Oracle Complete Lab Guide Step by Step

Spool Generated For Class of Oracle By Satish K Yellanki
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC Students

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDNO NUMBER(6)
FNAME VARCHAR2(30)
LNAME VARCHAR2(30)
DOB DATE
DOJ DATE
FEES NUMBER(7,2)
GENDER VARCHAR2(1)
INSERTBY VARCHAR2(10)
SQL> INSERT INTO Students

2 VALUES(
3 1234,
4 'SAMPATH',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-JAN-80',
7 '30-MAR-95',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11 );
1 row created.
SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 INSERT INTO Students

2 VALUES(
3 1235,
4 'SRINIVAS',
5 'SHARMA',
6 '29-MAR-80',
7 '15-APR-95',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 '1236',
4 'RAMANA',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-80',
7 '15-APR-95',
Document Generated By SkyEss Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
For Queries And Live Project Experience in Any Domain
Mail at: info@skyessmail.com (OR) rajesh.b@skyessmail.com
Mobile : 9030750090
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 '1237A',
4 'RAMANA',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-80',
7 '15-APR-95',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
'1237A',
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-01722: invalid number
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1237,
4 'RAMANA',
5 KUMAR,
6 '29-MAR-80',
7 '15-APR-95',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
KUMAR,
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00984: column not allowed here
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1237,
Mobile : 9030750090
4 'RAMANA',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-80',
7 '15-APR-95',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1237,
4 'RAMANA',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-80',
7 '15-APR-95',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1238,
4 'RAJA',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MARCH-80',
7 '15-APRIL-95',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1239,
4 'RAMA',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MARCH-1980',
7 '15-APRIL-2010',
8 25000,
9 'M',
Mobile : 9030750090
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
4 'RAVI',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29MARCH1980',
7 '15APRIL2010',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
4 'RAVI',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-03-1980',
7 '15-04-2010',
8 25000,
9 'M',
10 'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
'29-03-1980',
*
ERROR at line 6:
ORA-01843: not a valid month
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
4 'RAVI'
5 'KUMAR',
6 29-MAR-1980',
Mobile : 9030750090
7 '15-APR-2010',
8 25000,
9 'MALE',
10 'SATISH',
11* )
SQL> /
ERROR:
ORA-01756: quoted string not properly terminated
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
4 'RAVI'
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-1980',
7 '15-APR-2010',
8 25000,
9 'MALE',
10 'SATISH',
11* )
SQL> /
'KUMAR',
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00917: missing comma
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
4 'RAVI'
5 'KUMAR',
6 29-MAR-1980',
7 '15-APR-2010',
8 25000,
9 'MALE',
10 'SATISH',
11* )
SQL> /
ERROR:
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
Mobile : 9030750090
4 'RAVI'
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-1980',
7 '15-APR-2010',
8 25000,
9 'MALE',
10 'SATISH',
11* )
SQL> /
'KUMAR',
*
ERROR at line 5:
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
4 'RAVI',
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-1980',
7 '15-APR-2010',
8 25000,
9 'MALE',
10 'SATISH',
11* )
SQL> /
)
*
ERROR at line 11:
ORA-00936: missing expression
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240,
4 'RAVI'
5 'KUMAR',
6 '29-MAR-1980',
7 '15-APR-2010',
8 25000,
9 'MALE',
10 'SATISH',
11* )
SQL> /
'KUMAR',
*
ERROR at line 5:

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240
4 ,'RAVI'
5 'KUMAR'
6 ,'29-MAR-1980'
7 ,'15-APR-2010'
8 ,25000
9 ,'MALE'
10 ,'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
'KUMAR'
*
ERROR at line 5:
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240
4 ,'RAVI'
5 ,'KUMAR'
6 ,'29-MAR-1980'
7 ,'15-APR-2010'
8 ,25000
9 ,'MALE'
10 ,'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
,'MALE'
*
ERROR at line 9:
ORA-12899: value too large for column "SCOTT"."STUDENTS"."GENDER" (actual: 4,
maximum: 1)
SQL> ED

2 VALUES(
3 1240
4 ,'RAVI'
5 ,'KUMAR'
6 ,'29-MAR-1980'
7 ,'15-APR-2010'
8 ,25000
9 ,'M'
Mobile : 9030750090
10 ,'SATISH'
11* )
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 Students
3 (StudNo, Fname, Lname, DOJ, Gender)
4 VALUES
5 (1235, 'Raj', 'Kumar', '20-Feb-85', 'M');
1 row created.
SQL> ED
1 INSERT INTO
2 Students
4 VALUES
5* (1235, 'Raj', 'Kumar', 'M')
SQL> /
VALUES
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00947: not enough values
SQL> ED
1 INSERT INTO
2 Students
4 VALUES
5* (1235, 'Raj', 'Kumar', '10-AUG-09', 'M', 'SATISH')
SQL> /
Students
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00913: too many values
SQL> ED
1 INSERT INTO
2 Students(StudNo, Fname, Lname, DOB, DOJ, Fees, Gender)
3* VALUES(1234, 'Krishna', NULL, NULL, '28-FEB-04', NULL, 'M')
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM Students;

Mobile : 9030750090
STUDNO FNAME LNAME

---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
DOB DOJ FEES G INSERTBY
--------- --------- ---------- - ----------
1234 SAMPATH KUMAR
29-JAN-80 30-MAR-95 25000 M SATISH
1235 SRINIVAS SHARMA

29-MAR-80 15-APR-95 25000 M SATISH
1236 RAMANA KUMAR

29-MAR-80 15-APR-95 25000 M SATISH
STUDNO FNAME LNAME

---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
--------- --------- ---------- - ----------
1237 RAMANA KUMAR
29-MAR-80 15-APR-95 25000 M SATISH
1238 RAJA KUMAR

29-MAR-80 15-APR-95 25000 M SATISH
1239 RAMA KUMAR

29-MAR-80 15-APR-10 25000 M SATISH
STUDNO FNAME LNAME

---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
--------- --------- ---------- - ----------
1240 RAVI KUMAR
29-MAR-80 15-APR-10 25000 M SATISH
1240 RAVI KUMAR

29-MAR-80 15-APR-10 25000 M SATISH
1235 Raj Kumar

20-FEB-85 M
STUDNO FNAME LNAME

---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
--------- --------- ---------- - ----------
1234 Krishna
28-FEB-04 M
10 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC Students

Mobile : 9030750090
Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDNO NUMBER(6)
FNAME VARCHAR2(30)
LNAME VARCHAR2(30)
DOB DATE
DOJ DATE
FEES NUMBER(7,2)
GENDER VARCHAR2(1)
INSERTBY VARCHAR2(10)
SQL> SELECT * FROm Students;
STUDNO FNAME LNAME DOB DOJ FEES G INSERTBY

------ ------------ ------------ --------- --------- ------ - ----------
1234 SAMPATH KUMAR 29-JAN-80 30-MAR-95 25000 M SATISH
1235 Raj Kumar 20-FEB-85 M
1234 Krishna 28-FEB-04 M
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 Students(StudNo, Fname, DOJ, Fees, Gender, InsertBy)
3 VALUES(1234, 'Mohan', SYSDATE, 25000, 'M', USER);
1 row created.

------ ------------ ------------ --------- --------- ------ - ----------
1234 Mohan 29-JUL-10 25000 M SCOTT
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 Students(StudNo, Fname, DOJ, Fees, Gender, InsertBy)
3 VALUES(1234, 'Mohan', SYSDATE, 25000, 'M', USER);
1 row created.
SQL> /
1 row created.

2 (StudNo, Fname, LName, Dob, Fees)
3 VALUES(
4 &StudNo,
5 '&Name',
6 &LastName,
7 '&DOB',
8 25000
9 ) ;
Enter value for studno: 1235
old 4: &StudNo,
new 4: 1235,
Mobile : 9030750090
Enter value for name: RAVI

old 5: '&Name',
new 5: 'RAVI',
Enter value for lastname: 'KUMAR'
old 6: &LastName,
new 6: 'KUMAR',
Enter value for dob: 16-APR-80
old 7: '&DOB',
new 7: '16-APR-80',
1 row created.
SQL> /
old 4: &StudNo,
new 4: 1236,
Enter value for name: RAMANA
old 5: '&Name',
new 5: 'RAMANA',
Enter value for lastname: NULL
old 6: &LastName,
new 6: NULL,
Enter value for dob: 21-MAR-86
old 7: '&DOB',
new 7: '21-MAR-86',
1 row created.

------ ------------ ------------ --------- --------- ------ - ----------
1235 RAVI KUMAR 16-APR-80 25000
1236 RAMANA 21-MAR-86 25000
8 rows selected.
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

2 (StudNo, Fname, LName, Dob, Fees)
3 VALUES(
4 &StudNo,
5 '&Name',
6 &LastName,
7 '&DOB',
8 25000
9 ) ;
Enter value for name: SAMPATH
Mobile : 9030750090
Enter value for dob: 12-MAY-88
1 row created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 Students(StudNo, Fname, Lname, Dob, Doj, Fees, Gender)
3 Values(
4 &StudNo,
5 '&FirstName',
6 '&LastName',
7 '&DOB',
8 SYSDATE,
9 &&Fees,
10 '&Gender'
11 );
Enter value for firstname: SRINIVAS
Enter value for lastname: SHARMA
Enter value for dob: 21-MAY-88
Enter value for fees: 20000
Enter value for gender: M
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for firstname: SRAVAN
Enter value for dob: 23-NOV-88
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for firstname: RAVI
Enter value for lastname: KUMAR
Enter value for dob: 24-DEC-86
1 row created.
SQL> UNDEFINE Fees

SQL> /
Enter value for firstname: RAMANA
Enter value for lastname: KUMAR
Enter value for dob: 22-SEP-88
Enter value for fees: 15000
1 row created.
SQL> /
Mobile : 9030750090

Enter value for firstname: SRAVAN
Enter value for dob: 30-MAR-88
1 row created.
SQL> DEFINE Fees = 10000

SQL> /
Enter value for firstname: SRINIVAS
Enter value for lastname: SHARMA
Enter value for dob: 20-DEC-85
1 row created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 INSERT INTO
2 Students(StudNo, Fname, Lname, Dob, Doj, Fees, Gender)
3 Values(
4 &StudNo,
5 '&FirstName',
6 '&LastName',
7 '&DOB',
8 SYSDATE,
9 &&Fees,
10 '&Gender'
11* )
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC Dept

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> SELECT * FROM Dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> DESC SalGrade

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
GRADE NUMBER
LOSAL NUMBER
HISAL NUMBER
SQL> SELECT * FROM SalGrade;
GRADE LOSAL HISAL

---------- ---------- ----------
1 700 1200
2 1201 1400
3 1401 2000
4 2001 3000
5 3001 9999
SQL> DESC Emp

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> SELECT * FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000
10

Mobile : 9030750090
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850

30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450

10

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400

30
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300

30

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0
30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950

30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500

30

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800

20
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000

20

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100
20

Mobile : 9030750090
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300

10
14 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN Empno FORMAT 9999

SQL> COLUMN Deptno FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN MGR FORMAT 9999
SQL> COLUMN Sal FORMAT 9999
SQL> COLUMN Comm FORMAT 9999
SQL> COLUMN Ename FORMAT A7
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

----- ------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

----- ------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Mobile : 9030750090

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> SELECT Dname, Loc

2 FROM Dept;
DNAME LOC
-------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> SELECT Loc, Dename

2 FROm Dept;
SELECT Loc, Dename
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "DENAME": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Loc, Dname

2* FROM Dept
SQL> /
LOC DNAME
------------- --------------
NEW YORK ACCOUNTING
DALLAS RESEARCH
CHICAGO SALES
BOSTON OPERATIONS
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Loc

2 FROM Dept;
DEPTNO LOC
------ -------------
10 NEW YORK
20 DALLAS
30 CHICAGO
Mobile : 9030750090
40 BOSTON
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Job

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB

----- ------- ---------
7839 KING PRESIDENT
7698 BLAKE MANAGER
7782 CLARK MANAGER
7566 JONES MANAGER
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7844 TURNER SALESMAN
7900 JAMES CLERK
7521 WARD SALESMAN
7902 FORD ANALYST
7369 SMITH CLERK
EMPNO ENAME JOB

----- ------- ---------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST
7876 ADAMS CLERK
7934 MILLER CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, HireDate, Job

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL HIREDATE JOB

------- ----- --------- ---------
KING 5000 17-NOV-81 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 01-MAY-81 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 09-JUN-81 MANAGER
JONES 2975 02-APR-81 MANAGER
MARTIN 1250 28-SEP-81 SALESMAN
ALLEN 1600 20-FEB-81 SALESMAN
TURNER 1500 08-SEP-81 SALESMAN
JAMES 950 03-DEC-81 CLERK
WARD 1250 22-FEB-81 SALESMAN
FORD 3000 03-DEC-81 ANALYST
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80 CLERK

------- ----- --------- ---------
SCOTT 3000 09-DEC-82 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 12-JAN-83 CLERK
MILLER 1300 23-JAN-82 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename

2 FROm Emp;
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME
-------
KING
BLAKE
CLARK
JONES
MARTIN
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
FORD
SMITH
ENAME
-------
SCOTT
ADAMS
MILLER
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, MGR

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME MGR

----- ------- -----
7839 KING
7698 BLAKE 7839
7782 CLARK 7839
7566 JONES 7839
7654 MARTIN 7698
7499 ALLEN 7698
7844 TURNER 7698
7900 JAMES 7698
7521 WARD 7698
7902 FORD 7566
7369 SMITH 7902
EMPNO ENAME MGR

----- ------- -----
7788 SCOTT 7566
7876 ADAMS 7788
7934 MILLER 7782
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, MGR, Job

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME MGR JOB

----- ------- ----- ---------
7839 KING PRESIDENT
7698 BLAKE 7839 MANAGER
7782 CLARK 7839 MANAGER
Mobile : 9030750090
7566 JONES 7839 MANAGER

7654 MARTIN 7698 SALESMAN
7499 ALLEN 7698 SALESMAN
7844 TURNER 7698 SALESMAN
7900 JAMES 7698 CLERK
7521 WARD 7698 SALESMAN
7902 FORD 7566 ANALYST
7369 SMITH 7902 CLERK
EMPNO ENAME MGR JOB

----- ------- ----- ---------
7788 SCOTT 7566 ANALYST
7876 ADAMS 7788 CLERK
7934 MILLER 7782 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, Comm

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM

----- ------- ----- -----
7839 KING 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850
7782 CLARK 2450
7566 JONES 2975
7654 MARTIN 1250 1400
7499 ALLEN 1600 300
7844 TURNER 1500 0
7900 JAMES 950
7521 WARD 1250 500
7902 FORD 3000
7369 SMITH 800
EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM

----- ------- ----- -----
7788 SCOTT 3000
7876 ADAMS 1100
7934 MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Job, Sal, Comm

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL COMM

----- ------- --------- ----- -----
7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850
7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450
7566 JONES MANAGER 2975
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1400
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 300
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0
Mobile : 9030750090
7900 JAMES CLERK 950

7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 500
7902 FORD ANALYST 3000
7369 SMITH CLERK 800
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL COMM

----- ------- --------- ----- -----
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000
7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100
7934 MILLER CLERK 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Empno,
3 Ename,
4 Sal,
5 HireDate,
6 Job
7 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME SAL HIREDATE JOB

----- ------- ----- --------- ---------
7839 KING 5000 17-NOV-81 PRESIDENT
7698 BLAKE 2850 01-MAY-81 MANAGER
7782 CLARK 2450 09-JUN-81 MANAGER
7566 JONES 2975 02-APR-81 MANAGER
7654 MARTIN 1250 28-SEP-81 SALESMAN
7499 ALLEN 1600 20-FEB-81 SALESMAN
7844 TURNER 1500 08-SEP-81 SALESMAN
7900 JAMES 950 03-DEC-81 CLERK
7521 WARD 1250 22-FEB-81 SALESMAN
7902 FORD 3000 03-DEC-81 ANALYST
7369 SMITH 800 17-DEC-80 CLERK
EMPNO ENAME SAL HIREDATE JOB

----- ------- ----- --------- ---------
7788 SCOTT 3000 09-DEC-82 ANALYST
7876 ADAMS 1100 12-JAN-83 CLERK
7934 MILLER 1300 23-JAN-82 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Sal * 12

2 FROM Emp
3
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Sal * 12

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL SAL*12

Mobile : 9030750090
------- ------ ----- ----------

KING 10 5000 60000
BLAKE 30 2850 34200
CLARK 10 2450 29400
JONES 20 2975 35700
MARTIN 30 1250 15000
ALLEN 30 1600 19200
TURNER 30 1500 18000
JAMES 30 950 11400
WARD 30 1250 15000
FORD 20 3000 36000
SMITH 20 800 9600
ENAME DEPTNO SAL SAL*12

------- ------ ----- ----------
SCOTT 20 3000 36000
ADAMS 20 1100 13200
MILLER 10 1300 15600
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Sal + 1000

2 FROm Emp;
ENAME SAL SAL+1000

------- ----- ----------
KING 5000 6000
BLAKE 2850 3850
CLARK 2450 3450
JONES 2975 3975
MARTIN 1250 2250
ALLEN 1600 2600
TURNER 1500 2500
JAMES 950 1950
WARD 1250 2250
FORD 3000 4000
SMITH 800 1800
ENAME SAL SAL+1000

------- ----- ----------
SCOTT 3000 4000
ADAMS 1100 2100
MILLER 1300 2300
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, (Sal + 1000) * 12

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL (SAL+1000)*12

------- ----- -------------
KING 5000 72000
BLAKE 2850 46200
CLARK 2450 41400
Mobile : 9030750090
JONES 2975 47700

MARTIN 1250 27000
ALLEN 1600 31200
TURNER 1500 30000
JAMES 950 23400
WARD 1250 27000
FORD 3000 48000
SMITH 800 21600
ENAME SAL (SAL+1000)*12

------- ----- -------------
SCOTT 3000 48000
ADAMS 1100 25200
MILLER 1300 27600
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, (Sal + 1000) * 12

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME (SAL+1000)*12
------- -------------
KING 72000
BLAKE 46200
CLARK 41400
JONES 47700
MARTIN 27000
ALLEN 31200
TURNER 30000
JAMES 23400
WARD 27000
FORD 48000
SMITH 21600
ENAME (SAL+1000)*12
------- -------------
SCOTT 48000
ADAMS 25200
MILLER 27600
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Sal * 12,
5 (Sal + 1000) * 12,
6 ((Sal + 1000) * 12) - (Sal * 12)
7* FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
ENAME SAL SAL*12 (SAL+1000)*12 ((SAL+1000)*12)-(SAL*12)

------- ----- ---------- ------------- ------------------------
KING 5000 60000 72000 12000
BLAKE 2850 34200 46200 12000
CLARK 2450 29400 41400 12000
JONES 2975 35700 47700 12000
MARTIN 1250 15000 27000 12000
ALLEN 1600 19200 31200 12000
TURNER 1500 18000 30000 12000
JAMES 950 11400 23400 12000
WARD 1250 15000 27000 12000
FORD 3000 36000 48000 12000
SMITH 800 9600 21600 12000
ENAME SAL SAL*12 (SAL+1000)*12 ((SAL+1000)*12)-(SAL*12)

------- ----- ---------- ------------- ------------------------
SCOTT 3000 36000 48000 12000
ADAMS 1100 13200 25200 12000
MILLER 1300 15600 27600 12000
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Sal + 1000, Sal - 1000, Sal * 12, Sal * 6, Sal * 12 +
1000
2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL SAL+1000 SAL-1000 SAL*12 SAL*6 SAL*12+1000

------- ----- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
KING 5000 6000 4000 60000 30000 61000
BLAKE 2850 3850 1850 34200 17100 35200
CLARK 2450 3450 1450 29400 14700 30400
JONES 2975 3975 1975 35700 17850 36700
MARTIN 1250 2250 250 15000 7500 16000
ALLEN 1600 2600 600 19200 9600 20200
TURNER 1500 2500 500 18000 9000 19000
JAMES 950 1950 -50 11400 5700 12400
WARD 1250 2250 250 15000 7500 16000
FORD 3000 4000 2000 36000 18000 37000
SMITH 800 1800 -200 9600 4800 10600
ENAME SAL SAL+1000 SAL-1000 SAL*12 SAL*6 SAL*12+1000

------- ----- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
SCOTT 3000 4000 2000 36000 18000 37000
ADAMS 1100 2100 100 13200 6600 14200
MILLER 1300 2300 300 15600 7800 16600
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Comm

2 FROM Emp;
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME SAL COMM

------- ----- -----
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 300
TURNER 1500 0
JAMES 950
WARD 1250 500
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL COMM

------- ----- -----
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Comm, Sal + Comm

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM SAL+COMM

------- ----- ----- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950
WARD 1250 500 1750
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL COMM SAL+COMM

------- ----- ----- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Comm, Sal + NVL(Comm, 0)

2 FROM Emp;
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME SAL COMM SAL+NVL(COMM,0)

------- ----- ----- ---------------
KING 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950 950
WARD 1250 500 1750
FORD 3000 3000
SMITH 800 800
ENAME SAL COMM SAL+NVL(COMM,0)

------- ----- ----- ---------------
SCOTT 3000 3000
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, NVL(Comm, 500), Sal + NVL(Comm, 500)

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL NVL(COMM,500) SAL+NVL(COMM,500)

------- ----- ------------- -----------------
KING 5000 500 5500
BLAKE 2850 500 3350
CLARK 2450 500 2950
JONES 2975 500 3475
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950 500 1450
WARD 1250 500 1750
FORD 3000 500 3500
SMITH 800 500 1300
ENAME SAL NVL(COMM,500) SAL+NVL(COMM,500)

------- ----- ------------- -----------------
SCOTT 3000 500 3500
ADAMS 1100 500 1600
MILLER 1300 500 1800
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT 125 + 25 * 35

2 FROM DUAL;
Mobile : 9030750090
125+25*35
----------
1000
SQL> SELECT 125, 25, 125 + 25

2 FROM DUAL;
125 25 125+25
---------- ---------- ----------
125 25 150
SQL> DESC DUAL

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DUMMY VARCHAR2(1)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 ((&GVal1 + &GVal2) * &GVal3) / &GVal4
3 FROM DUAL;
Enter value for gval1: 12
((12+25)*30)/5
--------------
222
SQL> /
Enter value for gval2: NULL
((12+NULL)*30)/7
----------------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename Name,
3 Sal Salary,
4 Comm Commission
5 FROM Emp;
NAME SALARY COMMISSION

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400
Mobile : 9030750090
ALLEN 1600 300

TURNER 1500 0
JAMES 950
WARD 1250 500
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
NAME SALARY COMMISSION

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename Name,
3 Sal Salary,
4 Comm Commission,
5 Sal + NVL(Comm, 0)
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /
NAME SALARY COMMISSION SAL+NVL(COMM,0)

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
KING 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950 950
WARD 1250 500 1750
FORD 3000 3000
SMITH 800 800
NAME SALARY COMMISSION SAL+NVL(COMM,0)

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
SCOTT 3000 3000
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename Name,
3 Sal Salary,
4 Comm Commission,
5 Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) Gross
Mobile : 9030750090
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /
NAME SALARY COMMISSION GROSS

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950 950
WARD 1250 500 1750
FORD 3000 3000
SMITH 800 800
NAME SALARY COMMISSION GROSS

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 3000
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename Name,
3 Sal Salary,
4 Comm Commission,
5 Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) Gross Salary
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /
Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) Gross Salary
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename Name,
3 Sal Salary,
4 Comm Commission,
5 Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) "Gross Salary"
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /
NAME SALARY COMMISSION Gross Salary

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
KING 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 2850
Mobile : 9030750090
CLARK 2450 2450

JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950 950
WARD 1250 500 1750
FORD 3000 3000
SMITH 800 800

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
SCOTT 3000 3000
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename AS Name,
3 Sal AS Salary,
4 Comm AS Commission,
5 Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) AS "Gross Salary"
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
KING 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950 950
WARD 1250 500 1750
FORD 3000 3000
SMITH 800 800

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
SCOTT 3000 3000
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Empno Number,
Mobile : 9030750090
3 Ename Name,
4 Sal Salary,
5 Comm Commission,
7* FROM Emp
SQL> /
Empno Number,
*
ERROR at line 2:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Empno "Number",
3 Ename Name,
4 Sal Salary,
5 Comm Commission,
7* FROM Emp
SQL> /
Number NAME SALARY COMMISSION Gross Salary

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
7839 KING 5000 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850 2850
7782 CLARK 2450 2450
7566 JONES 2975 2975
7654 MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
7499 ALLEN 1600 300 1900
7844 TURNER 1500 0 1500
7900 JAMES 950 950
7521 WARD 1250 500 1750
7902 FORD 3000 3000
7369 SMITH 800 800
Number NAME SALARY COMMISSION Gross Salary

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
7788 SCOTT 3000 3000
7876 ADAMS 1100 1100
7934 MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename Name, Sal Salary, Comm Job, HireDate JoinDate
2 FROM Emp;
NAME SALARY JOB JOINDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 2850 01-MAY-81
CLARK 2450 09-JUN-81
Mobile : 9030750090
JONES 2975 02-APR-81

MARTIN 1250 1400 28-SEP-81
ALLEN 1600 300 20-FEB-81
TURNER 1500 0 08-SEP-81
JAMES 950 03-DEC-81
WARD 1250 500 22-FEB-81
FORD 3000 03-DEC-81
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80
NAME SALARY JOB JOINDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 3000 09-DEC-82
ADAMS 1100 12-JAN-83
MILLER 1300 23-JAN-82
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename Name, Sal Salary, Comm Job HireDate

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
SELECT Ename Name, Sal Salary, Comm Job HireDate
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal Salary, Comm, Salary + NVL(Comm, 0) TotSal

2 FROM Emp;
SELECT Ename, Sal Salary, Comm, Salary + NVL(Comm, 0) TotSal
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "SALARY": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal Salary, Comm, Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) TotSal

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SALARY COMM TOTSAL

------- ---------- ----- ----------
KING 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
TURNER 1500 0 1500
JAMES 950 950
Mobile : 9030750090
WARD 1250 500 1750

FORD 3000 3000
SMITH 800 800
ENAME SALARY COMM TOTSAL

------- ---------- ----- ----------
SCOTT 3000 3000
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, ' You Are Working For Department ', Deptno
3 FROM Emp;
ENAME 'YOUAREWORKINGFORDEPARTMENT' DEPTNO

---------- -------------------------------- ----------
KING You Are Working For Department 10
BLAKE You Are Working For Department 30
CLARK You Are Working For Department 10
JONES You Are Working For Department 20
MARTIN You Are Working For Department 30
ALLEN You Are Working For Department 30
TURNER You Are Working For Department 30
JAMES You Are Working For Department 30
WARD You Are Working For Department 30
FORD You Are Working For Department 20
SMITH You Are Working For Department 20
ENAME 'YOUAREWORKINGFORDEPARTMENT' DEPTNO

---------- -------------------------------- ----------
SCOTT You Are Working For Department 20
ADAMS You Are Working For Department 20
MILLER You Are Working For Department 10
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=ALL_ROWS (Cost=3 Card=14 Bytes=28
0)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=14 Bytes

=280)
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
2 Ename, '''s Designation is ', Job, ' With Salary of ', Sal
3* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME '''SDESIGNATIONIS' JOB 'WITHSALARYOF' SAL

---------- ------------------ --------- ---------------- ----------
KING 's Designation is PRESIDENT With Salary of 5000
BLAKE 's Designation is MANAGER With Salary of 2850
CLARK 's Designation is MANAGER With Salary of 2450
JONES 's Designation is MANAGER With Salary of 2975
MARTIN 's Designation is SALESMAN With Salary of 1250
ALLEN 's Designation is SALESMAN With Salary of 1600
TURNER 's Designation is SALESMAN With Salary of 1500
JAMES 's Designation is CLERK With Salary of 950
WARD 's Designation is SALESMAN With Salary of 1250
FORD 's Designation is ANALYST With Salary of 3000
SMITH 's Designation is CLERK With Salary of 800
ENAME '''SDESIGNATIONIS' JOB 'WITHSALARYOF' SAL

---------- ------------------ --------- ---------------- ----------
SCOTT 's Designation is ANALYST With Salary of 3000
ADAMS 's Designation is CLERK With Salary of 1100
MILLER 's Designation is CLERK With Salary of 1300
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

=364)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET AUTOTRACE OFF EXPLAIN

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno||Ename||Job||Sal||Comm||MGR||HireDate||Deptno Employee

2 FROM Emp;
EMPLOYEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7839KINGPRESIDENT500017-NOV-8110
7698BLAKEMANAGER2850783901-MAY-8130
7782CLARKMANAGER2450783909-JUN-8110
7566JONESMANAGER2975783902-APR-8120
7654MARTINSALESMAN12501400769828-SEP-8130
7499ALLENSALESMAN1600300769820-FEB-8130
7844TURNERSALESMAN15000769808-SEP-8130
Mobile : 9030750090
7900JAMESCLERK950769803-DEC-8130
7521WARDSALESMAN1250500769822-FEB-8130
7902FORDANALYST3000756603-DEC-8120
7369SMITHCLERK800790217-DEC-8020
EMPLOYEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7788SCOTTANALYST3000756609-DEC-8220
7876ADAMSCLERK1100778812-JAN-8320
7934MILLERCLERK1300778223-JAN-8210
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Empno||' is '||Ename||' With Designation of '||Job||' Earning A Salary of
'||Sal||' With Commission of '||NVL(Comm, 0)||' Joined on '||HireDate||' in the
Department '||Deptno Employee
3* FROM Emp
SQL> cl scr
SQL> /
EMPLOYEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7839 is KING With Designation of PRESIDENT Earning A Salary of 5000 With Commiss
ion of 0 Joined on 17-NOV-81 in the Department 10
7698 is BLAKE With Designation of MANAGER Earning A Salary of 2850 With Commissi
on of 0 Joined on 01-MAY-81 in the Department 30
7782 is CLARK With Designation of MANAGER Earning A Salary of 2450 With Commissi
on of 0 Joined on 09-JUN-81 in the Department 10
7566 is JONES With Designation of MANAGER Earning A Salary of 2975 With Commissi
on of 0 Joined on 02-APR-81 in the Department 20
EMPLOYEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7654 is MARTIN With Designation of SALESMAN Earning A Salary of 1250 With Commis
sion of 1400 Joined on 28-SEP-81 in the Department 30
7499 is ALLEN With Designation of SALESMAN Earning A Salary of 1600 With Commiss
ion of 300 Joined on 20-FEB-81 in the Department 30
7844 is TURNER With Designation of SALESMAN Earning A Salary of 1500 With Commis
sion of 0 Joined on 08-SEP-81 in the Department 30
7900 is JAMES With Designation of CLERK Earning A Salary of 950 With Commission
EMPLOYEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
of 0 Joined on 03-DEC-81 in the Department 30
Mobile : 9030750090
7521 is WARD With Designation of SALESMAN Earning A Salary of 1250 With Commissi
on of 500 Joined on 22-FEB-81 in the Department 30
7902 is FORD With Designation of ANALYST Earning A Salary of 3000 With Commissio
n of 0 Joined on 03-DEC-81 in the Department 20
7369 is SMITH With Designation of CLERK Earning A Salary of 800 With Commission
of 0 Joined on 17-DEC-80 in the Department 20
EMPLOYEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7788 is SCOTT With Designation of ANALYST Earning A Salary of 3000 With Commissi
on of 0 Joined on 09-DEC-82 in the Department 20
7876 is ADAMS With Designation of CLERK Earning A Salary of 1100 With Commission
of 0 Joined on 12-JAN-83 in the Department 20
7934 is MILLER With Designation of CLERK Earning A Salary of 1300 With Commissio
n of 0 Joined on 23-JAN-82 in the Department 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename||'''s Salary is Fixed As '||Sal||' Monthly Costing Annually At '||Sal
* 12 "Employees And Salaries"
3* FROM Emp
SQL> /
Employees And Salaries

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING's Salary is Fixed As 5000 Monthly Costing Annually At 60000
BLAKE's Salary is Fixed As 2850 Monthly Costing Annually At 34200
CLARK's Salary is Fixed As 2450 Monthly Costing Annually At 29400
JONES's Salary is Fixed As 2975 Monthly Costing Annually At 35700
MARTIN's Salary is Fixed As 1250 Monthly Costing Annually At 15000
ALLEN's Salary is Fixed As 1600 Monthly Costing Annually At 19200
TURNER's Salary is Fixed As 1500 Monthly Costing Annually At 18000
JAMES's Salary is Fixed As 950 Monthly Costing Annually At 11400
WARD's Salary is Fixed As 1250 Monthly Costing Annually At 15000
FORD's Salary is Fixed As 3000 Monthly Costing Annually At 36000
SMITH's Salary is Fixed As 800 Monthly Costing Annually At 9600
Employees And Salaries

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT's Salary is Fixed As 3000 Monthly Costing Annually At 36000
ADAMS's Salary is Fixed As 1100 Monthly Costing Annually At 13200
MILLER's Salary is Fixed As 1300 Monthly Costing Annually At 15600
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Sum of '||&GNum1||' And '||&GNum2||' is '||&GNum1 + &GNum2 Result
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Enter value for gnum1: 25
Enter value for gnum1:
Enter value for gnum2:
'The Sum of '||25||' And '||45||' is '|| + Result
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00904: "RESULT": invalid identifier
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Sum of '||&GNum1||' And '||&GNum2||' is '||&GNum3 + &GNum4 Result
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
'The Sum of '||25||' And '||45||' is '||25 + 45 Result
*
ERROR at line 2:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Sum of '||&GNum1||' And '||&GNum2||' is '||(&GNum3 + &GNum4) Result
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
RESULT
--------------------------
The Sum of 25 And 45 is 70
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename FROM Emp;

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME
----------
KING
BLAKE
CLARK
JONES
MARTIN
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
FORD
SMITH
ENAME
----------
SCOTT
ADAMS
MILLER
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno FROM Emp;
DEPTNO
----------
10
30
10
20
30
30
30
30
30
20
20
DEPTNO
----------
20
20
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO
---------- ----------
KING 10
BLAKE 30
CLARK 10
JONES 20
MARTIN 30
ALLEN 30
Mobile : 9030750090
TURNER 30
JAMES 30
WARD 30
FORD 20
SMITH 20
ENAME DEPTNO
---------- ----------
SCOTT 20
ADAMS 20
MILLER 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Job FROM Emp;
JOB
---------
PRESIDENT
MANAGER
MANAGER
MANAGER
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
CLERK
SALESMAN
ANALYST
CLERK
JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job FROM Emp;
ENAME JOB
---------- ---------
KING PRESIDENT
BLAKE MANAGER
CLARK MANAGER
JONES MANAGER
MARTIN SALESMAN
ALLEN SALESMAN
TURNER SALESMAN
JAMES CLERK
WARD SALESMAN
FORD ANALYST
SMITH CLERK
ENAME JOB
---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT ANALYST
ADAMS CLERK
MILLER CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Deptno FROM Emp;
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Job FROM Emp;
JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
SQL> SELECT MGR FROM Emp;
MGR
----------
7839
7839
7839
7698
7698
7698
7698
7698
7566
7902
MGR
----------
7566
7788
7782
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT MGR FROM Emp;
MGR
----------
7566
7698
Mobile : 9030750090
7782
7788
7839
7902
7 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Comm FROM Emp;
COMM
----------
1400
300
0
500
COMM
----------
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DITINCT Comm FROM Emp;

SELECT DITINCT Comm FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "DITINCT": invalid identifier
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Comm FROM Emp;
COMM
----------
0
300
500
1400
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno FROM Emp;
EMPNO
----------
7369
Mobile : 9030750090
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
EMPNO
----------
7900
7902
7934
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Empno FROM Emp;
EMPNO
----------
7369
7499
7521
7566
7654
7698
7782
7788
7839
7844
7876
EMPNO
----------
7900
7902
7934
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Job FROM Emp;
DEPTNO JOB
---------- ---------
10 PRESIDENT
30 MANAGER
10 MANAGER
20 MANAGER
30 SALESMAN
30 SALESMAN
30 SALESMAN
Mobile : 9030750090
30 CLERK
30 SALESMAN
20 ANALYST
20 CLERK
DEPTNO JOB
---------- ---------
20 ANALYST
20 CLERK
10 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Deptno, Job FROM Emp;
DEPTNO JOB
---------- ---------
10 CLERK
10 MANAGER
10 PRESIDENT
20 ANALYST
20 CLERK
20 MANAGER
30 CLERK
30 MANAGER
30 SALESMAN
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Deptno, DISTINCT Job FROM Emp;

SELECT DISTINCT Deptno, DISTINCT Job FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> SELECT Deptno, DISTINCT Job FROM Emp;

SELECT Deptno, DISTINCT Job FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 10 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 30 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 10 MANAGER
JONES 2975 20 MANAGER
MARTIN 1250 30 SALESMAN
ALLEN 1600 30 SALESMAN
Mobile : 9030750090
TURNER 1500 30 SALESMAN

JAMES 950 30 CLERK
WARD 1250 30 SALESMAN
FORD 3000 20 ANALYST
SMITH 800 20 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 3000 20 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
MILLER 1300 10 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job = 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250
ALLEN 1600
TURNER 1500
JAMES 950
WARD 1250
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal >= 3000
SQL> /
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000
FORD 3000
SCOTT 3000
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE HireDate = '03-DEC-81';
ENAME DEPTNO JOB HIREDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
JAMES 30 CLERK 03-DEC-81
FORD 20 ANALYST 03-DEC-81
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE HireDate = '03-DECEMBER-81'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
Mobile : 9030750090
no rows selected
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename||' is Working in Department '||Deptno||' Joined On '||HireDate

Employee
2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
EMPLOYEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JAMES is Working in Department 30 Joined On 03-DEC-81
FORD is Working in Department 20 Joined On 03-DEC-81
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Job

2 FROM Emp;
JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
SQL> ED
1 SELECT DISTINCT Job

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job <> 'CLERK'
SQL> /
JOB
---------
ANALYST
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090

JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job <> 'CLERK'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
10 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job = 'CLERK'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Deptno <> 20
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
9 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Sal * 12 AnnSal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal * 12 > 35000;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL ANNSAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 60000
JONES 20 2975 35700
FORD 20 3000 36000
SCOTT 20 3000 36000
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal * 12 > 35000
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
JONES 20 2975
FORD 20 3000
SCOTT 20 3000
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Comm, Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) TotSal

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) > 2800
SQL> /
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME DEPTNO SAL COMM TOTSAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
BLAKE 30 2850 2850
JONES 20 2975 2975
FORD 20 3000 3000
SCOTT 20 3000 3000
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE TotSal > 2800
SQL> /
WHERE TotSal > 2800
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00904: "TOTSAL": invalid identifier
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT 'Apple is Fruit' Fruit

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno = 7566;
FRUIT
--------------
Apple is Fruit
SQL> ED
1 SELECT 'Apple is Fruit' Fruit

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Empno = 1234
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT 125 Value1, 25 Value2, 125 + 25 Result

2 FROM DUAL
3 WHERE 'APPLE' = 'APPLE';
VALUE1 VALUE2 RESULT

---------- ---------- ----------
125 25 150
SQL> ED
1 SELECT 125 Value1, 25 Value2, 125 + 25 Result

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM DUAL
3* WHERE 'APPLE' = 'APPLe'
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Deptno,
5 Job
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE
8 Deptno = 20 AND Job = 'MANAGER';

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Deptno,
5 Job
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE
8* Deptno = 20
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Deptno,
5 Job
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE
8* Job = 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Deptno,
5 Job
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE
8* Deptno = 20 AND Job = 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Empno,
3 Ename,
4 Job,
5 Sal
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Sal >= 1100;
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500
7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Empno,
3 Ename,
4 Job,
Mobile : 9030750090
5 Sal
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Job = 'CLERK';
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> SELECT
2 Empno,
3 Ename,
4 Job,
5 Sal
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Sal >= 1100 AND Job = 'CLERK';
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal ,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7 Sal >= 1500 AND Sal >= 2850;
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal ,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Sal >= 2850
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING 5000 PRESIDENT

BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal ,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Sal = 1250 AND Sal = 3000
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal ,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Sal = 1250 AND Sal <> 3000
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal ,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Job = 'MANAGER' AND Job = 'ANALYST'
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
Mobile : 9030750090
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7 (Sal >= 1500 AND Sal <= 2850) AND
8 Job = 'MANAGER';
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7 Sal >= 1500 AND Sal <= 2850 AND
8* Job = 'MANAGER'
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Sal >= 1500 AND (Sal <= 2850 AND Job = 'MANAGER')
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 20 OR Job = 'MANAGER';
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 30 MANAGER
CLARK 10 MANAGER
Mobile : 9030750090
JONES 20 MANAGER
FORD 20 ANALYST
SMITH 20 CLERK
SCOTT 20 ANALYST
ADAMS 20 CLERK
7 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10 OR Deptno = 30;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal = 1250 OR Sal = 3000
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal >= 1250 AND Sal <= 3000
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090

10 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal <= 1250 OR Sal >= 3000
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
8 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Sal >= 1500 OR Sal >= 2850;
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6* WHERE Sal >= 1500
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
8 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job <> 'MANAGER';

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
11 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE NOT Job = 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090

JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
11 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job = 'SALESMAN';
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN
TURNER 30 SALESMAN
WARD 30 SALESMAN
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Deptno = 30
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 30 MANAGER
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN
TURNER 30 SALESMAN
JAMES 30 CLERK
WARD 30 SALESMAN
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE NOT Job = 'SALESMAN' AND Deptno = 30
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 30 MANAGER
Mobile : 9030750090
JAMES 30 CLERK
SQL> INSERT INTO Emp(Empno, Ename, Deptno, Job)

2 VALUES(1234, 'SAMPLE01', 20, 'SALESMAN');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1235, 'SAMPLE02', 10, 'SALESMAN');
1 row created.

