API 510 – 6th DAY TIPS

Usually

Up to 1.5 inch dia – DWDI- Superimposing exposure

2” to 3 .5 inch Dia : DWDI – Elliptical exposure

4 “ to 20 “ dia : DWSI

Above 20 inch dia SWSI

Plate- SWSI

Hole Type Peni

a) Go – No Go Check
b) Can give you idea about unsharpness also
c) Easy to carry
d) I t has to be placed parallel to the weld near the weld

Wire type peni

a) Can calculate the sensitivity

b) Placed across the weld

Usually Peni is placed in the area of interest or the section thk

change

Thk of the part is 15 mm, Backing ring 5mm . DWDI , Actual

reinforcement 7mm, It is cat B weld. What is the thk the peni has
to be Calculated( 15 +5=20mm)
Optical Density: Darkening of the film
OD= Log (Ii/It)
Suppose Ii= 1000 lus and It = 10 lux
OD = Log ( 1000/10)= Log (100)= 2 log 1010=2 x1 =2

1st condition
For Xray OD range Shall Be = 1.8 to 4
For Gamma Ray OD range shall be = 2 to 4

2nd condition:
OD at any point shall not vary from OD at area of interest ( say
near Peni) By more than + 30 % or -15 %

I have Ir 192 film having OD at one place 2 and at another place

4. OD near peni is 2.5. Is the film ok?
Area at Peni is 2.5
-15 % 2.5= 0.85 x 2.5= Lower Limit of film acceptance is 2.125
+ 30 % 2.5= 1.30 x 2.5= 3.25. Upper limit of film acceptance is 3.25
Films is neither acceptable at lower end nor acceptable at
higher end . So film is reshot
You have film 12 inch length. Location marker are placed 0.25 inch
from the end of film and are very clearly visible. Peni is OK .Ug is
OK. OD is Ok. Can you accept the film ( Given Thk is 2 inch, SFD is
12inch)
Area Of Coverage X = t/d ( Fm/2), Distance between the markers
on the film

Here t= 2,d=12 , Fm= 11.5

Fm=11.5
So X= (2/12) x 11.5/2=23/24=0.98 inch
But you have given onlyo.25 inch. So coverage is insufficient
So reject film

Find Ug for2 icnh dia 10 mm thk Exposure with SFD 14 inch and
source size 5mm
Ug=( f x d)/D, here f= 5mm, D = SOD=(SFD –OFD)=14 inch -2
inch=12 inch
d= neither 10 mm nor 20 mm. d=2 inch
Ug= 5 x 2/12= 5/6 mm= 0.833 mm .But max allowed is 0.5 mm.
So Ug not ok. So reject film.
NOT FOR EXAM
1) Find Exposure tim for Ir 192 Film For Steel Object thk 40
mm., 40inch SFD, Medium speed film? Source activity 10 Ci

EX time = (Tf/ci xD2 )

Tf= t x 1 sec ( for thk up to 20mm)
Tf= 20 + ( thk-20) x 2 for thk above 20 mm

Problem: Find Ex time for 20 mm thk steel plate and 20

inch SFD for 10 Ci Ir 192
Solution:
Extime=( 20/10) x 202 = 2 x 400= 800

Problem Find Etime for 10 ci , thk 30 mm steel for 20 inch sfd

Tf= 20 + ( 30-20) x 2=20 + ( 10 x2)=40
Solution: Extime= 40 /10 x202= 1600

If Tem s more you have toreduce ex time or processing.

Otherwise film will be very dark
For Cold climate If Temp is less than 15 deg , Film will be light
Film proper temp is 18 to 23 Deg C
2)You have IR 192 film with 40 mm object thk , 40 inch SFD. You
have used Plate peni of size 37.5 mm lenth. Image was 42 mm .
could you tell how many hours Radiographer slept in the site if
he took 3 exposures assuming it is 8 hour shift? Source is 10 ci
Find Theretical ex time = tf =60 sec, SS= 10 ci, SFD =40 in
Ex time= 60/10 x 402 = 6 x 1600 = 9600 sec =2hr 40 minutes
Peni image is 42. mm
Peni size is = 37.5 mm
So Magnification M= 42/37.5= 1.12

M= SFD/SOD= SOD + thk/SOD( Farmula)

=SOD/SOD+ Thk/Sod
=1 + tk /SOD
So SOD= Thk/M-1= 40/.12= 333 mm
So SFD= 333 + 40 373 mm=15 Inch
So Actual Ex tim (tf /10 )x 15 2
=60/10 x 225= 1500 sec only 25 minutues
#3exposure = 75 minutes, Setting time give 60 minutes
Eveif n it is 135 minutes only 2 hours So remaining 6 hours he
has slept

New Ex time +
Real SFD he has given is =
MT
Test ammeter has to be checked with the unit ammeter in
minimum 3 places
Tolerance Limit for the ammeter in the equipment is + or- 10 %

Sl no Test meter Reading ( amp) Unit meter reading(amp)

1 400 350 ( 360-440)

2 600 550 (540 to 660)

3 800 750 ( 720-880)

Is unit Ammeter has to be changed ?

Ampere require for coil magnetization , I= 1/N { 45000/(L/D)}

L is the lenth of the part , D is the dia of the part
Longitudinal magnetization is produced by the Coil, Solenoid,
Yoked
Circular mag is produced by the Head shot method, Prods, and
Central Conductor
Long mag fiend can find transverse crack well
Circular mag can find Long cracks well

Code : Concentration of Wet particle concentration shall be

between 1.2ml/L to 2.4 ml/L

Now which of the following concentration is ok?

a) 1.2 ml/L
b)2.4 ml/L
c) 1.8ml/L
d) all of the above
e) None of the above

From 1.2 upto 2.4: 2.4 is not included

From 1.2 to Upto and Inclusive 2.4. 2.4 is included
Between 1.2 and 2.4 . Neither 1.2 nor 2.4 is included
Little means nothing
A little means small
Besides means in additon to

Correction Factor For temp I % For every 100 Deg F

Q1) Ultra-sonic THk measurement of the pipe wall at 670 Deg F
was 50 mm while the ambient temp was 70 Deg F. What is the
actual thk of the pipe ?
∆T= 670-70= 600Deg F

So C.F= 6%
So Thk = 50-{6/100 x 50)= 50-3=47 mm

Q2) If Velocity in steel is 6 x 106 mm/sec and while measuring the

thk of the plate it takes 8 micro second for the sound to go to the
back of the plate and come back, what is the thk of plate?

Distance = Time X speed

Here Thk = distance, Speed = 6 x 10 6 mm/sec
Time 8/2= 4 Micro second
So thk = 6 x 106 x 4 x 10-6= 24 mm
I micro second= 10 -6 sec

If ∆T ( Temp Swing ) is more than 200 Deg F, Thermal fatigue will

occur
Fatigue, Brittle _ straight
SCC
Branched
Thermal Fatigue-Daggear Shaped
MIC ( C.S) Cups within cups
MIC ( SS) Subsurface cavities
Cl –SCC- Spider web type
Mechanical Fatigue : Beach marks
Alkaline SCC_ Run parallel to the weld
Nh4 Bisulphide SCC- White Powder
Nitriding- Cold Prussian blue color

WFMT is the best to detect thermal fatigue

Con of Naoh is 40 % temp 220 deg F . What should be done?