 1 1
⇒ S= + 2x + 3x ( II )
2 4 8 16
( I − II ) gives
 1 1 1 1 1
1 −  S = + + + +
 2 2 4 8 16
1
1
⇒ S = 2 =1
2 1
1−
2
⇒S= 2
⇒ E(x) = 2
i.e. The expected number of tosses (after first head) to get first tail is 2 and same can be
applicable if first toss results in tail.
Hence the average number of tosses is 1+2 = 3.
15
29. Let X1, X2, and X3 be independent and identically distributed random variables with the
uniform distribution on [0, 1]. The probability P{X1+ X2 ≤ X3} is ________.
Answer: 0.16
Exp: Given x1 x 2 and x 3 be independent and identically distributed with uniform distribution on
[0,1]
Let z = x1 + x 2 − x 3
⇒ P {x1 + x 2 ≤ x 3 } = P {x1 + x 2 − x 3 ≤ 0}
= P {z ≤ 0}
Let us find probability density function of random variable z.
Since Z is summation of three random variable x1 , x 2 and − x 3
Overall pdf of z is convolution of the pdf of x1 x 2 and − x 3
pdf of {x1 + x 2 } is
O 1 2
1
pdf of − x 3 is
−1
3 0
( z + 1) ( z + 1)
0 2
1
P {z ≤ 0} = ∫ dz = = = 0.16
−1
2 6 6
−1
30. Consider the building block called ‘Network N’ shown in the figure.
Let C = 100µF and R = 10kΩ
Network N
+ +
C
V1 ( s) R V2 ( s)
− −
Two such blocks are connected in cascade, as shown in the figure.
+ + +
V1 ( s) Network N Network N V3 ( s )
− − −
16
v 3 ( s)
The transfer function of the cascaded network is
v1 ( s )
2
s s2  s  s
( A) ( B) ( C)   ( D)
1+ s 1 + 3s + s2 1+ s 2+s
Answer: B
Exp: Two blocks are connected in cascade, Represent in s-domain,
+ 1 1 +
SC SC
V1 ( s ) R R V3 ( s )
− −
V3 ( s ) R . R
=
V1 ( s ) 1 1   1 
R+R+ +R + R
sc  SC   SC 
R. R
=
1 1 R
.
SC SC
 2R ( SC ) + 1 +
 SC
[1 + RSC]
S2 C 2 .R.R
=
1 + 2R ( SC )  + RSC + R S C
2 2 2
S2 .100 × 100 × 10−6 × 10−6 × 10 × 10 × 103 × 103

=
S2 × 100 × 106 × 104 × 10−12 + 3S + 100 × 10−6 × 104 + 1
V3 ( s ) S2
=
V1 ( s ) 1 + 3S + S2
31. In the circuit shown in the figure, the value of node voltage V2 is
10∠0O V
+ −
V1 V2
4Ω
4∠0OA 6Ω j6Ω
− j3Ω
(A) 22 + j 2 V (B) 2 + j 22 V (C) 22 – j 2 V (D) 2 – j 22 V
17
Answer: D
4Ω
Exp: Super node
0
V 10 0 V2
V
+ −
4 0o A 6Ω j6 Ω
− j3Ω
KVL for V1 & V2 :

V1
V2
+ −
+ +
− 10 0 o −
V1 − V2 = 10 0o ....(1)
V1 = V2 + 10 0o
KCL at super node:

V1 V2 V2
−4 0o + + + =0 ... ( 2 )
− j3 6 j6
V1 V2 V2
+ + = 4 0o
− j3 V6 j6
V2 + 10 0o V2 V2
from (1) & ( 2 ) , + + = 4 0o
− j3 6 j6
 1 1 1 10
V2  + +  = 4 0o +
 − j3 6 j6  j3
∴ V2 = ( 2 − j22 ) Volts
32. In the circuit shown in the figure, the angular frequency ω (in rad/s), at which the Norton
equivalent impedance as seen from terminals b-b' is purely resistive, is
__________________.
1Ω 1F
b
+
10cos ωt ~
( Volts) − 0.5 H
b'
Answer: 2 r/sec
18
Exp: Norton’s equivalent impedance