2 FROM Emp
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN
TURNER 30 SALESMAN
WARD 30 SALESMAN
SAMPLE01 20 SALESMAN
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 30
4 /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 30 MANAGER
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN
TURNER 30 SALESMAN
JAMES 30 CLERK
WARD 30 SALESMAN
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE NOT Job = 'SALESMAN' AND Deptno = 30;
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 30 MANAGER
JAMES 30 CLERK
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job = 'SALESMAN' AND NOT Deptno = 30
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE NOT Job = 'SALESMAN' AND NOT Deptno = 30
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 10 PRESIDENT
CLARK 10 MANAGER
JONES 20 MANAGER
FORD 20 ANALYST
SMITH 20 CLERK
SCOTT 20 ANALYST
ADAMS 20 CLERK
MILLER 10 CLERK
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job <> 'SALESMAN' AND Deptno <> 30
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 10 PRESIDENT
CLARK 10 MANAGER
JONES 20 MANAGER
FORD 20 ANALYST
SMITH 20 CLERK
SCOTT 20 ANALYST
ADAMS 20 CLERK
MILLER 10 CLERK
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
3* WHERE NOT(Job <> 'SALESMAN' AND Deptno <> 30)

SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
BLAKE 30 MANAGER
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN
TURNER 30 SALESMAN
JAMES 30 CLERK
WARD 30 SALESMAN
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE NOT(Job = 'SALESMAN' AND Deptno = 30)
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 10 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 30 MANAGER
CLARK 10 MANAGER
JONES 20 MANAGER
JAMES 30 CLERK
FORD 20 ANALYST
SMITH 20 CLERK
SCOTT 20 ANALYST
ADAMS 20 CLERK
MILLER 10 CLERK
ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
12 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal = 3000;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal > 3000
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job > 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job < 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
Mobile : 9030750090
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK

6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE HireDate = '03-DEC-81'
4 /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 03-DEC-81
FORD 3000 20 03-DEC-81
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE HireDate > '03-DEC-81'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 3000 20 09-DEC-82
ADAMS 1100 20 12-JAN-83
MILLER 1300 10 23-JAN-82
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE HireDate < '03-DEC-81'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 10 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 2850 30 01-MAY-81
CLARK 2450 10 09-JUN-81
JONES 2975 20 02-APR-81
MARTIN 1250 30 28-SEP-81
ALLEN 1600 30 20-FEB-81
TURNER 1500 30 08-SEP-81
WARD 1250 30 22-FEB-81
SMITH 800 20 17-DEC-80
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE HireDate <> '03-DEC-81'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 10 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 2850 30 01-MAY-81
CLARK 2450 10 09-JUN-81
JONES 2975 20 02-APR-81
MARTIN 1250 30 28-SEP-81
ALLEN 1600 30 20-FEB-81
TURNER 1500 30 08-SEP-81
WARD 1250 30 22-FEB-81
SMITH 800 20 17-DEC-80
SCOTT 3000 20 09-DEC-82
ADAMS 1100 20 12-JAN-83

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
MILLER 1300 10 23-JAN-82
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 300
TURNER 1500 0
JAMES 950
WARD 1250 500
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Comm

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Comm = NULL
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Comm <> NULL
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Job, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10;
ENAME SAL JOB DEPTNO

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT 10
CLARK 2450 MANAGER 10
MILLER 1300 CLERK 10

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE 10 = Deptno;

---------- ---------- --------- ----------

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job = 'MANAGER';

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER 30
JONES 2975 MANAGER 20

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE 'MANAGER' = Job;

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850
7782 CLARK 2450
7566 JONES 2975
7654 MARTIN 1250
7499 ALLEN 1600
7844 TURNER 1500
7900 JAMES 950
7521 WARD 1250
7902 FORD 3000
7369 SMITH 800
EMPNO ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT 3000
7876 ADAMS 1100
7934 MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename Name, Sal Salary FROM Emp;
NAME SALARY
---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250
ALLEN 1600
TURNER 1500
JAMES 950
WARD 1250
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
NAME SALARY
---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECTEname, Sal, Deptno, job

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "SELECTEnam..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, job
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 Job = 'PRESIDENT' OR
5 Job = 'MANAGER' OR
6 Job = 'ANALYST' OR
7 Job = 'SALESMAN';

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
10 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4* Job <> 'CLERK'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
10 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> CONN HR/HR

Connected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Department_ID, Job_ID, SUM(Salary), AVG(Salary)
3 FROM Employees
4 WHERE
5 (
6 (DEPARTMENT_ID = 20 AND (
7 JOB_ID = 'MK_MAN' OR
8 JOB_ID = 'MK_REP' OR
9 JOB_ID = 'PU_MAN' OR
10 JOB_ID = 'PU_CLERK' OR
11 JOB_ID = 'HR_REP' OR
12 JOB_ID = 'SH_CLERK' OR
13 JOB_ID = 'IT_PROG' OR
14 JOB_ID = 'SA_REP'
15 ) AND
16 (
17 SALARY >= 5000 AND SALARY <= 30000
18 )
19 ) OR
29 ) AND
30 (
32 )
33 ) OR
43 ) AND
44 (
46 )
47 ) OR
Mobile : 9030750090
57 ) AND
58 (
60 )
61 ) OR
71 ) AND
72 (
74 )
75 ) OR
85 ) AND
86 (
88 )
89 ) OR
99 ) AND
100 (
102 )
103 ) OR
Mobile : 9030750090

113 ) AND
114 (
116 )
117 )
118 )
119 GROUP BY Department_ID, Job_ID;
DEPARTMENT_ID JOB_ID SUM(SALARY) AVG(SALARY)

------------- ---------- ----------- -----------
20 MK_MAN 13000 13000
20 MK_REP 6000 6000
30 PU_MAN 11000 11000
40 HR_REP 6500 6500
60 IT_PROG 15000 7500
80 SA_REP 243500 8396.55172
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
3 FROm Employees
4 WHERE
5 (
6 (DEPARTMENT_ID = 20 OR
7 DEPARTMENT_ID = 30 OR
11 DEPARTMENT_ID = 80
12 ) AND
13 (JOB_ID = 'MK_MAN' OR
21 ) AND
22 (
24 )
25 )

------------- ---------- ----------- -----------
20 MK_MAN 13000 13000
20 MK_REP 6000 6000
30 PU_MAN 11000 11000
40 HR_REP 6500 6500
Mobile : 9030750090
60 IT_PROG 15000 7500

80 SA_REP 243500 8396.55172
6 rows selected.
SQL> SET AUTOTRACE ON EXPLAIn

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
3 FROm Employees
4 WHERE
5 (
6 (DEPARTMENT_ID = 20 OR
11 DEPARTMENT_ID = 80
12 ) AND
13 (JOB_ID = 'MK_MAN' OR
21 ) AND
22 (
24 )
25 )

------------- ---------- ----------- -----------
20 MK_MAN 13000 13000
20 MK_REP 6000 6000
30 PU_MAN 11000 11000
40 HR_REP 6500 6500
60 IT_PROG 15000 7500
80 SA_REP 243500 8396.55172
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)
1 0 SORT (GROUP BY) (Cost=4 Card=34 Bytes=544)

2 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMPLOYEES' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=
47 Bytes=752)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
3 FROM Employees
4 WHERE
5 (
15 ) AND
16 (
18 )
19 ) OR
29 ) AND
30 (
32 )
33 ) OR
43 ) AND
44 (
46 )
47 ) OR
Mobile : 9030750090
57 ) AND
58 (
60 )
61 ) OR
71 ) AND
72 (
74 )
75 ) OR
85 ) AND
86 (
88 )
89 ) OR
99 ) AND
100 (
102 )
103 ) OR
Mobile : 9030750090

113 ) AND
114 (
116 )
117 )
118 )

------------- ---------- ----------- -----------
20 MK_MAN 13000 13000
20 MK_REP 6000 6000
30 PU_MAN 11000 11000
40 HR_REP 6500 6500
60 IT_PROG 15000 7500
80 SA_REP 243500 8396.55172
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=ALL_ROWS (Cost=4 Card=6 Bytes=96)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMPLOYEES' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=
36 Bytes=576)
SQL> cl scr

SQL> CONN SCOTT/TIGER
Connected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
BLAKE 30 2850
CLARK 10 2450
JONES 20 2975
MARTIN 30 1250
ALLEN 30 1600
TURNER 30 1500
JAMES 30 950
WARD 30 1250
FORD 20 3000
SMITH 20 800
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 20 3000
ADAMS 20 1100
MILLER 10 1300
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal BETWEEN 1250 AND 2975;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 30 2850
CLARK 10 2450
JONES 20 2975
MARTIN 30 1250
ALLEN 30 1600
TURNER 30 1500
WARD 30 1250
MILLER 10 1300
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal NOT BETWEEN 1250 AND 2975
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
JAMES 30 950
FORD 20 3000
SMITH 20 800
SCOTT 20 3000
ADAMS 20 1100
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job BETWEEN 'MANAGER' AND 'PRESIDENT'
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090

SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job NOT BETWEEN 'MANAGER' AND 'PRESIDENT'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 30 950 CLERK
SMITH 20 800 CLERK
ADAMS 20 1100 CLERK
10 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10 OR Deptno = 20 OR Deptno = 30;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7 Ename IN('FORD', 'ALLEN');
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Ename NOT IN('FORD', 'ALLEN')
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
JAMES 950 CLERK
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
SMITH 800 CLERK
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
MILLER 1300 CLERK
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Deptno
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7 Deptno IN(10, 30);
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING 5000 10
BLAKE 2850 30
CLARK 2450 10
MARTIN 1250 30
ALLEN 1600 30
TURNER 1500 30
JAMES 950 30
WARD 1250 30
MILLER 1300 10
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Deptno
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Deptno NOT IN(10, 30)
SQL> /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------
JONES 2975 20
FORD 3000 20
SMITH 800 20
SCOTT 3000 20
ADAMS 1100 20
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Hiredate
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7 Hiredate IN('20-FEB-1981', '09-JUN-1981');
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
ALLEN 1600 20-FEB-81
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal,
4 Hiredate
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* Hiredate NOT IN('20-FEB-1981', '09-JUN-1981')
SQL> /
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 2850 01-MAY-81
MARTIN 1250 28-SEP-81
TURNER 1500 08-SEP-81
JAMES 950 03-DEC-81
WARD 1250 22-FEB-81
FORD 3000 03-DEC-81
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Comm = NULL;
no rows selected
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Comm IS NULL
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
JAMES 950
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
10 rows selected.
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Comm IS NOT NULL
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 300
TURNER 1500 0
WARD 1250 500
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO JOB SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN 1250
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN 1600
TURNER 30 SALESMAN 1500
JAMES 30 CLERK 950
WARD 30 SALESMAN 1250
FORD 20 ANALYST 3000
SMITH 20 CLERK 800

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SCOTT 20 ANALYST 3000
ADAMS 20 CLERK 1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = 'SMITH';

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SMITH 20 CLERK 800
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
Mobile : 9030750090
JONES 2975 MANAGER

ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
JAMES 950 CLERK
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SMITH 800 CLERK
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
MILLER 1300 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Job
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE
6 Ename LIKE 'S%';
ENAME JOB
---------- ---------
SMITH CLERK
SCOTT ANALYST
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Job
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE
6* Ename NOT LIKE 'S%'
SQL> /
ENAME JOB
---------- ---------
KING PRESIDENT
BLAKE MANAGER
CLARK MANAGER
JONES MANAGER
MARTIN SALESMAN
ALLEN SALESMAN
TURNER SALESMAN
JAMES CLERK
WARD SALESMAN
FORD ANALYST
ADAMS CLERK
ENAME JOB
---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
MILLER CLERK
12 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Job
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE
6 Ename LIKE '_A%';
ENAME JOB
---------- ---------
MARTIN SALESMAN
JAMES CLERK
WARD SALESMAN
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Job
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE
6* Ename LIKE '%A%'
SQL> /
ENAME JOB
---------- ---------
BLAKE MANAGER
CLARK MANAGER
MARTIN SALESMAN
ALLEN SALESMAN
JAMES CLERK
WARD SALESMAN
ADAMS CLERK
7 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Sal
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE
6 Ename = 'SM%';
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE 'MANAGER' = Job
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job LIKE 'MAN%'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE 'MAN%' LIKE Job
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 03-DEC-81
FORD 3000 20 03-DEC-81

2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 03-DEC-81
FORD 3000 20 03-DEC-81

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE HireDate LIKE '03-DEC-81';

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 03-DEC-81
FORD 3000 20 03-DEC-81

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE HireDate LIKE '03-DEC-1981';
no rows selected
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> INSERT INTO Dept

2 VALUES(50, 'SHIPPING_DESK', 'CHENNAI');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(60, 'CARGO_DECK', 'MUMBAI');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(70, 'COURIER%RACK, 'DELHI');
ERROR:

2 VALUES(70, 'COURIER%RACK', 'DELHI');

Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.
SQL> cl scr
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING_DESK CHENNAI
60 CARGO_DECK MUMBAI
70 COURIER%RACK DELHI
7 rows selected.

2 FROM Dept
3 WHERE Dname LIKE '%_%';
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
7 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Dept
3* WHERE Dname LIKE '%\_%'
SQL> /
no rows selected

2 VALUES(80, INV\STOCK ROOM', 'KOLKATA');
ERROR:

2 VALUES(80, 'INV\STOCK ROOM', 'KOLKATA');
1 row created.
SQL> cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
80 INV\STOCK ROOM KOLKATA
8 rows selected.

2 FROM Dept
3 WHERE Dname LIKE '%\_%';
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
80 INV\STOCK ROOM KOLKATA
SQL> ED

2 FROM Dept
3* WHERE Dname LIKE '%\_%' ESCAPE '\'
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Dept
3* WHERE Dname LIKE '%@_%' ESCAPE '@'
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Dept
Mobile : 9030750090
3* WHERE Dname LIKE '%__%' ESCAPE '_'

SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename FROM Emp;
ENAME
----------
KING
BLAKE
CLARK
JONES
MARTIN
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
FORD
SMITH
ENAME
----------
SCOTT
ADAMS
MILLER
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250
ALLEN 1600
TURNER 1500
JAMES 950
WARD 1250
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300

Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 ORDER BY Ename;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
JAMES 950 30 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY Deptno
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY Deptno, Sal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
JAMES 950 30 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY Deptno, Sal, Ename DESC
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
JAMES 950 30 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Comm, Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) TotSal

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY Comm
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM TOTSAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
TURNER 1500 0 1500
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
WARD 1250 500 1750
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
KING 5000 5000
FORD 3000 3000
SCOTT 3000 3000
MILLER 1300 1300
ADAMS 1100 1100
SMITH 800 800
JAMES 950 950

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
JONES 2975 2975
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY Sal + NVL(Comm, 0)
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 800 800
JAMES 950 950
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
WARD 1250 500 1750
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
CLARK 2450 2450
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
BLAKE 2850 2850
JONES 2975 2975

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 3000 3000
SCOTT 3000 3000
KING 5000 5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY TotSal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 800 800
JAMES 950 950
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
WARD 1250 500 1750
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
CLARK 2450 2450
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
Mobile : 9030750090
BLAKE 2850 2850

JONES 2975 2975

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 3000 3000
SCOTT 3000 3000
KING 5000 5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY Empno
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 800 800
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
WARD 1250 500 1750
JONES 2975 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
SCOTT 3000 3000
KING 5000 5000
TURNER 1500 0 1500
ADAMS 1100 1100

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
JAMES 950 950
FORD 3000 3000
MILLER 1300 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY 4
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 800 800
JAMES 950 950
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
Mobile : 9030750090
WARD 1250 500 1750

ALLEN 1600 300 1900
CLARK 2450 2450
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
BLAKE 2850 2850
JONES 2975 2975

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 3000 3000
SCOTT 3000 3000
KING 5000 5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY 5
SQL> /
ORDER BY 5
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-01785: ORDER BY item must be the number of a SELECT-list expression
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY 4, 2 DESC, 1, Comm
SQL> /
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 800 800
JAMES 950 950
ADAMS 1100 1100
MILLER 1300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
WARD 1250 500 1750
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
CLARK 2450 2450
MARTIN 1250 1400 2650
BLAKE 2850 2850
JONES 2975 2975

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 3000 3000
SCOTT 3000 3000
KING 5000 5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
2 'ORACLE' String,
3 LOWER('ORACLE') Lower
4 FROM DUAL;
STRING LOWER
------ ------
ORACLE oracle
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job, Sal, HireDate

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME JOB SAL HIREDATE

---------- --------- ---------- ---------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 17-NOV-81
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 01-MAY-81
CLARK MANAGER 2450 09-JUN-81
JONES MANAGER 2975 02-APR-81
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 28-SEP-81
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 20-FEB-81
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 08-SEP-81
JAMES CLERK 950 03-DEC-81
WARD SALESMAN 1250 22-FEB-81
FORD ANALYST 3000 03-DEC-81
SMITH CLERK 800 17-DEC-80

---------- --------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 09-DEC-82
ADAMS CLERK 1100 12-JAN-83
MILLER CLERK 1300 23-JAN-82
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LOWER(Ename) Ename, LOWER(Job) Job, Sal, HireDate

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ---------
king president 5000 17-NOV-81
blake manager 2850 01-MAY-81
clark manager 2450 09-JUN-81
jones manager 2975 02-APR-81
martin salesman 1250 28-SEP-81
allen salesman 1600 20-FEB-81
turner salesman 1500 08-SEP-81
james clerk 950 03-DEC-81
ward salesman 1250 22-FEB-81
ford analyst 3000 03-DEC-81
smith clerk 800 17-DEC-80

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- --------- ---------- ---------

scott analyst 3000 09-DEC-82
adams clerk 1100 12-JAN-83
miller clerk 1300 23-JAN-82
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 LOWER(Ename)||' is Working As '||Job Employee
3 FROM Emp;
EMPLOYEE
----------------------------------
king is Working As PRESIDENT
blake is Working As MANAGER
clark is Working As MANAGER
jones is Working As MANAGER
martin is Working As SALESMAN
allen is Working As SALESMAN
turner is Working As SALESMAN
james is Working As CLERK
ward is Working As SALESMAN
ford is Working As ANALYST
smith is Working As CLERK
EMPLOYEE
----------------------------------
scott is Working As ANALYST
adams is Working As CLERK
miller is Working As CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LOWER(Ename)||' is Working As '||Job Employee
3 FROM Emp
4* WHERE LOWER(Job) = 'manager'
SQL> /
EMPLOYEE
----------------------------------
blake is Working As MANAGER
clark is Working As MANAGER
jones is Working As MANAGER
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'oracle' String,
3 UPPER('oracle') Upper
4 FROM DUAL;
Mobile : 9030750090
STRING UPPER
------ ------
oracle ORACLE
SQL> SELECT Ename, UPPER(Ename) Upper

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME UPPER
---------- ----------
KING KING
BLAKE BLAKE
CLARK CLARK
JONES JONES
MARTIN MARTIN
ALLEN ALLEN
TURNER TURNER
JAMES JAMES
WARD WARD
FORD FORD
SMITH SMITH
ENAME UPPER
---------- ----------
SCOTT SCOTT
ADAMS ADAMS
MILLER MILLER
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||' is Designated As '||LOWER(Job)
3 FROM Emp
ENAME||'ISDESIGNATEDAS'||LOWER(JOB)
-------------------------------------
BLAKE is Designated As manager
CLARK is Designated As manager
JONES is Designated As manager
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename||' is Designated As '||LOWER(Job) Ename
3 FROM Emp
4* WHERE Job = UPPER('manager')
SQL> /
ENAME
-------------------------------------
BLAKE is Designated As manager
CLARK is Designated As manager
JONES is Designated As manager

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'oracle corporation' String,
3 INITCAP('oracle corporation') InitCap
4 FROM DUAl;
STRING INITCAP
------------------ ------------------
oracle corporation Oracle Corporation
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'sample text for demonstration purpose' String,
3 INITCAP('sample text for demonstration purpose') InitCap
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING INITCAP
------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
sample text for demonstration purpose Sample Text For Demonstration Purpose
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'sample1text@for4demonstration%purpose' String,
3 INITCAP('sample1text@for4demonstration%purpose') InitCap
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING INITCAP
------------------------------------- -------------------------------------
sample1text@for4demonstration%purpose Sample1text@For4demonstration%Purpose
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, INITCAP(Ename) InitCap
3 FROM Emp;
ENAME INITCAP
---------- ----------
KING King
BLAKE Blake
CLARK Clark
JONES Jones
MARTIN Martin
ALLEN Allen
TURNER Turner
JAMES James
WARD Ward
FORD Ford
SMITH Smith
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME INITCAP
---------- ----------
SCOTT Scott
ADAMS Adams
MILLER Miller
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||' is Designated As '||INITCAP(Job) Employee
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE LOWER(Job) = 'manager';
EMPLOYEE
-------------------------------------
BLAKE is Designated As Manager
CLARK is Designated As Manager
JONES is Designated As Manager
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'Oracle' Strimg1,
3 'Corporation' String2,
4 CONCAT('Oracle', 'Corporation') Concat
5 FROM DUAL;
STRIMG STRING2 CONCAT

------ ----------- -----------------
Oracle Corporation OracleCorporation
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Oracle' Strimg1,
4 CONCAT('Oracle', CONCAT(' ', 'Corporation')) Concat
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /

------ ----------- ------------------
Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Oracle' Strimg1,
4 CONCAT('Oracle', CONCAT(' ', LOWER('Corporation'))) Concat
5* FROM DUAL
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /

------ ----------- ------------------
Oracle Corporation Oracle corporation
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> SET VERIFY OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 CONCAT(CONCAT(INITCAP(Ename),' is a '), Job) Job
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE Deptno IN(10, 20);
JOB
-------------------------
King is a PRESIDENT
Clark is a MANAGER
Jones is a MANAGER
Ford is a ANALYST
Smith is a CLERK
Scott is a ANALYST
Adams is a CLERK
Miller is a CLERK
8 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'ABCDEFGHIJ' String,
3 SUBSTR('ABCDEFGHIJ', 0, 5) SubStr
4 FROM DUAL;
STRING SUBST
---------- -----
ABCDEFGHIJ ABCDE
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 SUBSTR('ABCDEFGHIJ', 4) SubStr
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING SUBSTR
---------- -------
ABCDEFGHIJ DEFGHIJ
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
3 SUBSTR('ABCDEFGHIJ', 4, 4) SubStr
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING SUBS
---------- ----
ABCDEFGHIJ DEFG
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 SUBSTR('ABCDEFGHIJ', -5, 4) SubStr
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING SUBS
---------- ----
ABCDEFGHIJ FGHI
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 SUBSTR('ABCDEFGHIJ', 5.25, 4.65) SubStr
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING SUBS
---------- ----
ABCDEFGHIJ EFGH
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 SUBSTR('ABCDEFGHIJ', 5, -4) SubStr
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING S
---------- -
ABCDEFGHIJ
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 NVL(SUBSTR('ABCDEFGHIJ', 5, &GNChars), 'Fatal Error! The Character Picker
is -VE OR 0...') SubStr
4* FROM DUAL
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
Enter value for gnchars: 3
STRING SUB
---------- ---
ABCDEFGHIJ EFG
SQL> /
Enter value for gnchars: 0
STRING SUBSTR
---------- ------------------------------------------------
ABCDEFGHIJ Fatal Error! The Character Picker is -VE OR 0...
SQL> /
Enter value for gnchars: -4
STRING SUBSTR
---------- ------------------------------------------------
ABCDEFGHIJ Fatal Error! The Character Picker is -VE OR 0...
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 SUBSTR(Job, 4, 3) = 'AGE';
ENAME JOB DEPTNO

---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE MANAGER 30
CLARK MANAGER 10
JONES MANAGER 20
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, SUBSTR(Job, 4, 3) SubStr, Deptno

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME JOB SUB DEPTNO

---------- --------- --- ----------
KING PRESIDENT SID 10
BLAKE MANAGER AGE 30
CLARK MANAGER AGE 10
JONES MANAGER AGE 20
MARTIN SALESMAN ESM 30
ALLEN SALESMAN ESM 30
TURNER SALESMAN ESM 30
JAMES CLERK RK 30
WARD SALESMAN ESM 30
FORD ANALYST LYS 20
SMITH CLERK RK 20
ENAME JOB SUB DEPTNO

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- --------- --- ----------

SCOTT ANALYST LYS 20
ADAMS CLERK RK 20
MILLER CLERK RK 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 CONCAT(
3 CONCAT(
4 CONCAT(
5 CONCAT(INITCAP(Ename), '''s Designation is '), INITCAP(Job)),
' But He is a '),
6 CONCAT(
7 INITCAP( SUBSTR(Job, 1, 3)),' Eater.'))
8 FROM Emp
9 WHERE SUBSTR(Job, 4, 3) = UPPER('Age');
CONCAT(CONCAT(CONCAT(CONCAT(INITCAP(ENAME),'''SDESIGNATIONIS
------------------------------------------------------------
Blake's Designation is Manager But He is a Man Eater.
Clark's Designation is Manager But He is a Man Eater.
Jones's Designation is Manager But He is a Man Eater.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'ORACLE' String,
3 LENGTH('ORACLE') Length
4 FROM DUAL;
STRING LENGTH
------ ----------
ORACLE 6
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||' Your Name is A Collection of '||LENGTH(Ename)||' Characters.'
EnameLength
3 FROM Emp;
ENAMELENGTH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING Your Name is A Collection of 4 Characters.
BLAKE Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
CLARK Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
JONES Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
MARTIN Your Name is A Collection of 6 Characters.
ALLEN Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
TURNER Your Name is A Collection of 6 Characters.
JAMES Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
WARD Your Name is A Collection of 4 Characters.
FORD Your Name is A Collection of 4 Characters.
SMITH Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAMELENGTH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
ADAMS Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
MILLER Your Name is A Collection of 6 Characters.
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
EnameLength
3 FROM Emp
4* WHERE LENGTH(Ename) = &GLength
SQL> /
Enter value for glength: 4
ENAMELENGTH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING Your Name is A Collection of 4 Characters.
WARD Your Name is A Collection of 4 Characters.
FORD Your Name is A Collection of 4 Characters.
SQL> /
ENAMELENGTH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JONES Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
SMITH Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
SCOTT Your Name is A Collection of 5 Characters.
8 rows selected.
SQL> Ed
1 SELECT
EnameLength
3 FROM Emp
4* WHERE LENGTH(Ename) = &GLength AND Ename LIKE '%A%'
SQL> /
ENAMELENGTH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 INITCAP(Ename) Name,
3 Job
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE LENGTH(Job) = 7;
NAME JOB
---------- ---------
Blake MANAGER
Clark MANAGER
Jones MANAGER
Ford ANALYST
Scott ANALYST
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 INTICAP(Ename),
3 Job
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE SUBSTR(Job, 4, LENGTH(SUBSTR(Job, 4, 3))) = 'AGE';
INTICAP(Ename),
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00904: "INTICAP": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 INITCAP(Ename),
3 Job
4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE SUBSTR(Job, 4, LENGTH(SUBSTR(Job, 4, 3))) = 'AGE'
SQL> /
INITCAP(EN JOB
---------- ---------
Blake MANAGER
Clark MANAGER
Jones MANAGER
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'STRING' Original,
3 INSTR('STRING' , 'R') InString
4 FROM DUAL;

Mobile : 9030750090
ORIGIN INSTRING
------ ----------
STRING 3
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 INSTR('STRING' , 'RIN', 2) InString
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGIN INSTRING
------ ----------
STRING 3
SQL> fsfx/
SP2-0042: unknown command "fsfx/" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> /
ORIGIN INSTRING
------ ----------
STRING 3
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 INSTR('STRING' , 'RN', 2) InString
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGIN INSTRING
------ ----------
STRING 0
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'CORPORATE FLOOR' Original,
3 INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR', 'OR', 3, 2) InString
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGINAL INSTRING
--------------- ----------
CORPORATE FLOOR 14
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGINAL INSTRING
--------------- ----------
CORPORATE FLOOR 5
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGINAL INSTRING
--------------- ----------
CORPORATE FLOOR 2
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGINAL INSTRING
--------------- ----------
CORPORATE FLOOR 5
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGINAL INSTRING
--------------- ----------
CORPORATE FLOOR 14
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4* FROM DUAL
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
ORIGINAL INSTRING
--------------- ----------
CORPORATE FLOOR 0
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 INSTR('CORPORATE FLOOR', 'OR', -7, 1) InString
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORIGINAL INSTRING
--------------- ----------
CORPORATE FLOOR 5
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, Job, INSTR(Job, 'A', 1, 2) InString
3 FROM Emp
ENAME JOB INSTRING

---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE MANAGER 4
CLARK MANAGER 4
JONES MANAGER 4
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Job Original,
4 SUBSTR(Job,INSTR(Job, 'A', 1, 2), 3) SubString
5 FROM Emp
ENAME ORIGINAL SUB

---------- --------- ---
BLAKE MANAGER AGE
CLARK MANAGER AGE
JONES MANAGER AGE
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Job Original,
4 SUBSTR(Job,INSTR(Job, 'A', 1, 2), 3) SubString
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE SUBSTR(Job, INSTR(Job, 'A', 1, 2), 1) = 'A';
ENAME ORIGINAL SUB

---------- --------- ---
Mobile : 9030750090
BLAKE MANAGER AGE

CLARK MANAGER AGE
JONES MANAGER AGE
MARTIN SALESMAN AN
ALLEN SALESMAN AN
TURNER SALESMAN AN
WARD SALESMAN AN
FORD ANALYST ALY
SCOTT ANALYST ALY
9 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'Sample_Text' String,
3 'String',
4 'Text'
5 FROM DUAL;
STRING 'STRIN 'TEX

----------- ------ ----
Sample_Text String Text
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Sample_Text' String,
3 SUBSTR('Sample_Text', 1, 6) Sample,
4 SUBSTR('Sample_Text', 8) Text
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING SAMPLE TEXT

----------- ------ ----
Sample_Text Sample Text
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'Sample_Text' OrgString,
3 SUBSTR('Sample_Text', 1, INSTR('Sample_Text', '_', 1, 1) - 1) Sample,
4 SUBSTR('Sample_Text', INSTR('Sample_Text', '_', 1, 1) + 1) Text
5 FROM DUAL;
ORGSTRING SAMPLE TEXT

----------- ------ ----
Sample_Text Sample Text
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '&GString1' OrgString,
3 SUBSTR('&GString2', 1, INSTR('&GString3', '_', 1, 1) - 1) Sample,
Mobile : 9030750090
4 SUBSTR('&GString4', INSTR('&GString5', '_', 1, 1) + 1) Text

5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Enter value for gstring1: CARGO_BASE
ORGSTRING SAMPL TEXT

---------- ----- ----
CARGO_BASE CARGO BASE
SQL> /
Enter value for gstring1: ATTITUDE_BEHAVIOUR
ORGSTRING SAMPLE TEXT

------------------ -------- ---------
ATTITUDE_BEHAVIOUR ATTITUDE BEHAVIOUR
SQL> COLUMN String1 FORMAT A7

SQL> SELECT
2 'APPLE_IS_FRUIT' OrgString,
3 SUBSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT', 1, INSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT', '_', 1, 1) - 1) String1,
4 SUBSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT',
5 (INSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT', '_', 1, 1) + 1),
6 (INSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT', '_', 1, 2) - 1) - ((INSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT', '_',
1, 1)))) String2,
7 SUBSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT', (INSTR('APPLE_IS_FRUIT', '_', 1, 2) + 1)) String3
8 FROM DUAL;
ORGSTRING STRING1 STRING2 STRING3

-------------- ------- ------- -------
APPLE_IS_FRUIT APPLE IS FRUIT
SQL> COLUMN Area FORMAT A4

SQL> COLUMN Street FORMAT A6
SQL> COLUMN Lane FORMAT A4
SQL> COLUMN Sector FORMAT A6
SQL> COLUMN Building FORMAT A8
SQL> COLUMN Floor FORMAT A8
SQL> COLUMN Flat FORMAT A4
SQL> COLUMN Door FORMAT A4
SQL> SELECT
2 '125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B' HouseNo,
3 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', 1, INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1,
1) - 1) Area,
4 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B',
5 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 1) + 1),

Mobile : 9030750090
6 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 2) - 1) - ((INSTR('125-23-46-

235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 1)))) Street,
7 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B',
8 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 2) + 1),
9 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 3) - 1) - ((INSTR('125-23-46-
235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 2)))) Lane,
10 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B',
11 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 3) + 1),
12 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 1) - 1) - ((INSTR('125-23-46-
235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 3)))) Sector,
13 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B',
14 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 1) + 1),
15 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 2) - 1) - ((INSTR('125-23-46-
235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 1)))) Building,
16 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B',
17 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 2) + 1),
18 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 4) - 1) - ((INSTR('125-23-46-
235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 2)))) Floor,
19 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B',
20 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 4) + 1),
21 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 3) - 1) - ((INSTR('125-23-46-
235/A/C-12/B', '-', 1, 4)))) Flat,
22 SUBSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B',
23 (INSTR('125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B', '/', 1, 3) + 1)) Door
24 FROM DUAL
25 /
HOUSENO AREA STREET LANE SECTOR BUILDING FLOOR FLAT DOOR

---------------------- ---- ------ ---- ------ -------- -------- ---- ----
125-23-46-235/A/C-12/B 125 23 46 235 A C 12 B
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'Page 1' MyString,
3 LPAD('Page 1', 15, '*.') LPadded
4 FROM DUAL;
MYSTRI LPADDED
------ ---------------
Page 1 *.*.*.*.*Page 1
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Page 1' MyString,
3 LPAD('Page 1', 15) LPadded
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYSTRI LPADDED
Mobile : 9030750090
------ ---------------
Page 1 Page 1
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 LPAD(Ename, 10, '-') LPad
4 FROM Emp WHERE Sal >= 2500;
ENAME LPAD
---------- ----------
KING ------KING
BLAKE -----BLAKE
JONES -----JONES
FORD ------FORD
SCOTT -----SCOTT
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 LPAD(Ename, 10) LPad
4* FROM Emp WHERE Sal >= 2500
SQL> /
ENAME LPAD
---------- ----------
KING KING
BLAKE BLAKE
JONES JONES
FORD FORD
SCOTT SCOTT
SQL> SELECT
2 'Page 1' String1,
3 RPAD('Page 1' , 15, '*.') RPad
4 FROM DUAL;
STRING RPAD
------ ---------------
Page 1 Page 1*.*.*.*.*
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Page 1' String1,
3 RPAD('Page 1' , 15) RPad
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING RPAD
------ ---------------
Page 1 Page 1
SQL> cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 LPAD(RPAD(Ename, 10, '-'), 15, '-') Center
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME CENTER
---------- ---------------
KING -----KING------
BLAKE -----BLAKE-----
CLARK -----CLARK-----
JONES -----JONES-----
MARTIN -----MARTIN----
ALLEN -----ALLEN-----
TURNER -----TURNER----
JAMES -----JAMES-----
WARD -----WARD------
FORD -----FORD------
SMITH -----SMITH-----
ENAME CENTER
---------- ---------------
SCOTT -----SCOTT-----
ADAMS -----ADAMS-----
MILLER -----MILLER----
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 LPAD(RPAD(Ename, 10), 15) Center
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME CENTER
---------- ---------------
KING KING
BLAKE BLAKE
CLARK CLARK
JONES JONES
MARTIN MARTIN
ALLEN ALLEN
TURNER TURNER
JAMES JAMES
WARD WARD
FORD FORD
SMITH SMITH
ENAME CENTER
---------- ---------------
SCOTT SCOTT
ADAMS ADAMS
MILLER MILLER
Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'xyzXxyLAST WORD' OrgStr,
3 LTRIM('xyzXxyLAST WORD', 'xy') Ltrim
4 FROM DUAL;
ORGSTR LTRIM
--------------- -------------
xyzXxyLAST WORD zXxyLAST WORD
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 LTRIM('xyzXxyLAST WORD', 'xzy') Ltrim
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORGSTR LTRIM
--------------- ------------
xyzXxyLAST WORD XxyLAST WORD
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 LTRIM('xyzXxyLAST WORD', 'xzyX') Ltrim
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORGSTR LTRIM
--------------- ---------
xyzXxyLAST WORD LAST WORD
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 ' LAST WORD' OrgStr,
3 LTRIM(' LAST WORD') Ltrim
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORGSTR LTRIM
------------------ ---------
LAST WORD LAST WORD
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
2 'BROWNINGyxXxy' String
3 RTRIM('BROWNINGyxXxy', 'xy') Rtrim
4 FROM DUAL;
RTRIM('BROWNINGyxXxy', 'xy') Rtrim
*
ERROR at line 3:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'BROWNINGyxXxy' String,
3 RTRIM('BROWNINGyxXxy', 'xy') Rtrim
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING RTRIM
------------- -----------
BROWNINGyxXxy BROWNINGyxX
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'BROWNINGyxXxy' String,
3 RTRIM('BROWNINGyxXxy', 'xyX') Rtrim
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING RTRIM
------------- --------
BROWNINGyxXxy BROWNING
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'BROWNING ' String,
3 RTRIM('BROWNING ') Rtrim
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING RTRIM
----------------- --------
BROWNING BROWNING
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, Job, Sal
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE
5 LTRIM(Job, 'MAN') LIKE 'GER';

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE MANAGER 2850
CLARK MANAGER 2450
JONES MANAGER 2975
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'MITHSS' String,
3 TRIM('S' FROM 'MITHSS') Trimmed
4 FROM DUAL;
STRING TRIM
------ ----
MITHSS MITH
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'SSMITH' String,
3 TRIM('S' FROM 'SSMITH') Trimmed
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING TRIM
------ ----
SSMITH MITH
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'SSMITHSS' String,
3 TRIM('S' FROM 'SSMITHSS') Trimmed
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING TRIM
-------- ----
SSMITHSS MITH
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TRIM(LEADING 'S' FROM 'SSMITHSS') Trimmed
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING TRIMME
-------- ------
SSMITHSS MITHSS

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TRIM(TRAILING 'S' FROM 'SSMITHSS') Trimmed
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING TRIMME
-------- ------
SSMITHSS SSMITH
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TRIM(BOTH 'S' FROM 'SSMITHSS') Trimmed
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
STRING TRIM
-------- ----
SSMITHSS MITH
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TRIM(BOTH 'SO' FROM 'SOSMITHSOS') Trimmed
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TRIM(BOTH 'SO' FROM 'SOSMITHSOS') Trimmed
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-30001: trim set should have only one character
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'JACK AND JUE' OrgStr,
3 REPLACE('JACK AND JUE' , 'J', 'BL') Replace
4 FROM DUAL;
ORGSTR REPLACE
------------ --------------
JACK AND JUE BLACK AND BLUE
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
3 REPLACE('JACK AND JUE' , 'J') Replace

4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORGSTR REPLACE
------------ ----------
JACK AND JUE ACK AND UE
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 LENGTH('JACK AND JUE') - LENGTH(REPLACE('JACK AND JUE' , 'J')) "N J's
Found"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ORGSTR N J's Found

------------ -----------
JACK AND JUE 2
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 REPLACE(JOB, 'MAN', 'DAM') Replace
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME REPLACE
---------- ---------------------------
BLAKE DAMAGER
CLARK DAMAGER
JONES DAMAGER
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job,

2 REPLACE (Job, 'P') Replace
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE Job = 'PRESIDENT';
ENAME JOB REPLACE

---------- --------- ---------
KING PRESIDENT RESIDENT
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Job,

2 REPLACE (Job, 'MAN', 'EXECUTIVE') Replace
3 FROM Emp
JOB
---------
REPLACE
Mobile : 9030750090
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SALESMAN
SALESEXECUTIVE
SALESMAN
SALESEXECUTIVE
SALESMAN
SALESEXECUTIVE
JOB
---------
REPLACE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SALESMAN
SALESEXECUTIVE
SQL> cl scr

2 TRANSLATE(Job, 'P', ' ') Translate
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE Job = 'PRESIDENT';
ENAME JOB TRANSLATE

---------- --------- ---------
KING PRESIDENT RESIDENT
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job,

2 TRANSLATE(Job, 'P') Translate
3 FROM Emp
4* WHERE Job = 'PRESIDENT'
SQL> /
TRANSLATE(Job, 'P') Translate
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00909: invalid number of arguments
SQL> SELECT Job,

2 TRANSLATE(Job, 'MN', 'DM') Translate
3 FROM Emp
JOB TRANSLATE
--------- ---------
MANAGER DAMAGER
MANAGER DAMAGER
MANAGER DAMAGER
SQL> cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Data is : '||CHR(67)||CHR(65)||CHR(84) Sample
3 FROM DUAL;
SAMPLE
-----------------
The Data is : CAT
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Character of ASCII '||&GVal1||' is '||CHR(&GVal2) "ASCII 2 CHAR"
3 FROM DUAL;
ASCII 2 CHAR
-----------------------------
The Character of ASCII 1 is
SQL> /
ASCII 2 CHAR
-----------------------------
SQL> /
ASCII 2 CHAR
-----------------------------
SQL> /
ASCII 2 CHAR
-----------------------------
SQL> /
ASCII 2 CHAR
-----------------------------
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090


----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 'Employee Number : '||Empno||CHR(10)||
3 'Employee Name : '||Ename||CHR(10)||
4 'Employee Job : '||Job||CHR(10)||
5 'Employee Salary : '||Sal||CHR(10)||
6 'Employee Comm : '||Comm||CHR(10)||
7 'Employee HireDT : '||HireDate||CHR(10)||
8 'Employee Deptno : '||Deptno||CHR(10)||
9 'Employee MGR : '||MGR||CHR(10) "Employees Report"
10 FROM Emp
11 WHERE Empno = &GEmpno;
Enter value for gempno: 7839
Employees Report
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employee Number : 7839
Employee Name : KING
Employee Job : PRESIDENT
Employee Salary : 5000
Employee Comm :
Employee HireDT : 17-NOV-81
Employee Deptno : 10
Employee MGR :
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
Employees Report
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employee Name : MARTIN
Employee Job : SALESMAN
Employee Comm : 1400
Employee HireDT : 28-SEP-81
Employee MGR : 7698
SQL> /
Employees Report
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employee Name : JONES
Employee Job : MANAGER
Employee Comm :
Employee HireDT : 02-APR-81
Employee MGR : 7839
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The ASCII Value of Character '||'&GVal1'||' is ||ASCII('&GVal2') "CHAR 2
ASCII"
3 FROM DUAL;
Enter value for gval1: A
ERROR:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The ASCII Value of Character '||'&GVal1'||' is '||ASCII('&GVal2') "CHAR 2
ASCII"
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
CHAR 2 ASCII
------------------------------------
The ASCII Value of Character A is 65
SQL> /
Enter value for gval1: Z
Mobile : 9030750090
Enter value for gval2: Z
CHAR 2 ASCII
------------------------------------
The ASCII Value of Character Z is 90
SQL> /
Enter value for gval1: APPLE
Enter value for gval2: APPLE
CHAR 2 ASCII
----------------------------------------
The ASCII Value of Character APPLE is 65
SQL> /
Enter value for gval1: SAMPLE
Enter value for gval2: SAMPLE
CHAR 2 ASCII
-----------------------------------------
The ASCII Value of Character SAMPLE is 83
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleT

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
4 SampName VARCHAR2(15)
5 );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO SampleT(SampID, SampName)

2 VALUES(&GSampID, '&GSampName');
Enter value for gsampid: 1
Enter value for gsampname: Sample Name
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for gsampid: 2
Enter value for gsampname: Sample&Name
1 row created.
SQL> ED
1 INSERT INTO SampleT(SampID, SampName)

2* VALUES(3, 'Sample&Name')
SQL> /
Enter value for name: &Name
1 row created.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090

2* VALUES(4, 'Sample'||'&'||'Name')
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2* VALUES(5, CONCAT('Sample', CONCAT('&', 'Name')))
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED

2* VALUES(6, 'Sample'||CHR(ASCII('&'))||'Name')
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampINS;

SELECT * FROM SampINS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampT;

