Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2018-01-close-up-uncommon-underwater-eruption.html#jCp
Pillow lava formed by a submarine volcano Images of pillow lava flows both near and far from Hades vent at West Mata volcano during the 2009 eruption, illustrating how such flows lengthen, expand, and flow. Unpublished enhanced ROV JasonVideo frame grabs courtesy of Ken Rubin. ROV Jason gets a close view of magma explosions and lava flows on West Mata volcano. Lava pillar with shrimp (middle left) and broken plates of lobate/sheet lava in the floor of the axial summit collapse trough of the East Pacific Rise near 9 degrees 50.1'N, 2524 m depth. Contact between ropy/sheeted lava flow (foreground) and lobate flow surface in background on the crest of the East Pacific Rise near 9 degrees 50.3'N, 2518m depth. Lava cylinders with breadcrust texture on the East Pacific Rise crest near 9 degrees 49'N, 2564m depth. Lobate lava on the East Pacific Rise crest near 9 degrees 51'N, 2522m depth Breadcrust pillow and tube shaped lava on the East Pacific Rise crest near 9 degrees 50'N, 2600m depth Collapse margin of the axial summit collapse trough of the East Pacific Rise near 9 degrees 50'N, showing layering in the wall, crust thickness is ~7 cm, depth 2510m. Lava "spires" on lip of fissure, southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Alvin handheld photo taken by Bob Embley. Skylight in lobate lavas, summit caldera of Axial Volcano. "Smoke" being emitted from below is hydrothermal fluid. White fringe around cavity are specially adapted tubeworms that utilize hydrogen sulfide in the rising fluid. NOAA towed camera system. Photo and caption courtesy of Bob Embley and Bill Chadwick. Smoke pours from top of a chimney at the Mata Fitu submarine volcano, at a depth of 2,600 meters. NOAA scientists studied this and other underwater volcanoes as part of the Submarine Ring of Fire 2012: Northeast Lau Basin expedition. Distribution of hydrothermal vents. This map was created by making use of the InterRidge ver.3.3 database. Deep-sea vent biogeochemical cycle diagram White smokers emitting liquid rich in barium, calcium, silicon and carbon dioxide at the Champagne vent, Northwest Eifuku volcano, Marianas Trench Marine National Monument White flocculent mats in and around the extremely gassy, high- temperature (>100°C, 212°F) white smokers at Champagne Vent. A black smoker or deep sea vent is a type of hydrothermal vent found on the seabed, typically in the bathyal zone (with largest frequency in depths from 2500 m to 3000 m), but also in lesser depths as well as deeper in abyssal zone.[1] They appear as black, chimney-like structures that emit a cloud of black material. Black smokers typically emit particles with high levels of sulfur-bearing minerals, or sulfides. Black smokers are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor (water may attain temperatures above 400 °C).[1] This water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides. When it comes in contact with cold ocean water, many minerals precipitate, forming a black, chimney-like structure around each vent. The deposited metal sulfides can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. See You….Soon