1
1* jω. b
ZN = 2 + 1 1Ω 1F
1 jω.1
1 + jω. 0.5H
2
jω 1
= + b1
Zu
2 + jω jω
( 2 − ω ) + jω ⇒ Z ( ω − 2 ) − jω .  ω + 2 jω
2  2   2 
ZN = =
 2 jω − ω2   ω4 + 4ω2 
N
Equating imaginary term to zero i.e., ω3 − 4ω = 0

⇒ ω ( ω2 − 4 ) = 0 ⇒ ω = 2 r / sec
33. For the Y-network shown in the figure, the value of R 1 ( in Ω ) in the equivalent ∆ -network is
_____________________.
R1
5Ω 3Ω
7.5Ω
Answer: 10Ω R1
Exp:
5Ω 3Ω
7.5Ω
R1 =
( 7.5)( 5) + ( 3)( 5 ) + ( 7.5)( 3) Ω
7.5
R 1 = 10Ω
34. The donor and accepter impurities in an abrupt junction silicon diode are 1 x 1016 cm-3 and 5
x 1018 cm-3, respectively. Assume that the intrinsic carrier concentration in silicon ni = 1.5 x
kT
1010 cm-3 at 300 K, = 26 mV and the permittivity of silicon εsi = 1.04 × 10−12 F / cm. The
q
built-in potential and the depletion width of the diode under thermal equilibrium conditions,
respectively, are
(A) 0.7 V and 1 x 10-4 cm (B) 0.86 V and 1 x 10-4 cm
(C) 0.7 V and 3.3 x 10-5 cm (D) 0.86 V and 3.3 x 10-5 cm
19
Answer: D
 
NA ND  5 × 1018 × 1 × 1016 
Exp: Vbi = VT ln = 26 mv ln
ni2  (1.5 × 1010 )2 
 
= 0.859V
2εS Vbi  N A + N D  −5
W=   = 3.34 × 10 cm
q  NA ND 
35. The slope of the ID vs VGS curve of an n-channel MOSFET in linear regime is 10−3 Ω −1 at
VDS = 0.1V. . For the same device, neglecting channel length modulation, the slope of the
( )
I D vs VGS curve in A / V under saturation regime is approximately ___________.
Answer: 0.07
 V 2
Exp: In linear region, I D = k ( VGS − VT ) VDS − DS 
 2 
∂I D VDS2
= 10−3 = kVDS ∵ VDS is small, is neglected
∂VGS 2
10−3
⇒K= = 0.01
0.1
1
In saturation region, I D = k ( VGS − VT )
2
2
k
ID = ( VGS − VT )
2
∂ ID k 0.01
= = = 0.07
∂VGS 2 2
36. An ideal MOS capacitor has boron doping-concentration of 1015 cm-3 in the substrate. When a
gate voltage is applied, a depletion region of width 0.5 µm is formed with a surface (channel)
potential of 0.2 V. Given that εo = 8.854 × 10-14 F/cm and the relative permittivities of silicon
and silicon dioxide are 12 and 4, respectively, the peak electric field (in V/µm) in the oxide
region is __________________.
Answer: 2.4
2 × 0.2
Exp: Es = = 0.8 v / µm
0.5
Es
E ox = E s = 2.4 v / µm
E ox
20
37. In the circuit shown, the silicon BJT has β = 50 . Assume VBE =0.7 V and VCE(sat) = 0.2 V.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
10 V
RC
50kΩ
5V
RB
(A) For RC = 1 kΩ, the BJT operates in the saturation region