SELECT * FROM SampT
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampleT;
SAMPID SAMPNAME
---------- ---------------
1 Sample Name
2 Sample&Name
3 Sample&Name
4 Sample&Name
5 Sample&Name
6 Sample&Name
6 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> SET VERIFY OFF
SQL> cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal < Comm;
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 1250 1400
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE SIGN(Sal - Comm) = -1
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 1250 1400
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT 'The Current calender in Server is : '||SYSDATE Today FROM DUAL;
TODAY
---------------------------------------------
The Current calender in Server is : 07-JUL-10
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT SYSDATE Today, SYSDATE + 3 "3 Days"

2 FROM DUAL;
TODAY 3 Days
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 10-JUL-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 SYSDATE + 45 "45 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 45 Days
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 21-AUG-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
Mobile : 9030750090
3 SYSDATE + 450 "450 Days"

4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 450 Days

--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 30-SEP-11
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 SYSDATE - 450 "450 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 450 Days

--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 13-APR-09
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 SYSDATE - 45 "45 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 45 Days
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 23-MAY-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 SYSDATE - 5500 "5500 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 5500 Days

--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 16-JUN-95
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, SYSDATE Today, HireDate, SYSDATE - HireDate DateDiff

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME TODAY HIREDATE DATEDIFF

---------- --------- --------- ----------
KING 07-JUL-10 17-NOV-81 10459.4756
BLAKE 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 10659.4756
Mobile : 9030750090
CLARK 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 10620.4756

JONES 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 10688.4756
MARTIN 07-JUL-10 28-SEP-81 10509.4756
ALLEN 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 10729.4756
TURNER 07-JUL-10 08-SEP-81 10529.4756
JAMES 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 10443.4756
WARD 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 10727.4756
FORD 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 10443.4756
SMITH 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 10794.4756

---------- --------- --------- ----------
SCOTT 07-JUL-10 09-DEC-82 10072.4756
ADAMS 07-JUL-10 12-JAN-83 10038.4756
MILLER 07-JUL-10 23-JAN-82 10392.4756
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, SYSDATE Today, HireDate,

2 TRUNC(SYSDATE - HireDate) DateDiff
3* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- --------- --------- ----------
KING 07-JUL-10 17-NOV-81 10459
BLAKE 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 10659
CLARK 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 10620
JONES 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 10688
MARTIN 07-JUL-10 28-SEP-81 10509
ALLEN 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 10729
TURNER 07-JUL-10 08-SEP-81 10529
JAMES 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 10443
WARD 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 10727
FORD 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 10443
SMITH 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 10794

---------- --------- --------- ----------
SCOTT 07-JUL-10 09-DEC-82 10072
ADAMS 07-JUL-10 12-JAN-83 10038
MILLER 07-JUL-10 23-JAN-82 10392
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 TRUNC(SYSDATE - HireDate) Days,
3 TRUNC((SYSDATE - HireDate) / 365) Years
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE
Mobile : 9030750090
6* TRUNC((SYSDATE - HireDate) / 365) > 28

SQL> /
ENAME TODAY HIREDATE DAYS YEARS

---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 10659 29
CLARK 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 10620 29
JONES 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 10688 29
ALLEN 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 10729 29
WARD 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 10727 29
SMITH 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 10794 29
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 TRUNC(HireDate - SYSDATE) Days,
3 TRUNC((SYSDATE - HireDate) / 365) Years
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE
6* TRUNC((SYSDATE - HireDate) / 365) > 28
SQL> /
ENAME TODAY HIREDATE DAYS YEARS

---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 -10659 29
CLARK 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 -10620 29
JONES 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 -10688 29
ALLEN 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 -10729 29
WARD 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 -10727 29
SMITH 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 -10794 29
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, HireDate, SYSDATE, SYSDATE + HireDate Added

2 FROM Emp;
SELECT Ename, HireDate, SYSDATE, SYSDATE + HireDate Added
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00975: date + date not allowed
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 '07-JUL-10' Today,
3 '07-JUL-10' + 3 "3 Days"
4 FROM DUAL;
'07-JUL-10' + 3 "3 Days"
*
ERROR at line 3:
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 SYSDATE - '01-MAY-10' Diff
4 FROM DUAL;
SYSDATE - '01-MAY-10' Diff
*
ERROR at line 3:
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 SYSDATE + 90 "3 Months"
4 FROM DUAL;
TODAY 3 Months
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 05-OCT-10
SQL> SELECT
2 SYSDATE ToDay,
3 ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, 3) "3 Months"
4 FROM DUAL;
TODAY 3 Months
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 07-OCT-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE ToDay,
3 ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -3) "3 Months"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 3 Months
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 07-APR-10
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, Sal, SYSDATE Today, HireDate,
3 MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate) "Months"
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL TODAY HIREDATE Months

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
KING 5000 07-JUL-10 17-NOV-81 343.693194
BLAKE 2850 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 350.209323
Mobile : 9030750090
CLARK 2450 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 348.951258

JONES 2975 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 351.177065
MARTIN 1250 07-JUL-10 28-SEP-81 345.338355
ALLEN 1600 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 352.59642
TURNER 1500 07-JUL-10 08-SEP-81 345.983516
JAMES 950 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 343.144807
WARD 1250 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 352.531903
FORD 3000 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 343.144807
SMITH 800 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 354.693194

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 07-JUL-10 09-DEC-82 330.951258
ADAMS 1100 07-JUL-10 12-JAN-83 329.854484
MILLER 1300 07-JUL-10 23-JAN-82 341.499645
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate)) "Months"
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
KING 5000 07-JUL-10 17-NOV-81 343
BLAKE 2850 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 350
CLARK 2450 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 348
JONES 2975 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 351
MARTIN 1250 07-JUL-10 28-SEP-81 345
ALLEN 1600 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 352
TURNER 1500 07-JUL-10 08-SEP-81 345
JAMES 950 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 343
WARD 1250 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 352
FORD 3000 07-JUL-10 03-DEC-81 343
SMITH 800 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 354

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 07-JUL-10 09-DEC-82 330
ADAMS 1100 07-JUL-10 12-JAN-83 329
MILLER 1300 07-JUL-10 23-JAN-82 341
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate)) "Months"
4 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
5 WHERE
6* TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate)) > 343
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
BLAKE 2850 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 350
CLARK 2450 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 348
JONES 2975 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 351
MARTIN 1250 07-JUL-10 28-SEP-81 345
ALLEN 1600 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 352
TURNER 1500 07-JUL-10 08-SEP-81 345
WARD 1250 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 352
SMITH 800 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 354
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate)) "Months",
4 TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate) / 12) "Years"
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE
7* TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate) / 12) > 28
SQL> /
ENAME SAL TODAY HIREDATE Months Years

---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 2850 07-JUL-10 01-MAY-81 350 29
CLARK 2450 07-JUL-10 09-JUN-81 348 29
JONES 2975 07-JUL-10 02-APR-81 351 29
ALLEN 1600 07-JUL-10 20-FEB-81 352 29
WARD 1250 07-JUL-10 22-FEB-81 352 29
SMITH 800 07-JUL-10 17-DEC-80 354 29
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
3 ADD_MONTHS('07-JUL-10', 3) Months
4 FROM DUAL;
TODAY MONTHS
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 07-OCT-10
SQL> SELECT
3 '07-FEB-10' Past,
4 MONTHS_BETWEEN('07-JUL-10', +
5
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 '07-FEB-10' Past,
4 MONTHS_BETWEEN('07-JUL-10', '07-JUL-10') Months
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY PAST MONTHS

--------- --------- ----------
07-JUL-10 07-FEB-10 0
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 '07-FEB-10' Past,
4 MONTHS_BETWEEN('07-JUL-10', '07-FEB-10') Months
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY PAST MONTHS

--------- --------- ----------
07-JUL-10 07-FEB-10 5
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 '07-FEB-10' Past,
4 MONTHS_BETWEEN('07-JUL-10', '10-FEB-10') Months
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY PAST MONTHS

--------- --------- ----------
07-JUL-10 07-FEB-10 4.90322581
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 '07-FEB-10' Past,
4 MONTHS_BETWEEN('07-FEB-10', '07-JUL-10') Months
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY PAST MONTHS

--------- --------- ----------
07-JUL-10 07-FEB-10 -5

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 'FRI') "Friday"
4 FROM DUAL;
TODAY Friday
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 09-JUL-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 6) "Friday"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY Friday
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 09-JUL-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 'FRIDAY') "Friday"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY Friday
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 09-JUL-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 'WED') "Wednesday"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY Wednesday
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 14-JUL-10
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) LastDay
4 FROM DUAL;
Mobile : 9030750090
TODAY LASTDAY
--------- ---------
07-JUL-10 31-JUL-10
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Days Left in The Current Month Are : '||
3 (
4 LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) - SYSDATE
5 ) "Days Left"
6 FROM DUAL;
Days Left
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Days Left in The Current Month Are : 24
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 ROUND(SYSDATE) Round,
4 TRUNC(SYSDATE) Trunc
5 FROM DUAL;
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
07-JUL-10 08-JUL-10 07-JUL-10
SQL> R
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 ROUND(SYSDATE) Round,
4 TRUNC(SYSDATE) Trunc
5* FROM DUAL
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
07-JUL-10 07-JUL-10 07-JUL-10
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 ROUND(SYSDATE, 'DAY') Round,
4 TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'DAY') Trunc
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
07-JUL-10 11-JUL-10 04-JUL-10
SQL> R
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 ROUND(SYSDATE, 'DAY') Round,
4 TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'DAY') Trunc
5* FROM DUAL
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
07-JUL-10 04-JUL-10 04-JUL-10
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 ROUND(SYSDATE, 'MONTH') Round,
4 TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'MONTH') Trunc
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
07-JUL-10 01-JUL-10 01-JUL-10
SQL> /
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
16-JUL-10 01-AUG-10 01-JUL-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
3 ROUND(SYSDATE, 'YEAR') Round,
4 TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'YEAR') Trunc
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> cl scr
SQL> R
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
5* FROM DUAL
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
07-JUL-10 01-JAN-11 01-JAN-10
SQL> R
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE Today,
Mobile : 9030750090

5* FROM DUAL
TODAY ROUND TRUNC

--------- --------- ---------
07-JUN-10 01-JAN-10 01-JAN-10
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Comm, Sal - Comm Diff

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Comm IS NOT NULL;
ENAME SAL COMM DIFF

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 1250 1400 -150
ALLEN 1600 300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
WARD 1250 500 750
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Comm,

2 TO_CHAR(Sal - Comm, '9999MI') Diff
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM DIFF

---------- ---------- ---------- -----
MARTIN 1250 1400 150-
ALLEN 1600 300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
WARD 1250 500 750
SQL> ED

2 TO_CHAR(Sal - Comm, '9999PR') Diff
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM DIFF

---------- ---------- ---------- ------
MARTIN 1250 1400 <150>
ALLEN 1600 300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
WARD 1250 500 750
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 TO_CHAR(Sal - Comm, '9999PT') Diff
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM DIFF

---------- ---------- ---------- ------
MARTIN 1250 1400 (150)
ALLEN 1600 300 1300
TURNER 1500 0 1500
WARD 1250 500 750
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Roman Number of Decimal '||&GVal1||' is '||
3 TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'RN') "Deci 2 Roman"
4 FROM DUAL;
Deci 2 Roman
------------------------------------------------
The Roman Number of Decimal 1 is I
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 LTRIM(TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'RN')) "Deci 2 Roman"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Deci 2 Roman
------------------------------------------------
The Roman Number of Decimal 8 is VIII
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 LTRIM(TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'rn')) "Deci 2 Roman"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
Deci 2 Roman
------------------------------------------------
The Roman Number of Decimal 8 is viii
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 LTRIM(TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'RN')) "Deci 2 Roman"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Deci 2 Roman
---------------------------------------------------
The Roman Number of Decimal 2456 is MMCDLVI
SQL> /
Deci 2 Roman
---------------------------------------------------
The Roman Number of Decimal 3999 is MMMCMXCIX
SQL> /
Deci 2 Roman
---------------------------------------------------
The Roman Number of Decimal 4000 is ###############
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, Sal, Comm, TO_CHAR(Sal - Comm, '9G999D99S') Diff
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE Comm IS NOT NULL;
ENAME SAL COMM DIFF

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
MARTIN 1250 1400 150.00-
ALLEN 1600 300 1,300.00+
TURNER 1500 0 1,500.00+
WARD 1250 500 750.00+
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename, Sal, Comm, TO_CHAR(Sal - Comm, 'S9G999D99') Diff
3 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM DIFF

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
MARTIN 1250 1400 -150.00
ALLEN 1600 300 +1,300.00
TURNER 1500 0 +1,500.00
WARD 1250 500 +750.00
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Hexadecimal Value of Decimal '||&GVal1||' is '||
3 TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'X') "Deci 2 Hexa"
4 FROM DUAL;
Deci 2 Hexa
-----------------------------------------
The Hexadecimal Value of Decimal 10 is A
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'x') "Deci 2 Hexa"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Deci 2 Hexa
-----------------------------------------
The Hexadecimal Value of Decimal 10 is a
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'X') "Deci 2 Hexa"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Deci 2 Hexa
-----------------------------------------
The Hexadecimal Value of Decimal 25 is ##
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090

3 LTRIM(TO_CHAR(&GVal2, 'XXXXXXXXX')) "Deci 2 Hexa"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Deci 2 Hexa
-------------------------------------------------
The Hexadecimal Value of Decimal 25 is 19
SQL> /
Deci 2 Hexa
---------------------------------------------------
The Hexadecimal Value of Decimal 2345 is 929
SQL> /
Deci 2 Hexa
----------------------------------------------------
The Hexadecimal Value of Decimal 45634 is B242
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 300
TURNER 1500 0
JAMES 950
WARD 1250 500
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT Ename,
2 TO_CHAR(Sal, '0999') Sal,
3 TO_CHAR(Comm, '0999') Comm
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ----- -----
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 0300
TURNER 1500 0000
JAMES 0950
WARD 1250 0500
FORD 3000
SMITH 0800
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ----- -----
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 TO_CHAR(Sal, '0G999D99') Sal,
3 TO_CHAR(Comm, '0G999D99') Comm
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- --------- ---------
KING 5,000.00
BLAKE 2,850.00
CLARK 2,450.00
JONES 2,975.00
MARTIN 1,250.00 1,400.00
ALLEN 1,600.00 0,300.00
TURNER 1,500.00 0,000.00
JAMES 0,950.00
WARD 1,250.00 0,500.00
FORD 3,000.00
SMITH 0,800.00
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- --------- ---------
SCOTT 3,000.00
ADAMS 1,100.00
Mobile : 9030750090
MILLER 1,300.00
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
3 TO_CHAR(NVL(Comm, 0), '0G999D99') Comm,
4 TO_CHAR(Sal + NVL(Comm, 0), '0G999D99') TotSal
5* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- --------- --------- ---------
KING 5,000.00 0,000.00 5,000.00
BLAKE 2,850.00 0,000.00 2,850.00
CLARK 2,450.00 0,000.00 2,450.00
JONES 2,975.00 0,000.00 2,975.00
MARTIN 1,250.00 1,400.00 2,650.00
ALLEN 1,600.00 0,300.00 1,900.00
TURNER 1,500.00 0,000.00 1,500.00
JAMES 0,950.00 0,000.00 0,950.00
WARD 1,250.00 0,500.00 1,750.00
FORD 3,000.00 0,000.00 3,000.00
SMITH 0,800.00 0,000.00 0,800.00

---------- --------- --------- ---------
SCOTT 3,000.00 0,000.00 3,000.00
ADAMS 1,100.00 0,000.00 1,100.00
MILLER 1,300.00 0,000.00 1,300.00
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
3 TO_CHAR(NVL(Comm, 0), '0G999D99') Comm,
4 TO_CHAR(Sal + NVL(Comm, 0), '0G999D99') TotSal
5* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- --------- --------- ---------
KING 5,000.00 0,000.00 5,000.00
BLAKE 2,850.00 0,000.00 2,850.00
CLARK 2,450.00 0,000.00 2,450.00
JONES 2,975.00 0,000.00 2,975.00
MARTIN 1,250.00 1,400.00 2,650.00
ALLEN 1,600.00 0,300.00 1,900.00
TURNER 1,500.00 0,000.00 1,500.00
JAMES 0,950.00 0,000.00 0,950.00
Mobile : 9030750090
WARD 1,250.00 0,500.00 1,750.00

FORD 3,000.00 0,000.00 3,000.00
SMITH 0,800.00 0,000.00 0,800.00

---------- --------- --------- ---------
SCOTT 3,000.00 0,000.00 3,000.00
ADAMS 1,100.00 0,000.00 1,100.00
MILLER 1,300.00 0,000.00 1,300.00
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 TO_CHAR(Sal, '0G999D99C') Sal,
3 TO_CHAR(NVL(Comm, 0), '0G999D99C') Comm,
4 TO_CHAR(Sal + NVL(Comm, 0), '0G999D99C') TotSal
5* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
KING 5,000.00USD 0,000.00USD 5,000.00USD
BLAKE 2,850.00USD 0,000.00USD 2,850.00USD
CLARK 2,450.00USD 0,000.00USD 2,450.00USD
JONES 2,975.00USD 0,000.00USD 2,975.00USD
MARTIN 1,250.00USD 1,400.00USD 2,650.00USD
ALLEN 1,600.00USD 0,300.00USD 1,900.00USD
TURNER 1,500.00USD 0,000.00USD 1,500.00USD
JAMES 0,950.00USD 0,000.00USD 0,950.00USD
WARD 1,250.00USD 0,500.00USD 1,750.00USD
FORD 3,000.00USD 0,000.00USD 3,000.00USD
SMITH 0,800.00USD 0,000.00USD 0,800.00USD

---------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
SCOTT 3,000.00USD 0,000.00USD 3,000.00USD
ADAMS 1,100.00USD 0,000.00USD 1,100.00USD
MILLER 1,300.00USD 0,000.00USD 1,300.00USD
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'Today is : '||SYSDATE||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'B.C.') Today
3 FROM DUAL;
TODAY
------------------------
Today is : 09-JUL-10A.D.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Today is : '||SYSDATE||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ' B.C.') Today
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY
-------------------------
Today is : 09-JUL-10 A.D.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, HireDate||TO_CHAR(HireDate, ' B.C.') HireDate

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- --------------
KING 5000 17-NOV-81 A.D.
BLAKE 2850 01-MAY-81 A.D.
CLARK 2450 09-JUN-81 A.D.
JONES 2975 02-APR-81 A.D.
MARTIN 1250 28-SEP-81 A.D.
ALLEN 1600 20-FEB-81 A.D.
TURNER 1500 08-SEP-81 A.D.
JAMES 950 03-DEC-81 A.D.
WARD 1250 22-FEB-81 A.D.
FORD 3000 03-DEC-81 A.D.
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80 A.D.
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- --------------
SCOTT 3000 09-DEC-82 A.D.
ADAMS 1100 12-JAN-83 A.D.
MILLER 1300 23-JAN-82 A.D.
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl cr
SP2-0158: unknown CLEAR option "cr"
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Meridian in My Clock is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'P.M.') Meridian
4 FROM DUAL;
MERIDIAN
----------------------------------
The Meridian in My Clock is : A.M.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Date is '||
3 SYSDATE||' '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'CC, B.C.') Calendar
4 FROM DUAL;
Mobile : 9030750090
CALENDAR
--------------------------------------
The Current Date is 09-JUL-10 21, A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Current Date is '||
3 SYSDATE||' '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'SCC, B.C.') Calendar
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
CALENDAR
---------------------------------------
The Current Date is 09-JUL-10 21, A.D.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 HireDate||' '||TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'CC, B.C.') HireDate
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME HIREDATE
---------- ------------------
KING 17-NOV-81 20, A.D.
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 20, A.D.
CLARK 09-JUN-81 20, A.D.
JONES 02-APR-81 20, A.D.
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 20, A.D.
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 20, A.D.
TURNER 08-SEP-81 20, A.D.
JAMES 03-DEC-81 20, A.D.
WARD 22-FEB-81 20, A.D.
FORD 03-DEC-81 20, A.D.
SMITH 17-DEC-80 20, A.D.
ENAME HIREDATE
---------- ------------------
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 20, A.D.
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 20, A.D.
MILLER 23-JAN-82 20, A.D.
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Weekday Number of Today : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'D') WeekDay
4 FROM DUAL;
WEEKDAY
-------------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090
The Weekday Number of Today : 6
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||' You Joined on The Weekday of '||
3 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'D') WeekDay
4 FROM Emp;
WEEKDAY
-----------------------------------------
KING You Joined on The Weekday of 3
BLAKE You Joined on The Weekday of 6
CLARK You Joined on The Weekday of 3
JONES You Joined on The Weekday of 5
MARTIN You Joined on The Weekday of 2
ALLEN You Joined on The Weekday of 6
TURNER You Joined on The Weekday of 3
JAMES You Joined on The Weekday of 5
WARD You Joined on The Weekday of 1
FORD You Joined on The Weekday of 5
SMITH You Joined on The Weekday of 4
WEEKDAY
-----------------------------------------
SCOTT You Joined on The Weekday of 5
ADAMS You Joined on The Weekday of 4
MILLER You Joined on The Weekday of 7
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename||' You Joined on The Weekday of '||
3 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'D') WeekDay
4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'D') = &GWeekday
SQL> /
Enter value for gweekday: 1
WEEKDAY
-----------------------------------------
WARD You Joined on The Weekday of 1
SQL> /
WEEKDAY
-----------------------------------------
MILLER You Joined on The Weekday of 7
SQL> /
WEEKDAY
-----------------------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING You Joined on The Weekday of 3

CLARK You Joined on The Weekday of 3
TURNER You Joined on The Weekday of 3
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Today is '||SYSDATE||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ' Day') Today
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY
----------------------------
Today is 09-JUL-10 Friday
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||' You Are Recruited on '||HireDate||
3 TO_CHAR(HireDate, ' Day') Hiredate
4 FROM Emp;
HIREDATE
---------------------------------------------------
KING You Are Recruited on 17-NOV-81 Tuesday
BLAKE You Are Recruited on 01-MAY-81 Friday
CLARK You Are Recruited on 09-JUN-81 Tuesday
JONES You Are Recruited on 02-APR-81 Thursday
MARTIN You Are Recruited on 28-SEP-81 Monday
ALLEN You Are Recruited on 20-FEB-81 Friday
TURNER You Are Recruited on 08-SEP-81 Tuesday
JAMES You Are Recruited on 03-DEC-81 Thursday
WARD You Are Recruited on 22-FEB-81 Sunday
FORD You Are Recruited on 03-DEC-81 Thursday
SMITH You Are Recruited on 17-DEC-80 Wednesday
HIREDATE
---------------------------------------------------
SCOTT You Are Recruited on 09-DEC-82 Thursday
ADAMS You Are Recruited on 12-JAN-83 Wednesday
MILLER You Are Recruited on 23-JAN-82 Saturday
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, ' Day') = 'Friday'
SQL> /
no rows selected
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE RTRIM(TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day')) = 'Friday'
SQL> /
HIREDATE
---------------------------------------------------
BLAKE You Are Recruited on 01-MAY-81 Friday
ALLEN You Are Recruited on 20-FEB-81 Friday
SQL> SELECT
2 'We Are on the Day '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD')||
3 ' of This Month.' MonthDay
4 FROM DUAL;
MONTHDAY
-----------------------------------
We Are on the Day 09 of This Month.
SQL> SELECT Ename, HireDate, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'DD') = 3;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL

---------- --------- ----------
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Current day Running in This Year : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DDD') Yearday
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
YEARDAY
------------------------------------------
The Current day Running in This Year : 190
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'DDD') > 245;
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 17-NOV-81
Mobile : 9030750090

JAMES 950 03-DEC-81
FORD 3000 03-DEC-81
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80
7 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'DDD') BETWEEN 245 AND 300
SQL> /
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'Today is : '||TO_CHAr(SYSDATE, 'DY') Today
3 FROM DUAL;
TODAY
--------------
Today is : FRI
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Week of This Year is : '
3 ||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'IW') YearWeek
4 FROM DUAL;
YEARWEEK
-------------------------------------
The Current Week of This Year is : 27
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, Sal, HireDate, TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'IW') YearWeek
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'IW') > 25;
ENAME SAL HIREDATE YE

---------- ---------- --------- --
KING 5000 17-NOV-81 47
MARTIN 1250 28-SEP-81 40
TURNER 1500 08-SEP-81 37
JAMES 950 03-DEC-81 49
Mobile : 9030750090
FORD 3000 03-DEC-81 49

SMITH 800 17-DEC-80 51
SCOTT 3000 09-DEC-82 49
7 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Year is : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'IYYY, B.C.') ThisYear
3 FROM DUAL;
THISYEAR
--------------------------------
The Current Year is : 2010, A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Current Year is : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'IYYY, B.C. "Century : "CC')
ThisYear
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
THISYEAR
---------------------------------------------
The Current Year is : 2010, A.D. Century : 21
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||'''s Recruited Year is '||TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'IYYY, B.C.') EmpHire
3 FROM Emp;
EMPHIRE
-----------------------------------------
KING's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
BLAKE's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
CLARK's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
JONES's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
MARTIN's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
ALLEN's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
TURNER's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
JAMES's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
WARD's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
FORD's Recruited Year is 1981, A.D.
SMITH's Recruited Year is 1980, A.D.
EMPHIRE
-----------------------------------------
SCOTT's Recruited Year is 1982, A.D.
ADAMS's Recruited Year is 1983, A.D.
MILLER's Recruited Year is 1982, A.D.
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename||'''s Recruited Year is '||
3 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY "=>" Year, B.C.') EmpHire
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /
EMPHIRE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
BLAKE's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
CLARK's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
JONES's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
MARTIN's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
ALLEN's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
TURNER's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
JAMES's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
WARD's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
FORD's Recruited Year is 1981 => Nineteen Eighty-One, A.D.
SMITH's Recruited Year is 1980 => Nineteen Eighty, A.D.
EMPHIRE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT's Recruited Year is 1982 => Nineteen Eighty-Two, A.D.
ADAMS's Recruited Year is 1983 => Nineteen Eighty-Three, A.D.
MILLER's Recruited Year is 1982 => Nineteen Eighty-Two, A.D.
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Year is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY "=>" Year, B.C.') Year
4 FROM DUAl;
YEAR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Year is : 2010 => Twenty Ten, A.D.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Week in This Month is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'W') MonthWeek
4 FROM DUAl;
MONTHWEEK
-------------------------------------
The Current Week in This Month is : 2
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, Sal, HireDate, Job
3 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
4 WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'W') = 3;

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80 CLERK
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename, Sal, HireDate, Job
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE
5 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') = 1981 AND
6* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'W') = 3
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Quarter of This Year : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Q') MyDate
4 FROM DUAL;
MYDATE
------------------------------------
The Current Quarter of This Year : 3
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename, HireDate, Deptno, Job, Sal
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE
5 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') = 1981;
ENAME HIREDATE DEPTNO JOB SAL

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
KING 17-NOV-81 10 PRESIDENT 5000
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 30 MANAGER 2850
CLARK 09-JUN-81 10 MANAGER 2450
JONES 02-APR-81 20 MANAGER 2975
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 30 SALESMAN 1250
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 30 SALESMAN 1600
TURNER 08-SEP-81 30 SALESMAN 1500
JAMES 03-DEC-81 30 CLERK 950
WARD 22-FEB-81 30 SALESMAN 1250
FORD 03-DEC-81 20 ANALYST 3000
10 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE
6* TO_CHAR(hireDate, 'Q') = 3
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
TURNER 08-SEP-81 30 SALESMAN 1500
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE
6 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Q') = 3 AND
7* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'W') = 4
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Number of Days Completed '||CHR(10)||
3 'Since January 1ST 4712 B.C To '||CHR(10)||
4 'July 12TH 2010 A.C. Are : '||(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, J') - 1) "Julian Days"
5 FROm DUAL;
ERROR:
SQL> Ed
1 SELECT
4 'July 12TH 2010 A.C. Are : '||(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'J') - 1) "Julian Days"
5* FROm DUAL
SQL> /
Julian Days
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Number of Days Completed
Mobile : 9030750090
Since January 1ST 4712 B.C To

July 12TH 2010 A.C. Are : 2455389
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 'July 12TH 2010 A.D. Are : '||(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'J') - 1)||' Days.'
"Julian Days"
5* FROm DUAL
SQL> /
Julian Days
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Number of Days Completed
Since January 1ST 4712 B.C To
July 12TH 2010 A.D. Are : 2455389 Days.
SQL> SELECT 'The Julian Day of Today is : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'J') Julian

2 FROM DUAL;
JULIAN
------------------------------------
The Julian Day of Today is : 2455390
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Different Days Are : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'J, DDD, DD, D') Days
4 FROM DUAL;
DAYS
--------------------------------------------
The Different Days Are : 2455390, 193, 12, 2
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT 'The Current Month is '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'MM') Month

2 FROM DUAL;
MONTH
-----------------------
The Current Month is 07
SQL> SELECT Ename, HireDate, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') = 1981 AND
4 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'MM') = 9;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL JOB

---------- --------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 SALESMAN

TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 SALESMAN
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'DD-MM-YYYY') HireDate, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp
4* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'MM') = 9
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
MARTIN 28-09-1981 1250 SALESMAN
TURNER 08-09-1981 1500 SALESMAN
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day, DD-MM-YYYY B.C.') HireDate, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- -------------------------- ---------- ---------
MARTIN Monday , 28-09-1981 A.D. 1250 SALESMAN
TURNER Tuesday , 08-09-1981 A.D. 1500 SALESMAN
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day, DD-MM, Year B.C.') HireDate
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME HIREDATE
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
MARTIN Monday , 28-09, Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
TURNER Tuesday , 08-09, Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day, DD, Month, Year B.C.') HireDate
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME
----------
HIREDATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
MARTIN
Monday , 28, September, Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
TURNER
Tuesday , 08, September, Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day, DD, Month, Year B.C.') HireDate
3* FROM Emp
4 /
ENAME
----------
HIREDATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING
Tuesday , 17, November , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
BLAKE
Friday , 01, May , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
CLARK
Tuesday , 09, June , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
ENAME
----------
HIREDATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
JONES
Thursday , 02, April , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
MARTIN
Monday , 28, September, Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
ALLEN
Friday , 20, February , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
ENAME
----------
HIREDATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
TURNER
Tuesday , 08, September, Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
JAMES
Thursday , 03, December , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
Mobile : 9030750090
WARD
Sunday , 22, February , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
ENAME
----------
HIREDATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
FORD
Thursday , 03, December , Nineteen Eighty-One A.D.
SMITH
Wednesday, 17, December , Nineteen Eighty A.D.
SCOTT
Thursday , 09, December , Nineteen Eighty-Two A.D.
ENAME
----------
HIREDATE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
ADAMS
Wednesday, 12, January , Nineteen Eighty-Three A.D.
MILLER
Saturday , 23, January , Nineteen Eighty-Two A.D.
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Hour in My Server is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH') Hour
4 FROM DUAL;
HOUR
-------------------------------------
The Current Hour in My Server is : 11
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Current Hour in My Server is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH, P.M.') Hour
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
HOUR
-------------------------------------------
The Current Hour in My Server is : 11, A.M.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Current Time in My Server is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH:MI:SS P.M.') MyTime
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYTIME
------------------------------------------------
The Current Time in My Server is : 11:44:25 A.M.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Current Time in My Server is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH" Hours" MI" Minutes" SS" Seconds" P.M.') MyTime
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYTIME
----------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Time in My Server is : 11 Hours 45 Minutes 23 Seconds A.M.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'The Current Calender : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Day, DD, Month, Year B.C., HH" Hours" MI" Minutes" SS"
Seconds" P.M.') MyCalender
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Day, DD, Month, Year B.C., HH" Hours" MI" Minutes" SS"
Seconds" P.M.') MyCalender
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-01801: date format is too long for internal buffer
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Day, DD, Month, Year B.C.')||
4 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ", HH" Hours" MI" Minutes" SS" Seconds" P.M.') MyCalender
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ERROR:
ORA-01740: missing double quote in identifier
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Day, DD, Month, Year B.C.')||
4 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ', HH" Hours" MI" Minutes" SS" Seconds" P.M.') MyCalender
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYCALENDER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Calender : Monday , 12, July , Twenty Ten A.D., 11 Hours 48 Mi
nutes 03 Seconds A.M.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 SYSDATE, TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-RM-YYYY') Today
3 FROM DUAL;
SYSDATE TODAY
--------- ------------
12-JUL-10 12-VII -2010
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SYSDATE, TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-rm-YYYY') Today
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
SYSDATE TODAY
--------- ------------
12-JUL-10 12-vii -2010
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Seconds Since 12.00 A.M. : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'SSSSS') Seconds
4 FROM DUAL;
SECONDS
------------------------------------
The Seconds Since 12.00 A.M. : 42702
SQL> /
SECONDS
------------------------------------
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
SECONDS
------------------------------------
SQL> /
SECONDS
------------------------------------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'The Current Date is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DDTH, Month Year B.C.') MyDate
4 FROM DUAL;
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Date is : 12TH, July Twenty Ten A.D.
SQL> /
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Date is : 01ST, July Twenty Ten A.D.
SQL> /
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Date is : 02ND, July Twenty Ten A.D.
SQL> /
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Date is : 03RD, July Twenty Ten A.D.
SQL> /
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Date is : 12TH, July Twenty Ten A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DDSP, Month Year B.C.') MyDate
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090
The Current Date is : TWELVE, July Twenty Ten A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DDSPTH, Month Year B.C.') MyDate
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Date is : TWELFTH, July Twenty Ten A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, '"Day "DDSPTH "of" MMSPTH" Month" " Year "YYYYSP B.C.')
MyDate
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYDATE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Current Date is : Day TWELFTH of SEVENTH Month Year TWO THOUSAND TEN A.D.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||
3 ' You Are Hired on : '||
4 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day, "Day "DDSPTH "of" Month "Month" "in The Year"
YYYYSP B.C.') EmpHire
5 FROM Emp;
EMPHIRE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING You Are Hired on : Tuesday , Day SEVENTEENTH of November Month in The Yea
r ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-ONE A.D.
BLAKE You Are Hired on : Friday , Day FIRST of May Month in The Year ONE
THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-ONE A.D.
CLARK You Are Hired on : Tuesday , Day NINTH of June Month in The Year ONE
JONES You Are Hired on : Thursday , Day SECOND of April Month in The Year ON
E THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-ONE A.D.
EMPHIRE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MARTIN You Are Hired on : Monday , Day TWENTY-EIGHTH of September Month in The
Mobile : 9030750090
Year ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-ONE A.D.
ALLEN You Are Hired on : Friday , Day TWENTIETH of February Month in The Year
ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-ONE A.D.
TURNER You Are Hired on : Tuesday , Day EIGHTH of September Month in The Year O
NE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-ONE A.D.
JAMES You Are Hired on : Thursday , Day THIRD of December Month in The Year ONE
EMPHIRE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WARD You Are Hired on : Sunday , Day TWENTY-SECOND of February Month in The Y
ear ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-ONE A.D.
FORD You Are Hired on : Thursday , Day THIRD of December Month in The Year ONE
SMITH You Are Hired on : Wednesday, Day SEVENTEENTH of December Month in The Ye
ar ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY A.D.
EMPHIRE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT You Are Hired on : Thursday , Day NINTH of December Month in The Year ONE
THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-TWO A.D.
ADAMS You Are Hired on : Wednesday, Day TWELFTH of January Month in The Year O
NE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-THREE A.D.
MILLER You Are Hired on : Saturday , Day TWENTY-THIRD of January Month in The
Year ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-TWO A.D.
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 'Today is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Day, DD, Month YYYY') MyDate
4 FROM DUAL;
MYDATE
----------------------------------------
Today is : Monday , 12, July 2010
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Today is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'FMDay, DD, Month YYYY') MyDate
4* FROM DUAL
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
MYDATE
----------------------------------------
Today is : Monday, 12, July 2010
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Today is : '||
3 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'Day, DD, FMMonth YYYY') MyDate
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
MYDATE
----------------------------------------
Today is : Monday , 12, July 2010
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 '1,234.00' Num1,
3 '2,345.00' Num2,
4 '1,234.00' + '2,345.00' Result
5 FROM DUAL;
'1,234.00' + '2,345.00' Result
*
ERROR at line 4:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '1,234.00' Num1,
3 '2,345.00' Num2,
4 TO_CHAR(1234 + 2345, '9G999D99') Result
5* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
NUM1 NUM2 RESULT

-------- -------- ---------
1,234.00 2,345.00 3,579.00
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '1,234.00' Num1,
3 '2,345.00' Num2,
4 TO_NUMBER('1,234.00', '9G999D99') +
5 TO_NUMBER('2,345.00', '9G999D99') Result
6* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
Mobile : 9030750090
NUM1 NUM2 RESULT

-------- -------- ----------
1,234.00 2,345.00 3579
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '1,234.00' Num1,
3 '2,345.00' Num2,
4 TO_CHAR((TO_NUMBER('1,234.00', '9G999D99') +
5 TO_NUMBER('2,345.00', '9G999D99')), '9G999D99') Result
6* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
NUM1 NUM2 RESULT

-------- -------- ---------
1,234.00 2,345.00 3,579.00
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '1,234.00INR' Num1,
3 '2,345.00INR' Num2,
4 TO_NUMBER('1,234.00INR', '9G999D99L', 'NLS_CURRENCY = INR') +
5 TO_NUMBER('2,345.00INR', '9G999D99L', 'NLS_CURRENCY = INR') Result
6* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
NUM1 NUM2 RESULT

----------- ----------- ----------
1,234.00INR 2,345.00INR 3579
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '1,234.00INR' Num1,
3 '2,345.00INR' Num2,
4 TO_CHAR(
5 (TO_NUMBER('1,234.00INR', '9G999D99L', 'NLS_CURRENCY = INR') +
6 TO_NUMBER('2,345.00INR', '9G999D99L', 'NLS_CURRENCY = INR')), '9G999D99L',
'NLS_CURRENCY = INR') Result
7* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
NUM1 NUM2 RESULT

----------- ----------- -------------------
1,234.00INR 2,345.00INR 3,579.00INR
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
3 '12-JUL-10' + 3 "3 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
'12-JUL-10' + 3 "3 Days"
*
ERROR at line 3:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_DATE('12-JUL-10', 'DD-MON-YY') + 3 "3 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 3 Days
--------- ---------
12-JUL-10 15-JUL-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D.' Today,
3 'Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D.' + 3 "3 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
'Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D.' + 3 "3 Days"
*
ERROR at line 3:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_DATE('Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D.', 'Day, Month DD, YYYY B.C.') + 3 "3
Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 3 Days
-------------------------- ---------
Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D. 15-JUL-10
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
3 TO_CHAR((TO_DATE('Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D.', 'Day, Month DD, YYYY B.C.')
+ 3), 'Day, Month DD, YYYY B.C.') "3 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 3 Days
-------------------------- ----------------------------------
Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D. Thursday , July 15, 2010 A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR((TO_DATE('Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D.', 'Day, Month DD, YYYY B.C.')
+ 3), 'FMDay, Month DD, YYYY B.C.') "3 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TODAY 3 Days
-------------------------- ----------------------------
Monday, July 12, 2010 A.D. Thursday, July 15, 2010 A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 'Tuesday, July 12, 2010 A.D.' Today,
3 TO_CHAR((TO_DATE('Tuesday, July 12, 2010 A.D.', 'Day, Month DD, YYYY B.C.')
+ 3), 'FMDay, Month DD, YYYY B.C.') "3 Days"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TO_CHAR((TO_DATE('Tuesday, July 12, 2010 A.D.', 'Day, Month DD, YYYY B.C.') + 3),
'FMDay, Month DD, YYYY B.C.') "3 Days"
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-01835: day of week conflicts with Julian date
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampTab

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(6),
4 SampDate DATE
5 );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO SampTab

2 VALUES(100000, SYSDATE);
1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090
2 VALUES('100001', SYSDATE);
1 row created.

2 VALUES('-100002', SYSDATE);
1 row created.

2 VALUES('100003.25', SYSDATE);
1 row created.

2 VALUES('100004-', SYSDATE);
VALUES('100004-', SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:

2 VALUES(TO_NUMBER('100004-', '999999MI'), SYSDATE);
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10

2 VALUES('1,00,005', SYSDATE);
VALUES('1,00,005', SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:

2 VALUES(TO_NUMBER('1,00,005', '9G99G999'), SYSDATE);
1 row created.

2 VALUES('<1,00,006>', SYSDATE);
VALUES('<1,00,006>', SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:
Mobile : 9030750090

2 VALUES(TO_NUMBER('<1,00,006>', '9G99G999PR'), SYSDATE);
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROm SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10
100005 13-JUL-10
-100006 13-JUL-10
7 rows selected.

2 VALUES('1,00,007INR', SYSDATE);
VALUES('1,00,007INR', SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:

2 VALUES(TO_NUMBER('1,00,007INR', '9G99G999L', 'NLS_CURRENCY = INR'),
SYSDATE);
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(100008, 'XXXXXX') Hexa FROM DUAL;
HEXA
-------
186A8

2 VALUES('186A8', SYSDATE);
VALUES('186A8', SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:

2 VALUES(TO_NUMBER('186A8', 'XXXXXXXX'), SYSDATE);
1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10
100005 13-JUL-10
-100006 13-JUL-10
100007 13-JUL-10
100008 13-JUL-10
9 rows selected.

2 VALUES(100009, '13-JUL-10');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100010, '13-JULY-10');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100011, '13-JULY-2010');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100012, '13JULY2010');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100013, '13072010');
VALUES(100013, '13072010')
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string

2 VALUES(100013, '13-07-2010');
VALUES(100013, '13-07-2010')
*
ERROR at line 2:
SQL> cl scr
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10
100005 13-JUL-10
-100006 13-JUL-10
100007 13-JUL-10
100008 13-JUL-10
100009 13-JUL-10
100010 13-JUL-10
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100011 13-JUL-10
100012 13-JUL-10
13 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampTab

2 WHERE SampDate = SYSDATE;
no rows selected

2 WHERE TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YY') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YY');
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10
100005 13-JUL-10
-100006 13-JUL-10
100007 13-JUL-10
100008 13-JUL-10
100009 13-JUL-10
100010 13-JUL-10
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100011 13-JUL-10
100012 13-JUL-10
13 rows selected.

2 WHERE SampDate = '13-JUL-10';
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100009 13-JUL-10
100010 13-JUL-10
100011 13-JUL-10
Mobile : 9030750090
100012 13-JUL-10

2 WHERE TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YY') = '13-JUL-10';
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10
100005 13-JUL-10
-100006 13-JUL-10
100007 13-JUL-10
100008 13-JUL-10
100009 13-JUL-10
100010 13-JUL-10
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100011 13-JUL-10
100012 13-JUL-10
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10
100005 13-JUL-10
-100006 13-JUL-10
100007 13-JUL-10
100008 13-JUL-10
100009 13-JUL-10
100010 13-JUL-10
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100011 13-JUL-10
100012 13-JUL-10
13 rows selected.