(B) For RC = 3 kΩ, , the BJT operates in the saturation region
(C) For RC =20 kΩ, , the BJT operates in the cut-off region
(D) For RC =20 kΩ, , the BJT operates in the linear region
Answer: B
Exp: KVL in base loop,
5 − I B ( 50 k ) − 0.7 = 0
5 − 0.7
IB = = 80 µA
50 k
⇒ IC = β IB = 50 × 86 µA = 4.3mA
10 − VCE ( sat ) 10 − 0.2
∴RC = =
IC 4.3mA
R C = 2279 Ω and the BJT is in saturation
38. Assuming that the Op-amp in the circuit shown is ideal, VO is given by
3R
V1 −
R VO
V2 +
2R R
5 5 3 7 11
( A) V1 − 3V2 ( B) ZV1 − V2 ( C) − V1 + V2 ( D) − 3V1 + V2
2 2 2 2 2
Answer: D
Exp: Virtual ground and KCL at inverting terminal gives
3R
V2 − V1 V2 V2 − V0
+ + =0
R 2R 3R R V2
• • −
V1 • Vo
V0 V2 V2 V2 V1 • +
= + + − 2R V2 R
3R R 3R 2R R
11
V0 = −3V1 + V2
2
21
39. For the MOSFET M1 shown in the figure, assume W/L = 2, VDD = 2.0 V, µ n Cox = 100µA / V 2
and VTH = 0.5 V. The transistor M1 switches from saturation region to linear region when Vin
(in Volts) is_________________.
VDD
R = 10 kΩ
Vout
Vin M1
Answer: 1.5
Exp: Transistor m1 switch from saturation to linear
⇒ VDS = VGS − VT ; where VDS = V0 and VGS = Vi
∴ VDS = V0 = Vi − VT
1 w
Drain current ID = µ n cos ( VGS − VT )
2
2 L
VDD − Vo 1
= × 100 × 10−6 × 2 ( VGS − 0.5 )
2
10K 2
2 − ( Vi − 0.5 )
= 100 × 10−6 ( Vi − 0.5 )
2
10 K
⇒ Vi = 1.5V
40. If WL is the Word Line and BL the Bit Line, an SRAM cell is shown in
WL
WL
VDD
VDD BL
BL BL
BL
(A) ( B)
22
WL WL
VDD VDD
BL BL BL
BL
( C) ( D)
Answer: B
Exp: For an SRAM construction four MOSFETs are required (2-PMOS and 2-NMOS) with
interchanged outputs connected to each CMOS inverter. So option (B) is correct.
41. In the circuit shown, W and Y are MSBs of the control inputs. The output F is given by
4 :1 MUX 4 :1 MUX
I0 I0
I1 I1 F
VCC Q
Q I2
I2
I3 I3
W X Y Z
(A) F = W X + WX + Y Z ( B) F = W X + WX + YZ
( C) F = W XY + WXY ( D) (
F = W + X YZ )
Answer: C
Exp: I0 I0
I1 4 :1 I1 4 :1
Vcc MUX Q MUX Q F
I2 I2
I3 I3
W X Y Z
The output of the first MUX = W × Vcc + WX.Vcc

WX + WX (∵ Vcc = log ic1)
=W ⊕ X
Let Q = W ⊕ X
23
The output of the second MUX = Q.Y Z + Q. Y Z

= Q.Y ( Z + Z )
= Q.Y.1 = Q.Y
Put the value of Q in above expression
= ( WX + WX ) .Y
= W X.Y + WX.Y
42. If X and Y are inputs and the Difference (D = X – Y) and the Borrow (B) are the outputs,
which
one of the following diagrams implements a half-subtractor?
Y I0 X I0
2 :1 2 :1
MUX D MUX D
I1
( A) I1
( B)
S S
X Y
S S
Y I0 X I0
2 :1 2 :1
MUX B MUX B
I1 I1
Y I0 X I0
2 :1 2 :1
MUX B MUX B
( C) I1
( B)
I1
S S
X Y
S S
Y I0 X I0
2 :1 2 :1
MUX D MUX D
I1 I1
Answer: A
Exp:
X Y D B
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
So, D = X ⊕ Y = XY + XY and B = X.Y
24
Y I0
2 :1
D = X. Y + XY
MUX
=X ⊕ Y
I1
Y I0
2 :1
B = X. Y + X.0
MUX
= X.Y + 0
I1
= X .Y
Let H1 ( z ) = (1 − pz −1 ) , H 2 ( z ) = (1 − qz −1 ) , H ( z ) = H1 ( z ) + r H 2 ( z ) . The quantities p, q, r