2 VALUES(100013, '13-JUL-2010, 11:59:45 A.M.');
VALUES(100013, '13-JUL-2010, 11:59:45 A.M.')
*
ERROR at line 2:
Mobile : 9030750090
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string
SQL> ED
1 INSERT INTO SampTab

2 VALUES(
3 100013,
4* TO_DATE('13-JUL-2010, 11:59:45 A.M.', 'DD-MON-YYYY, HH:MI:SS P.M.'))
SQL> /
1 row created.
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 13-JUL-10
100001 13-JUL-10
-100002 13-JUL-10
100003 13-JUL-10
-100004 13-JUL-10
100005 13-JUL-10
-100006 13-JUL-10
100007 13-JUL-10
100008 13-JUL-10
100009 13-JUL-10
100010 13-JUL-10
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100011 13-JUL-10
100012 13-JUL-10
100013 13-JUL-10
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT SampID, TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-FMMonth-YYYY, HH:MI:SS P.M.') SampDate

2* FROM SampTab
SQL> /
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- --------------------------------
100000 13-July-2010, 11:13:45 A.M.
100001 13-July-2010, 11:14:19 A.M.
-100002 13-July-2010, 11:14:46 A.M.
100003 13-July-2010, 11:15:23 A.M.
-100004 13-July-2010, 11:17:20 A.M.
100005 13-July-2010, 11:21:5 A.M.
-100006 13-July-2010, 11:22:42 A.M.
100007 13-July-2010, 11:25:0 A.M.
100008 13-July-2010, 11:29:15 A.M.
Mobile : 9030750090
100009 13-July-2010, 12:0:0 A.M.

100010 13-July-2010, 12:0:0 A.M.
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- --------------------------------
100011 13-July-2010, 12:0:0 A.M.
100012 13-July-2010, 12:0:0 A.M.
100013 13-July-2010, 11:59:45 A.M.
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED

2* VALUES(100014, '12:04:45 P.M.')
SQL> /
VALUES(100014, '12:04:45 P.M.')
*
ERROR at line 2:
SQL> ED

2* VALUES(100014, TO_DATE('12:04:45 P.M.', 'HH:MI:SS A.M.'))
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT
2 SampID, TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY, HH:MI:SS A.M.') SampDate
3 FROM SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- --------------------------
100000 13-JUL-2010, 11:13:45 A.M.
100001 13-JUL-2010, 11:14:19 A.M.
-100002 13-JUL-2010, 11:14:46 A.M.
100003 13-JUL-2010, 11:15:23 A.M.
-100004 13-JUL-2010, 11:17:20 A.M.
100005 13-JUL-2010, 11:21:05 A.M.
-100006 13-JUL-2010, 11:22:42 A.M.
100007 13-JUL-2010, 11:25:00 A.M.
100008 13-JUL-2010, 11:29:15 A.M.
100009 13-JUL-2010, 12:00:00 A.M.
100010 13-JUL-2010, 12:00:00 A.M.
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- --------------------------
100011 13-JUL-2010, 12:00:00 A.M.
100012 13-JUL-2010, 12:00:00 A.M.
Mobile : 9030750090
100013 13-JUL-2010, 11:59:45 A.M.

100014 01-JUL-2010, 12:04:45 P.M.
15 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampTAB;
no rows selected

2 VALUES(100000, SYSDATE);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100001, '13-JUL-2010');
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT SampID, TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY, CC, B.C.') SampDate

2 FROM SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------------------
100000 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D.
100001 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D.

2 VALUES(100002, '13-JUL-2010, B.C.');
VALUES(100002, '13-JUL-2010, B.C.')
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01830: date format picture ends before converting entire input string

2 VALUES(100002, TO_DATE('13-JUL-2010, B.C.', 'DD-MON-YYYY, A.D'));
VALUES(100002, TO_DATE('13-JUL-2010, B.C.', 'DD-MON-YYYY, A.D'))
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01821: date format not recognized
SQL> ED

2* VALUES(100002, TO_DATE('13-JUL-2010, B.C.', 'DD-MON-YYYY, A.D.'))
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SampID,
3 TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY, CC, B.C.') SampDate
4* FROM SampTab
SQL> /
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------------------
100000 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D.
100001 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D.
100002 13-JUL-2010, 21, B.C.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SampID,
3 TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY, CC, B.C.') SampDate,
4 TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'J') Julian
5* FROM SampTab
SQL> /
SAMPID SAMPDATE JULIAN

---------- --------------------- -------
100000 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D. 2455391
100001 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D. 2455391
100002 13-JUL-2010, 21, B.C. 0987099

2 VALUES(100003, '2455391');
VALUES(100003, '2455391')
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01861: literal does not match format string

2 VALUES(100003, TO_DATE('2455391', 'J'));
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100004, TO_DATE('0987099', 'J'));
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT
2 SampID,
Mobile : 9030750090

5 FROM SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE JULIAN

---------- --------------------- -------
100000 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D. 2455391
100001 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D. 2455391
100002 13-JUL-2010, 21, B.C. 0987099
100003 13-JUL-2010, 21, A.D. 2455391
100004 13-JUL-2010, 21, B.C. 0987099

2 VALUES(100005, TO_DATE('1', 'J'));
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100005, TO_DATE('0', 'J'));
VALUES(100005, TO_DATE('0', 'J'))
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01854: julian date must be between 1 and 5373484

2 VALUES(100005, TO_DATE('5373484', 'J'));
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT
2 SampID,
5 FROM SampTab;
ERROR:
no rows selected
SQL> DELETE FROM SampTab

2 WHERE SampID = 100000;
1 row deleted.

1 row deleted.

1 row deleted.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
2 SampID,
4 FROM SampTab;
ERROR:
no rows selected

1 row deleted.

1 row deleted.
SQL> SELECT
2 SampID,
4 FROM SampTab;
ERROR:
no rows selected
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
no rows selected

2 VALUES(100005, TO_DATE('1', 'J'));
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT SampID, TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY A.D.') SampDate

2 FROM SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ----------------
100005 01-JAN-4712 B.C.

2 VALUES(100005, TO_DATE('5373484', 'J'));
1 row created.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT SampID, TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY A.D.') SampDate

2 FROM SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ----------------
100005 01-JAN-4712 B.C.
100005 31-DEC-9999 A.D.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SampID,
3 TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY A.D. ') SampDate,
4 TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'SCC') CurrentCentury
5* FROM SampTab
SQL> /
ERROR:
no rows selected
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 SampID,
3 TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'SCC') CurrentCentury
4* FROM SampTab
SQL> /
ERROR:
no rows selected
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC SampTAB;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SAMPID NUMBER(6)
SAMPDATE DATE
SQL> SELECT * FROM TAB;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
EMP_SUM TABLE
SUBTOTALS TABLE
SAMPTAB TABLE
MYAUDIT TABLE
TRAPPEDMESSAGES TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE

------------------------------ ------- ----------
ORD TABLE
ITEM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
PRICE TABLE
CUMSUM VIEW
INSERTDEPT VIEW
EMPSALINFO VIEW
ORGDESIGNATIONS VIEW
DEPTSALSUMMARY VIEW
EMPJOBINFO VIEW
EMPTOTSALINFO VIEW

------------------------------ ------- ----------
EMPLOYEES VIEW
EMPMANAGERS VIEW
EMPGRADES VIEW
EMP_SUMV VIEW
EMPDATA VIEW
EMPACCOUNTS VIEW
EDEPT30 VIEW
SALES VIEW
EMPINFO VIEW
EMPLOYEE SYNONYM
32 rows selected.
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr

2 VALUES(100000, '14-JUL-10');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100001, '14-JUL-98');
1 row created.
Mobile : 9030750090

2 VALUES(100002, '14-JUL-10');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(100003, '14-JUL-98');
1 row created.
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- ---------
100000 14-JUL-10
100001 14-JUL-98
100002 14-JUL-10
100003 14-JUL-98
SQL> SELECT SampID, TO_CHAR(SampDate, 'DD-MON-YYYY') SampDate

2 FROM SampTab;
SAMPID SAMPDATE
---------- -----------
100000 14-JUL-2010
100001 14-JUL-1998
100002 14-JUL-2110
100003 14-JUL-2098
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
ENAME HIREDATE
---------- ---------
SMITH 17-DEC-80
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Hiredate,
4 TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(Hiredate, 1),
5 'DD-MON-YYYY') "NEXT MONTH"
6 FROM Emp
ENAME HIREDATE NEXT MONTH

---------- --------- -----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 17-JAN-1981
SQL> SELECT
2 CONCAT(CONCAT(Ename, ' is a '), Job) Designation
3 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
DESIGNATION
-------------------------
JAMES is a CLERK
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 '27-OCT-92' SampDate,
3 TRUNC(TO_DATE('27-OCT-92' , 'DD-MON-YY'),
4 'YEAR') "NEW YEAR"
5 FROM DUAL;
SAMPDATE NEW YEAR

--------- ---------
27-OCT-92 01-JAN-92
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 ADD_MONTHS('27-OCT-92', -10) "NEW YEAR"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
SAMPDATE NEW YEAR

--------- ---------
27-OCT-92 27-DEC-91
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 ADD_MONTHS('27-OCT-92', -10) + 5 "NEW YEAR"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
SAMPDATE NEW YEAR

--------- ---------
27-OCT-92 01-JAN-92
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 ADD_MONTHS('27-OCT-92', -9) "NEW YEAR"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
SAMPDATE NEW YEAR

--------- ---------
27-OCT-92 27-JAN-92

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 ADD_MONTHS('27-OCT-92', -9) - 26 "NEW YEAR"
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
SAMPDATE NEW YEAR

--------- ---------
27-OCT-92 01-JAN-92
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = 'MARTIN';
ENAME HIREDATE
---------- ---------
MARTIN 28-SEP-81
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Hiredate,
4 TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(LAST_DAY(Hiredate) , 5), 'DD-MON-YYYY') "FIVE MONTHS"
5 FROM Emp
ENAME HIREDATE FIVE MONTHS

---------- --------- -----------
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 28-FEB-1982
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Hiredate,
4 TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(LAST_DAY(Hiredate) , 6), 'DD-MON-YYYY') "FIVE MONTHS"
5 FROM Emp
6* WHERE Ename = 'MARTIN'
SQL> /

---------- --------- -----------
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 31-MAR-1982
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
Mobile : 9030750090
3 Hiredate,
4 TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(Hiredate , 6), 'DD-MON-YYYY') "FIVE MONTHS"
5 FROM Emp
6* WHERE Ename = 'MARTIN'
SQL> /

---------- --------- -----------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 Hiredate,
4 TO_CHAR(ADD_MONTHS(LAST_DAY(Hiredate) + 1 , 5), 'DD-MON-YYYY') "FIVE
MONTHS"
5 FROM Emp

---------- --------- -----------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 '02-02-1995' Date1,
3 '01-01-1995' Date2,
4 MONTHS_BETWEEN(
5 TO_DATE('02-02-1995' , 'MM-DD-YYYY'),
6 TO_DATE('01-01-1995', 'MM-DD-YYYY')) MONTHS
7 FROM Dual;
DATE1 DATE2 MONTHS

---------- ---------- ----------
02-02-1995 01-01-1995 1.03225806
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '02-02-1995' Date1,
3 '01-01-1995' Date2,
4 MONTHS_BETWEEN(
5 TO_DATE('02-02-1995' , 'DD-MM-YYYY'),
6 TO_DATE('01-01-1995', 'DD-MM-YYYY')) MONTHS
7* FROM Dual
SQL> /
DATE1 DATE2 MONTHS

---------- ---------- ----------
02-02-1995 01-01-1995 1.03225806
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
2 '15-MAR-98' Date1,
3 NEXT_DAY('15-MAR-98', 'TUESDAY') "Next Day"
4 FROM DUAL;
DATE1 Next Day

--------- ---------
15-MAR-98 17-MAR-98
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 NVL(TO_CHAR(Comm), 'Not Applicable') "Commission"
4 FROM Emp
ENAME Commission
---------- ----------------------------------------
BLAKE Not Applicable
MARTIN 1400
ALLEN 300
TURNER 0
JAMES Not Applicable
WARD 500
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 '27-OCT-92' MyDate,
3 ROUND(TO_DATE('27-OCT-92', 'DD-MON-YY'),
4 'YEAR') "New Year"
5 FROM DUAL;
MYDATE New Year

--------- ---------
27-OCT-92 01-JAN-93
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 HireDate,
4 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'MONTH DD, YYYY')
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Ename = 'BLAKE';
ENAME HIREDATE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'

---------- --------- ------------------
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 MAY 01, 1981
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 HireDate,
4 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'FMMONTH DD, YYYY')
5 FROM Emp
6* WHERE Ename = 'BLAKE'
SQL> /
ENAME HIREDATE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE,'

---------- --------- ------------------
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 MAY 1, 1981
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 '27-OCT-98' Date1,
3 TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('27-OCT-98', 'DD-MON-RR'), 'YYYY') YEAR
4 FROM DUAL;
DATE1 YEAR
--------- ----
27-OCT-98 1998
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '27-OCT-98' Date1,
3 TO_CHAR('27-OCT-98', 'DD-MON-RRRR') YEAR
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
TO_CHAR('27-OCT-98', 'DD-MON-RRRR') YEAR
*
ERROR at line 3:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '27-OCT-98' Date1,
3 TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('27-OCT-98', 'DD-MON-YY'), 'DD-MON-RRRR') YEAR
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
DATE1 YEAR
--------- -----------
27-OCT-98 27-OCT-2098
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '27-OCT-98' Date1,
3 TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('27-OCT-98', 'DD-MON-RR'), 'DD-MON-RRRR') YEAR
Mobile : 9030750090
4* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
DATE1 YEAR
--------- -----------
27-OCT-98 27-OCT-1998
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'FMDDTH')||' of '||TO_CHAR( SYSDATE, 'Month')||' ,
'||TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'YYYY') Idea
3 FROM DUAL;
IDEA
------------------------
14TH of July , 2010
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'FMDAY' )||'''s Special' "MENU"
3 FROM DUAL;
MENU
-------------------
WEDNESDAY's Special
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('&GiveNumber', 'J'), 'JSP') "Spelled Number"
3 FROM DUAL;
Enter value for givenumber: 1
Spe
---
ONE
SQL> /
Spelled Number
------------------------------------
ONE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED THIRTY-FOUR
SQL> /
Spelled Number
-----------------------------------------------------
TWO HUNDRED FIFTY-SIX THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FORTY-SIX
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
2 'SATISH KUMAR YELLANKI' OrgName,

3 TRANSLATE('SATISH KUMAR YELLANKI',
4 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
5 '1234567890!@#$%^&*()-=_+;,.') EncryptedName
6 FROM DUAL;
ORGNAME ENCRYPTEDNAME
--------------------- ---------------------
SATISH KUMAR YELLANKI (1)9(8 !-#1* ;5@@1$!9
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 '(1)9(8 !-#1* ;5@@1$!9' EncryptName,
3 TRANSLATE('(1)9(8 !-#1* ;5@@1$!9',
4 '1234567890!@#$%^&*()-=_+;,.',
5 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ') DecryptedName
6* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
ENCRYPTNAME DECRYPTEDNAME
--------------------- ---------------------
(1)9(8 !-#1* ;5@@1$!9 SATISH KUMAR YELLANKI
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT AVG(Sal) FROM Emp;
AVG(SAL)
----------
2073.21429
SQL> ED
1* SELECT TRUNC(AVG(Sal), 2) AvgSal FROM Emp

SQL> /
AVGSAL
----------
2073.21
SQL> SELECT AVG(Sal), AVG(DISTINCT Sal) FROM Emp;
AVG(SAL) AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
---------- ----------------
2073.21429 2064.58333
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, AVG(Sal) FROM Emp;

Mobile : 9030750090
SELECT Ename, AVG(Sal) FROM Emp

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00937: not a single-group group function
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT AVG(Comm), AVG(Sal)

2 FROM EMp;
AVG(COMM) AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
550 2073.21429
SQL> ED
1 SELECT AVG(Comm), AVG(NVL(Comm, 0))

2* FROM EMp
SQL> /
AVG(COMM) AVG(NVL(COMM,0))
---------- ----------------
550 157.142857
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT SUM(Sal) FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> SELECT SUM(Sal), SUM(Comm) FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL) SUM(COMM)
---------- ----------
29025 2200
SQL> SELECT SUM(Sal), AVG(Sal) FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL) AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
29025 2073.21429
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = &GDeptno;
Enter value for gdeptno: 10
SUM(SAL)
----------
8750
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT SUM(Sal), AVG(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Deptno = &GDeptno
SQL> /
SUM(SAL) AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
8750 2916.66667
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT MAX(Sal), MIN(Sal)

2 FROM Emp;
MAX(SAL) MIN(SAL)
---------- ----------
5000 800
SQL> SELECT Ename, MAX(Sal)

2 FROM Emp;
SELECT Ename, MAX(Sal)
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> SELECT MAX(Ename), MIN(Ename) FROM Emp;
MAX(ENAME) MIN(ENAME)
---------- ----------
WARD ADAMS
SQL> SELECT MAX(HireDate), MIN(HireDate) FROM Emp;
MAX(HIRED MIN(HIRED
--------- ---------
12-JAN-83 17-DEC-80
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT MAX(Comm), MIN(Comm) FROM Emp;
MAX(COMM) MIN(COMM)
---------- ----------
1400 0
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Emp;
COUNT(*)
Mobile : 9030750090
----------
14
SQL> SELECT COUNT(Empno) FROM Emp;
COUNT(EMPNO)
------------
14
SQL> SELECT COUNT(MGR) FROM Emp;
COUNT(MGR)
----------
13
SQL> SELECT COUNT(Comm) FROM Emp;
COUNT(COMM)
-----------
4
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Deptno FROM Emp;
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Job FROM Emp

2 GROUP BY Job;
JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
SQL> ed
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT SUM(Sal)
2* FROM Emp
3 /
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal)

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal)
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno <> 10
4* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
20 10875
30 9400
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT SUM(Sal)
2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
3* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
SUM(SAL)
----------
8750
10875
9400
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') Year

2 FROM Emp;
YEAR
----
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1980
YEAR
----
1982
1983
1982
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') Year

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY')
SQL> /
YEAR
----
1980
1981
1982
1983
SQL> ED
1 SELECT TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month') Year

2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
3* GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month')

SQL> /
YEAR
---------
April
December
February
January
June
May
November
September
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month')
4* ORDER BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month')
SQL> /
YEAR
---------
April
December
February
January
June
May
November
September
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month')
4* ORDER BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'MM')
SQL> /
ORDER BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'MM')
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression
SQL> SELECT Deptno FROM Emp

2 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO
Mobile : 9030750090
----------
10
20
30
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno FROM Emp

2* GROUP BY Deptno DESC
SQL> /
GROUP BY Deptno DESC
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00933: SQL command not properly ended
SQL> ED

2 GROUP BY Deptno
3* ORDER BY Deptno DESC
SQL> /
DEPTNO
----------
30
20
10
SQL> ED

2 GROUP BY Deptno
3* ORDER BY Job DESC
SQL> /
ORDER BY Job DESC
*
ERROR at line 3:
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month') Month

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month');
MONTH
---------
April
December
February
January
Mobile : 9030750090
June
May
November
September
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'MM') "S.No",
3 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month') Month
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY
6 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'MM'),
7* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month')
SQL> /
S. MONTH
-- ---------
01 January
02 February
04 April
05 May
06 June
09 September
11 November
12 December
8 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
SELECT Deptno, Job
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Deptno, Job
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB
---------- ---------
10 CLERK
10 MANAGER
10 PRESIDENT
Mobile : 9030750090
20 CLERK
20 ANALYST
20 MANAGER
30 CLERK
30 MANAGER
30 SALESMAN
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Deptno, Job FROM Emp;
DEPTNO JOB
---------- ---------
10 CLERK
10 MANAGER
10 PRESIDENT
20 ANALYST
20 CLERK
20 MANAGER
30 CLERK
30 MANAGER
30 SALESMAN
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno, AVG(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT Deptno, AVG(Sal)

2 FROM Emp;
SELECT DISTINCT Deptno, AVG(Sal)
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT Deptno, AVG(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno
4* ORDER BY AVG(Sal)
SQL> /
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
30 1566.66667
20 2175
10 2916.66667
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, AVG(Sal) SalAvg

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno
4* ORDER BY SalAvg
SQL> ./
SP2-0042: unknown command "./" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> /
DEPTNO SALAVG
---------- ----------
30 1566.66667
20 2175
10 2916.66667
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Job, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno, Job;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SUM(SAL)
Mobile : 9030750090
----------
29025
SQL> SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') Year,
3 Deptno, Job, SUM(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY
6 Deptno,
7 Job,
8* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY')
SQL> /
YEAR DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- ---------- --------- ----------
1982 10 CLERK 1300
1981 10 MANAGER 2450
1981 10 PRESIDENT 5000
1980 20 CLERK 800
1983 20 CLERK 1100
1981 20 ANALYST 3000
1982 20 ANALYST 3000
1981 20 MANAGER 2975
1981 30 CLERK 950
1981 30 MANAGER 2850
Mobile : 9030750090
1981 30 SALESMAN 5600
11 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Q') Quarter,
5 FROM Emp
6 GROUP BY
7 Deptno,
8 Job,
9 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'),
10* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Q')
SQL> /
YEAR Q DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - ---------- --------- ----------
1982 1 10 CLERK 1300
1981 2 10 MANAGER 2450
1981 4 10 PRESIDENT 5000
1980 4 20 CLERK 800
1983 1 20 CLERK 1100
1981 4 20 ANALYST 3000
1982 4 20 ANALYST 3000
1981 2 20 MANAGER 2975
1981 4 30 CLERK 950
1981 2 30 MANAGER 2850
1981 1 30 SALESMAN 2850
YEAR Q DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - ---------- --------- ----------
1981 3 30 SALESMAN 2750
12 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'FMMonth') Month,
6 FROM Emp
7 GROUP BY
8 Deptno,
9 Job,
11 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Q'),
12* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'FMMonth')
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
YEAR Q MONTH DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - --------- ---------- --------- ----------
1982 1 January 10 CLERK 1300
1981 2 June 10 MANAGER 2450
1981 4 November 10 PRESIDENT 5000
1980 4 December 20 CLERK 800
1983 1 January 20 CLERK 1100
1981 4 December 20 ANALYST 3000
1982 4 December 20 ANALYST 3000
1981 2 April 20 MANAGER 2975
1981 4 December 30 CLERK 950
1981 2 May 30 MANAGER 2850
1981 1 February 30 SALESMAN 2850
YEAR Q MONTH DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - --------- ---------- --------- ----------
1981 3 September 30 SALESMAN 2750
12 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
5 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'W') Week,
7 FROM Emp
8 GROUP BY
9 Deptno,
10 Job,
13 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'FMMonth'),
14* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'W')
SQL> /
YEAR Q MONTH W DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - --------- - ---------- --------- ----------
1982 1 January 4 10 CLERK 1300
1981 2 June 2 10 MANAGER 2450
1981 4 November 3 10 PRESIDENT 5000
1980 4 December 3 20 CLERK 800
1983 1 January 2 20 CLERK 1100
1981 4 December 1 20 ANALYST 3000
1982 4 December 2 20 ANALYST 3000
1981 2 April 1 20 MANAGER 2975
1981 4 December 1 30 CLERK 950
1981 2 May 1 30 MANAGER 2850
1981 1 February 3 30 SALESMAN 1600
YEAR Q MONTH W DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - --------- - ---------- --------- ----------
1981 1 February 4 30 SALESMAN 1250
Mobile : 9030750090
1981 3 September 2 30 SALESMAN 1500

1981 3 September 4 30 SALESMAN 1250
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
5 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'W') Week,
6 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'FMDay') Day,
8 FROM Emp
9 GROUP BY
10 Deptno,
11 Job,
14 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'FMMonth'),
15 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'W'),
16* TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'FMDay')
SQL> /
YEAR Q MONTH W DAY DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - --------- - --------- ---------- --------- ----------
1982 1 January 4 Saturday 10 CLERK 1300
1981 2 June 2 Tuesday 10 MANAGER 2450
1981 4 November 3 Tuesday 10 PRESIDENT 5000
1980 4 December 3 Wednesday 20 CLERK 800
1983 1 January 2 Wednesday 20 CLERK 1100
1981 4 December 1 Thursday 20 ANALYST 3000
1982 4 December 2 Thursday 20 ANALYST 3000
1981 2 April 1 Thursday 20 MANAGER 2975
1981 4 December 1 Thursday 30 CLERK 950
1981 2 May 1 Friday 30 MANAGER 2850
1981 1 February 3 Friday 30 SALESMAN 1600
YEAR Q MONTH W DAY DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---- - --------- - --------- ---------- --------- ----------
1981 1 February 4 Sunday 30 SALESMAN 1250
1981 3 September 2 Tuesday 30 SALESMAN 1500
1981 3 September 4 Monday 30 SALESMAN 1250
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 AVG(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno
6 HAVING MAX(Sal) > 2900;
Mobile : 9030750090
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno
3 FROM Emp
4 /
DEPTNO
----------
10
30
10
20
30
30
30
30
30
20
20
DEPTNO
----------
20
20
10
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno
3 FROM Emp
4 GROUP BY Deptno
5 /
DEPTNO
----------
10
20
30
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 AVG(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno
6 /
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
Mobile : 9030750090
30 1566.66667
SQL> SELECT Deptno, MAX(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 5000
20 3000
30 2850
SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 AVG(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno
6 HAVING MAX(Sal) > 2900;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Job,
3 SUM(Sal) Payroll
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Job NOT LIKE 'SALES%'
6 GROUP BY Job
7 HAVING SUM(Sal) > 5000
8 ORDER BY SUM(Sal);
JOB PAYROLL
--------- ----------
ANALYST 6000
MANAGER 8275
SQL> SELECT
2 Job
3 FROM Emp
4 /
JOB
---------
PRESIDENT
MANAGER
MANAGER
MANAGER
SALESMAN
Mobile : 9030750090
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
CLERK
SALESMAN
ANALYST
CLERK
JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Job
3 FROM Emp
5 /
JOB
---------
PRESIDENT
MANAGER
MANAGER
MANAGER
CLERK
ANALYST
CLERK
ANALYST
CLERK
CLERK
10 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 Job
3 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Job
6 /
JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SQL> SELECT
2 Job,
3 SUM(Sal) Payroll
4 FROM Emp
6 GROUP BY Job
Mobile : 9030750090
7 /
JOB PAYROLL
--------- ----------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 MIN(Sal),
4 MAX(Sal)
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Job = 'CLERK'
7 GROUP BY Deptno
8 HAVING MIN(Sal) < 1000;
DEPTNO MIN(SAL) MAX(SAL)

---------- ---------- ----------
20 800 1100
30 950 950
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 SUM(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno
6 HAVING COUNT(Deptno) > 3;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
20 10875
30 9400
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 AVG(Sal),
4 SUM(Sal)
5 FROM Emp
6 GROUP BY Deptno
7 HAVING AVG (Sal) > 2500;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL) SUM(SAL)

---------- ---------- ----------
10 2916.66667 8750
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal),
5 AVG(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
7 GROUP BY Deptno, Job
8 HAVING AVG(Sal) > 2500;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL) AVG(SAL)

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
10 PRESIDENT 5000 5000
20 ANALYST 6000 3000
20 MANAGER 2975 2975
30 MANAGER 2850 2850
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal),
5 AVG(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
8* HAVING AVG(Sal) > 2500 AND AVG(Sal) < 3000
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
20 MANAGER 2975 2975
30 MANAGER 2850 2850
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal),
5 AVG(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
8* HAVING AVG(Sal) BETWEEN 2500 AND 3000
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
20 ANALYST 6000 3000
20 MANAGER 2975 2975
30 MANAGER 2850 2850
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal),
5 AVG(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
8* HAVING AVG(Sal) IN(2850, 3000)
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
20 ANALYST 6000 3000
30 MANAGER 2850 2850
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal),
5 AVG(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
8* HAVING AVG(Sal) > 2500 AND SUM(Sal) < 6000
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
10 PRESIDENT 5000 5000
20 MANAGER 2975 2975
30 MANAGER 2850 2850
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal),
5 AVG(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
8* HAVING AVG(Sal) > 2500 AND SUM(Sal) < 6000 AND COUNT(*) > 2
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO AVG(SAL)
---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
SQL> SELECT MAX(AVG(Sal))

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
MAX(AVG(SAL))
-------------
2916.66667
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, MAX(AVG(Sal))

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
SELECT Deptno, MAX(AVG(Sal))
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT SUM(SUM(Sal))

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
SUM(SUM(SAL))
-------------
29025
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 GREATEST('HARRY', 'HARRIOT')
3 FROM DUAL;
GREAT
-----
HARRY
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LEAST('HARRY', 'HARRIOT')
Mobile : 9030750090
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
LEAST('
-------
HARRIOT
SQL> SELECT
2 GREATEST(1000, 2000, 200)
3 FROM DUAL;
GREATEST(1000,2000,200)
-----------------------
2000
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LEAST(1000, 2000, 200)
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
LEAST(1000,2000,200)
--------------------
200
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 GREATEST('10-JUL-05', '20-JUL-05')
3 FROM DUAL;
GREATEST(
---------
20-JUL-05
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LEAST('10-JUL-05', '20-JUL-05')
3* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
LEAST('10
---------
10-JUL-05
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SHOW USER

USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> SELECT USER FROM DUAL;
USER
Mobile : 9030750090
------------------------------
SCOTT
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SHOW USER

USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> SHOW UID
SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "UID"
SQL> SELECT USER, UID FROM DUAL;
USER UID
------------------------------ ----------
SCOTT 57
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT USER, USERENV('ISDBA') UserEnv

2 FROM Emp;
USER USEREN
------------------------------ ------
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
USER USEREN
------------------------------ ------
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
SCOTT FALSE
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT USER, USERENV('ISDBA') UserEnv

2* FROM DUAL
SQL> /
USER USEREN
------------------------------ ------
SCOTT FALSE
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT USER, USERENV('LANGUAGE') UserEnv FROM DUAL;

Mobile : 9030750090
USER
------------------------------
USERENV
----------------------------------------------------
SCOTT
AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252
SQL> SELECT USER, USERENV('TERMIMAL') UserEnv FROM DUAL;

SELECT USER, USERENV('TERMIMAL') UserEnv FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02003: invalid USERENV parameter
SQL> SELECT USER, USERENV('TERMINAL') UserEnv FROM DUAL;
USER USERENV
------------------------------ ----------------
SCOTT NIT
SQL> SELECT USER, USERENV('SESSIONID') UserEnv FROM DUAL;
USER USERENV
------------------------------ ----------
SCOTT 4355
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT VSIZE(&GValue) MemorySize FROM DUAL;

Enter value for gvalue: SAMPLE
old 1: SELECT VSIZE(&GValue) MemorySize FROM DUAL
new 1: SELECT VSIZE(SAMPLE) MemorySize FROM DUAL
SELECT VSIZE(SAMPLE) MemorySize FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "SAMPLE": invalid identifier
SQL> /
Enter value for gvalue: 'SAMPLE'
old 1: SELECT VSIZE(&GValue) MemorySize FROM DUAL
new 1: SELECT VSIZE('SAMPLE') MemorySize FROM DUAL
MEMORYSIZE
----------
6
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> R
1* SELECT VSIZE(&GValue) MemorySize FROM DUAL
Enter value for gvalue: 'Sample Data For Demo'

Mobile : 9030750090
MEMORYSIZE
----------
20
SQL> /
Enter value for gvalue: 1
MEMORYSIZE
----------
2
SQL> /
MEMORYSIZE
----------
2
SQL> /
MEMORYSIZE
----------
3
SQL> /
Enter value for gvalue: 234.567
MEMORYSIZE
----------
5
SQL> /
Enter value for gvalue: 543456.8765676
MEMORYSIZE
----------
8
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename||' You Are Occupying '||TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(VSIZE(Ename), 'J'), 'JSP')||'
Bytes of Memory Space.' Ename
3 FROM Emp;
ENAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING You Are Occupying FOUR Bytes of Memory Space.
BLAKE You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
CLARK You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
JONES You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
MARTIN You Are Occupying SIX Bytes of Memory Space.
ALLEN You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
TURNER You Are Occupying SIX Bytes of Memory Space.
JAMES You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
Mobile : 9030750090
WARD You Are Occupying FOUR Bytes of Memory Space.

FORD You Are Occupying FOUR Bytes of Memory Space.
SMITH You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
ENAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
ADAMS You Are Occupying FIVE Bytes of Memory Space.
MILLER You Are Occupying SIX Bytes of Memory Space.
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename||' You Are Occupying '||TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(VSIZE(Ename), 'J'), 'JSP')||'
Bytes of Memory Space.' Ename
3 FROM Emp
4* WHERE VSIZE(Ename) = 4
SQL> /
ENAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING You Are Occupying FOUR Bytes of Memory Space.
WARD You Are Occupying FOUR Bytes of Memory Space.
FORD You Are Occupying FOUR Bytes of Memory Space.
SQL> cl scr

SQL> COLUMN Ename FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN Job FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN HireDate FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN Total FORMAT 999
SQL> SELECT
2 SUM(VSIZE(Empno)) Empno,
3 SUM(VSIZE(Ename)) Ename,
4 SUM(VSIZE(Deptno)) Deptno,
5 SUM(VSIZE(Job)) Job,
6 SUM(VSIZE(MGR)) MGR,
7 SUM(VSIZE(Sal)) Sal,
8 SUM(VSIZE(Comm)) Comm,
9 SUM(VSIZE(HireDate)) HireDate,
10 SUM(VSIZE(Empno)) +
11 SUM(VSIZE(Ename)) +
12 SUM(VSIZE(Deptno)) +
13 SUM(VSIZE(Job)) +
14 SUM(VSIZE(MGR)) +
15 SUM(VSIZE(Sal)) +
16 SUM(VSIZE(Comm)) +
17 SUM(VSIZE(HireDate)) Total
Mobile : 9030750090
18 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO JOB MGR SAL COMM HIREDATE TOTAL

----- ----- ------ --- --- --- ---- -------- -----
41 70 28 96 39 34 7 98 413
SQL> SELECT VSIZE(HireDate) FROM Emp WHERE Ename = 'KING';
VSIZE(HIREDATE)
---------------
7
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job = 'manager';
no rows selected
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE LOWER(Job) = 'manager'
SQL> /

---------- --- ------ ---------
BLAKE ### 30 MANAGER
CLARK ### 10 MANAGER
JONES ### 20 MANAGER

SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job = UPPER('manager')
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Job = 'manger'
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE SOUNDEX(Job) = SOUNDEX('manger')
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE SOUNDEX(Job) = SOUNDEX('clrk')
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE SOUNDEX(Ename) = SOUNDEX('smythe')
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE SOUNDEX(Ename) = SOUNDEX('Kng')
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ ---------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job, SOUNDEX('Kng'), SOUNDEX(Ename)

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE SOUNDEX(Ename) = SOUNDEX('Kng')
SQL> /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB SOUN SOUN

---------- ----- ------ --------- ---- ----
KING 5000 10 PRESIDENT K520 K520
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleNN01

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleNN01_SampID_NN NOT NULL,
6 CONSTRAINT SampleNN01_SampName_NN NOT NULL,
7 SampDate DATE
8 );
Table created.
SQL> DESC SampleNN01

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SAMPID NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
SAMPNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
SAMPDATE DATE
SQL> INSERT INTO SampleNN01

2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE);
VALUES(NULL, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLENN01"."SAMPID")

2 VALUES(2, NULL, SYSDATE);
VALUES(2, NULL, SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLENN01"."SAMPNAME")

2 VALUES(2, 'SAMPLE02', NULL);
1 row created.
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE SampleNN02

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 CONSTRAINT SampleNN02_SampName_NN NOT NULL,
6 SampDate DATE,
Mobile : 9030750090
7 CONSTRAINT SampleNN02_SampID_NN NOT NULL(SampID)

8* )
SQL> /
CONSTRAINT SampleNN02_SampID_NN NOT NULL(SampID)
*
ERROR at line 7:
ORA-00904: : invalid identifier
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampUNQ01

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampUNQ01_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE,
5 SampName VARCHAR2(10),
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO SampUNQ01

1 row created.

INSERT INTO SampUNQ01
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPUNQ01_SAMPID_UNQ) violated

1 row created.

1 row created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE SampUNQ02

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE,
6 CONSTRAINT SampUNQ02_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE(SampID)
Mobile : 9030750090
7* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 CONSTRAINT SampUNQ03_SampName_UNQ UNIQUE,
7 SampDate DATE
8* )
SQL> /
Table created.

1 row created.

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPUNQ03_SAMPNAME_UNQ) violated

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPUNQ03_SAMPID_UNQ) violated

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.
Mobile : 9030750090

1 row created.

1 row created.

2 VALUES(NULL, NULL, SYSDATE);
1 row created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE,
6 CONSTRAINT SampUNQ04_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE(SampID),
7 CONSTRAINT SampUNQ04_SampName_UNQ UNIQUE(SampName)
8* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE,
6 CONSTRAINT SampUNQ05_SampIDName_UNQ
7 UNIQUE(SampID, SampName)
8* )
SQL> /
Table created.

1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPUNQ05_SAMPIDNAME_UNQ) violated

1 row created.

1 row created.
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 SampDate DATE,
7 CONSTRAINT SampUNQ06_SampIDName_UNQ
9* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> CREATE TABLE SamplePK01

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SamplePK01_SampID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.
SQL> DESC SamplePK01

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SAMPID NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
SAMPNAME VARCHAR2(10)
SAMPDATE DATE
SQL> INSERT INTO SamplePK01

1 row created.

INSERT INTO SamplePK01
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLEPK01_SAMPID_PK) violated

*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLEPK01"."SAMPID")
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE SamplePK02

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE,
6 CONSTRAINT SamplePK02_SampID_PK
7 PRIMARY KEY(SampID)
8* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 CONSTRAINT SamplePK03_SampName_PK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE,
9* )
SQL> /
PRIMARY KEY(SampID)
*
ERROR at line 8:
ORA-02260: table can have only one primary key
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 CONSTRAINT SamplePK03_SampName_NN NOT NULL
6 CONSTRAINT SamplePK03_SampName_UNQ UNIQUE,
7 SampDate DATE,
10* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 CONSTRAINT SamplePK04_SampName_NN NOT NULL,
6 SampDate DATE,
8 PRIMARY KEY(SampID),
9 CONSTRAINT SamplePK04_SampName_UNQ
10 UNIQUE(SampName)
11* )
SQL> /
Table created.

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
Mobile : 9030750090
5 SampDate DATE,
6 CONSTRAINT SamplePK05_SampIDName_PK
7 PRIMARY KEY(SampID, SammName)
8 );
PRIMARY KEY(SampID, SammName)
*
ERROR at line 7:
ORA-00904: "SAMMNAME": invalid identifier
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE,
7 PRIMARY KEY(SampID, SampName)
8* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTo SamplePK05

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLEPK05"."SAMPID")

VALUES(3, NULL, SYSDATE)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLEPK05"."SAMPNAME")
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SamplePK06_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE,
6 SampDate DATE,
9* )
SQL> /
CONSTRAINT SamplePK06_SampID_UNQ UNIQUE,
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-02261: such unique or primary key already exists in the table
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 SampDate DATE,
9* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 CONSTRAINT SamplePK07_SampName_UNQ UNIQUE,
7 SampDate DATE,
10* )
SQL> /
Table created.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE,
7 PRIMARY KEY(SampID, SampName),
8 CONSTRAINT SamplePK08_SampIDName_UNQ
10* )
SQL> /
UNIQUE(SampID, SampName)
*
ERROR at line 9:
ORA-02261: such unique or primary key already exists in the table
SQL> SPOOL OFF


------------------------------ ------- ----------
SAMPLEPK01 TABLE
SAMPLEPK02 TABLE
SAMPLEPK03 TABLE
SAMPLEPK04 TABLE
SAMPLEPK05 TABLE
SAMPLEPK06 TABLE
SAMPLEPK07 TABLE
EMPLOYEES VIEW
EMPINFO VIEW
EMPGRADES VIEW
EMPMANAGERS VIEW

------------------------------ ------- ----------
EMPACCOUNTS VIEW
CUMSUM VIEW
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORD TABLE
ITEM TABLE

------------------------------ ------- ----------
PRODUCT TABLE
Mobile : 9030750090
PRICE TABLE
SALES VIEW
25 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE MyDept

2 (
3 Deptno NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT MyDept_Deptno_PK PRIMARY KEY,
5 Dname VARCHAR2(16)
6 CONSTRAINT MyDept_Dname_NN NOT NULL,
7 Loc VARCHAR2(16)
8 CONSTRAINT MyDept_Loc_NN NOT NULL
9 );
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE MyEmp

2 (
3 Empno NUMBER(4)
4 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Empno_PK PRIMARY KEY,
5 Ename VARCHAR2(10)
6 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Ename_NN NOT NULL,
7 Job VARCHAR2(14)
8 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Job_NN NOT NULL,
9 HireDate DATE
10 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_HireDate_NN NOT NULL,
11 MGR NUMBER(4)
12 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_MGR_FK
13 REFERENCES MyEmp(Empno)
14 ON DELETE SET NULL,
15 Sal NUMBER(7, 2)
16 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Sal_NN NOT NULL,
17 Comm NUMBER(7, 2),
18 DeptID NUMBER(2)
19 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_DeptID_NN NOT NULL
20 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_DeptID_FK
21 REFERENCES MyDept(Deptno)
22 ON DELETE CASCADE
23 );
Table created.
SQL> DESC Dept

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> DESC MyDept

Name Null? Type
Mobile : 9030750090
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

DNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(16)
LOC NOT NULL VARCHAR2(16)
SQL> DESC Emp

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> DESC MyEmp

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
JOB NOT NULL VARCHAR2(14)
HIREDATE NOT NULL DATE
MGR NUMBER(4)
SAL NOT NULL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTID NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
SQL> INSERT INTO MyEmp

2 VALUES(1230, 'SAMPLE01', 'MANAGER', SYSDATE,
3
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleFK01

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleFK01_SampID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE,
7 SampIDFK NUMBER(2)
8 CONSTRAINT SampleFK01_SampIDFK_FK
9 REFERENCES SamplePK01(SampID)
10 );

Mobile : 9030750090
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO SampleFK01

2 VALUES(20, 'SAMPLE20', SYSDATE, NULL);
1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

2 VALUES(21, 'SAMPLE21', SYSDATE, 10);
1 row created.

INSERT INTO SampleFK01
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLEFK01_SAMPIDFK_FK) violated -
parent key not found

1 row created.

1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM SamplePK01;
SAMPID SAMPNAME SAMPDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
10 SAMPLE10 23-JUN-10
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampleFK01;
SAMPID SAMPNAME SAMPDATE SAMPIDFK

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
21 SAMPLE21 23-JUN-10 10
22 SAMPLE22 23-JUN-10 10
23 SAMPLE23 23-JUN-10 12
SQL> DELETE FROM SamplePK01

1 row deleted.

DELETE FROM SamplePK01
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02292: integrity constraint (SCOTT.SAMPLEFK01_SAMPIDFK_FK) violated - child
record found
SQL> DELETE FROM SampleFK01

1 row deleted.
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleFK02_SampID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE,
8 CONSTRAINT SampleFK02_SampIDFK_FK
10 ON DELETE SET NULL
Mobile : 9030750090
11 );
Table created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

---------- ---------- ---------

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
10 SAMPLE10 23-JUN-10 1
11 SAMPLE11 23-JUN-10 2
12 SAMPLE12 23-JUN-10 2
13 SAMPLE13 23-JUN-10 2
Mobile : 9030750090

2 WHERE SampID = 2;
1 row deleted.

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
10 SAMPLE10 23-JUN-10 1
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleFK03_1

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleFK03_1_SampID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE,
8 CONSTRAINT SampleFK03_1_SampIDFK_FK
11 );
Table created.
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE SampleFK03_2

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleFK03_2_SampID_PK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE,
8 CONSTRAINT SampleFK03_2_SampIDFK_FK
11* )
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
Table created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> INSERT INTO SampleFK03_1

1 row created.

1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.

1 row created.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> cl scr

---------- ---------- ---------
7 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampleFK03_1;

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
20 SAMPLE20 23-JUN-10 10
21 SAMPLE21 23-JUN-10 10
22 SAMPLE22 23-JUN-10 10
23 SAMPLE23 23-JUN-10 12
24 SAMPLE24 23-JUN-10 12
25 SAMPLE25 23-JUN-10 13
26 SAMPLE26 23-JUN-10 13
27 SAMPLE27 23-JUN-10 13
28 SAMPLE28 23-JUN-10 15
9 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
30 SAMPLE30 23-JUN-10 10
31 SAMPLE31 23-JUN-10 10
32 SAMPLE32 23-JUN-10 11
33 SAMPLE33 23-JUN-10 11
34 SAMPLE34 23-JUN-10 14
35 SAMPLE35 23-JUN-10 14
36 SAMPLE36 23-JUN-10 14
37 SAMPLE37 23-JUN-10 15
8 rows selected.

1 row deleted.

1 row deleted.

---------- ---------- ---------

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
20 SAMPLE20 23-JUN-10 10
21 SAMPLE21 23-JUN-10 10
22 SAMPLE22 23-JUN-10 10
25 SAMPLE25 23-JUN-10 13
26 SAMPLE26 23-JUN-10 13
27 SAMPLE27 23-JUN-10 13
28 SAMPLE28 23-JUN-10 15
7 rows selected.

1 row deleted.

Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
30 SAMPLE30 23-JUN-10 10
31 SAMPLE31 23-JUN-10 10
32 SAMPLE32 23-JUN-10 11
33 SAMPLE33 23-JUN-10 11
37 SAMPLE37 23-JUN-10 15
8 rows selected.

1 row deleted.

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
25 SAMPLE25 23-JUN-10 13
26 SAMPLE26 23-JUN-10 13
27 SAMPLE27 23-JUN-10 13
28 SAMPLE28 23-JUN-10 15

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
32 SAMPLE32 23-JUN-10 11
33 SAMPLE33 23-JUN-10 11
37 SAMPLE37 23-JUN-10 15
8 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SamplePK04Self

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SamplePK04Self_SampIDPK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE,
8 CONSTRAINT SamplePK04Self_SampIDFK
9 REFERENCES SamplePK04Self(SampID)
11 );
Mobile : 9030750090
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO SamplePK04Self

1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO SamplePK04Self

1 row created.
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE SamplePK04Self1

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SamplePK04Self1_SampIDPK PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE,
8 CONSTRAINT SamplePK04Self1_SampIDNN NOT NULL
9 CONSTRAINT SamplePK04Self1_SampIDFK
10 REFERENCES SamplePK04Self1(SampID)
12* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO SamplePK04Self1

VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE, NULL)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."SAMPLEPK04SELF1"."SAMPIDFK")

1 row created.

1 row created.
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090
------------------------------ ------- ----------

DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORD TABLE
ITEM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
PRICE TABLE
EMPLOYEES VIEW

------------------------------ ------- ----------
EMPINFO VIEW
EMPGRADES VIEW
EMPMANAGERS VIEW
EMPACCOUNTS VIEW
CUMSUM VIEW
SALES VIEW
MYDEPT TABLE
MYEMP TABLE
SAMPLEPK01 TABLE
SAMPLEFK01 TABLE

------------------------------ ------- ----------
SAMPLEPK02 TABLE
SAMPLEFK02 TABLE
SAMPLEPK03 TABLE
SAMPLEFK03_1 TABLE
SAMPLEFK03_2 TABLE
SAMPLEPK04SELF TABLE
SAMPLEPK04SELF1 TABLE
29 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleFK04_SampID_FK
Mobile : 9030750090
5 REFERENCES SamplePK04(SampID),
7 SampDate DATE,
8 CONSTRAINT SampleFK04_SampID_PK
10 );
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleFK04_1

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleFK04_1_SampID_FK
5 REFERENCES SampleFK04(SampID),
7 );
Table created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleCKPK01

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 ,SampName VARCHAR2(10)
5 ,SampDate DATE
6 ,CONSTRAINT SampleCKPK01_SampIDName_CKPK
8 );
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleCKFK01

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE,
6 CONSTRAINT SampleCKFK01_SampIDNameCKFK
7 FOREIGN KEY(SampID, SampName)
8 REFERENCES SampleCKPK01(SampID, SampName)
9 );
Table created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SamplePKUNQ

2 (
3 SampIDPK NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SamplePKUNQ_SampIDPK_PK PRIMARY KEY,
5 SampIDUNQ1 NUMBER(2)
6 CONSTRAINT SamplePKUNQ_SampIDUNQ_UNQ UNIQUE,
7 SampDate DATE
8 );

Mobile : 9030750090
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleFK

2 (
3 SampIDFKPK NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleFK_SampIDFKPK_FK
5 REFERENCES SamplePKUNQ(SampIDPK),
6 SampIDFKUNQ NUMBER(2)
7 CONSTRAINT SampleFK_SampIDFKUNQ_FK
8 REFERENCES SamplePKUNQ(SampIDUNQ1)
9 );
Table created.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE MyDept

2 (
3 Deptno NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT MyDept_Deptno_PK PRIMARY KEY
5 CONSTRAINT MyDept_Deptno_CHK01
6 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
7 DName VARCHAR2(16)
8 CONSTRAINT MyDept_DName_NN NOT NULL
9 DEFAULT 'NOT GIVEN'
10 CONSTRAINT MyDept_DName_UNQ UNIQUE
11 CONSTRAINT MyDept_DName_CHK01
12 CHECK(DName = UPPER(DName)),
13 Loc VARCHAR2(14)
16 CONSTRAINT MyDept_Loc_CHK01
17 CHECK(Loc IN('NEW YORK', 'BOSTON', 'CHICAGO', 'DALLAS'))
18 );
DEFAULT 'NOT GIVEN'
*
ERROR at line 9:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE MyDept

2 (
3 Deptno NUMBER(2)
6 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
9 DEFAULT 'NOT GIVEN')
Mobile : 9030750090
13 Loc VARCHAR2(14)
18* )
SQL> /
DEFAULT 'NOT GIVEN')
*
ERROR at line 9:
SQL> ED

2 (
3 Deptno NUMBER(2)
6 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
9 (DEFAULT 'NOT GIVEN')
13 Loc VARCHAR2(14)
18* )
SQL> /
(DEFAULT 'NOT GIVEN')
*
ERROR at line 9:
SQL> ED

2 (
3 Deptno NUMBER(2)
6 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
Mobile : 9030750090
13 Loc VARCHAR2(14)
18* )
SQL> /
DEFAULT 'NOT GIVEN'
*
ERROR at line 15:
SQL> ED

2 (
3 Deptno NUMBER(2)
6 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
8 DEFAULT 'Not Given'
13 Loc VARCHAR2(14)
18* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO MyDept

2 VALUES(1, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO MyDept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.MYDEPT_DEPTNO_CHK01) violated

1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090
INSERT INTO MyDept

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.MYDEPT_DEPTNO_CHK01) violated

INSERT INTO MyDept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.MYDEPT_DNAME_UNQ) violated

2 VALUES(20, 'RESEARCH', 'BOSTON');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(30, 'SALES', 'Chicago');
INSERT INTO MyDept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.MYDEPT_LOC_CHK01) violated

2 VALUES(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(40, 'OPERATIONS');
INSERT INTO MyDept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00947: not enough values
SQL> INSERT INTO MyDept(Deptno, Loc)

2 VALUES(50, 'BOSTON');
INSERT INTO MyDept(Deptno, Loc)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.MYDEPT_DNAME_CHK01) violated
SQL> INSERT INTO MyDept(Deptno, DName)

2 VALUES(40, 'OPEARTIONS');
INSERT INTO MyDept(Deptno, DName)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SCOTT.MYDEPT_LOC_CHK01) violated

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 INSERT INTO MyDept(Deptno, DName)

2* VALUES(40, 'OPEARTIONS')
SQL> DROP TABLE MyDept;
Table dropped.
SQL> ED

2 (
3 Deptno NUMBER(2)
6 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
13 Loc VARCHAR2(14)
17 CHECK(Loc IN('NEW YORK', 'BOSTON', 'CHICAGO', 'DALLAS', 'NOT GIVEN'))
18* )
SQL> /
Table created.

2 VALUES(10, 'OPERATIONS');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(20, 'BOSTON');
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM MyDept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- ---------------- --------------
10 OPERATIONS NOT GIVEN
20 NOT GIVEN BOSTON

2 VALUES(30, 'ACCOUNTING');

Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM MyDept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- ---------------- --------------
10 OPERATIONS NOT GIVEN
20 NOT GIVEN BOSTON
30 ACCOUNTING NOT GIVEN

2
2 VALUES(40, 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO MyDept(Deptno, Loc)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.MYDEPT_DNAME_UNQ) violated
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE MyEmp

2 (
3 Empno NUMBER(4)
4 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Empno_PK PRIMARY KEY
5 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Empno_CHK01
6 CHECK(Empno >= 1000 AND Empno <= 4000),
9 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Ename_NN NOT NULL
10 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Ename_CHK01
11 CHECK(EName = UPPER(EName)),
12 Job VARCHAR2(14)
14 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Job_NN NOT NULL
15 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Job_CHK01
16 CHECK(Job IN('PRESIDENT', 'MANAGER', 'ANALYST', 'SALESMAN', 'CLERK', 'NOT
GIVEN')),
17 MGR NUMBER(4)
18 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_MGR_CHK01
19 CHECK(MGR >= 1000 AND MGR <= 4000),
20 Sal NUMBER(7, 2)
21 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Sal_NN NOT NULL
22 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Sal_CHK01
23 CHECK(Sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 90000),
25 HireDate DATE
26 DEFAULT SYSDATE
28 Deptno NUMBER(2)
29 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Deptno_NN NOT NULL
30 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Deptno_CHK
31 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90))
32 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Deptno_FK
Mobile : 9030750090
33 RFERENCES MyDept(Deptno),
34 CONSTRAINT MyEmpSalAndComm_CHK
35 CHECK(Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) <= 90000)
36 );
CONSTRAINT MyEmp_Deptno_FK
*
ERROR at line 32:
ORA-02253: constraint specification not allowed here
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE MyEmp

2 (
3 Empno NUMBER(4)
12 Job VARCHAR2(14)
GIVEN')),
17 MGR NUMBER(4)
19 CHECK(MGR >= 1000 AND MGR <= 4000),
20 Sal NUMBER(7, 2)
25 HireDate DATE
26 DEFAULT SYSDATE
28 Deptno NUMBER(2)
31 RFERENCES MyDept(Deptno)
33 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
36* )
SQL> /
*
ERROR at line 30:
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 (
3 Empno NUMBER(4)
12 Job VARCHAR2(14)
GIVEN')),
17 MGR NUMBER(4)
19 CHECK(MGR >= 1000 AND MGR <= 4000),
20 Sal NUMBER(7, 2)
25 HireDate DATE
26 DEFAULT SYSDATE
28 Deptno NUMBER(2)
31 RFERENCES MyDept(Deptno),
34* )
SQL> /
*
ERROR at line 30:
SQL> ED

2 (
3 Empno NUMBER(4)
Mobile : 9030750090

12 Job VARCHAR2(14)
GIVEN')),
17 MGR NUMBER(4)
19 CHECK(MGR >= 1000 AND MGR <= 4000),
20 Sal NUMBER(7, 2)
25 HireDate DATE
26 DEFAULT SYSDATE
28 Deptno NUMBER(2)
31 REFERENCES MyDept(Deptno)
33 CHECK(Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
36* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ALTER TABLE MyEmp

2 ADD
3 (
4 CONSTRAINT MyEmp_MGR_FK
5 FOREIGN KEY(MGR)
6 REFERENCES MyEmp(Empno)
8 );
Table altered.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleALT

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE
6 );
Mobile : 9030750090
Table created.
SQL> ALTER TABLE SampleALT

2 ADD(
3
2 ADD
3 (
4 CONSTRAINT SampleALT_SampID_PK
5 PRIMARY KEY(SampID),
6 CONSTRAINT SampleALT_SampID_CHK
7 CHECK(SampID >= 10),
8 CONSTRAINT SampleALT_SampName_CHK
9 CHECK(SampName = UPPER(SampName))
10 );
Table altered.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC USER_CONSTRAINTS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT_TYPE VARCHAR2(1)
TABLE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SEARCH_CONDITION LONG
R_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
R_CONSTRAINT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
DELETE_RULE VARCHAR2(9)
STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
DEFERRABLE VARCHAR2(14)
DEFERRED VARCHAR2(9)
VALIDATED VARCHAR2(13)
GENERATED VARCHAR2(14)
BAD VARCHAR2(3)
RELY VARCHAR2(4)
LAST_CHANGE DATE
INDEX_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
INDEX_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
INVALID VARCHAR2(7)
VIEW_RELATED VARCHAR2(14)
SQL> COLUMN CONSTRAINT_NAME FORMAT A20

SQL> COLUMN TABLE_NAME FORMAT A15
SQL> COLUMN SEARCH_CONDITION FORMAT A25
SQL> SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, TABLE_NAME, SEARCH_CONDITION
2 FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'SAMPLEALT';
CONSTRAINT_NAME C TABLE_NAME SEARCH_CONDITION

-------------------- - --------------- -------------------------
SAMPLEALT_SAMPID_PK P SAMPLEALT
Mobile : 9030750090
SAMPLEALT_SAMPID_CHK C SAMPLEALT SampID >= 10

SAMPLEALT_SAMPNAME_C C SAMPLEALT SampName = UPPER(SampName
HK )
SQL> DESC USER_CONS_COLUMS

ERROR:
ORA-04043: object USER_CONS_COLUMS does not exist
SQL> DESC USER_CONS_COLUMNS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
COLUMN_NAME VARCHAR2(4000)
POSITION NUMBER
SQL> DESC MYEmp

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
JOB NOT NULL VARCHAR2(14)
MGR NUMBER(4)
SAL NOT NULL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
HIREDATE NOT NULL DATE
SQL> SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, TABLE_NAME, SEARCH_CONDITION

2 FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS
3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'MYEMP';

-------------------- - --------------- -------------------------
MYEMP_ENAME_NN C MYEMP "ENAME" IS NOT NULL
MYEMP_JOB_NN C MYEMP "JOB" IS NOT NULL
MYEMP_SAL_NN C MYEMP "SAL" IS NOT NULL
MYEMP_HIREDATE_NN C MYEMP "HIREDATE" IS NOT NULL
MYEMP_DEPTNO_NN C MYEMP "DEPTNO" IS NOT NULL
MYEMP_EMPNO_CHK01 C MYEMP Empno >= 1000 AND Empno <
= 4000
MYEMP_ENAME_CHK01 C MYEMP EName = UPPER(EName)

MYEMP_JOB_CHK01 C MYEMP Job IN('PRESIDENT', 'MANA
GER', 'ANALYST', 'SALESMA

-------------------- - --------------- -------------------------
N', 'CLERK', 'NOT GIVEN')
MYEMP_MGR_CHK01 C MYEMP MGR >= 1000 AND MGR <= 40

00
Mobile : 9030750090
MYEMP_SAL_CHK01 C MYEMP Sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 9000

0
MYEMP_DEPTNO_CHK C MYEMP Deptno IN(10, 20, 30, 40,

50, 60, 70, 80, 90)

-------------------- - --------------- -------------------------
MYEMPSALANDCOMM_CHK C MYEMP Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) <= 900
00
MYEMP_EMPNO_PK P MYEMP
MYEMP_DEPTNO_FK R MYEMP
MYEMP_MGR_FK R MYEMP
15 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC USER_CONSTRAINTS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
BAD VARCHAR2(3)
RELY VARCHAR2(4)
LAST_CHANGE DATE
INVALID VARCHAR2(7)
SQL> DESC USER_CONS_COLUMNS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
POSITION NUMBER
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Job, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept;
ENAME SAL JOB DNAME LOC

---------- ---------- --------- -------------- -------------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
CLARK 2450 MANAGER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JONES 2975 MANAGER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JAMES 950 CLERK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
WARD 1250 SALESMAN ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
FORD 3000 ANALYST ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
SMITH 800 CLERK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

---------- ---------- --------- -------------- -------------
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ADAMS 1100 CLERK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MILLER 1300 CLERK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
KING 5000 PRESIDENT RESEARCH DALLAS
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER RESEARCH DALLAS
CLARK 2450 MANAGER RESEARCH DALLAS
JONES 2975 MANAGER RESEARCH DALLAS
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN RESEARCH DALLAS
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN RESEARCH DALLAS
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN RESEARCH DALLAS
JAMES 950 CLERK RESEARCH DALLAS

---------- ---------- --------- -------------- -------------
WARD 1250 SALESMAN RESEARCH DALLAS
FORD 3000 ANALYST RESEARCH DALLAS
SMITH 800 CLERK RESEARCH DALLAS
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST RESEARCH DALLAS
ADAMS 1100 CLERK RESEARCH DALLAS
MILLER 1300 CLERK RESEARCH DALLAS
KING 5000 PRESIDENT SALES CHICAGO
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER SALES CHICAGO
CLARK 2450 MANAGER SALES CHICAGO
JONES 2975 MANAGER SALES CHICAGO
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN SALES CHICAGO

---------- ---------- --------- -------------- -------------
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN SALES CHICAGO
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN SALES CHICAGO
JAMES 950 CLERK SALES CHICAGO
WARD 1250 SALESMAN SALES CHICAGO
Mobile : 9030750090
FORD 3000 ANALYST SALES CHICAGO

SMITH 800 CLERK SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST SALES CHICAGO
ADAMS 1100 CLERK SALES CHICAGO
MILLER 1300 CLERK SALES CHICAGO
KING 5000 PRESIDENT OPERATIONS BOSTON
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- ---------- --------- -------------- -------------
CLARK 2450 MANAGER OPERATIONS BOSTON
JONES 2975 MANAGER OPERATIONS BOSTON
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN OPERATIONS BOSTON
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN OPERATIONS BOSTON
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN OPERATIONS BOSTON
JAMES 950 CLERK OPERATIONS BOSTON
WARD 1250 SALESMAN OPERATIONS BOSTON
FORD 3000 ANALYST OPERATIONS BOSTON
SMITH 800 CLERK OPERATIONS BOSTON
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST OPERATIONS BOSTON
ADAMS 1100 CLERK OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- ---------- --------- -------------- -------------
MILLER 1300 CLERK OPERATIONS BOSTON
56 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Job

2* FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
JONES 2975 MANAGER
Mobile : 9030750090

ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
JAMES 950 CLERK
JAMES 950 CLERK
JAMES 950 CLERK
JAMES 950 CLERK
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
FORD 3000 ANALYST
FORD 3000 ANALYST
FORD 3000 ANALYST
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SMITH 800 CLERK
SMITH 800 CLERK
SMITH 800 CLERK
SMITH 800 CLERK
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
MILLER 1300 CLERK
MILLER 1300 CLERK
MILLER 1300 CLERK
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
MILLER 1300 CLERK
56 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT Dname, Loc

2* FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /
DNAME LOC
-------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
DNAME LOC
-------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
DNAME LOC
-------------- -------------
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
DNAME LOC
-------------- -------------
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
Mobile : 9030750090
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
DNAME LOC
-------------- -------------
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
OPERATIONS BOSTON
DNAME LOC
-------------- -------------
OPERATIONS BOSTON
56 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Deptno, Dname, Loc

2* FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /
SELECT Ename, Job, Deptno, Dname, Loc
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00918: column ambiguously defined
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Emp.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2* FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /
ENAME JOB DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
KING PRESIDENT 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
BLAKE MANAGER 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
CLARK MANAGER 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JONES MANAGER 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MARTIN SALESMAN 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ALLEN SALESMAN 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
TURNER SALESMAN 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JAMES CLERK 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
WARD SALESMAN 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
Mobile : 9030750090
FORD ANALYST 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

SMITH CLERK 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
SCOTT ANALYST 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ADAMS CLERK 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MILLER CLERK 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
KING PRESIDENT 10 RESEARCH DALLAS
BLAKE MANAGER 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
CLARK MANAGER 10 RESEARCH DALLAS
JONES MANAGER 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
MARTIN SALESMAN 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
ALLEN SALESMAN 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
TURNER SALESMAN 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
JAMES CLERK 30 RESEARCH DALLAS

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
WARD SALESMAN 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
FORD ANALYST 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
SMITH CLERK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
SCOTT ANALYST 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
ADAMS CLERK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
MILLER CLERK 10 RESEARCH DALLAS
KING PRESIDENT 10 SALES CHICAGO
BLAKE MANAGER 30 SALES CHICAGO
CLARK MANAGER 10 SALES CHICAGO
JONES MANAGER 20 SALES CHICAGO
MARTIN SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
ALLEN SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO
TURNER SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO
JAMES CLERK 30 SALES CHICAGO
WARD SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO
FORD ANALYST 20 SALES CHICAGO
SMITH CLERK 20 SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT ANALYST 20 SALES CHICAGO
ADAMS CLERK 20 SALES CHICAGO
MILLER CLERK 10 SALES CHICAGO
KING PRESIDENT 10 OPERATIONS BOSTON
BLAKE MANAGER 30 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
CLARK MANAGER 10 OPERATIONS BOSTON
JONES MANAGER 20 OPERATIONS BOSTON
MARTIN SALESMAN 30 OPERATIONS BOSTON
ALLEN SALESMAN 30 OPERATIONS BOSTON
TURNER SALESMAN 30 OPERATIONS BOSTON
JAMES CLERK 30 OPERATIONS BOSTON
WARD SALESMAN 30 OPERATIONS BOSTON
FORD ANALYST 20 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SMITH CLERK 20 OPERATIONS BOSTON
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT ANALYST 20 OPERATIONS BOSTON

ADAMS CLERK 20 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
MILLER CLERK 10 OPERATIONS BOSTON
56 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Dept.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2* FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
KING PRESIDENT 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
BLAKE MANAGER 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JONES MANAGER 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MARTIN SALESMAN 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ALLEN SALESMAN 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
TURNER SALESMAN 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JAMES CLERK 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
WARD SALESMAN 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
FORD ANALYST 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
SMITH CLERK 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
SCOTT ANALYST 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ADAMS CLERK 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MILLER CLERK 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
KING PRESIDENT 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
BLAKE MANAGER 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
CLARK MANAGER 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
MARTIN SALESMAN 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
ALLEN SALESMAN 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
TURNER SALESMAN 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
JAMES CLERK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
WARD SALESMAN 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
SMITH CLERK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
ADAMS CLERK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
MILLER CLERK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
KING PRESIDENT 30 SALES CHICAGO
CLARK MANAGER 30 SALES CHICAGO
JONES MANAGER 30 SALES CHICAGO
Mobile : 9030750090
MARTIN SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
ALLEN SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO
TURNER SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO
JAMES CLERK 30 SALES CHICAGO
WARD SALESMAN 30 SALES CHICAGO
FORD ANALYST 30 SALES CHICAGO
SMITH CLERK 30 SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT ANALYST 30 SALES CHICAGO
ADAMS CLERK 30 SALES CHICAGO
MILLER CLERK 30 SALES CHICAGO
KING PRESIDENT 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
BLAKE MANAGER 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
CLARK MANAGER 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
JONES MANAGER 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
MARTIN SALESMAN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
ALLEN SALESMAN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
TURNER SALESMAN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
JAMES CLERK 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
WARD SALESMAN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
FORD ANALYST 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SMITH CLERK 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SCOTT ANALYST 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
ADAMS CLERK 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
MILLER CLERK 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
56 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Emp.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept
3 WHERE Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno;
ENAME DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
KING 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
BLAKE 30 SALES CHICAGO
CLARK 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JONES 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
MARTIN 30 SALES CHICAGO
ALLEN 30 SALES CHICAGO
TURNER 30 SALES CHICAGO
JAMES 30 SALES CHICAGO
WARD 30 SALES CHICAGO
FORD 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
SMITH 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
SCOTT 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
ADAMS 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
MILLER 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
14 rows selected.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> cl scr
SQL> Select
2 Empno,
3 Ename,
4 Sal,
5 Sal * 12 AnnSal,
6 Emp.Deptno,
7 Loc
8 FROM Emp, Dept
EMPNO ENAME SAL ANNSAL DEPTNO LOC

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------
7839 KING 5000 60000 10 NEW YORK
7782 CLARK 2450 29400 10 NEW YORK
7934 MILLER 1300 15600 10 NEW YORK
7566 JONES 2975 35700 20 DALLAS
7788 SCOTT 3000 36000 20 DALLAS
7876 ADAMS 1100 13200 20 DALLAS
7369 SMITH 800 9600 20 DALLAS
7902 FORD 3000 36000 20 DALLAS
7698 BLAKE 2850 34200 30 CHICAGO
7654 MARTIN 1250 15000 30 CHICAGO
7499 ALLEN 1600 19200 30 CHICAGO
EMPNO ENAME SAL ANNSAL DEPTNO LOC

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------
7844 TURNER 1500 18000 30 CHICAGO
7900 JAMES 950 11400 30 CHICAGO
7521 WARD 1250 15000 30 CHICAGO
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> Select
2 Dept.Deptno,
Mobile : 9030750090
3 Dname,
4 Loc,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp, Dept
7 WHERE Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno
8 GROUP BY Dept.Deptno, Dname, Loc;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC SUM(SAL)

---------- -------------- ------------- ----------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 8750
20 RESEARCH DALLAS 10875
30 SALES CHICAGO 9400
SQL> Select
3 Dept.Deptno,
4 Dname,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp, Dept
8 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'), Dept.Deptno, Dname
9 ORDER BY Year;
YEAR DEPTNO DNAME SUM(SAL)

---- ---------- -------------- ----------
1980 20 RESEARCH 800
1981 10 ACCOUNTING 7450
1981 20 RESEARCH 5975
1981 30 SALES 9400
1982 20 RESEARCH 3000
1983 20 RESEARCH 1100
7 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> Select
3 Dept.Deptno,
4 Dname,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp, Dept
9 HAVING COUNT(TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY')) > 2
10 ORDER BY Year;

---- ---------- -------------- ----------
1981 30 SALES 9400
SQL> ED
1 Select
Mobile : 9030750090

3 Dept.Deptno,
4 Dname,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp, Dept
9* ORDER BY Year
SQL> /

---- ---------- -------------- ----------
1980 20 RESEARCH 800
1981 20 RESEARCH 5975
1981 30 SALES 9400
1982 20 RESEARCH 3000
1983 20 RESEARCH 1100
7 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 Select
3 Dept.Deptno,
4 Dname,
5 COUNT(*) Cnt,
6 SUM(Sal)
7 FROM Emp, Dept
10* ORDER BY Year
SQL> /
YEAR DEPTNO DNAME CNT SUM(SAL)

---- ---------- -------------- ---------- ----------
1980 20 RESEARCH 1 800
1981 10 ACCOUNTING 2 7450
1981 20 RESEARCH 2 5975
1981 30 SALES 6 9400
1982 10 ACCOUNTING 1 1300
1982 20 RESEARCH 1 3000
1983 20 RESEARCH 1 1100
7 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Ename

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME ENAME
---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING KING
BLAKE BLAKE
CLARK CLARK
JONES JONES
MARTIN MARTIN
ALLEN ALLEN
TURNER TURNER
JAMES JAMES
WARD WARD
FORD FORD
SMITH SMITH
ENAME ENAME
---------- ----------
SCOTT SCOTT
ADAMS ADAMS
MILLER MILLER
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Sal

2* FROM Emp, Emp
SQL> /
SELECT Ename, Job, Sal
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT 125
2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
125
----------
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
125
----------
125
Mobile : 9030750090
125
125
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT 125
2* FROM Emp, Emp
SQL> /
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename

2 FROM Emp, Emp
3
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename
2* FROM Emp E1, Emp E2
SQL> /
SELECT Ename
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT E1.Ename
2* FROM Emp E1, Emp E2
SQL> /
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Empno,
3 E.Ename,
4 D.Deptno,
5 D.Dname
6 FROM Emp E, Dept D
7 WHERE E.Deptno = D.Deptno;
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO DNAME

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
7839 KING 10 ACCOUNTING
7782 CLARK 10 ACCOUNTING
7934 MILLER 10 ACCOUNTING
7566 JONES 20 RESEARCH
7788 SCOTT 20 RESEARCH
7876 ADAMS 20 RESEARCH
7369 SMITH 20 RESEARCH
Mobile : 9030750090
7902 FORD 20 RESEARCH

7698 BLAKE 30 SALES
7654 MARTIN 30 SALES
7499 ALLEN 30 SALES
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO DNAME

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
7844 TURNER 30 SALES
7900 JAMES 30 SALES
7521 WARD 30 SALES
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 E.Empno,
3 E.Ename,
4 Dept.Deptno,
5 D.Dname
7* WHERE E.Deptno = D.Deptno
SQL> /
Dept.Deptno,
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00904: "DEPT"."DEPTNO": invalid identifier
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename,
3 E.Job,
4 D.Deptno,
5 D.Dname,
6 D.Loc
8 WHERE E.Deptno = D.Deptno AND
9 E.Job IN('ANALYST', 'MANAGER' );

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 DName,
4 Loc
5 FROM Emp Employees, Dept Departments
6 WHERE Employees.Deptno = Departments.Deptno;
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
KING ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
CLARK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MILLER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JONES RESEARCH DALLAS
SCOTT RESEARCH DALLAS
ADAMS RESEARCH DALLAS
SMITH RESEARCH DALLAS
FORD RESEARCH DALLAS
BLAKE SALES CHICAGO
MARTIN SALES CHICAGO
ALLEN SALES CHICAGO
ENAME DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
TURNER SALES CHICAGO
JAMES SALES CHICAGO
WARD SALES CHICAGO
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 DName,
4 Loc
6* WHERE E.Deptno = D.Deptno
SQL> /
ENAME DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
KING ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
CLARK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MILLER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JONES RESEARCH DALLAS
SCOTT RESEARCH DALLAS
ADAMS RESEARCH DALLAS
SMITH RESEARCH DALLAS
FORD RESEARCH DALLAS
BLAKE SALES CHICAGO
MARTIN SALES CHICAGO
ALLEN SALES CHICAGO
ENAME DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
TURNER SALES CHICAGO
JAMES SALES CHICAGO
WARD SALES CHICAGO
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING
7698 BLAKE 7839
7782 CLARK 7839
7566 JONES 7839
7654 MARTIN 7698
7499 ALLEN 7698
7844 TURNER 7698
7900 JAMES 7698
7521 WARD 7698
7902 FORD 7566
7369 SMITH 7902
EMPNO ENAME MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT 7566
7876 ADAMS 7788
7934 MILLER 7782
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, MGR

2* FROM Emp
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME SAL MGR

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850 7839
7782 CLARK 2450 7839
7566 JONES 2975 7839
7654 MARTIN 1250 7698
7499 ALLEN 1600 7698
7844 TURNER 1500 7698
7900 JAMES 950 7698
7521 WARD 1250 7698
7902 FORD 3000 7566
7369 SMITH 800 7902
EMPNO ENAME SAL MGR

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT 3000 7566
7876 ADAMS 1100 7788
7934 MILLER 1300 7782
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 E1.Ename "Employees",
3 E2. Ename "Managers"
4 FROM Emp E1, Emp E2
5 WHERE E1.Mgr = E2.Empno;
Employees Managers
---------- ----------
FORD JONES
SCOTT JONES
MARTIN BLAKE
ALLEN BLAKE
JAMES BLAKE
TURNER BLAKE
WARD BLAKE
MILLER CLARK
ADAMS SCOTT
BLAKE KING
CLARK KING
Employees Managers
---------- ----------
JONES KING
SMITH FORD
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 E1.Ename,
3 E2. Ename
5* WHERE E1.Mgr = E2.Empno
SQL> /
ENAME ENAME
---------- ----------
FORD JONES
SCOTT JONES
MARTIN BLAKE
ALLEN BLAKE
JAMES BLAKE
TURNER BLAKE
WARD BLAKE
MILLER CLARK
ADAMS SCOTT
BLAKE KING
CLARK KING
ENAME ENAME
---------- ----------
JONES KING
Mobile : 9030750090
SMITH FORD
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Employees.Ename "Employees",
3 Managers.Ename "Managers"
4 FROM Emp Employees, Emp Managers
5 WHERE Employees.Mgr = Managers.Empno;
Employees Managers
---------- ----------
FORD JONES
SCOTT JONES
MARTIN BLAKE
ALLEN BLAKE
JAMES BLAKE
TURNER BLAKE
WARD BLAKE
MILLER CLARK
ADAMS SCOTT
BLAKE KING
CLARK KING
Employees Managers
---------- ----------
JONES KING
SMITH FORD
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Employees.Ename "Employees",
3 Managers.Ename "Managers"
4 FROM Emp Employees, Emp Managers
5* WHERE Managers.Mgr = Employees.Empno
SQL> /
Employees Managers
---------- ----------
JONES FORD
JONES SCOTT
BLAKE MARTIN
BLAKE ALLEN
BLAKE JAMES
BLAKE TURNER
BLAKE WARD
CLARK MILLER
SCOTT ADAMS
KING BLAKE
KING CLARK
Mobile : 9030750090
Employees Managers
---------- ----------
KING JONES
FORD SMITH
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 E1.Ename||'''s Manager is '||
3 E2.Ename "Employees And Managers"
5 WHERE E1.Mgr = E2.Empno;
Employees And Managers

----------------------------------
FORD's Manager is JONES
SCOTT's Manager is JONES
MARTIN's Manager is BLAKE
ALLEN's Manager is BLAKE
JAMES's Manager is BLAKE
TURNER's Manager is BLAKE
WARD's Manager is BLAKE
MILLER's Manager is CLARK
ADAMS's Manager is SCOTT
BLAKE's Manager is KING
CLARK's Manager is KING
Employees And Managers

----------------------------------
JONES's Manager is KING
SMITH's Manager is FORD
13 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850
7782 CLARK 2450
7566 JONES 2975
7654 MARTIN 1250
7499 ALLEN 1600
7844 TURNER 1500
7900 JAMES 950
7521 WARD 1250
7902 FORD 3000
7369 SMITH 800
Mobile : 9030750090
EMPNO ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT 3000
7876 ADAMS 1100
7934 MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT LoSal, HiSal, Grade

2 FROM DalGrade;
FROM DalGrade
*
ERROR at line 2:
SQL> Ed
1 SELECT LoSal, HiSal, Grade

2* FROM SalGrade
SQL> /
LOSAL HISAL GRADE

---------- ---------- ----------
700 1200 1
1201 1400 2
1401 2000 3
2001 3000 4
3001 9999 5
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850
7782 CLARK 2450
7566 JONES 2975
7654 MARTIN 1250
7499 ALLEN 1600
7844 TURNER 1500
7900 JAMES 950
7521 WARD 1250
7902 FORD 3000
7369 SMITH 800
EMPNO ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT 3000
7876 ADAMS 1100
7934 MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Emp.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Emp.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept
3* WHERE Emp.Deptno > Dept.Deptno
SQL> /

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
JONES 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
SCOTT 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ADAMS 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
SMITH 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
FORD 20 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
BLAKE 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MARTIN 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
ALLEN 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
TURNER 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JAMES 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
WARD 30 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
BLAKE 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
MARTIN 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
ALLEN 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
Mobile : 9030750090
TURNER 30 RESEARCH DALLAS

JAMES 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
WARD 30 RESEARCH DALLAS
17 rows selected.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, Sal, Grade

2 FROM Emp, SalGrade
3 WHERE Emp.Sal >= SalGrade.LoSal AND
4 Emp.Sal <= SalGrade.HiSal;
ENAME DEPTNO JOB SAL GRADE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 CLERK 800 1
JAMES 30 CLERK 950 1
ADAMS 20 CLERK 1100 1
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN 1250 2
WARD 30 SALESMAN 1250 2
MILLER 10 CLERK 1300 2
TURNER 30 SALESMAN 1500 3
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN 1600 3
CLARK 10 MANAGER 2450 4
BLAKE 30 MANAGER 2850 4
JONES 20 MANAGER 2975 4

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
FORD 20 ANALYST 3000 4
SCOTT 20 ANALYST 3000 4
KING 10 PRESIDENT 5000 5
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, Sal, Grade

3* WHERE Emp.Sal BETWEEN SalGrade.LoSal AND SalGrade.HiSal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090


---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO

2 VALUES(50, 'SHIPPING', 'CHENNAI');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(60, 'CARGO', 'MUMBAI');
1 row created.