−1 −1
43.
1 1
are real numbers. Consider p = ,q = , r < 1. If the zero of H(z) lies on the unit circle, then
2 4
r = ________
Answer: -0.5
H1 ( z ) = (1 − Pz −1 )
−1
Exp:
H 2 ( z ) = (1 − qz −1 )
−1
1 1 1 − qz −1 + r (1 − Pz −1 ) (1 + r ) − ( q + rp ) z −1
H (z) = +r = =
1 − Pz −1 (1 − qz −1 ) (1 − Pz −1 )(1 − Pz −1 ) (1 − Pz −1 )(1 − Pz −1 )
q + rp
zero of H ( z ) =
1+ r
Since zero is existing on unit circle
q + rp q + rp
⇒ = 1 or = −1
1+ r 1+ r
1 r 1 r
− + − +
4 2 = 1 or 4 2 = −1
1+ r 1+ r
1 r 1 r
− + =1+ r or − + = −1 − r
4 2 4 2
5 r 5 3 −3r
⇒r=− ⇒ =− or = r = − 1 ⇒ r = −0.5
2 2 4 4 2 2
5
r=− is not possible
2
25
1
44. Let h(t) denote the impulse response of a causal system with transfer function . Consider
s +1
the following three statements.
S1: The system is stable.
h ( t + 1)
S2: is independent of t for t 0.
h ( t)
S3: A non-causal system with the same transfer function is stable.
For the above system,
(A) Only S1 and S2 are true (B) only S2 and S3 are true
(C) Only S1 and S3 are true (D) S1, S2 and S3 are true
Answer: A
1
Exp: h ( t ) ↔ H (s) = ⇒ h ( t ) = e− t u ( t )
s +1
S1 : System is stable (TRUE)
Because h(t) absolutely integrable
h ( t + 1)
S2 : is independent of time (TRUE)
h (t)
− ( t +1)
e
⇒ e −1 (independent of time)
e− t
S3 : A non-causal system with same transfer function is stable
1
↔ −e − t u ( − t ) (a non-causal system) but this is not absolutely integrable thus
s +1
unstable.
Only S1 and S2 are TRUE
1
45. The z-transform of the sequence x[n] is given by X ( z ) = , , with the region of
(1 − 2z )
−1 2
convergence z > 2. Then, x [ 2 ] is ______.

Answer: 12
Exp(1):
1 1 1
X ( z) = =
(1 − 2z ) −1 2
(1 − 2z ) (1 − 2z−1 )
−1
x [ n ] = 2n u [ n ] * 2n u [ n ]
n
x [ n ] = ∑ 2K.2(
n −k )
k =0
2
⇒ x [ 2] = ∑ 2k.2(
2− k )
= 20.22 + 21.21 + 22.20 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
k =0
26
Exp(2):
1 Z2
X (z) = =
(1 − 2Z ) ( Z − 2)
−1 2 2
 