2 VALUES(70, 'COURIER', 'DELHI');
1 row created.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
60 CARGO MUMBAI
70 COURIER DELHI

Mobile : 9030750090
7 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT * FROM Emp ORDER BY Deptno;

----- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----- ----- ------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20

----- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Emp.Deptno Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept
ENAME SAL DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------
KING 5000 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
CLARK 2450 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
MILLER 1300 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
JONES 2975 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
SCOTT 3000 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
ADAMS 1100 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
SMITH 800 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
FORD 3000 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
BLAKE 2850 30 SALES CHICAGO
MARTIN 1250 30 SALES CHICAGO
ALLEN 1600 30 SALES CHICAGO

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------
TURNER 1500 30 SALES CHICAGO
JAMES 950 30 SALES CHICAGO
WARD 1250 30 SALES CHICAGO
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Emp.Deptno Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept
3* WHERE Emp.Deptno(+) = Dept.Deptno
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SHIPPING CHENNAI
CARGO MUMBAI
COURIER DELHI
18 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Dept.Deptno Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------

Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
60 CARGO MUMBAI
70 COURIER DELHI
18 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Dept.Deptno Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp, Dept
3* WHERE Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno(+)
SQL> /

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------

---------- ----- ------ -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 NVL(Ename, 'NOT RECRUITED') Ename,
3 Dept.Deptno Deptno,
4 Dname,
5 Loc
6 FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /

------------- ------ -------------- -------------
Mobile : 9030750090


------------- ------ -------------- -------------
NOT RECRUITED 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
NOT RECRUITED 50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
NOT RECRUITED 60 CARGO MUMBAI
NOT RECRUITED 70 COURIER DELHI
18 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT E.Ename, D.Deptno, D.Dname

3 WHERE E.Deptno(+) = D.Deptno
4 AND E.Deptno = 10
5 ORDER BY E.Deptno;
ENAME DEPTNO DNAME

---------- ------ --------------
KING 10 ACCOUNTING
CLARK 10 ACCOUNTING
MILLER 10 ACCOUNTING
SQL> ED
1 SELECT E.Ename, D.Deptno, D.Dname, D.Loc

4 AND E.Deptno = 10
5* ORDER BY E.Deptno
SQL> /

---------- ------ -------------- -------------
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090

4 AND E.Deptno(+) = 10
SQL> /

---------- ------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
60 CARGO MUMBAI
70 COURIER DELHI
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED

4 AND D.Deptno(+) = 10
SQL> /

---------- ------ -------------- -------------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 NVL(E.Ename, 'NOT RECRUITED OR REQUESTED') Ename,
3 D.Deptno,
4 D.Dname,
5 D.Loc
8 AND E.Deptno(+) = 10
SQL> /

-------------------------- ------ -------------- -------------
Mobile : 9030750090

NOT RECRUITED OR REQUESTED 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
NOT RECRUITED OR REQUESTED 30 SALES CHICAGO
NOT RECRUITED OR REQUESTED 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
NOT RECRUITED OR REQUESTED 50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
NOT RECRUITED OR REQUESTED 60 CARGO MUMBAI
NOT RECRUITED OR REQUESTED 70 COURIER DELHI
9 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 C.Name, O.OrdID,
3 I.ItemID, I.Itemtot, O.Total
4 FROM Customer C, Ord O, Item I
5 WHERE C.CustID = O.CustID
6 AND O.OrdID = I.OrdID
7 AND C.Name = 'TKB SPORT SHOP';
NAME ORDID ITEMID ITEMTOT

--------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
TOTAL
----------
TKB SPORT SHOP 610 2 8.4
101.4
TKB SPORT SHOP 610 1 35

101.4
TKB SPORT SHOP 610 3 58

101.4
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename Employee,
3 E.Deptno Department,
4 M.Ename Manager,
5 M.Deptno "Manager's Dept"
6 FROM Emp E, Dept D, Emp M
7 WHERE E.MGR = M.Empno AND
8 E.Deptno = D.Deptno;
EMPLOYEE DEPARTMENT MANAGER Manager's Dept

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
FORD 20 JONES 20
SCOTT 20 JONES 20
MARTIN 30 BLAKE 30
ALLEN 30 BLAKE 30
JAMES 30 BLAKE 30
TURNER 30 BLAKE 30
WARD 30 BLAKE 30
MILLER 10 CLARK 10
Mobile : 9030750090
ADAMS 20 SCOTT 20
BLAKE 30 KING 10
CLARK 10 KING 10
EMPLOYEE DEPARTMENT MANAGER Manager's Dept

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
JONES 20 KING 10
SMITH 20 FORD 20
13 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename Employee,
3 Dname Department,
4 Loc Place,
5 M.Ename Manager,
6 Dname "Manager's Dept"
9 E.Deptno = D.Deptno;
EMPLOYEE DEPARTMENT PLACE MANAGER Manager's Dept

---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- --------------
BLAKE SALES CHICAGO KING SALES
JONES RESEARCH DALLAS KING RESEARCH
CLARK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK KING ACCOUNTING
WARD SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
JAMES SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
TURNER SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
ALLEN SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
MARTIN SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
MILLER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK CLARK ACCOUNTING
SCOTT RESEARCH DALLAS JONES RESEARCH
FORD RESEARCH DALLAS JONES RESEARCH

---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- --------------
SMITH RESEARCH DALLAS FORD RESEARCH
ADAMS RESEARCH DALLAS SCOTT RESEARCH
13 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename Employee,
3 DE.Dname Department,
4 DE.Loc Place,
5 M.Ename Manager,
6 DM.Dname "Manager's Dept"
7 FROM Emp E, Dept DE, Emp M, Dept DM
9 E.Deptno = DE.Deptno AND
10 M.Deptno = DM.Deptno
11 ORDER BY E.Deptno;

---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- --------------
Mobile : 9030750090
MILLER ACCOUNTING NEW YORK CLARK ACCOUNTING

CLARK ACCOUNTING NEW YORK KING ACCOUNTING
JONES RESEARCH DALLAS KING ACCOUNTING
SMITH RESEARCH DALLAS FORD RESEARCH
SCOTT RESEARCH DALLAS JONES RESEARCH
FORD RESEARCH DALLAS JONES RESEARCH
ADAMS RESEARCH DALLAS SCOTT RESEARCH
BLAKE SALES CHICAGO KING ACCOUNTING
MARTIN SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
ALLEN SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
TURNER SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES

---------- -------------- ------------- ---------- --------------
JAMES SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
WARD SALES CHICAGO BLAKE SALES
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename Employee,
3 E.Sal "Employee's Salary",
4 M.Ename Manager,
5 M.Sal "Manager's Salary",
6 Dname "Manager's Dept"
9 E.MGR = M.Empno;
EMPLOYEE Employee's Salary MANAGER Manager's Salary Manager's Dept

---------- ----------------- ---------- ---------------- --------------
BLAKE 2850 KING 5000 SALES
JONES 2975 KING 5000 RESEARCH
CLARK 2450 KING 5000 ACCOUNTING
WARD 1250 BLAKE 2850 SALES
JAMES 950 BLAKE 2850 SALES
TURNER 1500 BLAKE 2850 SALES
ALLEN 1600 BLAKE 2850 SALES
MARTIN 1250 BLAKE 2850 SALES
MILLER 1300 CLARK 2450 ACCOUNTING
SCOTT 3000 JONES 2975 RESEARCH
FORD 3000 JONES 2975 RESEARCH

---------- ----------------- ---------- ---------------- --------------
SMITH 800 FORD 3000 RESEARCH
ADAMS 1100 SCOTT 3000 RESEARCH
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename Employee,
Mobile : 9030750090

4 M.Ename Manager,
6 DM.Dname "Manager's Dept"
8 WHERE E.Deptno = DE.Deptno AND
9 M.Deptno = DM.Deptno AND
10 E.MGR = M.Empno;

---------- ----------------- ---------- ---------------- --------------
BLAKE 2850 KING 5000 ACCOUNTING
CLARK 2450 KING 5000 ACCOUNTING
JONES 2975 KING 5000 ACCOUNTING
MARTIN 1250 BLAKE 2850 SALES
ALLEN 1600 BLAKE 2850 SALES
TURNER 1500 BLAKE 2850 SALES
JAMES 950 BLAKE 2850 SALES
WARD 1250 BLAKE 2850 SALES
FORD 3000 JONES 2975 RESEARCH
SMITH 800 FORD 3000 RESEARCH
SCOTT 3000 JONES 2975 RESEARCH

---------- ----------------- ---------- ---------------- --------------
ADAMS 1100 SCOTT 3000 RESEARCH
MILLER 1300 CLARK 2450 ACCOUNTING
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN Employee FORMAT A14

SQL> COLUMN "Employee's Dept" FORMAT A10
SQL> COLUMN Manager FORMAT A15
SQL> COLUMN "Manager's Dept" FORMAT A15
SQL> SELECT
2 NVL(E.Ename, 'Not Recruited') Employee,
3 DE.Dname "Employee's Dept",
4 NVL(M.Ename, 'NULL Manager') Manager,
5 NVL(DM.Dname, 'Not Recruited') "Manager's Dept",
6 DE.Deptno
8 WHERE E.Deptno(+) = DE.Deptno AND
9 M.Deptno = DM.Deptno(+) AND
10 E.MGR = M.Empno(+);
EMPLOYEE Employee's MANAGER Manager's Dept DEPTNO

-------------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------
MILLER ACCOUNTING CLARK ACCOUNTING 10
CLARK ACCOUNTING KING ACCOUNTING 10
JONES RESEARCH KING ACCOUNTING 20
BLAKE SALES KING ACCOUNTING 30
ADAMS RESEARCH SCOTT RESEARCH 20
SMITH RESEARCH FORD RESEARCH 20
SCOTT RESEARCH JONES RESEARCH 20
Mobile : 9030750090
FORD RESEARCH JONES RESEARCH 20

MARTIN SALES BLAKE SALES 30
ALLEN SALES BLAKE SALES 30
TURNER SALES BLAKE SALES 30
EMPLOYEE Employee's MANAGER Manager's Dept DEPTNO

-------------- ---------- --------------- --------------- ----------
JAMES SALES BLAKE SALES 30
WARD SALES BLAKE SALES 30
KING ACCOUNTING NULL Manager Not Recruited 10
Not Recruited OPERATIONS NULL Manager Not Recruited 40
15 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN "Employee's Salary" FORMAT 9999

SQL> COLUMN EMPGRADE FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN "Manager's Salary" FORMAT 9999
SQL> COLUMN MGRGRADE FORMAT 99
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename Employee,
4 SE.Grade EmpGrade,
6 SM.Grade MGRGrade,
7 Dname
8 FROM Emp E, Dept D, Emp M, SalGrade SE, SalGrade SM
10 E.MGR = M.Empno AND
11 E.Sal BETWEEN SE.LoSal AND SE.HiSal AND
12 M.Sal BETWEEN SM.LoSal AND SM.HiSal;
EMPLOYEE Employee's Salary EMPGRADE Manager's Salary MGRGRADE

-------------- ----------------- -------- ---------------- --------
DNAME
--------------
SMITH 800 1 3000 4
RESEARCH
JAMES 950 1 2850 4

SALES
ADAMS 1100 1 3000 4

RESEARCH

-------------- ----------------- -------- ---------------- --------
DNAME
--------------
MARTIN 1250 2 2850 4
SALES
WARD 1250 2 2850 4

SALES
Mobile : 9030750090
MILLER 1300 2 2450 4

ACCOUNTING

-------------- ----------------- -------- ---------------- --------
DNAME
--------------
TURNER 1500 3 2850 4
SALES
ALLEN 1600 3 2850 4

SALES
CLARK 2450 4 5000 5

ACCOUNTING

-------------- ----------------- -------- ---------------- --------
DNAME
--------------
BLAKE 2850 4 5000 5
SALES
JONES 2975 4 5000 5

RESEARCH
FORD 3000 4 2975 4

RESEARCH

-------------- ----------------- -------- ---------------- --------
DNAME
--------------
SCOTT 3000 4 2975 4
RESEARCH
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Dept.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp CROSS JOIN Dept
3 /

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
Mobile : 9030750090


---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
KING 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
CLARK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
MILLER 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
KING 30 SALES CHICAGO
CLARK 30 SALES CHICAGO
JONES 30 SALES CHICAGO

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
FORD 30 SALES CHICAGO
SMITH 30 SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT 30 SALES CHICAGO
ADAMS 30 SALES CHICAGO
MILLER 30 SALES CHICAGO
KING 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
BLAKE 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
CLARK 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
JONES 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
MARTIN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
ALLEN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
TURNER 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
Mobile : 9030750090
JAMES 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

WARD 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
FORD 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SMITH 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SCOTT 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
ADAMS 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
MILLER 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
56 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Dept.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2* FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
KING 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
CLARK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
MILLER 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
Mobile : 9030750090
KING 30 SALES CHICAGO

CLARK 30 SALES CHICAGO
JONES 30 SALES CHICAGO

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
FORD 30 SALES CHICAGO
SMITH 30 SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT 30 SALES CHICAGO
ADAMS 30 SALES CHICAGO
MILLER 30 SALES CHICAGO
KING 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
BLAKE 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
CLARK 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
JONES 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
MARTIN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
ALLEN 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
TURNER 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
JAMES 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
WARD 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
FORD 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SMITH 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
SCOTT 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
ADAMS 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
MILLER 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
56 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp CROSS JOIN Dept

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
Mobile : 9030750090


---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp NATURAL JOIN Dept;

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, D.Deptno, Dname, Loc

2* FROM Emp NATURAL JOIN Dept
SQL> /
SELECT Ename, D.Deptno, Dname, Loc
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "D"."DEPTNO": invalid identifier
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp JOIN Dept
3 USING(Deptno);
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Dname, Loc

2 FROM Emp INNER JOIN Dept
3* USING(Deptno)
SQL> /

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090

3 ON Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno;

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

3* ON Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno
SQL> /

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090

3* WHERE Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno
SQL> /
WHERE Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00905: missing keyword
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 E.Ename Employee,
3 M.Ename Manager
4 FROM
5 Emp E INNER JOIN Emp M
6 ON(E.MGR = M.Empno)
7 /
EMPLOYEE MANAGER
-------------- ---------------
FORD JONES
SCOTT JONES
MARTIN BLAKE
ALLEN BLAKE
JAMES BLAKE
TURNER BLAKE
WARD BLAKE
MILLER CLARK
ADAMS SCOTT
BLAKE KING
CLARK KING
EMPLOYEE MANAGER
-------------- ---------------
JONES KING
SMITH FORD
13 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Grade, Dept.Deptno, Dname

3 ON Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno
4 JOIN SalGrade
5 ON Emp.Sal BETWEEN LoSal AND HiSal;
ENAME SAL GRADE DEPTNO DNAME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
SMITH 800 1 20 RESEARCH
JAMES 950 1 30 SALES
ADAMS 1100 1 20 RESEARCH
MARTIN 1250 2 30 SALES
WARD 1250 2 30 SALES
Mobile : 9030750090
MILLER 1300 2 10 ACCOUNTING

TURNER 1500 3 30 SALES
ALLEN 1600 3 30 SALES
CLARK 2450 4 10 ACCOUNTING
BLAKE 2850 4 30 SALES
JONES 2975 4 20 RESEARCH

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
FORD 3000 4 20 RESEARCH
SCOTT 3000 4 20 RESEARCH
KING 5000 5 10 ACCOUNTING
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT E.Ename, M.Ename, Sal, Grade, D.Deptno, Dname

2 FROM
3 Emp E INNER JOIN Dept D
4 ON E.Deptno = D.Deptno
5 INNER JOIN Emp M
6 ON E.Empno = M.MGR
7 INNER JOIN SalGrade S
8 ON E.Sal BETWEEN LoSal AND HiSal;
ENAME ENAME SAL GRADE DEPTNO DNAME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
KING BLAKE 2850 5 10 ACCOUNTING
KING CLARK 2450 5 10 ACCOUNTING
KING JONES 2975 5 10 ACCOUNTING
SCOTT ADAMS 1100 4 20 RESEARCH
FORD SMITH 800 4 20 RESEARCH
JONES FORD 3000 4 20 RESEARCH
JONES SCOTT 3000 4 20 RESEARCH
BLAKE MARTIN 1250 4 30 SALES
BLAKE ALLEN 1600 4 30 SALES
BLAKE JAMES 950 4 30 SALES
BLAKE TURNER 1500 4 30 SALES
ENAME ENAME SAL GRADE DEPTNO DNAME

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
BLAKE WARD 1250 4 30 SALES
CLARK MILLER 1300 4 10 ACCOUNTING
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Grade, Dept.Deptno, Dname

2 FROM Emp NATURAL JOIN Dept
3 JOIN SalGrade
4* ON Emp.Sal BETWEEN LoSal AND HiSal
SQL> /
SELECT Ename, Sal, Grade, Dept.Deptno, Dname
*
ERROR at line 1:
Mobile : 9030750090
ORA-25155: column used in NATURAL join cannot have qualifier
SQL> Ed
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Grade, Deptno, Dname

2 FROM Emp NATURAL JOIN Dept
3 JOIN SalGrade
4* ON Emp.Sal BETWEEN LoSal AND HiSal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
SMITH 800 1 20 RESEARCH
JAMES 950 1 30 SALES
ADAMS 1100 1 20 RESEARCH
MARTIN 1250 2 30 SALES
WARD 1250 2 30 SALES
MILLER 1300 2 10 ACCOUNTING
TURNER 1500 3 30 SALES
ALLEN 1600 3 30 SALES
CLARK 2450 4 10 ACCOUNTING
BLAKE 2850 4 30 SALES
JONES 2975 4 20 RESEARCH

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------
FORD 3000 4 20 RESEARCH
SCOTT 3000 4 20 RESEARCH
KING 5000 5 10 ACCOUNTING
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp RIGHT JOIN Dept
3 ON Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno;

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
Mobile : 9030750090

15 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp LEFT JOIN Dept
SQL> /

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Dept LEFT JOIN Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
Mobile : 9030750090


---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
15 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ColumnName

2 FROM TableName
3 WHERE ColumnName = (
4 SELECT ColumnName
5 FROM TableName
6 WHERE ColumnName = Value
7 )
8
2 FROM TableName, (
3 SELECT ColumName
4 FROM TableName
6 )
7* WHERE ColumnName = Value
8
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ColumnName, (

2 SELECT ColumnName
3 FROM TableName
5 )
6 FROM TableName
7
SQL> SELECT ColumnName, (
2 SELECT ColumnName
3 FROM TableName
5 )
6 FROM TableName, (
7 SELECT ColumnName
8 FROM TableName
10 )
12 SELECT ColumnName
13 FROM TableName
15 SELECT ColumnName
16 FROM TableName
18 )
19 )
20
SQL> cl scr


Mobile : 9030750090

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> (
2 SELECT *
3 FROM Emp
4 );

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 (
2 SELECT *
3 FROM Emp
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC
Mobile : 9030750090
5* )
SQL> /
ORDER BY Sal DESC
*
ERROR at line 4:
SQL> ED
1 (
2 SELECT *
3 FROM Emp
4 )
5* ORDER BY Sal DESC
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Sal

2 FROM Emp
SAL
-----
2975

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal > 2975;
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ----- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING 5000 PRESIDENT

FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal > (SELECT Sal
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Empno = 7566);
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ----- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
SQL> SET AUTOTRACE ON EXPLAIN

SQL> SELECT Sal
2 FROM Emp
SAL
-----
2975
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=1 Car
d=1 Bytes=8)
2 1 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'EMP_PRIMARY_KEY' (INDEX (UNIQUE)

) (Cost=0 Card=1)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal > 2975;
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ----- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=7 Bytes=

126)
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal > (SELECT Sal
4 FROM Emp
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ----- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
FORD 3000 ANALYST
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
18)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=1 C

ard=1 Bytes=8)
3 2 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'EMP_PRIMARY_KEY' (INDEX (UNIQU

E)) (Cost=0 Card=1)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Job

2 FROM Emp
JOB
---------
CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
14)

2 FROM Emp

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ----- ---------
JAMES 950 CLERK
SMITH 800 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
MILLER 1300 CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
54)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job = (SELECT Job
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Ename = 'SMITH')
6 ORDER BY Sal;
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ----- ---------
SMITH 800 CLERK
JAMES 950 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
MILLER 1300 CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 SORT (ORDER BY) (Cost=7 Card=3 Bytes=54)
2 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=3 Byte
s=54)
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=1 By

tes=14)
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Ename = 'SMITH' AND
6 Ename <> 'SMITH'
7 )
8* ORDER BY Sal
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
no rows selected
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
s=54)
3 2 FILTER
4 3 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=1
Bytes=14)
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Ename = 'SMITH'
6 ) AND
7 Ename <> 'SMITH'
8* ORDER BY Sal
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ----- ---------
JAMES 950 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
MILLER 1300 CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
s=54)

tes=14)
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Hiredate

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = 'TURNER';
HIREDATE
---------
08-SEP-81
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Hiredate, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Hiredate > (SELECT Hiredate
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Ename = 'TURNER')
6 ORDER BY Sal;
EMPNO ENAME HIREDATE SAL

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
7900 JAMES 03-DEC-81 950
7876 ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100
7654 MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250
7934 MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300
7902 FORD 03-DEC-81 3000
7788 SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000
7839 KING 17-NOV-81 5000
7 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Hiredate, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Hiredate < (SELECT Hiredate
4 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY Sal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
7369 SMITH 17-DEC-80 800
7521 WARD 22-FEB-81 1250
7499 ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600
7782 CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450
7698 BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850
7566 JONES 02-APR-81 2975
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> R
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Hiredate < (SELECT Hiredate
4 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
6* ORDER BY Sal

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
7369 SMITH 17-DEC-80 800
7521 WARD 22-FEB-81 1250
7499 ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600
7782 CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450
7698 BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850
7566 JONES 02-APR-81 2975
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Hiredate = (SELECT Hiredate
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Ename = 'FORD')
6* ORDER BY Sal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
7900 JAMES 03-DEC-81 950
7902 FORD 03-DEC-81 3000
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Hiredate = (SELECT Hiredate
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Ename = 'FORD') AND
6 Ename <> 'FORD'
7* ORDER BY Sal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
7900 JAMES 03-DEC-81 950
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = (SELECT Deptno
4 FROM Dept
5 WHERE Dname = 'SALES');
EMPNO ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090

6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp, Dept
3 WHERE Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno AND
4* Dept.Dname = 'SALES'
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp, Dept
3 WHERE Emp.Deptno = Dept.Deptno AND
4 Dept.Dname = 'SALES';
EMPNO ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 HASH JOIN (Cost=7 Card=5 Bytes=370)

2 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DEPT' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=1 Byt
es=22)
3 1 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=14 Byt

Mobile : 9030750090
es=728)

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Dept
5 WHERE Dname = 'SALES');
EMPNO ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
52)

es=22)
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, Comm, Sal + NVL( Comm, 0 ) TotSal
2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Dept
5 WHERE Loc = 'DALLAS');
EMPNO ENAME SAL COMM TOTSAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7566 JONES 2975 2975
7902 FORD 3000 3000
7369 SMITH 800 800
7788 SCOTT 3000 3000
7876 ADAMS 1100 1100
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
59)

Mobile : 9030750090

es=21)
SQL> cl scr

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT MAX(Sal) FROM Emp;
MAX(SAL)
----------
5000
SQL> SELECT Ename, MAX(Sal) FROM Emp;

SELECT Ename, MAX(Sal) FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 MAX(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5* GROUP BY Ename
SQL> /
ENAME MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
ADAMS 1100
ALLEN 1600
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
FORD 3000
JAMES 950
JONES 2975
KING 5000
MARTIN 1250
MILLER 1300
SCOTT 3000
ENAME MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
SMITH 800
TURNER 1500
WARD 1250
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT MAX(Sal) FROM Emp;
MAX(SAL)
----------
5000

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal = 5000;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job , Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal = (SELECT MAX(Sal)
4 FROM Emp);
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
KING PRESIDENT 5000
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal = (SELECT MIN(Sal)
4 FROM Emp);
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
SMITH CLERK 800

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal > (SELECT AVG(Sal)
4 FROM Emp);
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
KING PRESIDENT 5000
BLAKE MANAGER 2850
CLARK MANAGER 2450
JONES MANAGER 2975
FORD ANALYST 3000
SCOTT ANALYST 3000
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal < (SELECT AVG(Sal)
Mobile : 9030750090
4* FROM Emp)
SQL> /
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600
TURNER SALESMAN 1500
JAMES CLERK 950
WARD SALESMAN 1250
SMITH CLERK 800
ADAMS CLERK 1100
MILLER CLERK 1300
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal = (SELECT AVG(Sal)
4* FROM Emp)
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal <> (SELECT AVG(Sal)
4* FROM Emp)
SQL> /
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
KING PRESIDENT 5000
BLAKE MANAGER 2850
CLARK MANAGER 2450
JONES MANAGER 2975
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600
JAMES CLERK 950
WARD SALESMAN 1250
FORD ANALYST 3000
SMITH CLERK 800
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000
ADAMS CLERK 1100
MILLER CLERK 1300

Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal = (
4 SELECT MAX(Sal)
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = 10
7 );

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 MIN(Sal)
3 FROM Emp
MIN(SAL)
----------
800
SQL> SELECT Deptno, MIN(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno
4 HAVING MIN(Sal) > (SELECT
5 MIN(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Deptno = 20);
DEPTNO MIN(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 1300
30 950
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT AVG(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Job;
AVG(SAL)
----------
3000
1037.5
2758.33333
5000
1400
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT MAX(AVG(Sal))
2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Job
SQL> /
MAX(AVG(SAL))
-------------
5000
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job, MAX(AVG(Sal))

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Job
SQL> /
SELECT Job, MAX(AVG(Sal))
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> SELECT Job, AVG(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Job
4 HAVING AVG(Sal) = (SELECT
5 MIN(AVG(Sal))
6 FROM Emp
7 GROUP BY Job);
JOB AVG(SAL)
--------- ----------
CLERK 1037.5
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job, AVG(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Job
4 HAVING AVG(Sal) = (SELECT
5 MAX(AVG(Sal))
6 FROM Emp
7* GROUP BY Job)
SQL> /
JOB AVG(SAL)
--------- ----------
PRESIDENT 5000
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROM Emp ORDER BY Sal DESC;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 Sal BETWEEN
5 (
6 SELECT Sal
7 FROM Emp
8 WHERE Ename = 'MILLER'
9 ) AND
10 (
11 SELECT Sal
12 FROM Emp
13 WHERE Ename = 'JONES'
14 );

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 Sal BETWEEN
5 (
6 SELECT Sal
7 FROM Emp
9 ) AND
10 (
11 SELECT Sal
12 FROM Emp
14 ) AND
15* Ename NOT IN('MILLER', 'JONES')
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 Sal >= (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
8 ) AND
9 Sal <= (
10 SELECT Sal
11 FROM Emp
13 ) AND
14* Ename NOT IN('MILLER', 'JONES')
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
Mobile : 9030750090
4 Sal >= (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
8 ) AND
9 Sal <= (
10 SELECT Sal
11 FROM Emp
13 ) AND
14 Ename NOT IN('MILLER', 'JONES') AND
15 Deptno = (
16 SELECT Deptno
17 FROM Dept
18 WHERE Dname = 'SALES'
19* )
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 Sal >= (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
8 ) AND
9 Sal <= (
10 SELECT Sal
11 FROM Emp
13 ) AND
15 Deptno = (
16 SELECT Deptno
17 FROM Dept
19 ) AND
20 Job = (
21 SELECT Job
22 FROM Emp
23 WHERE Ename = 'ALLEN'
24* )
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE
4 Sal >= (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
8 ) AND
9 Sal <= (
10 SELECT Sal
11 FROM Emp
13 ) AND
15 Deptno = (
16 SELECT Deptno
17 FROM Dept
19 ) AND
20 Job = (
21 SELECT Job
22 FROM Emp
23 WHERE Ename = 'ALLEN'
24 ) AND
25* Ename <> 'ALLEN'
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
SQL> cl scr

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN
4 (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Ename = 'WARD'
8 ,
9 SELECT Sal
10 FROM Emp
11 WHERE Ename = 'FORD'
12 );
,
*
ERROR at line 8:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN
4 (
5 (
6 SELECT Sal
7 FROM Emp
8 WHERE Ename = 'WARD'
9 ),
10 (
11 SELECT Sal
12 FROM Emp
13 WHERE Ename = 'FORD'
14 )
15* )
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
SQL> cl scr
SQL> Select MIN(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
Mobile : 9030750090
MIN(SAL)
----------
1300
800
950
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN(Select MIN(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno);
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ----- ----------
MILLER 1300 10
SMITH 800 20
JAMES 950 30
SQL> INSERT INTO Emp(Empno, Ename, Deptno, Sal)

2 VALUES(1234, 'SAMPLE01', 20, 1300);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1235, 'SAMPLE02', 20, 950);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1236, 'SAMPLE03', 30, 1300);
1 row created.

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno);
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ----- ----------
SAMPLE03 1300 30
SAMPLE01 1300 20
MILLER 1300 10
SMITH 800 20
SAMPLE02 950 20
JAMES 950 30
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN(Select MAX(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5* GROUP BY Deptno)
SQL> /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ----- ----------
KING 5000 10
SCOTT 3000 20
FORD 3000 20
BLAKE 2850 30
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN(Select MAX(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5* GROUP BY Job)
SQL> /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ----- ----------
SCOTT 3000 20
FORD 3000 20
SAMPLE03 1300 30
SAMPLE01 1300 20
MILLER 1300 10
JONES 2975 20
KING 5000 10
ALLEN 1600 30
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5* GROUP BY Job)
SQL> /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ----- ----------
SCOTT 3000 20
FORD 3000 20
SMITH 800 20
CLARK 2450 10
KING 5000 10
WARD 1250 30
MARTIN 1250 30
Mobile : 9030750090
SAMPLE02 950 20
JAMES 950 30
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN(Select AVG(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5* GROUP BY Job)
SQL> /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ----- ----------
SCOTT 3000 20
FORD 3000 20
KING 5000 10
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT HireDate

2 FROM Emp
HIREDATE
---------
02-APR-81
03-DEC-81
17-DEC-80
09-DEC-82
12-JAN-83
SQL> SELECT Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE HireDate IN(SELECT HireDate
4 FROM Emp
SAL
----------
2975
3000
950
800
3000
1100
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Job, Sal, Deptno, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN(SELECT Sal
Mobile : 9030750090
4 FROM Emp
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Deptno = 20)
8 );
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO HIREDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 20 02-APR-81
7900 JAMES CLERK 950 30 03-DEC-81
7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 20 03-DEC-81
7369 SMITH CLERK 800 20 17-DEC-80
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 20 09-DEC-82
7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 20 12-JAN-83
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Job, Sal, Deptno, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal IN(
4 SELECT Sal
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE HireDate IN(
7 SELECT HireDate
8 FROM Emp
9 WHERE Deptno = (
10 SELECT Deptno
11 FROM Dept
12 WHERE Dname = 'RESEARCH'
13 )
14 )
15* )
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO HIREDATE

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 20 02-APR-81
7900 JAMES CLERK 950 30 03-DEC-81
7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 20 03-DEC-81
7369 SMITH CLERK 800 20 17-DEC-80
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 20 09-DEC-82
7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 20 12-JAN-83
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >ANY(1100, 2750, 950);

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
12 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal > 1100 OR Sal > 2750 OR Sal > 950
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
3 WHERE Sal >ANY(

4 SELECT Sal
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = 30
7 )
8
SQL> SELECT Sal
2 FROM Emp
SAL
-----
2850
1250
1600
1500
950
1250
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >ANY(
4 SELECT Sal
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = 30
7 );

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
12 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >(
4 SELECT MIN(Sal)
Mobile : 9030750090
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = 30
7* )
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >SOME(
4 SELECT Sal
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = 30
7* )
SQL> /

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
Mobile : 9030750090
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Sal

2 FROM Emp
SAL
-----
950
800
1100
1300

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal < ANY(SELECT Sal
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Job = 'CLERK');
EMPNO ENAME JOB

----- ---------- ---------
7369 SMITH CLERK
7900 JAMES CLERK
7876 ADAMS CLERK
7521 WARD SALESMAN
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE Job = 'CLERK')
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

----- ---------- --------- -----
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal < ANY(Select Sal
4 FROM Emp
6 AND Job <> 'CLERK';
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

Mobile : 9030750090
----- ---------- --------- -----

7 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Job = 'CLERK') AND
6* Job <> 'CLERK'
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

----- ---------- --------- -----
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT MGR

2 FROM Emp;
MGR
-----
7566
7698
7782
7788
7839
7902
7 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE MGR IN(SELECT DISTINCT MGR
4 FROM Emp);
SAL
-----
2975
2450
2850
1250
950
Mobile : 9030750090
1500
1600
1250
3000
3000
800
SAL
-----
1100
1300
13 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE MGR IN(SELECT DISTINCT MGR
6 FROM Emp)
7 );
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

----- ---------- --------- -----
11 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno IN(SELECT DISTINCT MGR
4 FROM Emp);
SAL
-----
2975
2850
2450
3000
5000
3000
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090

4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Empno IN(SELECT DISTINCT MGR
6 FROM Emp)
7 );
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

----- ---------- --------- -----
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

----- ---------- --------- -----
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Job, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal <ANY (SELECT Sal
4 FROM Emp
6 FROM Emp
WHERE Deptno = 20)
*
ERROR at line 7:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Job, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal <ANY (SELECT Sal
4 FROM Emp
6 FROM Emp
8* )
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO

Mobile : 9030750090
----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 10
7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 30
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 950 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 1250 30
7369 SMITH CLERK 800 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 10
11 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >ANY(SELECT Sal
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Job = 'CLERK');
EMPNO ENAME JOB

----- ---------- ---------
7839 KING PRESIDENT
7902 FORD ANALYST
7788 SCOTT ANALYST
7566 JONES MANAGER
7698 BLAKE MANAGER
7782 CLARK MANAGER
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7934 MILLER CLERK
7521 WARD SALESMAN
EMPNO ENAME JOB

----- ---------- ---------
7876 ADAMS CLERK
7900 JAMES CLERK
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >(SELECT MIN(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE Job = 'CLERK')
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB

----- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
7839 KING PRESIDENT

7698 BLAKE MANAGER
7782 CLARK MANAGER
7566 JONES MANAGER
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7900 JAMES CLERK
7521 WARD SALESMAN
7902 FORD ANALYST
7788 SCOTT ANALYST
EMPNO ENAME JOB

----- ---------- ---------
7876 ADAMS CLERK
7934 MILLER CLERK
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >ALL(SELECT AVG(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno);
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

----- ---------- --------- -----
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal >(SELECT MAX(AVG(Sal))
4 FROM Emp
5* GROUP BY Deptno)
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL

----- ---------- --------- -----
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal <ALL(SELECT AVG(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno);
Mobile : 9030750090
EMPNO JOB SAL

----- ---------- -----
7654 MARTIN 1250
7844 TURNER 1500
7900 JAMES 950
7521 WARD 1250
7369 SMITH 800
7876 ADAMS 1100
7934 MILLER 1300
7 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal <(SELECT MIN(AVG(Sal))
4 FROM Emp
5* GROUP BY Deptno)
SQL> /
EMPNO JOB SAL

----- ---------- -----
7654 MARTIN 1250
7844 TURNER 1500
7900 JAMES 950
7521 WARD 1250
7369 SMITH 800
7876 ADAMS 1100
7934 MILLER 1300
7 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal > (
4 SELECT MAX(Sal)
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = 30
7 ) AND
8 Deptno = (
9 SELECT Deptno
10 FROM Dept
11 WHERE Dname = 'RESEARCH'
12 );

---------- ----- ---------- ---------
JONES 2975 20 02-APR-81
FORD 3000 20 03-DEC-81
SCOTT 3000 20 09-DEC-82

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> WHERE (Sal, Deptno)SPOOL OFF

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "WHERE (Sal..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
SP2-0107: Nothing to save.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ProdId, Qty

2 FROM Item
3 WHERE OrdID = 605;
PRODID QTY
---------- ----------
100861 100
100870 500
100890 5
101860 50
101863 100
102130 10
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT OrdID, ProdID, Qty

2 FROM Item;
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
610 100890 1
611 100861 1
612 100860 100
601 200376 1
602 100870 20
604 100890 3
604 100861 2
604 100860 10
603 100860 4
610 100860 1
610 100870 3
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
613 200376 200
614 100860 444
614 100870 1000
612 100861 20
612 101863 150
620 100860 10
620 200376 1000
620 102130 500
613 100871 100
613 101860 200
613 200380 150
ORDID PRODID QTY

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ----------

619 102130 100
617 100860 50
617 100861 100
614 100871 1000
616 100861 10
616 100870 50
616 100890 2
616 102130 10
616 200376 10
619 200380 100
619 200376 100
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
615 100861 4
607 100871 1
615 100870 100
617 100870 500
617 100871 500
617 100890 500
617 101860 100
617 101863 200
617 102130 100
617 200376 200
617 200380 300
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
609 100870 5
609 100890 1
618 100860 23
618 100861 50
618 100870 10
621 100861 10
621 100870 100
615 100871 50
608 101860 1
608 100871 2
609 100861 1
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
606 102130 1
605 100861 100
605 100870 500
605 100890 5
605 101860 50
605 101863 100
605 102130 10
612 100871 100
619 100871 50
64 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT OrdID

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Item;
ORDID
----------
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
ORDID
----------
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
21 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT OrdID, COUNT(*) ItemCnt

2 FROM Item
3 GROUP BY OrdID;
ORDID ITEMCNT
---------- ----------
601 1
602 1
603 1
604 3
605 6
606 1
607 1
608 2
609 3
610 3
611 1
ORDID ITEMCNT
---------- ----------
612 4
613 4
614 3
615 3
616 5
Mobile : 9030750090
617 10
618 3
619 4
620 3
621 2
21 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ProdId, Qty

2 FROM Item
3 WHERE OrdID = 605;
PRODID QTY
---------- ----------
100861 100
100870 500
100890 5
101860 50
101863 100
102130 10
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Item
3 WHERE ProdID IN(100861, 100870, 100890, 101860, 101863, 102130) AND
4 OrdID <> 605;
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
610 100890 1
611 100861 1
602 100870 20
604 100890 3
604 100861 2
610 100870 3
614 100870 1000
612 100861 20
612 101863 150
620 102130 500
613 101860 200
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
619 102130 100
617 100861 100
616 100861 10
616 100870 50
616 100890 2
616 102130 10
615 100861 4
615 100870 100
617 100870 500
617 100890 500
Mobile : 9030750090
617 101860 100
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
617 101863 200
617 102130 100
609 100870 5
609 100890 1
618 100861 50
618 100870 10
621 100861 10
621 100870 100
608 101860 1
609 100861 1
606 102130 1
33 rows selected.

2 FROM Item
3 WHERE (ProdID, Qty) IN(SELECT ProdId, Qty
4 FROM Item
5 WHERE OrdID = 605) AND
6 OrdID <> 605;
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
617 100861 100
617 100870 500
616 102130 10

2 FROM Item
3 WHERE ProdID IN(SELECT ProdID
4 FROM Item
5 WHERE OrdID = 605)
6 AND Qty IN (SELECT Qty
7 FROM Item
8 WHERE OrdID = 605)
9 AND OrdID <> 605
10 /
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
616 100861 10
621 100861 10
618 100861 50
617 100861 100
618 100870 10
616 100870 50
609 100870 5
617 100870 500
615 100870 100
621 100870 100
617 100890 500

Mobile : 9030750090
ORDID PRODID QTY

---------- ---------- ----------
617 101860 100
616 102130 10
620 102130 500
619 102130 100
617 102130 100
16 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Item
3 WHERE (ProdID, Qty) IN(100861, 100);
WHERE (ProdID, Qty) IN(100861, 100)
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00920: invalid relational operator
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE (Deptno, Sal) IN (SELECT Deptno, MAX(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno);
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
SCOTT 20 3000
FORD 20 3000
BLAKE 30 2850

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno IN (SELECT Deptno
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno) AND
6 Sal IN (SELECT MAX(Sal)
7 FROM Emp
8 GROUP BY Deptno);
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
SCOTT 20 3000
FORD 20 3000
BLAKE 30 2850

2 VALUES(1234, 'SAMPLE01', 10, 3000);
1 row created.
Mobile : 9030750090

2 VALUES(1235, 'SAMPLE02', 10, 2850);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1236, 'SAMPLE03', 20, 2850);
1 row created.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE (Deptno, Sal) IN (SELECT Deptno, MAX(Sal)
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno);
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
SCOTT 20 3000
FORD 20 3000
BLAKE 30 2850

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno) AND
6 Sal IN (SELECT MAX(Sal)
7 FROM Emp
8 GROUP BY Deptno);
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
SCOTT 20 3000
FORD 20 3000
SAMPLE01 10 3000
BLAKE 30 2850
SAMPLE03 20 2850
SAMPLE02 10 2850
7 rows selected.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
3 /
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 300
TURNER 1500 0
JAMES 950
WARD 1250 500
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Comm IN(1400, 300, NULL);
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 300

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Comm NOT IN(1400, 300, NULL);
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Empno, MGR

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 7839
BLAKE 7698 7839
CLARK 7782 7839
JONES 7566 7839
MARTIN 7654 7698
ALLEN 7499 7698
TURNER 7844 7698
Mobile : 9030750090
JAMES 7900 7698

WARD 7521 7698
FORD 7902 7566
SMITH 7369 7902
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 7788 7566
ADAMS 7876 7788
MILLER 7934 7782
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT E.Ename

2 FROM Emp E
3 WHERE E.Empno IN(SELECT M.Mgr
4 FROM Emp M);
ENAME
----------
JONES
BLAKE
CLARK
SCOTT
KING
FORD
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT E.Ename
2 FROM Emp E
3 WHERE E.Empno NOT IN(SELECT M.Mgr
4* FROM Emp M)
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ED
1 SELECT E.Ename
2 FROM Emp E
3 WHERE E.Empno NOT IN(SELECT NVL(M.Mgr, 0)
4* FROM Emp M)
SQL> /
ENAME
----------
SMITH
ALLEN
WARD
MARTIN
TURNER
Mobile : 9030750090
ADAMS
JAMES
MILLER
8 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Comm IN(SELECT Comm
4 FROM Emp);
ENAME SAL COMM

---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 1250 1400
ALLEN 1600 300
TURNER 1500 0
WARD 1250 500
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Comm NOT IN(SELECT Comm
4* FROM Emp)
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Comm NOT IN(SELECT NVL(Comm, 0)
4* FROM Emp)
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, HireDate

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 10 5000 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 30 2850 01-MAY-81
CLARK 10 2450 09-JUN-81
JONES 20 2975 02-APR-81
MARTIN 30 1250 28-SEP-81
ALLEN 30 1600 20-FEB-81
TURNER 30 1500 08-SEP-81
Mobile : 9030750090
JAMES 30 950 03-DEC-81

WARD 30 1250 22-FEB-81
FORD 20 3000 03-DEC-81
SMITH 20 800 17-DEC-80

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 20 3000 09-DEC-82
ADAMS 20 1100 12-JAN-83
MILLER 10 1300 23-JAN-82
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM (
3 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, HireDate
4 FROM Emp
5* )
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 10 5000 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 30 2850 01-MAY-81
CLARK 10 2450 09-JUN-81
JONES 20 2975 02-APR-81
MARTIN 30 1250 28-SEP-81
ALLEN 30 1600 20-FEB-81
TURNER 30 1500 08-SEP-81
JAMES 30 950 03-DEC-81
WARD 30 1250 22-FEB-81
FORD 20 3000 03-DEC-81
SMITH 20 800 17-DEC-80

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 20 3000 09-DEC-82
ADAMS 20 1100 12-JAN-83
MILLER 10 1300 23-JAN-82
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Sal * 12 AnnSal, HireDate

2 FROM (
3 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, HireDate
4 FROM Emp
5* )
SQL> /
ENAME SAL ANNSAL HIREDATE

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

KING 5000 60000 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 2850 34200 01-MAY-81
CLARK 2450 29400 09-JUN-81
JONES 2975 35700 02-APR-81
MARTIN 1250 15000 28-SEP-81
ALLEN 1600 19200 20-FEB-81
TURNER 1500 18000 08-SEP-81
JAMES 950 11400 03-DEC-81
WARD 1250 15000 22-FEB-81
FORD 3000 36000 03-DEC-81
SMITH 800 9600 17-DEC-80
ENAME SAL ANNSAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SCOTT 3000 36000 09-DEC-82
ADAMS 1100 13200 12-JAN-83
MILLER 1300 15600 23-JAN-82
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
BLAKE 30 2850
CLARK 10 2450
JONES 20 2975
MARTIN 30 1250
ALLEN 30 1600
TURNER 30 1500
JAMES 30 950
WARD 30 1250
FORD 20 3000
SMITH 20 800
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 20 3000
Mobile : 9030750090
ADAMS 20 1100
MILLER 10 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno, AVG(Sal) SalAvg

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SALAVG
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
SQL> SELECT Ename, E.Deptno, Sal, AvgSal

2 FROM Emp E, (
3 SELECT Deptno, AVG(Sal) AvgSal
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno
6 ) E1
7 WHERE E.Deptno = E1.Deptno;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL AVGSAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 2916.66667
BLAKE 30 2850 1566.66667
CLARK 10 2450 2916.66667
JONES 20 2975 2175
MARTIN 30 1250 1566.66667
ALLEN 30 1600 1566.66667
TURNER 30 1500 1566.66667
JAMES 30 950 1566.66667
WARD 30 1250 1566.66667
FORD 20 3000 2175
SMITH 20 800 2175
ENAME DEPTNO SAL AVGSAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 20 3000 2175
ADAMS 20 1100 2175
MILLER 10 1300 2916.66667
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT E.Ename, E.Sal , E.Deptno, E1.SalAvg

2 FROM Emp E, (SELECT Deptno, AVG(Sal) SalAvg
3 FROM Emp
4 GROUP BY Deptno) E1
5 WHERE E.Deptno = E1.Deptno AND
6 E.Sal > E1.SalAvg;
ENAME SAL DEPTNO SALAVG

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 10 2916.66667
BLAKE 2850 30 1566.66667
Mobile : 9030750090
JONES 2975 20 2175

ALLEN 1600 30 1566.66667
FORD 3000 20 2175
SCOTT 3000 20 2175
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT E.Ename, E.Sal, E.Deptno,

2 ROUND(E1.SalAvg, 2) DeptAvgSal,
3 ROUND(E.Sal - E1.SalAvg) DiffSalAvg
5 FROM Emp
7 WHERE E.Deptno = E1.Deptno
8 ORDER BY Deptno
9 /
ENAME SAL DEPTNO DEPTAVGSAL DIFFSALAVG

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 10 2916.67 2083
CLARK 2450 10 2916.67 -467
MILLER 1300 10 2916.67 -1617
JONES 2975 20 2175 800
FORD 3000 20 2175 825
SMITH 800 20 2175 -1375
SCOTT 3000 20 2175 825
ADAMS 1100 20 2175 -1075
BLAKE 2850 30 1566.67 1283
MARTIN 1250 30 1566.67 -317
ALLEN 1600 30 1566.67 33
ENAME SAL DEPTNO DEPTAVGSAL DIFFSALAVG

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
TURNER 1500 30 1566.67 -67
JAMES 950 30 1566.67 -617
WARD 1250 30 1566.67 -317
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT E.Ename, E.Sal, E.Deptno, E1.SalSum

2 FROM Emp E, (SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal) SalSUM
3 FROM Emp
6 ORDER BY Deptno;
ENAME SAL DEPTNO SALSUM

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 10 8750
CLARK 2450 10 8750
MILLER 1300 10 8750
JONES 2975 20 10875
FORD 3000 20 10875
SMITH 800 20 10875
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT 3000 20 10875

ADAMS 1100 20 10875
BLAKE 2850 30 9400
MARTIN 1250 30 9400
ALLEN 1600 30 9400
ENAME SAL DEPTNO SALSUM

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
TURNER 1500 30 9400
JAMES 950 30 9400
WARD 1250 30 9400
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT T1.Deptno, Dname, Staff

2 FROM Dept T1,
3 (SELECT Deptno, COUNT(*) AS Staff
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno) T2
6 WHERE T1.Deptno = T2.Deptno
7 AND Staff >= 5;
DEPTNO DNAME STAFF