 
−1  Z Z 
X(n) = Z .
Z−2 Z − 2
 ↓ ↓ 
 u ( z ) 
v( z ) 
= ∑ u m .Vn − m ( u sin g conduction theorem and u n = 2n ; v n = 2n )

n
m =0
n
= ∑ 2m.2n − m = 2n ( n + 1)
m =0
∴ x ( 2 ) = 12
46. The steady state error of the system shown in the figure for a unit step input is _______.
R ( s) + E ( s) 1 C ( s)
K=4
r (t) − e (t) s+2 C(t)
2
s+4
Answer: 0.5
4 2
Exp: Given G ( s ) = ;H ( s ) =
s+2 s+4
For unit step input,
k p = lim G ( s ) H ( s )
s→0
 4  2 
k p = lim   
s→0 s + 2
  s + 4 
kp = 1
A
Steady state error ess =
1 + kp
1
ess =
1+1
1
ess = ⇒ 0.50
2
27
47. The state equation of a second-order linear system is given by

x ( t ) = Ax ( t ) , x ( 0) = x 0
1  e− t  0  e − t − e −2 t 
For x 0 =   , x ( t ) =  − t  and for x 0 =   , x ( t ) =  − t −2 t 
 −1   −e  1   − e + 2e 
3
when x 0 =   , x ( t ) is
5
 −8e − t + 11e −2 t   11e − t − 8e −2t 
( A)  −t −2 t 
( B)  −t −2t 
 8e − 22e   −11e + 16e 
 3e − t − 5e −2t   5e − t − 3e −2 t 
(C)  −t −2t 
( D)  −t −2 t 
 −3e + 10e   −5e + 6e 
Answer: B
Exp: Apply linearity principle,
3   1 0
5 = a  −1 + b 1  s
     
a =3; b =8
 e− t  e − t − e −2 t 
⇒ x ( t ) = 3  −t  +  −t −2t 
 −e   −e + 2e 
 11e− t − 8e−2t 
⇒ x(t) =  −t −2 t 
 −11e + 16e 
48. In the root locus plot shown in the figure, the pole/zero marks and the arrows have been
removed. Which one of the following transfer functions has this root locus?
jω
1 σ
s +1 s+4
( A) ( B)
( s + 2 )( s + 4)( s + 7 ) ( s + 1)( s + 2)( s + 7)
s+7 ( s + 1)( s + 2)
( C) ( D)
( s + 1)( s + 2)( s + 4) ( s + 7)( s + 4)
28
Answer: B
Exp:: For transfer function

(s + 4)
( s + 1)( s + 2 )( s + 3)
From pole zero plot
jω
σ
−7 −4 −2 −1
49. Let X(t) be a wide sense stationary (WSS) random process with power spectral density SX(f).
If Y(t) is the process defined as Y ( t ) = X ( 2t − 1) , the power spectral density SY(f) is
1 f  1 f 
(A) SY ( f ) = SX   e− jπf ( B) SY ( f ) = SX   e − jπf / 2
2 2 2 2
1 f  1 f 
(C) SY ( f ) = SX   ( D) SY ( f ) = SX   e − j2 πf
2 2 2 2
Answer: C
Exp: Shifting in time domain does not change PSD. Since PSD is Fourier transform of
autocorrelation function of WSS process, autocorrelation function depends on time
difference.
X ( t ) ↔ R x ( z ) ↔ Sx ( f )
1 f 
Y ( t ) = X ( 2t − 1) ↔ R y ( 2ζ ) ↔ Sx  
2 2
[time scaling property of Fourier transform]
50. A real band-limited random process X(t) has two-sided power spectral density
Sx (f ) = { 10 − 6 ( 3000 − f
0
) W atts / H z for f ≤ 3 kH z
otherw ise
Where f is the frequency expressed in Hz. The signal X(t)modulates a carrier cos16000 πt
and the resultant signal is passed through an ideal band-pass filter of unity gain with centre
frequency of 8 kHz and band-width of 2 kHz. The output power (in Watts) is _______.
Answer: 2.5
Exp:
Sx ( f ) 3 × 10−3 watts
Sx ( f )
−3 +3 f (in KHz )
29
After modulation with cos (16000πt )

1
Sy ( f ) =Sx ( f − f c ) + Sx ( f + f c ) 
4
This is obtain the power spectral density Random process y(t), we shift the given power
spectral density random process x(t) to the right by fc shift it to be the left by fc and the two
shifted power spectral and divide by 4.
1.5 × 10 −3 / 2
−11 −8 −5 5 8 11 f (in KHz )
After band pass filter of center frequency 8 KHz and BW of 2 kHz
1.5 × 10 −3 / 2
−9 − 8 − 7 7 8 9
Total output power is area of shaded region

= 2 [ Area of one side portion ]
= 2 [ Area of triangle + Area of rec tan gle ]
 1 
2  − × 2 × 103 × 0.5 × 10−3 + 2 × 103 × 1 × 10−3 
=  
2
2
= [ 0.5 + 2] = 2.5 watts
51. In a PCM system, the signal m ( t ) = { sin (100πt ) + cos (100πt )} V is sampled at the Nyquist
rate. The samples are processed by a uniform quantizer with step size 0.75 V. The minimum
data rate of the PCM system in bits per second is _____.
Answer: 200
Exp: Nyquist rate = 2 × 50 Hz
= 100 samples / sec
∆=
m ( t ) max − m ( t ) min
⇒L=
(
2− − 2 )
L 0.75
2 2
L= = 3.77 = 4
0.75
No. of bits required to encode ‘4’ levels = 2 bits/level
Thus data rate = 2 × 100 = 200 bits / sec
30
52. A binary random variable X takes the value of 1 with probability 1/3. X is input to a cascade
of 2 independent identical binary symmetric channels (BSCs) each with crossover probability
1/2. The outputs of BSCs are the random variables Y1 and Y2 as shown in the figure.
X Y1 Y2
BSC BSC
The value of H(Y1) + H(Y2) in bits is___________.

Answer: 2
1 2
Exp: Let P {x = 2} = , P {x = 0} =
3 3
to find H ( Y1 ) we need to know P { y1 = 0} and P { y 2 = 1}
P {Y1 = 0} = P {Y1 = 0 / x1 = 0} P {x1 = 0} + P { y1 = 0 / x1 = 1} P {x1 = 1}
1 1 1 2 1
= . + × =
2 3 2 3 2
1
P { y1 = 1} =
2
1 1
⇒ H ( y1 ) = log 2 2 + log 2 2 = 1
2 2
Similarly
1 1
P {y 2 = 0} = and P { y 2 = 1} =
2 2
⇒ H {y 2 } = 1
⇒ H {y1} + H {y 2 } = 2 bits
53. Given the vector A = ( cos x )( sin y ) aˆ x + ( sin x )( cos y ) aˆ y , where â x , â y denote unit vectors
along x,y directions, respectively. The magnitude of curl of A is ________
Answer: 0
Exp (1):
aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z
∂ ∂ ∂
Curl A =
∂x ∂y ∂z
cos x sin y sin x cos y 0

=0

∴ Curl A = 0
31
Exp(2):
Given A = cos x sin yaˆ x + sin x cos y aˆ y
ax ay az
∇×A = ∂ / ∂x ∂ / ∂y ∂ / ∂z
cos x sin y sin x cos y 0
= a x ( 0 ) − a y ( 0 ) + a z ( cos x cos y − cos x cos y ) = 0
∴ ∇×A = 0
54. A region shown below contains a perfect conducting half-space and air. The surface current

K s on the surface of the perfect conductor is K s = x2
ˆ amperes per meter. The tangential H
field in the air just above the perfect conductor is
y

KS Air
x
Perfect conductor
(A) ( xˆ + zˆ ) 2 amperes per meter (B) x̂2 amperes per meter

(C) − ẑ2 amperes per meter (D) ẑ2 amperes per meter
Answer: D
Exp: Given medium (1) is perfect conductor
Medium (2) is air
∴ H1 = 0
From boundary conditions
( H1 − H 2 ) × a n = K S
H1 = 0
K S = 2aˆ x
an = ay
− H 2 × a y = 2aˆ x
− ( H x a x + H y a y + H z a z ) × a y = 2a x
− H x a z + H z a x = 2a x
∴ Hz = 2
H = 2a z
32
( )