---------- -------------- ----------
20 RESEARCH 5
30 SALES 6
SQL> SELECT E.Deptno, Dname, COUNT(*) Staff

3 WHERE E.Deptno = D.Deptno
4 GROUP BY E.Deptno, Dname
5 HAVING COUNT(*) >= 5;
DEPTNO DNAME STAFF

---------- -------------- ----------
20 RESEARCH 5
30 SALES 6
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal),

2 SUM(Sal)/Tot_Sal * 100 "Salary%"
3 FROM Emp,
4 (SELECT SUM(Sal) Tot_Sal
5 FROM Emp)
6 GROUP BY Deptno, Tot_Sal;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL) Salary%

---------- ---------- ----------
10 8750 30.1464255
20 10875 37.4677003
30 9400 32.3858742
SQL> SELECT Job, SUM(Sal),

Mobile : 9030750090
2 ROUND(SUM(Sal)/Tot_Sal * 100, 2) "Salary%"

3 FROM Emp, (SELECT SUM(Sal) Tot_Sal
4 FROM Emp)
5 GROUP BY Job, Tot_Sal;
JOB SUM(SAL) Salary%

--------- ---------- ----------
CLERK 4150 14.3
ANALYST 6000 20.67
MANAGER 8275 28.51
SALESMAN 5600 19.29
PRESIDENT 5000 17.23
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Ename, Sal;
ENAME SAL SUM(SAL)

---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 3000 3000
KING 5000 5000
WARD 1250 1250
ADAMS 1100 1100
ALLEN 1600 1600
BLAKE 2850 2850
CLARK 2450 2450
JAMES 950 950
JONES 2975 2975
SCOTT 3000 3000
SMITH 800 800
ENAME SAL SUM(SAL)

---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 1250 1250
MILLER 1300 1300
TURNER 1500 1500
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, (SUM(Sal) / OrgSal) * 100

2 FROM Emp, (
3 SELECT SUM(Sal) OrgSal
4 FROM Emp
5 )
6* GROUP BY Ename, Sal, OrgSal
SQL> /
ENAME SAL (SUM(SAL)/ORGSAL)*100

---------- ---------- ---------------------
FORD 3000 10.3359173
KING 5000 17.2265289
Mobile : 9030750090
WARD 1250 4.30663221

ADAMS 1100 3.78983635
ALLEN 1600 5.51248923
BLAKE 2850 9.81912145
CLARK 2450 8.44099914
JAMES 950 3.27304048
JONES 2975 10.2497847
SCOTT 3000 10.3359173
SMITH 800 2.75624462
ENAME SAL (SUM(SAL)/ORGSAL)*100

---------- ---------- ---------------------
MARTIN 1250 4.30663221
MILLER 1300 4.4788975
TURNER 1500 5.16795866
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal,

2 TRUNC((SUM(Sal) / OrgSal) * 100, 2)||' % Share' "%Share"
3 FROM Emp, (
4 SELECT SUM(Sal) OrgSal
5 FROM Emp
6 )
7* GROUP BY Ename, Sal, OrgSal
SQL> /
ENAME SAL %Share

---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------
FORD 3000 10.33 % Share
KING 5000 17.22 % Share
WARD 1250 4.3 % Share
ADAMS 1100 3.78 % Share
ALLEN 1600 5.51 % Share
BLAKE 2850 9.81 % Share
CLARK 2450 8.44 % Share
JAMES 950 3.27 % Share
JONES 2975 10.24 % Share
SCOTT 3000 10.33 % Share
SMITH 800 2.75 % Share
ENAME SAL %Share

---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------
MARTIN 1250 4.3 % Share
MILLER 1300 4.47 % Share
TURNER 1500 5.16 % Share
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') Year,

2 SUM(Sal),
Mobile : 9030750090

5 FROM Emp)
6 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'), Tot_Sal;
YEAR SUM(SAL) Salary%

---- ---------- ----------
1980 800 2.76
1981 22825 78.64
1982 4300 14.81
1983 1100 3.79
SQL> SELECT
3 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month') "Month",
4 SUM(Sal),
7 FROM Emp)
8 WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') = &GiveYear
9 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'), TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month'), Tot_Sal;
Enter value for giveyear: 1981
old 8: WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') = &GiveYear
new 8: WHERE TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') = 1981
YEAR Month SUM(SAL) Salary%

---- --------- ---------- ----------
1981 April 2975 10.25
1981 December 3950 13.61
1981 February 2850 9.82
1981 June 2450 8.44
1981 May 2850 9.82
1981 November 5000 17.23
1981 September 2750 9.47
7 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT E.EmpCount, D.DeptCount, S.GradeCnt

2 FROM
3 (SELECT COUNT(*) EmpCount
4 FROM Emp) E,
5 (SELECT COUNT(*) DeptCount
6 FROM Dept) D,
7 (SELECT COUNT(*) GradeCnt FROM
8 SalGrade) S;
EMPCOUNT DEPTCOUNT GRADECNT

---------- ---------- ----------
14 4 5
SQL> SELECT
2 E.EmpCount,
3 D.DeptCount,
4 S.GradeCnt,
Mobile : 9030750090
5 E.EmpCount + D.DeptCount + S.GradeCnt TotalRecCnt

6 FROM
8 FROM Emp) E,
10 FROM Dept) D,
11 (SELECT COUNT(*) GradeCnt
12 FROM SalGrade) S;
EMPCOUNT DEPTCOUNT GRADECNT TOTALRECCNT

---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
14 4 5 23
SQL> SELECT
2 E.EmpCount,
3 D.DeptCount,
4 S.GradeCnt,
5 E.EmpCount + D.DeptCount + S.GradeCnt TotalRecCnt,
6 GREATEST(E.EmpCount, D.DeptCount, S.GradeCnt) HighRecinTab,
7 LEAST(E.EmpCount, D.DeptCount, S.GradeCnt) LowRecinTab
8 FROM
10 FROM Emp) E,
12 FROM Dept) D,
13 (SELECT COUNT(*) GradeCnt
14 FROM SalGrade) S;
EMPCOUNT DEPTCOUNT GRADECNT TOTALRECCNT HIGHRECINTAB LOWRECINTAB

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------
14 4 5 23 14 4
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT A.Deptno "Department Number",

2 (A.NumEmp / B.TotalCount ) * 100 "%Employees",
3 (A.SalSum / B.TotalSal ) * 100 "%Salary"
4 FROM
5 (SELECT Deptno, COUNT(*) NumEmp,
6 SUM(Sal) SalSum
7 FROM Emp
8 GROUP BY Deptno) A,
9 (SELECT COUNT(*) TotalCount,
10 SUM(Sal) TotalSal
11 FROM Emp) B;
Department Number %Employees %Salary

----------------- ---------- ----------
10 21.4285714 30.1464255
20 35.7142857 37.4677003
30 42.8571429 32.3858742
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250
ALLEN 1600
TURNER 1500
JAMES 950
WARD 1250
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, (SELECT SUM(Sal) FROM Emp) OrgSal FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL ORGSAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 29025
BLAKE 2850 29025
CLARK 2450 29025
JONES 2975 29025
MARTIN 1250 29025
ALLEN 1600 29025
TURNER 1500 29025
JAMES 950 29025
WARD 1250 29025
FORD 3000 29025
SMITH 800 29025
ENAME SAL ORGSAL

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 29025
ADAMS 1100 29025
MILLER 1300 29025
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
2 (SELECT SUM(Sal) FROM Emp) OrgSal,

3 (SELECT AVG(Sal) FROM Emp) OrgAvg
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL ORGSAL ORGAVG

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 29025 2073.21429
BLAKE 2850 29025 2073.21429
CLARK 2450 29025 2073.21429
JONES 2975 29025 2073.21429
MARTIN 1250 29025 2073.21429
ALLEN 1600 29025 2073.21429
TURNER 1500 29025 2073.21429
JAMES 950 29025 2073.21429
WARD 1250 29025 2073.21429
FORD 3000 29025 2073.21429
SMITH 800 29025 2073.21429
ENAME SAL ORGSAL ORGAVG

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 29025 2073.21429
ADAMS 1100 29025 2073.21429
MILLER 1300 29025 2073.21429
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal > (
4 SELECT AVG(Sal)
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = Deptno
7 )
8
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp OE
3 WHERE OE.Sal > (
4 SELECT AVG(Sal)
5 FROM Emp IE
6 WHERE IE.Deptno = OE.Deptno
7* )
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
BLAKE 30 2850
JONES 20 2975
ALLEN 30 1600
Mobile : 9030750090
FORD 20 3000
SCOTT 20 3000
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno, AVG(Sal) SalAvg

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SALAVG
---------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
SQL> SELECT Ename, OE.Deptno, Sal

2 FROM Emp OE, (
4 FROM Emp IE
5 GROUP BY Deptno
6 ) IE
7 WHERE OE.Deptno = IE.Deptno AND
8 OE.Sal > IE.SalAvg;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
SCOTT 20 3000
FORD 20 3000
JONES 20 2975
ALLEN 30 1600
BLAKE 30 2850
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp OE
3 WHERE OE.Sal > (
4 SELECT AVG(Sal)
5 FROM Emp IE
6 WHERE IE.Deptno = OE.Deptno
7 );
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
BLAKE 30 2850
JONES 20 2975
ALLEN 30 1600
FORD 20 3000
SCOTT 20 3000
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT Ename, OE.Deptno, Sal, SalAvg

2 FROM Emp OE, (
4 FROM Emp IE
5 GROUP BY Deptno
6 ) IE
7 WHERE OE.Deptno = IE.Deptno AND
8* OE.Sal > IE.SalAvg
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL SALAVG

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 2916.66667
SCOTT 20 3000 2175
FORD 20 3000 2175
JONES 20 2975 2175
ALLEN 30 1600 1566.66667
BLAKE 30 2850 1566.66667
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, E.Deptno, Sal, MGR

2 FROM Emp E
3 WHERE E.Sal > (
4 SELECT M.Sal
5 FROM Emp M
6 WHERE M.Empno = E.MGR
7 );
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO SAL MGR

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7902 FORD 20 3000 7566
7788 SCOTT 20 3000 7566
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, MGR

2 FROM Emp
EMPNO ENAME SAL MGR

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7566 JONES 2975 7839
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Dname

2 FROM Dept D
3 WHERE EXISTS (
4 SELECT *
5 FROM Emp E
7 );
DEPTNO DNAME
Mobile : 9030750090
---------- --------------
10 ACCOUNTING
30 SALES
20 RESEARCH

2 FROM Emp, Dept
SELECT Deptno, Dname
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Dept.Deptno, Dname

2 FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME
---------- --------------
10 ACCOUNTING
30 SALES
10 ACCOUNTING
20 RESEARCH
30 SALES
30 SALES
30 SALES
30 SALES
30 SALES
20 RESEARCH
20 RESEARCH
DEPTNO DNAME
---------- --------------
20 RESEARCH
20 RESEARCH
10 ACCOUNTING
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT DISTINCT Dept.Deptno, Dname

2 FROM Emp, Dept
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME
---------- --------------
10 ACCOUNTING
20 RESEARCH
Mobile : 9030750090
30 SALES
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Dept.Deptno, Dname

2 FROM Emp, Dept
4* GROUP BY Dept.Deptno, Dname
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME
---------- --------------
10 ACCOUNTING
20 RESEARCH
30 SALES
SQL> SELECT Dept.Deptno, Dname

2 FROM Dept
3 WHERE Dept.Deptno IN (
4 SELECT Deptno
5 FROM Emp
6* )
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME
---------- --------------
10 ACCOUNTING
30 SALES
20 RESEARCH
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Dept D
3 WHERE NOT EXISTS (
4 SELECT *
5 FROM Emp E
7 );
DEPTNO DNAME
---------- --------------
40 OPERATIONS
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT E.Ename

2 FROM Emp E
3 WHERE EXISTS (
4 SELECT *
5 FROM Emp E1
6 WHERE E1.Empno = E.Mgr
7 );
ENAME
Mobile : 9030750090
----------
BLAKE
CLARK
JONES
MARTIN
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
FORD
SMITH
SCOTT
ENAME
----------
ADAMS
MILLER
13 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename FROM Emp WHERE MGR IS NOT NULL;
ENAME
----------
BLAKE
CLARK
JONES
MARTIN
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
FORD
SMITH
SCOTT
ENAME
----------
ADAMS
MILLER
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT E.Ename

2 FROM Emp E
4 SELECT *
5 FROM Emp E1
6 WHERE E1.Empno = E.Mgr
7 );
ENAME
----------
KING
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT E.Ename

2 FROM Emp E
3 WHERE EXISTS (
4 SELECT *
5 FROM Emp E1
6 WHERE E1.Mgr = E.Empno
7 );
ENAME
----------
KING
BLAKE
JONES
FORD
SCOTT
CLARK
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT E.Ename

2 FROM Emp E
4 SELECT *
5 FROM Emp E1
6 WHERE E1.Mgr = E.Empno
7 );
ENAME
----------
TURNER
WARD
MARTIN
ALLEN
MILLER
SMITH
ADAMS
JAMES
8 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR;
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK
JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 7839 PRESIDENT
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090

39 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Job = 'PRESIDENT'
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 7839 PRESIDENT
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Ename = 'KING'
4* CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR
SQL> /
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 7839 PRESIDENT
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 7839 PRESIDENT
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Sal = 5000
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB SAL

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE 7698 7839 MANAGER 2850
MARTIN 7654 7698 SALESMAN 1250
ALLEN 7499 7698 SALESMAN 1600
TURNER 7844 7698 SALESMAN 1500
JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950
WARD 7521 7698 SALESMAN 1250
CLARK 7782 7839 MANAGER 2450
MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK 1300
JONES 7566 7839 MANAGER 2975
FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST 3000

Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800
SCOTT 7788 7566 ANALYST 3000
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Sal = (SELECT MAX(Sal)
4 FROM Emp)

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Sal IN (SELECT Sal
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Job = 'ANALYST')

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
6 FROM
Dept
7
WHERE Dname = 'ACCOUNTING')
8 )

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job, Sal

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
6 FROM
Dept
7
WHERE Dname = 'RESEARCH')
8 )
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090

ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Emp
6 FROM
Dept
7
WHERE Dname = 'SALES')
8 )
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Ename = (SELECT Ename
5 WHERE Emp.Sal BETWEEN SalGrade.LOSAL AND
SalGrade.HiSal
6 AND grade = 5)

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------

ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Empno, MGR, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Job = 'ANALYST'
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Empno, MGR, Job

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Ename = 'JONES'
SQL> /
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
4* CONNECT BY Empno = PRIOR MGR
SQL> /
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 7839 PRESIDENT
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
KING 7839 PRESIDENT
KING 7839 PRESIDENT
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
4 CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR
5 /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
5 AND Job = 'MANAGER';

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090

SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job = 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Ename = 'BLAKE'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
6 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 START WITH Ename = 'CLARK'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
4 CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR AND
5* Job = 'MANAGER'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
5 AND Job = 'MANAGER';

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* AND Job = 'SALESMAN'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* AND Job = 'MANAGER' OR Job = 'SALESMAN'
SQL> /
ERROR:
ORA-01436: CONNECT BY loop in user data
no rows selected
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* AND Job = 'MANAGER' AND Job = 'SALESMAN'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* AND (Job = 'MANAGER' OR Job = 'SALESMAN')
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
5* AND Job IN('MANAGER', 'SALESMAN')
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
8 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
5 AND Job <> 'SALESMAN';

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
10 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* AND Job <> 'CLERK'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090

10 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* AND Job <> 'ANALYST'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
10 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job <> 'ANALYST'
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090


---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
5 AND Job <> 'SALESMAN'
6 AND Sal > 1500;

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Job <> 'SALESMAN' AND Sal > 1500

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
6 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM Dept
5 WHERE DName = 'SALES')
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job, Sal,

2 ROUND(SalAvg, 2) SalAvg
4 FROM Emp
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB SAL SALAVG

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
KING 7839 PRESIDENT 5000 2916.67
CLARK 7782 7839 MANAGER 2450 2916.67
MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK 1300 2916.67
JONES 7566 7839 MANAGER 2975 2175
SCOTT 7788 7566 ANALYST 3000 2175
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100 2175
FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST 3000 2175
SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800 2175
BLAKE 7698 7839 MANAGER 2850 1566.67
WARD 7521 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67
JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950 1566.67

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
TURNER 7844 7698 SALESMAN 1500 1566.67
ALLEN 7499 7698 SALESMAN 1600 1566.67
MARTIN 7654 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job, Sal,

2 ROUND(SalAvg, 2) SalAvg
4 FROM Emp
7 E1.Deptno = (SELECT Deptno
8 FROM Dept
9 WHERE Dname = 'SALES')
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 7698 7839 MANAGER 2850 1566.67
WARD 7521 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67
JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950 1566.67
TURNER 7844 7698 SALESMAN 1500 1566.67
ALLEN 7499 7698 SALESMAN 1600 1566.67
MARTIN 7654 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job, Sal, ROUND(SalAvg, 2) SalAvg, ROUND(((SELECT
AVG(Sal) FROM Emp) - SalAvg), 2) AvgDif
3 FROM Emp
7 FROM Dept
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB SAL SALAVG AVGDIF

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 7698 7839 MANAGER 2850 1566.67 506.55
WARD 7521 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67 506.55
JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950 1566.67 506.55
TURNER 7844 7698 SALESMAN 1500 1566.67 506.55
ALLEN 7499 7698 SALESMAN 1600 1566.67 506.55
MARTIN 7654 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67 506.55
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job, Sal, ROUND(SalAvg, 2) SalAvg, ROUND(((SELECT

3 FROM Emp
7 FROM Dept
9 START WITH Ename = (
10 SELECT Ename
11 FROM Emp
12 WHERE Sal = (
13 SELECT
14 MAX(Sal)
15 FROM Emp
16 WHERE Deptno = (
17 SELECT Deptno
Mobile : 9030750090
18 FROM Dept
19 WHERE Dname = 'ACCOUNTING'
20 )
21 )
22 )
SQL> /
ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB SAL SALAVG AVGDIF

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE 7698 7839 MANAGER 2850 1566.67 506.55
WARD 7521 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67 506.55
JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950 1566.67 506.55
TURNER 7844 7698 SALESMAN 1500 1566.67 506.55
ALLEN 7499 7698 SALESMAN 1600 1566.67 506.55
MARTIN 7654 7698 SALESMAN 1250 1566.67 506.55
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job, Sal, ROUND(SalAvg, 2) SalAvg, ROUND(((SELECT

3 FROM Emp
7 FROM Dept
9 START WITH Ename = (
10 SELECT Ename
11 FROM Emp
12 WHERE Sal = (
13 SELECT
14 MAX(Sal)
15 FROM Emp
16 WHERE Deptno = (
17 SELECT Deptno
18 FROM Dept
19 WHERE Dname = 'ACCOUNTING'
20 )
21 )
22 )
SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Job,

2 CONNECT_BY_ROOT(Ename) Boss
3 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME SAL JOB BOSS

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT KING
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER KING
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN KING
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN KING
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN KING
JAMES 950 CLERK KING
WARD 1250 SALESMAN KING
CLARK 2450 MANAGER KING
MILLER 1300 CLERK KING
JONES 2975 MANAGER KING
FORD 3000 ANALYST KING
ENAME SAL JOB BOSS

---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SMITH 800 CLERK KING
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST KING
ADAMS 1100 CLERK KING
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Sal, Job,

2 CONNECT_BY_ROOT(Job) BossJob
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB BOSSJOB

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER PRESIDENT
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN PRESIDENT
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN PRESIDENT
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN PRESIDENT
JAMES 950 CLERK PRESIDENT
WARD 1250 SALESMAN PRESIDENT
CLARK 2450 MANAGER PRESIDENT
MILLER 1300 CLERK PRESIDENT
JONES 2975 MANAGER PRESIDENT
FORD 3000 ANALYST PRESIDENT
ENAME SAL JOB BOSSJOB

---------- ---------- --------- ---------
SMITH 800 CLERK PRESIDENT
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST PRESIDENT
ADAMS 1100 CLERK PRESIDENT
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED

2 CONNECT_BY_ROOT(Sal) - Sal DiffBossEmpSal
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB DIFFBOSSEMPSAL

---------- ---------- --------- --------------
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN 3750
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN 3400
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN 3500
JAMES 950 CLERK 4050
WARD 1250 SALESMAN 3750
FORD 3000 ANALYST 2000
ENAME SAL JOB DIFFBOSSEMPSAL

---------- ---------- --------- --------------
SMITH 800 CLERK 4200
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST 2000
ADAMS 1100 CLERK 3900
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Sal EmpSal,

2 CONNECT_BY_ROOT(Sal) BossSal,
3 CONNECT_BY_ROOT(Sal) - Sal DiffBossEmpSal
4 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME JOB EMPSAL BOSSSAL DIFFBOSSEMPSAL

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 5000 0
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 5000 2150
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 5000 3750
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 5000 3400
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 5000 3500
JAMES CLERK 950 5000 4050
WARD SALESMAN 1250 5000 3750
CLARK MANAGER 2450 5000 2550
MILLER CLERK 1300 5000 3700
JONES MANAGER 2975 5000 2025
FORD ANALYST 3000 5000 2000
Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME JOB EMPSAL BOSSSAL DIFFBOSSEMPSAL

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------------
SMITH CLERK 800 5000 4200
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 5000 2000
ADAMS CLERK 1100 5000 3900
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 CONNECT_BY_ROOT(Ename) BossName
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME JOB BOSSNAME

---------- --------- ----------
KING PRESIDENT KING
SQL> ED

3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME JOB BOSSNAME

---------- --------- ----------
SCOTT ANALYST SCOTT
JONES MANAGER SCOTT
KING PRESIDENT SCOTT
FORD ANALYST FORD
JONES MANAGER FORD
KING PRESIDENT FORD
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

3 FROM Emp
4 START WITH Empno = 7839
SQL> /
ENAME JOB BOSSNAME

---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING PRESIDENT KING

BLAKE MANAGER KING
MARTIN SALESMAN KING
ALLEN SALESMAN KING
TURNER SALESMAN KING
JAMES CLERK KING
WARD SALESMAN KING
CLARK MANAGER KING
MILLER CLERK KING
JONES MANAGER KING
FORD ANALYST KING
ENAME JOB BOSSNAME

---------- --------- ----------
SMITH CLERK KING
SCOTT ANALYST KING
ADAMS CLERK KING
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

3 FROM Emp
4 START WITH MGR = 7839
SQL> /
ENAME JOB BOSSNAME

---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE MANAGER BLAKE
MARTIN SALESMAN BLAKE
ALLEN SALESMAN BLAKE
TURNER SALESMAN BLAKE
JAMES CLERK BLAKE
WARD SALESMAN BLAKE
CLARK MANAGER CLARK
MILLER CLERK CLARK
JONES MANAGER JONES
FORD ANALYST JONES
SMITH CLERK JONES
ENAME JOB BOSSNAME

---------- --------- ----------
SCOTT ANALYST JONES
ADAMS CLERK JONES
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ENAME Name, HireDate,

2 CONNECT_BY_ROOT Ename Boss,
3 CONNECT_BY_ROOT HireDate BossHire,
Mobile : 9030750090
4 ROUND(CONNECT_BY_ROOT HireDate - HireDate) Days

5 FROM EMP
7 CONNECT BY PRIOR EMPNO = MGR;
NAME HIREDATE BOSS BOSSHIRE DAYS

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
KING 17-NOV-81 KING 17-NOV-81 0
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 KING 17-NOV-81 200
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 KING 17-NOV-81 50
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 KING 17-NOV-81 270
TURNER 08-SEP-81 KING 17-NOV-81 70
JAMES 03-DEC-81 KING 17-NOV-81 -16
WARD 22-FEB-81 KING 17-NOV-81 268
CLARK 09-JUN-81 KING 17-NOV-81 161
MILLER 23-JAN-82 KING 17-NOV-81 -67
JONES 02-APR-81 KING 17-NOV-81 229
FORD 03-DEC-81 KING 17-NOV-81 -16

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 KING 17-NOV-81 335
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 KING 17-NOV-81 -387
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 KING 17-NOV-81 -421
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ENAME Name, HireDate,

5 FROM EMP
6 WHERE
7 ROUND(CONNECT_BY_ROOT HireDate - HireDate) = &GVal
9* CONNECT BY PRIOR EMPNO = MGR
SQL> /
Enter value for gval: 1
no rows selected
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ENAME Name, HireDate,

5 FROM EMP
6 WHERE
7 SIGN(ROUND(CONNECT_BY_ROOT HireDate - HireDate)) = &GVal
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 KING 17-NOV-81 200
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 KING 17-NOV-81 50
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 KING 17-NOV-81 270
TURNER 08-SEP-81 KING 17-NOV-81 70
WARD 22-FEB-81 KING 17-NOV-81 268
CLARK 09-JUN-81 KING 17-NOV-81 161
JONES 02-APR-81 KING 17-NOV-81 229
SMITH 17-DEC-80 KING 17-NOV-81 335
8 rows selected.
SQL> /
Enter value for gval: -1

---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
JAMES 03-DEC-81 KING 17-NOV-81 -16
MILLER 23-JAN-82 KING 17-NOV-81 -67
FORD 03-DEC-81 KING 17-NOV-81 -16
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 KING 17-NOV-81 -387
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 KING 17-NOV-81 -421
SQL> cl cr
SP2-0158: unknown CLEAR option "cr"
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ENAME Name, HireDate

2 FROM EMP
3 WHERE
SQL> /
START WITH Job = 'PRESIDENT'
*
ERROR at line 4:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ENAME Name, HireDate

2 FROM EMP
SQL> /
NAME HIREDATE
Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------
KING 17-NOV-81
BLAKE 01-MAY-81
MARTIN 28-SEP-81
ALLEN 20-FEB-81
TURNER 08-SEP-81
JAMES 03-DEC-81
WARD 22-FEB-81
CLARK 09-JUN-81
MILLER 23-JAN-82
JONES 02-APR-81
FORD 03-DEC-81
NAME HIREDATE
---------- ---------
SMITH 17-DEC-80
SCOTT 09-DEC-82
ADAMS 12-JAN-83
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN Path FORMAT A35

SQL> SELECT Ename,
2 SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Ename, '/') "Path"
3 FROM Emp
ENAME Path
---------- -----------------------------------
KING /KING
BLAKE /KING/BLAKE
MARTIN /KING/BLAKE/MARTIN
ALLEN /KING/BLAKE/ALLEN
TURNER /KING/BLAKE/TURNER
JAMES /KING/BLAKE/JAMES
WARD /KING/BLAKE/WARD
CLARK /KING/CLARK
MILLER /KING/CLARK/MILLER
JONES /KING/JONES
FORD /KING/JONES/FORD
ENAME Path
---------- -----------------------------------
SMITH /KING/JONES/FORD/SMITH
SCOTT /KING/JONES/SCOTT
ADAMS /KING/JONES/SCOTT/ADAMS
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
Mobile : 9030750090
2 SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Ename, '=>') "Path"

3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME Path
---------- -----------------------------------
KING =>KING
BLAKE =>KING=>BLAKE
MARTIN =>KING=>BLAKE=>MARTIN
ALLEN =>KING=>BLAKE=>ALLEN
TURNER =>KING=>BLAKE=>TURNER
JAMES =>KING=>BLAKE=>JAMES
WARD =>KING=>BLAKE=>WARD
CLARK =>KING=>CLARK
MILLER =>KING=>CLARK=>MILLER
JONES =>KING=>JONES
FORD =>KING=>JONES=>FORD
ENAME Path
---------- -----------------------------------
SMITH =>KING=>JONES=>FORD=>SMITH
SCOTT =>KING=>JONES=>SCOTT
ADAMS =>KING=>JONES=>SCOTT=>ADAMS
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING
7698 BLAKE 7839
7782 CLARK 7839
7566 JONES 7839
7654 MARTIN 7698
7499 ALLEN 7698
7844 TURNER 7698
7900 JAMES 7698
7521 WARD 7698
7902 FORD 7566
7369 SMITH 7902
EMPNO ENAME MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT 7566
7876 ADAMS 7788
7934 MILLER 7782
14 rows selected.
SQL> UPDATE Emp

Mobile : 9030750090
2 SET MGR = 7566

1 row updated.

2 FROM Emp;
EMPNO ENAME MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
7839 KING 7566
7698 BLAKE 7839
7782 CLARK 7839
7566 JONES 7839
7654 MARTIN 7698
7499 ALLEN 7698
7844 TURNER 7698
7900 JAMES 7698
7521 WARD 7698
7902 FORD 7566
7369 SMITH 7902
EMPNO ENAME MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT 7566
7876 ADAMS 7788
7934 MILLER 7782
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, MGR

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ERROR:
no rows selected
SQL> SELECT Ename,

2 SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Sal, '/') "SalPath"
3 FROM Emp
5 CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR Empno = MGR;
ENAME
----------
SalPath
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KING
Mobile : 9030750090
/5000
BLAKE
/5000/2850
MARTIN
/5000/2850/1250
ENAME
----------
SalPath
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALLEN
/5000/2850/1600
TURNER
/5000/2850/1500
JAMES
/5000/2850/950
ENAME
----------
SalPath
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WARD
/5000/2850/1250
CLARK
/5000/2450
MILLER
/5000/2450/1300
ENAME
----------
SalPath
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JONES
/5000/2975
FORD
/5000/2975/3000
SMITH
/5000/2975/3000/800
ENAME
----------
SalPath
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT
Mobile : 9030750090
/5000/2975/3000
ADAMS
/5000/2975/3000/1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN "SalPath" FORMAT A25

SQL> /
ENAME SalPath
---------- -------------------------
KING /5000
BLAKE /5000/2850
MARTIN /5000/2850/1250
ALLEN /5000/2850/1600
TURNER /5000/2850/1500
JAMES /5000/2850/950
WARD /5000/2850/1250
CLARK /5000/2450
MILLER /5000/2450/1300
JONES /5000/2975
FORD /5000/2975/3000
ENAME SalPath
---------- -------------------------
SMITH /5000/2975/3000/800
SCOTT /5000/2975/3000
ADAMS /5000/2975/3000/1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK
2 /
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
3 FROM Emp
5* CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR;
SQL> /
CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR;
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00911: invalid character

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SalPath
---------- -------------------------
KING /5000
BLAKE /5000/2850
MARTIN /5000/2850/1250
ALLEN /5000/2850/1600
TURNER /5000/2850/1500
JAMES /5000/2850/950
WARD /5000/2850/1250
CLARK /5000/2450
MILLER /5000/2450/1300
JONES /5000/2975
FORD /5000/2975/3000
ENAME SalPath
---------- -------------------------
SMITH /5000/2975/3000/800
SCOTT /5000/2975/3000
ADAMS /5000/2975/3000/1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
3 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY Sal
SQL> /
ENAME SalPath
---------- -------------------------
SMITH /5000/2975/3000/800
JAMES /5000/2850/950
ADAMS /5000/2975/3000/1100
MARTIN /5000/2850/1250
WARD /5000/2850/1250
MILLER /5000/2450/1300
TURNER /5000/2850/1500
ALLEN /5000/2850/1600
CLARK /5000/2450
BLAKE /5000/2850
Mobile : 9030750090
JONES /5000/2975
ENAME SalPath
---------- -------------------------
FORD /5000/2975/3000
SCOTT /5000/2975/3000
KING /5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
JAMES 950 CLERK
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
MILLER 1300 CLERK
JONES 2975 MANAGER
FORD 3000 ANALYST
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 CLERK
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* ORDER SIBLINGS BY Sal
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
Mobile : 9030750090
CLARK 2450 MANAGER

MILLER 1300 CLERK
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
JAMES 950 CLERK
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
JONES 2975 MANAGER
FORD 3000 ANALYST
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 CLERK
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
5* ORDER SIBLINGS BY Ename
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN
JAMES 950 CLERK
WARD 1250 SALESMAN
CLARK 2450 MANAGER
MILLER 1300 CLERK
JONES 2975 MANAGER
FORD 3000 ANALYST
ENAME SAL JOB

---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 CLERK
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST
ADAMS 1100 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT SequenceName.CURRVAL

2
SQL> SELECT SequenceName.NEXTVAL
2
SQL> INSERT INTO TableName
2 VALUES(SequenceName.CURRVAL,
3
SQL> INSERT INTO TableName
2 VALUES(SequenceName.NEXTVAL,
3
SQL> UPDATE TableName
2 SET
3 ColumnName = SequenceName.CURRVAL
4
SQL> UPDATE TableName
2 SET
3 ColumnName = SequenceName.NEXTVAL
4
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 SequenceName1.CURRVAL, SequenceName1.NEXTVAL
3
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE Sample01

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4)
4 Constraint SampID_PK01 PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.
SQL> CREATE SEQUENCE SampleSeq01

2 INCREMENT BY 1
3 START WITH 0
4 MINVALUE 0
5 MAXVALUE 5
6 NOCACHE
7 NOCYCLE
8 /
Sequence created.
SQL> SELECT SampleSeq01.CURRVAL FROM DUAL;

SELECT SampleSeq01.CURRVAL FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08002: sequence SAMPLESEQ01.CURRVAL is not yet defined in this session

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROM Sample01;
no rows selected
SQL> INSERT INTO Sample01

2 (SampID, SampName, SampDate)
3 VALUES
4 (SampleSeq01.NEXTVAL, 'SAMPLE', '31-AUG-05');
1 row created.
CURRVAL
----------
0

---------- ------------------------- ---------
0 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05

3 VALUES
1 row created.
CURRVAL
----------
1

---------- ------------------------- ---------
0 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
1 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
1 INSERT INTO Sample01
3 VALUES
Mobile : 9030750090
4* (SampleSeq01.NEXTVAL, 'SAMPLE', '31-AUG-05')
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
INSERT INTO Sample01
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08004: sequence SAMPLESEQ01.NEXTVAL exceeds MAXVALUE and cannot be
instantiated
CURRVAL
----------
5
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4)
4 Constraint SampID_PK02 PRIMARY KEY,
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table created.

2 INCREMENT BY 1
3 START WITH 0
4 MINVALUE 0
5 MAXVALUE 5
6 NOCACHE
Mobile : 9030750090
7 CYCLE
8 /
Sequence created.

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
CURRVAL
----------
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ------------------------- ---------
0 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
1 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
2 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
3 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
4 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
5 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
6 rows selected.

3 VALUES
INSERT INTO Sample02
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.SAMPID_PK02) violated
CURRVAL
----------
0
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4)
5 SampDate DATE
6 );
(
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE Sample03

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4),
5 SampDate DATE
6* )
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
Table created.
SQL> cl scr

2 INCREMENT BY 1
3 START WITH 10
4 MINVALUE 0
5 MAXVALUE 20
6 NOCACHE
7 CYCLE
8 /
Sequence created.

3 VALUES
1 row created.
CURRVAL
----------
10

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.

---------- ------------------------- ---------
10 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
Mobile : 9030750090
11 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
12 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
13 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
14 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
15 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
16 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
17 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
18 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
19 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
20 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
11 rows selected.

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> /
1 row created.
CURRVAL
----------
2

---------- ------------------------- ---------
10 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
11 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
12 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
13 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
14 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
15 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
16 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
17 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
18 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
19 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
20 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05

---------- ------------------------- ---------
0 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
1 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
2 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05

Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4)
5 SampDate DATE
6 );
(
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE Sample04

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4),
5 SampDate DATE
6* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> cl scr

2 INCREMENT BY 10
3 START WITH 0
4 MINVALUE 0
5 MAXVALUE 100
6 NOCACHE
7 NOCYCLE
8 /
Sequence created.

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.

---------- ------------------------- ---------
0 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
10 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
20 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
30 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4),
5 SampDate DATE
6 );
Table created.

2 INCREMENT BY -1
3 START WITH 10
4 MINVALUE 0
5 MAXVALUE 10
6 NOCACHE
7 NOCYCLE
8 /
Sequence created.

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
Mobile : 9030750090

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.

---------- ------------------------- ---------
10 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
9 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
8 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
SQL> cl scr

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4),
5 SampDate DATE
6 );
Table created.

2 INCREMENT BY 1
3 START WITH 0
4 MINVALUE 0
5 MAXVALUE 20
6 NOCACHE
7 NOCYCLE
8 /
Sequence created.

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT SampleSeq06.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL;
NEXTVAL
----------
3
SQL> R
1* SELECT SampleSeq06.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL
NEXTVAL
----------
4
SQL> R
1* SELECT SampleSeq06.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL
NEXTVAL
----------
5

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ------------------------- ---------
0 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
1 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
2 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
6 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
7 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
8 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
6 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE TABLE Sample07_1

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4),
5 SampDate DATE
6 );
Table created.
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE Sample07_2

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4),
5 SampDate DATE
6* )
SQL> /
Table created.
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE Sample07_3

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4),
5 SampDate DATE
6* )
SQL> /
Table created.