55. Assume that a plane wave in air with an electric field E = 10cos ωt − 3x − 3z aˆ y V/m is
incident on a non-magnetic dielectric slab of relative permittivity 3 which covers the region.
Z > 0 The angle of transmission in the dielectric slab is _________________ degrees.
Answer: 30
Exp: (
Given E = 10cos ωt − 3x − 3z a y )
(
− Jβ x cos θx + y cos θ y + z cos θz )
E = E 0e
So, β x = β cos θx = 3
β y = β cos θ y = 0
βz = β cos θz = 3
β x + β y 2 + βz 2 = β2
2
9 + 3 = β2 ⇒ β = 13
3
β cos θz = 3 ⇒ cos θz = ⇒ θz = 61.28 = θi
13
sin θi E2 sin 61.28 3 0.8769
= ⇒ = ⇒ = sin θt
sin θt E1 sin θt 1 3
θt = 30.4 ⇒ θt 30o
33

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Q. No. 1 – 5 Carry One Mark Each

4. The next term in the series 81, 54, 36, 24 … is ________

Q. No. 6 – 10 Carry Two Marks Each

(i) Butterflies are birds

Q.No. 1 – 25 Carry One Mark Each

3. Match the application to appropriate numerical method.

6. A series RC circuit is connected to a DC voltage source at time t = 0. The relation between

8. In MOSFET fabrication, the channel length is defined during the process of

11. The desirable characteristics of a transconductance amplifier are

15. The circuit shown in the figure is a

(A) Toggle Flip Flop (B) JK Flip Flop

Which one of the following Boolean functions is realized by the circuit?

Output of first MUX = ws1 + ws1 = w ⊕ s1

Spectrum of sampled version of x(t)

After LPF, signal will contain 5 and 15Hz component only

18. For an all-pass system H (z) =

−5k +5k f (Hz)

15k 25k f (Hz)

20. Consider the following block diagram in the figure.

22. The phase response of a passband waveform at the receiver is given by

Q. No. 26 – 55 Carry Two Marks Each

Now f ( 0 ) = −3 ; f ( 3) = 6 and f (1) = 2 ; f ( 2 ) = 1

Hence, f(x) is maximum at x = 3 and the maximum value is 6

(B) is not true

Hence the average number of tosses is 1+2 = 3.

Two such blocks are connected in cascade, as shown in the figure.

S2 .100 × 100 × 10−6 × 10−6 × 10 × 10 × 103 × 103

(A) 22 + j 2 V (B) 2 + j 22 V (C) 22 – j 2 V (D) 2 – j 22 V

KVL for V1 & V2 :

KCL at super node:

Exp: Norton’s equivalent impedance

Equating imaginary term to zero i.e., ω3 − 4ω = 0

(A) For RC = 1 kΩ, the BJT operates in the saturation region

The output of the first MUX = W × Vcc + WX.Vcc

The output of the second MUX = Q.Y Z + Q. Y Z

So, D = X ⊕ Y = XY + XY and B = X.Y

Let H1 ( z ) = (1 − pz −1 ) , H 2 ( z ) = (1 − qz −1 ) , H ( z ) = H1 ( z ) + r H 2 ( z ) . The quantities p, q, r

convergence z > 2. Then, x [ 2 ] is ______.

= ∑ u m .Vn − m ( u sin g conduction theorem and u n = 2n ; v n = 2n )

47. The state equation of a second-order linear system is given by

Exp:: For transfer function

After modulation with cos (16000πt )

−11 −8 −5 5 8 11 f (in KHz )

After band pass filter of center frequency 8 KHz and BW of 2 kHz

Total output power is area of shaded region

The value of H(Y1) + H(Y2) in bits is___________.

P {Y1 = 0} = P {Y1 = 0 / x1 = 0} P {x1 = 0} + P { y1 = 0 / x1 = 1} P {x1 = 1}

(A) ( xˆ + zˆ ) 2 amperes per meter (B) x̂2 amperes per meter

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