2 INCREMENT BY 1
3 START WITH 0
4 MINVALUE 0
5 MAXVALUE 20
6 NOCACHE
7 NOCYCLE
8 /

Mobile : 9030750090
Sequence created.
SQL> INSERT INTO Sample07_1

3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
1 INSERT INTO Sample07_1
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> ED

3 VALUES
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090

3 VALUES
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> R
3 VALUES
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM Sample07_1;

---------- ------------------------- ---------
0 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
1 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
2 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05

---------- ------------------------- ---------
3 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
4 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
5 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05

---------- ------------------------- ---------
6 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
7 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
8 SAMPLE 31-AUG-05
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC USER_OBJECTS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128)
SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
OBJECT_ID NUMBER
Mobile : 9030750090
DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER
OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19)
CREATED DATE
LAST_DDL_TIME DATE
TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19)
STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1)
SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)
SQL> COLUMN OBJECT_NAME FORMAT A25

SQL> COLUMN OBJECT_TYPE FORMAT A20
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE
2 FROM USER_OBJECTS
3 ORDER BY OBJECT_TYPE;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE
------------------------- --------------------
SAMPID_PK01 INDEX
SAMPID_PK02 INDEX
EMP_PRIMARY_KEY INDEX
DEPT_PRIMARY_KEY INDEX
ORD_PRIMARY_KEY INDEX
PRODUCT_PRIMARY_KEY INDEX
PRICE_INDEX INDEX
ITEM_PRIMARY_KEY INDEX
CUSTOMER_PRIMARY_KEY INDEX
ORDID SEQUENCE
PRODID SEQUENCE
------------------------- --------------------
SAMPLESEQ03 SEQUENCE
CUSTID SEQUENCE
SAMPLE TABLE
PRICE TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
------------------------- --------------------
BONUS TABLE
EMP TABLE
DEPT TABLE
SAMPLE07_3 TABLE
SAMPLE07_2 TABLE
SAMPLE07_1 TABLE
SAMPLE06 TABLE
SAMPLE05 TABLE
SAMPLE04 TABLE
ITEM TABLE
Mobile : 9030750090
ORD TABLE
------------------------- --------------------
CUSTOMER TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
SAMPLE03 TABLE
SAMPLE02 TABLE
STUDENTS TABLE
SAMPLETAB TABLE
SAMPLESP TABLE
SAMPLEINS TABLE
SAMPLE01 TABLE
SALES VIEW
44 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC USER_SEQUENCES

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SEQUENCE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
MIN_VALUE NUMBER
MAX_VALUE NUMBER
INCREMENT_BY NOT NULL NUMBER
CYCLE_FLAG VARCHAR2(1)
ORDER_FLAG VARCHAR2(1)
CACHE_SIZE NOT NULL NUMBER
LAST_NUMBER NOT NULL NUMBER
SQL> COLUMN SEQUENCE_NAME FORMAT A15

SQL> COLUMN MIN_VALUE FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN MAX_VALUE FORMAT 999
SQL> COLUMN INCREMENT_BY FORMAT 999
SQL> COLUMN LAST_NUMBER FORMAT 99
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE_NAME, MIN_VALUE, MAX_VALUE, INCREMENT_BY, LAST_NUMBER
2 FROM USER_SEQUENCES
3 WHERE SEQUENCE_NAME = 'SAMPLESEQ0'||'&GVal';
SEQUENCE_NAME MIN_VALUE MAX_VALUE INCREMENT_BY LAST_NUMBER

--------------- --------- --------- ------------ -----------
SAMPLESEQ01 0 5 1 6
SQL> SELECT SAMPLESEQ01.CURRVAL FROM DUAL;

SELECT SAMPLESEQ01.CURRVAL FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> SELECT SAMPLESEQ01.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL;

SELECT SAMPLESEQ01.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL
*
Mobile : 9030750090
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08004: sequence SAMPLESEQ01.NEXTVAL exceeds MAXVALUE and cannot be
instantiated
SQL> SELECT SAMPLESEQ01.CURRVAL FROM DUAL;

SELECT SAMPLESEQ01.CURRVAL FROM DUAL
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
LEVEL ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
1 KING 5000 10 PRESIDENT
2 BLAKE 2850 30 MANAGER
3 MARTIN 1250 30 SALESMAN
3 ALLEN 1600 30 SALESMAN
Mobile : 9030750090
3 TURNER 1500 30 SALESMAN

3 JAMES 950 30 CLERK
3 WARD 1250 30 SALESMAN
2 CLARK 2450 10 MANAGER
3 MILLER 1300 10 CLERK
2 JONES 2975 20 MANAGER
3 FORD 3000 20 ANALYST
LEVEL ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
4 SMITH 800 20 CLERK
3 SCOTT 3000 20 ANALYST
4 ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job

2* FROM Emp
3 /
FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01788: CONNECT BY clause required in this query block
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN Org_Level FORMAT A15

SQL> SELECT
2 LPAD(LEVEL, ((2 * LEVEL) - 1)) Org_Level,
3 Ename, Empno, Mgr, Job
4 FROM Emp
ORG_LEVEL ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
1 KING 7839 PRESIDENT
ORG_LEVEL ENAME EMPNO MGR JOB

--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LPAD(LEVEL, ((2 * LEVEL) - 1))||' '||Ename Org_Level, Empno, Mgr, Job
3 FROM Emp
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LPAD(LEVEL, ((2 * LEVEL) - 1))||' '||Ename Org_Level, Empno, Mgr, Job
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ORG_LEVEL EMPNO MGR JOB

--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------

--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LPAD(' ', ((2 * LEVEL) - 1))||Ename Org_Level, Empno, Mgr, Job
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /

--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING 7839 PRESIDENT


--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 LPAD(' ', ((2 * LEVEL) - 1))||' '||Ename Org_Chart,
3 Empno, MGR, Job , Sal
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Job != 'ANALYST'
ORG_CHART
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPNO MGR JOB SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
KING
7839 PRESIDENT 5000
BLAKE
7698 7839 MANAGER 2850
MARTIN
7654 7698 SALESMAN 1250
ORG_CHART
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPNO MGR JOB SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ALLEN
7499 7698 SALESMAN 1600
TURNER
7844 7698 SALESMAN 1500
JAMES
7900 7698 CLERK 950
Mobile : 9030750090
ORG_CHART
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPNO MGR JOB SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
WARD
7521 7698 SALESMAN 1250
CLARK
7782 7839 MANAGER 2450
MILLER
7934 7782 CLERK 1300
ORG_CHART
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMPNO MGR JOB SAL
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
JONES
7566 7839 MANAGER 2975
SMITH
7369 7902 CLERK 800
ADAMS
7876 7788 CLERK 1100
12 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN Org_Chart FORMAT A20

SQL> /
ORG_CHART EMPNO MGR JOB SAL

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
12 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
2 LPAD(LEVEL, ((2 * LEVEL) - 1))||' '||Ename Org_Chart,
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Job != 'ANALYST'
SQL> /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
1 KING 7839 PRESIDENT 5000
2 BLAKE 7698 7839 MANAGER 2850
3 MARTIN 7654 7698 SALESMAN 1250
3 ALLEN 7499 7698 SALESMAN 1600
3 TURNER 7844 7698 SALESMAN 1500
3 JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950
3 WARD 7521 7698 SALESMAN 1250
2 CLARK 7782 7839 MANAGER 2450
3 MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK 1300
2 JONES 7566 7839 MANAGER 2975
4 SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
4 ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 START WITH Ename = 'BLAKE'
SQL> /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
2 JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
SQL> /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
2 FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST 3000
3 SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800
2 SCOTT 7788 7566 ANALYST 3000
3 ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
3 Empno, MGR, Job, Sal
4 FROM Emp
7 AND LEVEL <= 2;

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE LEVEL <= 2
8 /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE LEVEL = 2
SQL> /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
7* LEVEL = 2
SQL> /
LEVEL = 2
*
ERROR at line 7:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
7* LEVEL = 2
SQL> /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090

4 FROM Emp
7* LEVEL = 2
SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 LPAD(' ', ((2 * LEVEL) - 1))||Ename Org_Chart,
4 FROM Emp
6 CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR Empno = MGR
7 AND LEVEL = 2;

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
4 FROM Emp
7 AND LEVEL IN(2, 4);

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
7* AND LEVEL IN(2, 3, 4)
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
3 JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950
3 MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK 1300
3 FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST 3000

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
4 SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800
4 ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE LEVEL IN(2, 4)
7* CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR Empno = MGR
8 /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
4 SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800
4 ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE LEVEL NOT IN(2, 4)
SQL> /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090

3 JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950
3 MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK 1300
3 FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST 3000
9 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE MOD(LEVEL, 2) = 0

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
4 SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800
4 ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE MOD(LEVEL, 2) = 1
SQL> /

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
3 JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950
3 MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK 1300
3 FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST 3000
9 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE LEVEL BETWEEN 2 AND 4

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
3 JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK 950
3 MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK 1300
3 FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST 3000
4 SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK 800

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
4 ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK 1100
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
4 FROM Emp
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE LEVEL = 2
9 CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR)

-------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
3 Empno, Dept.Deptno, Dname, Sal
4 FROM Emp, Dept
5 WHERE Sal > (SELECT MAX(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE LEVEL = 2
Mobile : 9030750090

9 CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR) AND Dept.Deptno =
Emp.Deptno
ORG_CHART EMPNO DEPTNO DNAME SAL

-------------------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------
1 KING 7839 10 ACCOUNTING 5000
3 SCOTT 7788 20 RESEARCH 3000
3 FORD 7902 20 RESEARCH 3000
SQL> SELECT
3 Empno, Dept.Deptno, Dname, Sal, Grade
4 FROM Emp, Dept, SalGrade
5 WHERE Sal > (SELECT MAX(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE LEVEL = 2
9 CONNECT BY PRIOR Empno = MGR) AND Dept.Deptno =
Emp.Deptno AND
10 Sal BETWEEN Losal AND HiSal
ORG_CHART EMPNO DEPTNO DNAME SAL GRADE

-------------------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 7839 10 ACCOUNTING 5000 5
3 FORD 7902 20 RESEARCH 3000 4
3 SCOTT 7788 20 RESEARCH 3000 4
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT LEVEL, MAX(Sal)

2 FROM EMP
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR Sal > Sal
4 GROUP BY LEVEL;
LEVEL MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
1 5000
2 3000
3 2975
4 2850
5 2450
6 1600
7 1500
8 1300
9 1250
10 1100
11 950
LEVEL MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
12 800
Mobile : 9030750090
12 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MIN(Sal)

2 FROM EMP
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR Sal < Sal
4* GROUP BY LEVEL
SQL> /
LEVEL MIN(SAL)
---------- ----------
1 800
2 950
3 1100
4 1250
5 1300
6 1500
7 1600
8 2450
9 2850
10 2975
11 3000
LEVEL MIN(SAL)
---------- ----------
12 5000
12 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT MIN(Sal)
2 FROM EMP
3* GROUP BY Sal
SQL> /
MIN(SAL)
----------
800
950
1100
1250
1300
1500
1600
2450
2850
2975
3000
MIN(SAL)
----------
Mobile : 9030750090
5000
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MAX(Ename)

2 FROM EMP
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR Ename > Ename
4* GROUP BY LEVEL;
SQL> /
GROUP BY LEVEL;
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00911: invalid character
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MAX(Ename)

2 FROM EMP
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR Ename > Ename
4* GROUP BY LEVEL
SQL> /
LEVEL MAX(ENAME)
---------- ----------
1 WARD
2 TURNER
3 SMITH
4 SCOTT
5 MILLER
6 MARTIN
7 KING
8 JONES
9 JAMES
10 FORD
11 CLARK
LEVEL MAX(ENAME)
---------- ----------
12 BLAKE
13 ALLEN
14 ADAMS
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MIN(Ename)

2 FROM EMP
Mobile : 9030750090
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR Ename < Ename

4* GROUP BY LEVEL
SQL> /
LEVEL MIN(ENAME)
---------- ----------
1 ADAMS
2 ALLEN
3 BLAKE
4 CLARK
5 FORD
6 JAMES
7 JONES
8 KING
9 MARTIN
10 MILLER
11 SCOTT
LEVEL MIN(ENAME)
---------- ----------
12 SMITH
13 TURNER
14 WARD
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MIN(HireDate)

2 FROM EMP
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR HireDate < HireDate
4* GROUP BY LEVEL
SQL> /
LEVEL MIN(HIRED
---------- ---------
1 17-DEC-80
2 20-FEB-81
3 22-FEB-81
4 02-APR-81
5 01-MAY-81
6 09-JUN-81
7 08-SEP-81
8 28-SEP-81
9 17-NOV-81
10 03-DEC-81
11 23-JAN-82
LEVEL MIN(HIRED
---------- ---------
12 09-DEC-82
13 12-JAN-83
13 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MAX(HireDate)

2 FROM EMP
4* GROUP BY LEVEL
SQL> /
LEVEL MAX(HIRED
---------- ---------
1 12-JAN-83
2 12-JAN-83
3 12-JAN-83
4 12-JAN-83
5 12-JAN-83
6 12-JAN-83
7 12-JAN-83
8 12-JAN-83
9 12-JAN-83
10 12-JAN-83
11 12-JAN-83
LEVEL MAX(HIRED
---------- ---------
12 12-JAN-83
13 12-JAN-83
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MAX(HireDate)

2 FROM EMP
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR HireDate > HireDate
4* GROUP BY LEVEL
SQL> /
LEVEL MAX(HIRED
---------- ---------
1 12-JAN-83
2 09-DEC-82
3 23-JAN-82
4 03-DEC-81
5 17-NOV-81
6 28-SEP-81
7 08-SEP-81
8 09-JUN-81
9 01-MAY-81
10 02-APR-81
11 22-FEB-81
LEVEL MAX(HIRED
---------- ---------
12 20-FEB-81
Mobile : 9030750090
13 17-DEC-80
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT LEVEL, MAX(Ename), MAX(HireDate)

2 FROM EMP
3 CONNECT BY PRIOR HireDate > HireDate
4* GROUP BY LEVEL
SQL> /
LEVEL MAX(ENAME) MAX(HIRED

---------- ---------- ---------
1 WARD 12-JAN-83
2 WARD 09-DEC-82
3 WARD 23-JAN-82
4 WARD 03-DEC-81
5 WARD 17-NOV-81
6 WARD 28-SEP-81
7 WARD 08-SEP-81
8 WARD 09-JUN-81
9 WARD 01-MAY-81
10 WARD 02-APR-81
11 WARD 22-FEB-81
LEVEL MAX(ENAME) MAX(HIRED

---------- ---------- ---------
12 SMITH 20-FEB-81
13 SMITH 17-DEC-80
13 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM EMP
4 GROUP BY LEVEL;
LEVEL MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
1 5000
2 3000
3 2975
4 2850
5 2450
6 1600
7 1500
8 1300
9 1250
10 1100
11 950
Mobile : 9030750090
LEVEL MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
12 800
12 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM EMP
3 WHERE LEVEL = &LEVELNO
5 GROUP BY LEVEL;
Enter value for levelno: 1
LEVEL MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
1 5000
SQL> /
LEVEL MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
2 3000
SQL> /
LEVEL MAX(SAL)
---------- ----------
3 2975

2 FROM Emp
4 FROM EMP
7 GROUP BY LEVEL);

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> /
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT LEVEL, MIN(Sal)

2 FROM EMP
5 GROUP BY LEVEL;
LEVEL MIN(SAL)
---------- ----------
1 800
SQL> /
LEVEL MIN(SAL)
---------- ----------
2 950

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal = (SELECT MIN(Sal)
4 FROM EMP
7 GROUP BY LEVEL);

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT LEVEL, MIN(HireDate) Senior

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM EMP
5 GROUP BY LEVEL;
LEVEL SENIOR
---------- ---------
1 17-DEC-80
SQL> /
LEVEL SENIOR
---------- ---------
5 01-MAY-81
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, HireDate

2 FROm Emp
3 WHERE HireDate = (SELECT MIN(HireDate)
4 FROM EMP
6 CONNECT BY
7 PRIOR HireDate < HireDate
8 GROUP BY LEVEL);
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80
SQL> /
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> /
ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------
ALLEN 1600 20-FEB-81
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN "Path" FORMAT A30

SQL> SELECT
2 Ename Employee,
3 CONNECT_BY_ROOT Ename "Manager",
4 LEVEL - 1 "Pathlen",
5 SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Ename, '/') "Path"
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE LEVEL > 1 AND Deptno = &Deptno
Mobile : 9030750090
Enter value for deptno: 20
EMPLOYEE Manager Pathlen Path

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
SMITH FORD 1 /FORD/SMITH
ADAMS SCOTT 1 /SCOTT/ADAMS
FORD JONES 1 /JONES/FORD
SMITH JONES 2 /JONES/FORD/SMITH
SCOTT JONES 1 /JONES/SCOTT
ADAMS JONES 2 /JONES/SCOTT/ADAMS
JONES KING 1 /KING/JONES
FORD KING 2 /KING/JONES/FORD
SMITH KING 3 /KING/JONES/FORD/SMITH
SCOTT KING 2 /KING/JONES/SCOTT
ADAMS KING 3 /KING/JONES/SCOTT/ADAMS
11 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Name,
3 SUM(Sal) "Total Salary"
4 FROM (
5 SELECT
6 CONNECT_BY_ROOT Ename AS Name,
7 Sal
8 FROM Emp
9 WHERE Deptno = &GiveDeptno
11 )
12 GROUP BY Name;
Enter value for givedeptno: 20
NAME Total Salary

---------- ------------
ADAMS 1100
FORD 3800
JONES 10875
KING 10875
SCOTT 4100
SMITH 800
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT SUM(Sal) FROm Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> cl ascr
SP2-0158: unknown CLEAR option "ascr"
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
2 Ename Employee,
3 CONNECT_BY_ROOT Empno "Root",
4 LEVEL,
5 SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Ename, '/') NamePath
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Level <= 4 AND Deptno = &GiveDeptno
9 CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR Empno = MGR AND
10 LEVEL <= 4;
EMPLOYEE Root LEVEL

---------- ---------- ----------
NAMEPATH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BLAKE 7839 2
/KING/BLAKE
MARTIN 7839 3
/KING/BLAKE/MARTIN
ALLEN 7839 3
/KING/BLAKE/ALLEN
EMPLOYEE Root LEVEL

---------- ---------- ----------
NAMEPATH
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TURNER 7839 3
/KING/BLAKE/TURNER
JAMES 7839 3
/KING/BLAKE/JAMES
WARD 7839 3
/KING/BLAKE/WARD
6 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN NAMEPATH FORMAT A30

SQL> /
EMPLOYEE Root LEVEL NAMEPATH

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
BLAKE 7839 2 /KING/BLAKE
MARTIN 7839 3 /KING/BLAKE/MARTIN
ALLEN 7839 3 /KING/BLAKE/ALLEN
TURNER 7839 3 /KING/BLAKE/TURNER
JAMES 7839 3 /KING/BLAKE/JAMES
WARD 7839 3 /KING/BLAKE/WARD
6 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWNUM, Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp;
ROWNUM ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000 10
2 BLAKE 2850 30
3 CLARK 2450 10
4 JONES 2975 20
5 MARTIN 1250 30
6 ALLEN 1600 30
7 TURNER 1500 30
8 JAMES 950 30
9 WARD 1250 30
10 FORD 3000 20
11 SMITH 800 20

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
12 SCOTT 3000 20
13 ADAMS 1100 20
14 MILLER 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ROWNUM, Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 BLAKE 2850 30
2 MARTIN 1250 30
3 ALLEN 1600 30
4 TURNER 1500 30
5 JAMES 950 30
6 WARD 1250 30
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
1 KING 5000 10
2 CLARK 2450 10
3 MILLER 1300 10
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* ORDER BY Sal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
11 SMITH 800 20
8 JAMES 950 30
13 ADAMS 1100 20
5 MARTIN 1250 30
9 WARD 1250 30
14 MILLER 1300 10
7 TURNER 1500 30
6 ALLEN 1600 30
3 CLARK 2450 10
2 BLAKE 2850 30
4 JONES 2975 20

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 FORD 3000 20
12 SCOTT 3000 20
1 KING 5000 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWNUM, Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp;
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
2 BLAKE 2850
3 CLARK 2450
4 JONES 2975
5 MARTIN 1250
6 ALLEN 1600
7 TURNER 1500
8 JAMES 950
9 WARD 1250
10 FORD 3000
11 SMITH 800
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
12 SCOTT 3000
13 ADAMS 1100
14 MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ROWNUM, Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE ROWNUM = 1
SQL> /
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE ROWNUM = 2
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE ROWNUM <= 5
SQL> /
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
2 BLAKE 2850
3 CLARK 2450
4 JONES 2975
5 MARTIN 1250
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE ROWNUM >= 5
SQL> /
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> COLUMN SelectGraph FORMAT A16

SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 LPAD('*' , ROWNUM, '*') SelectGraph
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME SELECTGRAPH
---------- ----------------
KING *
BLAKE **
CLARK ***
JONES ****
MARTIN *****
ALLEN ******
TURNER *******
JAMES ********
WARD *********
FORD **********
SMITH ***********
ENAME SELECTGRAPH
---------- ----------------
SCOTT ************
ADAMS *************
MILLER **************
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT ROWNUM, Ename

2 FROM Emp;
ROWNUM ENAME
---------- ----------
1 KING
2 BLAKE
3 CLARK
4 JONES
5 MARTIN
6 ALLEN
7 TURNER
8 JAMES
9 WARD
10 FORD
11 SMITH
ROWNUM ENAME
---------- ----------
12 SCOTT
13 ADAMS
14 MILLER
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 ORDER BY Sal;
Mobile : 9030750090
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
11 SMITH 800
8 JAMES 950
13 ADAMS 1100
5 MARTIN 1250
9 WARD 1250
14 MILLER 1300
7 TURNER 1500
6 ALLEN 1600
3 CLARK 2450
2 BLAKE 2850
4 JONES 2975
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
10 FORD 3000
12 SCOTT 3000
1 KING 5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Ename, Sal,
3 LPAD('*' , ROWNUM, '*') SelectGraph
4 FROM Emp
5* ORDER BY Sal
SQL> /
ENAME SAL SELECTGRAPH

---------- ---------- ----------------
SMITH 800 ***********
JAMES 950 ********
ADAMS 1100 *************
MARTIN 1250 *****
WARD 1250 *********
MILLER 1300 **************
TURNER 1500 *******
ALLEN 1600 ******
CLARK 2450 ***
BLAKE 2850 **
JONES 2975 ****
ENAME SAL SELECTGRAPH

---------- ---------- ----------------
FORD 3000 **********
SCOTT 3000 ************
KING 5000 *
14 rows selected.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr

SQL> COLUMN RecGraph FORMAT A20
SQL> COLUMN SalGraph FORMAT A20
SQL> SELECT
2 Ename,
3 LPAD('*' , ROWNUM, '*' ) SelectGraph,
4 LPAD('*', Sal/500, '*') SalGraph,
5 LPAD('*', (SYSDATE-HireDate)/500, '*') RecGraph
6 FROM Emp;
ENAME SELECTGRAPH SALGRAPH RECGRAPH

---------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
KING * ********** ********************
*
BLAKE ** ***** ********************

*
CLARK *** **** ********************

*
JONES **** ***** ********************

*

---------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
MARTIN ***** ** ********************

*
ALLEN ****** *** ********************

*
TURNER ******* *** ********************

*
JAMES ******** * ********************

---------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
WARD ********* ** ********************
*
FORD ********** ****** ********************

SMITH *********** * ********************
*
SCOTT ************ ****** ********************

ADAMS ************* ** ********************
MILLER ************** ** ********************
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090

SQL> COLUMN SALGRAPH FORMAT A18
SQL> /
ENAME SELECTGRAPH SALGRAPH

---------- --------------- ------------------
RECGRAPH
-----------------------------------
KING * **********
*********************
BLAKE ** *****
*********************
CLARK *** ****

*********************

---------- --------------- ------------------
RECGRAPH
-----------------------------------
JONES **** *****
*********************
MARTIN ***** **
*********************
ALLEN ****** ***

*********************

---------- --------------- ------------------
RECGRAPH
-----------------------------------
TURNER ******* ***
*********************
JAMES ******** *
********************
WARD ********* **
*********************

---------- --------------- ------------------
RECGRAPH
-----------------------------------
FORD ********** ******
********************
SMITH *********** *
*********************
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT ************ ******

********************

---------- --------------- ------------------
RECGRAPH
-----------------------------------
ADAMS ************* **
********************
MILLER ************** **
********************
14 rows selected.

SQL> /

---------- --------------- ------------------ ------------------------------
KING * ********** *********************
BLAKE ** ***** *********************
CLARK *** **** *********************
JONES **** ***** *********************
MARTIN ***** ** *********************
ALLEN ****** *** *********************
TURNER ******* *** *********************
JAMES ******** * ********************
WARD ********* ** *********************
FORD ********** ****** ********************
SMITH *********** * *********************

---------- --------------- ------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT ************ ****** ********************
ADAMS ************* ** ********************
MILLER ************** ** ********************
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> R
1 SELECT
2 Ename,
3 LPAD('*' , ROWNUM, '*' ) SelectGraph,
4 LPAD('*', Sal/500, '*') SalGraph,
5 LPAD('*', (SYSDATE-HireDate)/500, '*') RecGraph
6* FROM Emp

---------- --------------- ------------------ ------------------------------
KING * ********** *********************
Mobile : 9030750090
BLAKE ** ***** *********************

CLARK *** **** *********************
JONES **** ***** *********************
MARTIN ***** ** *********************
ALLEN ****** *** *********************
TURNER ******* *** *********************
JAMES ******** * ********************
WARD ********* ** *********************
FORD ********** ****** ********************
SMITH *********** * *********************

---------- --------------- ------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT ************ ****** ********************
ADAMS ************* ** ********************
MILLER ************** ** ********************
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

SQL> SELECT
2 LPAD('*', ((2 * LEVEL) - 1))||Ename Org_Chart,
3 Empno, MGR, Job
4 FROM Emp
ORG_CHART EMPNO MGR JOB

--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
*KING 7839 PRESIDENT
*BLAKE 7698 7839 MANAGER
*MARTIN 7654 7698 SALESMAN
*ALLEN 7499 7698 SALESMAN
*TURNER 7844 7698 SALESMAN
*JAMES 7900 7698 CLERK
*WARD 7521 7698 SALESMAN
*CLARK 7782 7839 MANAGER
*MILLER 7934 7782 CLERK
*JONES 7566 7839 MANAGER
*FORD 7902 7566 ANALYST
ORG_CHART EMPNO MGR JOB

--------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
*SMITH 7369 7902 CLERK
*SCOTT 7788 7566 ANALYST
*ADAMS 7876 7788 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 LPAD('*', ((2 * LEVEL) - 1)) LevelVAL, Ename Org_Chart
Mobile : 9030750090
3 FROM Emp
SQL> /
LEVELVAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORG_CHART
---------------
*
KING
*
BLAKE
*
MARTIN
LEVELVAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORG_CHART
---------------
*
ALLEN
*
TURNER
*
JAMES
LEVELVAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORG_CHART
---------------
*
WARD
*
CLARK
*
MILLER
LEVELVAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORG_CHART
---------------
*
JONES
*
FORD
Mobile : 9030750090
*
SMITH
LEVELVAL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORG_CHART
---------------
*
SCOTT
*
ADAMS
14 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN LEVELVAL FORMAT A15

SQL> /
LEVELVAL ORG_CHART
--------------- ---------------
* KING
* BLAKE
* MARTIN
* ALLEN
* TURNER
* JAMES
* WARD
* CLARK
* MILLER
* JONES
* FORD
LEVELVAL ORG_CHART
--------------- ---------------
* SMITH
* SCOTT
* ADAMS
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWNUM "S.No", SUM(ROWNUM) Sum

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE ROWNUM <= &GSeqVal;
Enter value for gseqval: 5
SELECT ROWNUM "S.No", SUM(ROWNUM) Sum
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED
Mobile : 9030750090
1 SELECT ROWNUM "S.No", SUM(ROWNUM) Sum

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE ROWNUM <= &GSeqVal
4* GROUP BY ROWNUM
SQL> /
Enter value for gseqval: 5
S.No SUM
---------- ----------
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE ROWNUM < 6
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC;
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
4 JONES 2975
2 BLAKE 2850
3 CLARK 2450
5 MARTIN 1250
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM (SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job
3 FROM Emp
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC)
5 WHERE ROWNUM < 6;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT LEVEL, ROWNUM, Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE ROWNUM < 6
LEVEL ROWNUM ENAME SAL

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 1 KING 5000
2 2 BLAKE 2850
3 4 ALLEN 1600
3 5 TURNER 1500
3 3 MARTIN 1250
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWNUM, E1.*

2 FROM (SELECT ROWNUM, Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job
3 FROM Emp
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC) E1
5 WHERE ROWNUM < 6;
ROWNUM ROWNUM ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
1 1 KING 5000 10 PRESIDENT
2 10 FORD 3000 20 ANALYST
3 12 SCOTT 3000 20 ANALYST
4 4 JONES 2975 20 MANAGER
5 2 BLAKE 2850 30 MANAGER
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT RN, Ename, Sal

2 FROM (SELECT ROWNUM RN, Ename, Sal
3 FROM Emp)
4 WHERE RN = &GiveRn;
Enter value for givern: 1
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
SQL> /
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
2 BLAKE 2850
SQL> /
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
3 CLARK 2450
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWNUM, Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY ROWNUM, Ename, Sal, Deptno
4 HAVING ROWNUM = &GRownum;
Enter value for grownum: 1
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000 10
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
2 BLAKE 2850 30
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
3 CLARK 2450 10
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT RN, E2.Ename, E2.Sal

2 FROM (SELECT ROWNUM RN, E1.*
4 FROM Emp
5 ORDER BY Sal DESC) E1) E2
6 WHERE RN = &GiveSalNum;
Enter value for givesalnum: 1
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
SQL> /
Enter value for givesalnum: 2
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
2 FORD 3000
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, E.Deptno, Dname, Grade

2 FROM Emp E, Dept D, Salgrade S
3 WHERE Sal IN (SELECT E2.Sal
6 FROM Emp
8 WHERE E2.RN = &Rn)
9 AND E.Deptno = D.Deptno AND
10 E.Sal BETWEEN S.Losal AND S.HiSal;
Enter value for rn: 1
ENAME SAL DEPTNO DNAME GRADE

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------
KING 5000 10 ACCOUNTING 5

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
Enter value for rn: 2

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 20 RESEARCH 4
FORD 3000 20 RESEARCH 4
SQL> cl scr

3 FROM Emp)
4 WHERE MOD(RN, 2) = 0;
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
2 BLAKE 2850
4 JONES 2975
6 ALLEN 1600
8 JAMES 950
10 FORD 3000
12 SCOTT 3000
14 MILLER 1300
7 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT RN, Ename, Sal

3 FROM Emp)
4* WHERE MOD(RN, 2) = 1
SQL> /
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
3 CLARK 2450
5 MARTIN 1250
7 TURNER 1500
9 WARD 1250
11 SMITH 800
13 ADAMS 1100
7 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

3 FROM Emp)
4 WHERE RN BETWEEN &GineRn1 AND &GiveRn2;
Enter value for ginern1: 1
Enter value for givern2: 5
Mobile : 9030750090
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
2 BLAKE 2850
3 CLARK 2450
4 JONES 2975
5 MARTIN 1250
SQL> /
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
6 ALLEN 1600
7 TURNER 1500
8 JAMES 950
9 WARD 1250
10 FORD 3000
SQL> /
RN ENAME SAL
---------- ---------- ----------
11 SMITH 800
12 SCOTT 3000
13 ADAMS 1100
14 MILLER 1300
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY ROWNUM, Ename, Sal
4 HAVING ROWNUM BETWEEN &GiveRowNum1 AND &GiveRowNum2;
Enter value for giverownum1: 1
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 5000
2 BLAKE 2850
3 CLARK 2450
4 JONES 2975
5 MARTIN 1250
SQL> /
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
6 ALLEN 1600
Mobile : 9030750090
7 TURNER 1500
8 JAMES 950
9 WARD 1250
10 FORD 3000
SQL> /
ROWNUM ENAME SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
11 SMITH 800
12 SCOTT 3000
13 ADAMS 1100
14 MILLER 1300
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, E.Deptno, Dname, Grade

2 FROM Emp E, Dept D, Salgrade S
3 WHERE Sal IN (SELECT E2.Sal
6 FROM Emp
8 WHERE E2.RN BETWEEN &RN1 AND &RN2)
9 AND E.Deptno = D.Deptno AND
10 E.Sal BETWEEN S.Losal AND S.HiSal;
Enter value for rn1: 1
Enter value for rn2: 6

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------
KING 5000 10 ACCOUNTING 5
SCOTT 3000 20 RESEARCH 4
FORD 3000 20 RESEARCH 4
JONES 2975 20 RESEARCH 4
BLAKE 2850 30 SALES 4
CLARK 2450 10 ACCOUNTING 4
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWID, Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp;
ROWID ENAME SAL DEPTNO

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAA KING 5000 10
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAB BLAKE 2850 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAC CLARK 2450 10
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAD JONES 2975 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAE MARTIN 1250 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAF ALLEN 1600 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAG TURNER 1500 30
Mobile : 9030750090
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAH JAMES 950 30

AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAI WARD 1250 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAJ FORD 3000 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAK SMITH 800 20

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAL SCOTT 3000 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAM ADAMS 1100 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAN MILLER 1300 10
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE ROWID =
4 'AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAI';

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = 'WARD';

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
20)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE ROWID = 'AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAI';

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 TABLE ACCESS (BY USER ROWID) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=1 Card
=1 Bytes=20)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ROWID, Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE ROWID < 'AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAI'
SQL> /

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAA KING 5000 10
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAB BLAKE 2850 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAC CLARK 2450 10
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAD JONES 2975 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAE MARTIN 1250 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAF ALLEN 1600 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAG TURNER 1500 30
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAH JAMES 950 30
8 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
20)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ROWID, Ename, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE ROWID > 'AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAI'
SQL> /

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAJ FORD 3000 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAK SMITH 800 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAL SCOTT 3000 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAM ADAMS 1100 20
AAANCuAAEAAAAG/AAN MILLER 1300 10
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
20)
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE ROWID = 'AAAMoOAAEAAAAzXAAJ';
FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01410: invalid ROWID
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT B.Sal, SUM(A.Sal) "Cum Sal"

2 FROM Emp A, Emp B
3 WHERE A.ROWID < = B.ROWID
4 GROUP BY B.ROWID, B.Sal;
SAL Cum Sal

---------- ----------
5000 5000
2850 7850
2450 10300
2975 13275
1250 14525
1600 16125
1500 17625
950 18575
1250 19825
3000 22825
800 23625
SAL Cum Sal

---------- ----------
3000 26625
1100 27725
1300 29025
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)

2 1 MERGE JOIN (Cost=8 Card=10 Bytes=220)
3 2 SORT (JOIN) (Cost=4 Card=14 Bytes=154)
Bytes=154)

Mobile : 9030750090

Bytes=154)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT B.Ename, B.Sal, Sum(A.Sal) "Cum Sal"

2 FROM Emp A, Emp B
4 GROUP BY B.ROWID, B.Sal, B.Ename
5 ORDER BY "Cum Sal"
6 /
ENAME SAL Cum Sal

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 7850
CLARK 2450 10300
JONES 2975 13275
MARTIN 1250 14525
ALLEN 1600 16125
TURNER 1500 17625
JAMES 950 18575
WARD 1250 19825
FORD 3000 22825
SMITH 800 23625
ENAME SAL Cum Sal

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 26625
ADAMS 1100 27725
MILLER 1300 29025
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
80)

5 4 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=
14 Bytes=238)

14 Bytes=154)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT B.Ename, B.Sal,

2 Sum(A.Sal) "Cum Sal",
3 AVG(A.Sal) "Mov Avg"
4 FROM Emp A, Emp B
6 GROUP BY B.ROWID, B.Sal, B.Ename
7* ORDER BY "Cum Sal"
SQL> /
ENAME SAL Cum Sal Mov Avg

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 5000 5000
BLAKE 2850 7850 3925
CLARK 2450 10300 3433.33333
JONES 2975 13275 3318.75
MARTIN 1250 14525 2905
ALLEN 1600 16125 2687.5
TURNER 1500 17625 2517.85714
JAMES 950 18575 2321.875
WARD 1250 19825 2202.77778
FORD 3000 22825 2282.5
SMITH 800 23625 2147.72727
ENAME SAL Cum Sal Mov Avg

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000 26625 2218.75
ADAMS 1100 27725 2132.69231
MILLER 1300 29025 2073.21429
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
80)

14 Bytes=238)

14 Bytes=154)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 7839
BLAKE 7698 7839
MARTIN 7654 7698
ALLEN 7499 7698
TURNER 7844 7698
JAMES 7900 7698
WARD 7521 7698
CLARK 7782 7839
MILLER 7934 7782
JONES 7566 7839
FORD 7902 7566
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 7369 7902
SCOTT 7788 7566
ADAMS 7876 7788
14 rows selected.
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET MGR = 7566
1 row updated.

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 7839 7566
BLAKE 7698 7839
CLARK 7782 7839
JONES 7566 7839
MARTIN 7654 7698
ALLEN 7499 7698
TURNER 7844 7698
JAMES 7900 7698
WARD 7521 7698
FORD 7902 7566
SMITH 7369 7902

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 7788 7566
ADAMS 7876 7788
MILLER 7934 7782
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
ERROR:
no rows selected
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Empno, MGR

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 7839 7566
BLAKE 7698 7839
MARTIN 7654 7698
ALLEN 7499 7698
TURNER 7844 7698
JAMES 7900 7698
WARD 7521 7698
CLARK 7782 7839
MILLER 7934 7782
JONES 7566 7839
FORD 7902 7566
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 7369 7902
SCOTT 7788 7566
ADAMS 7876 7788
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN SalPath FORMAT A20

SQL> SELECT Ename,
2 CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE "Cycle",
3 LEVEL,
Mobile : 9030750090

5 FROM Emp
ENAME Cycle LEVEL SalPath

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
KING 0 1 /5000
BLAKE 0 2 /5000/2850
MARTIN 0 3 /5000/2850/1250
ALLEN 0 3 /5000/2850/1600
TURNER 0 3 /5000/2850/1500
JAMES 0 3 /5000/2850/950
WARD 0 3 /5000/2850/1250
CLARK 0 2 /5000/2450
MILLER 0 3 /5000/2450/1300
JONES 1 2 /5000/2975
FORD 0 3 /5000/2975/3000

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
SMITH 0 4 /5000/2975/3000/800
SCOTT 0 3 /5000/2975/3000
ADAMS 0 4 /5000/2975/3000/1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE "Cycle",
3 LEVEL,
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE = &GCycle
SQL> /
Enter value for gcycle: 0

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
KING 0 1 /5000
BLAKE 0 2 /5000/2850
MARTIN 0 3 /5000/2850/1250
ALLEN 0 3 /5000/2850/1600
TURNER 0 3 /5000/2850/1500
JAMES 0 3 /5000/2850/950
WARD 0 3 /5000/2850/1250
CLARK 0 2 /5000/2450
MILLER 0 3 /5000/2450/1300
FORD 0 3 /5000/2975/3000
SMITH 0 4 /5000/2975/3000/800

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------

SCOTT 0 3 /5000/2975/3000
ADAMS 0 4 /5000/2975/3000/1100
13 rows selected.
SQL> /
Enter value for gcycle: 1

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
JONES 1 2 /5000/2975
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 7839
BLAKE 7698 7839
MARTIN 7654 7698
ALLEN 7499 7698
TURNER 7844 7698
JAMES 7900 7698
WARD 7521 7698
CLARK 7782 7839
MILLER 7934 7782
JONES 7566 7839
FORD 7902 7566
ENAME EMPNO MGR

---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 7369 7902
SCOTT 7788 7566
ADAMS 7876 7788
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename "Employee", CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF "IsLeaf",

2 LEVEL, SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Ename, '/') "Path"
3 FROM Emp
Employee IsLeaf LEVEL

---------- ---------- ----------
Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090
KING 0 1
/KING
BLAKE 0 2
/KING/BLAKE
MARTIN 1 3
/KING/BLAKE/MARTIN

---------- ---------- ----------
Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALLEN 1 3
/KING/BLAKE/ALLEN
TURNER 1 3
/KING/BLAKE/TURNER
JAMES 1 3
/KING/BLAKE/JAMES

---------- ---------- ----------
Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WARD 1 3
/KING/BLAKE/WARD
CLARK 0 2
/KING/CLARK
MILLER 1 3
/KING/CLARK/MILLER

---------- ---------- ----------
Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JONES 0 2
/KING/JONES
FORD 0 3
/KING/JONES/FORD
SMITH 1 4
/KING/JONES/FORD/SMITH

---------- ---------- ----------
Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT 0 3
/KING/JONES/SCOTT
ADAMS 1 4
/KING/JONES/SCOTT/ADAMS
14 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN "Path" FORMAT A25

SQL> /
Employee IsLeaf LEVEL Path

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------
KING 0 1 /KING
CLARK 0 2 /KING/CLARK
MILLER 1 3 /KING/CLARK/MILLER
JONES 0 2 /KING/JONES
FORD 0 3 /KING/JONES/FORD

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------
SMITH 1 4 /KING/JONES/FORD/SMITH
SCOTT 0 3 /KING/JONES/SCOTT
ADAMS 1 4 /KING/JONES/SCOTT/ADAMS
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename "Employee", CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF "IsLeaf",

2 LEVEL, SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(Ename, '/') "Path"
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF = &GLeaf
SQL> /
Enter value for gleaf: 1

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------
MILLER 1 3 /KING/CLARK/MILLER
SMITH 1 4 /KING/JONES/FORD/SMITH
ADAMS 1 4 /KING/JONES/SCOTT/ADAMS
Mobile : 9030750090
8 rows selected.
SQL> /
Enter value for gleaf: 0

---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------
KING 0 1 /KING
CLARK 0 2 /KING/CLARK
JONES 0 2 /KING/JONES
FORD 0 3 /KING/JONES/FORD
SCOTT 0 3 /KING/JONES/SCOTT
6 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM TableName
3 WHERE ColumnName = Condition
4 <SET OPERATOR>
5 SELECT ColumnName
6 FROM TableName
7 WHERE ColumnName = Condition
8
SQL> SELECT Ename, Dname
2 FROM Emp, Dept
ENAME DNAME
---------- --------------
KING ACCOUNTING
CLARK ACCOUNTING
MILLER ACCOUNTING
JONES RESEARCH
SCOTT RESEARCH
ADAMS RESEARCH
SMITH RESEARCH
FORD RESEARCH
BLAKE SALES
MARTIN SALES
ALLEN SALES
ENAME DNAME
---------- --------------
TURNER SALES
JAMES SALES
WARD SALES
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename

2 FROM Emp
3 UNION
4 SELECT Dname
5 FROM Dept;
ENAME
--------------
ACCOUNTING
ADAMS
ALLEN
BLAKE
CLARK
FORD
JAMES
JONES
KING
MARTIN
MILLER

Mobile : 9030750090
ENAME
--------------
OPERATIONS
RESEARCH
SALES
SCOTT
SMITH
TURNER
WARD
18 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 UNION
4 SELECT Dname, Deptno
5* FROM Dept
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
ACCOUNTING 10
ADAMS 20
ALLEN 30
BLAKE 30
CLARK 10
FORD 20
JAMES 30
JONES 20
KING 10
MARTIN 30
MILLER 10
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
OPERATIONS 40
RESEARCH 20
SALES 30
SCOTT 20
SMITH 20
TURNER 30
WARD 30
18 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 UNION
4 SELECT Dname
5* FROM Dept
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
SELECT Ename, Deptno
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01789: query block has incorrect number of result columns
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 UNION
4 SELECT Deptno, Dname
5* FROM Dept
SQL> /
SELECT Ename, Deptno
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01790: expression must have same datatype as corresponding expression
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 ORDER BY Ename
4 UNION
6* FROM Dept
SQL> /
UNION
*
ERROR at line 4:
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 UNION
5 FROM Dept
6* ORDER BY Ename
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
ACCOUNTING 10
ADAMS 20
ALLEN 30
BLAKE 30
CLARK 10
Mobile : 9030750090
FORD 20
JAMES 30
JONES 20
KING 10
MARTIN 30
MILLER 10
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
OPERATIONS 40
RESEARCH 20
SALES 30
SCOTT 20
SMITH 20
TURNER 30
WARD 30
18 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 (
3 FROM Emp
4 UNION
6 FROM Dept
7 )
8* ORDER BY Ename
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
ACCOUNTING 10
ADAMS 20
ALLEN 30
BLAKE 30
CLARK 10
FORD 20
JAMES 30
JONES 20
KING 10
MARTIN 30
MILLER 10
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
OPERATIONS 40
RESEARCH 20
SALES 30
SCOTT 20
SMITH 20
TURNER 30
WARD 30

Mobile : 9030750090
18 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 (
3 FROM Emp
4 UNION
6 FROM Dept
7 )
8* ORDER BY Dname
SQL> /
ORDER BY Dname
*
ERROR at line 8:
ORA-00904: "DNAME": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 (
3 FROM Emp
4 UNION
6 FROM Dept
7 )
8* ORDER BY 1
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
ACCOUNTING 10
ADAMS 20
ALLEN 30
BLAKE 30
CLARK 10
FORD 20
JAMES 30
JONES 20
KING 10
MARTIN 30
MILLER 10
ENAME DEPTNO
-------------- ----------
OPERATIONS 40
RESEARCH 20
SALES 30
SCOTT 20
SMITH 20
TURNER 30
WARD 30
Mobile : 9030750090
18 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 UNION
5 SELECT Ename
6 FROM Emp
ENAME
----------
ALLEN
BLAKE
CLARK
JAMES
KING
MARTIN
MILLER
TURNER
WARD
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename

2 FROM Emp
ENAME
----------
KING
BLAKE
CLARK
MARTIN
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
MILLER
9 rows selected.

SQL> SELECT Ename
2 FROM Emp
ENAME
----------
KING
BLAKE
CLARK
MARTIN
Mobile : 9030750090
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
MILLER
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
81)
SQL> SELECT Ename

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 UNION
5 SELECT Ename
6 FROM Emp
ENAME
----------
ALLEN
BLAKE
CLARK
JAMES
KING
MARTIN
MILLER
TURNER
WARD
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 SORT (UNIQUE) (Cost=8 Card=10 Bytes=90)

2 1 UNION-ALL
tes=45)

tes=45)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 INTERSECT
5 SELECT Ename
6 FROM Emp
SQL> /
no rows selected
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 INTERSECTION
tes=45)

tes=45)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 MINUS
5 SELECT Ename
6 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME
----------
CLARK
KING
MILLER
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 MINUS
Mobile : 9030750090
tes=45)

tes=45)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 UNION
5 SELECT Job
6 FROM Emp
JOB
---------
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)

2 1 UNION-ALL
tes=55)

tes=55)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 UNION ALL
5 SELECT Job
6 FROM Emp
SQL> /
JOB
Mobile : 9030750090
---------
PRESIDENT
MANAGER
CLERK
MANAGER
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
CLERK
SALESMAN
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)
1 0 UNION-ALL
s=55)

s=55)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 INTESECT
5 SELECT Job
6 FROM Emp
SQL> /
INTESECT
*
ERROR at line 4:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 INTERSECT
5 SELECT Job
6 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /
JOB
---------
CLERK
MANAGER
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 INTERSECTION
tes=55)

tes=55)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 MINUS
5 SELECT Job
6 FROM Emp
SQL> /
JOB
---------
PRESIDENT
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 MINUS
tes=55)

tes=55)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Job

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 UNION
5 SELECT Job
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Deptno = 20
8 INTERSECT
9 SELECT Job
10 FROM Emp
JOB
---------
CLERK
MANAGER
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
5)
1 0 INTERSECTION
3 2 UNION-ALL
Bytes=55)

Bytes=55)

tes=55)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 10
4 UNION
5 (
6 SELECT Job
7 FROM Emp
8 WHERE Deptno = 20
9 INTERSECT
Mobile : 9030750090
10 SELECT Job
11 FROM Emp
12 WHERE Deptno = 30
13* )
SQL> /
JOB
---------
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
65)

2 1 UNION-ALL
tes=55)
4 2 INTERSECTION
5 Bytes=55)

5 Bytes=55)
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = &GDeptno1
4 UNION
6 FROm Emp
7 WHERE Deptno = &GDeptno2;
Enter value for gdeptno1: 10
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "DNAME": invalid identifier
SQL> ED

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Dept
4 UNION
6 FROm Emp
7* WHERE Deptno = &GDeptno2
SQL>
SQL> 10
SP2-0226: Invalid line number
SQL> 10
SP2-0226: Invalid line number
SQL> /
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01789: query block has incorrect number of result columns
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, Dname, NULL Ename, NULL Sal, NULL HireDate

2 FROM Dept
4 UNION
5 SELECT NULL, NULL, Ename, Sal, HireDate
6 FROm Emp
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME ENAME SAL HIREDATE

---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
10 ACCOUNTING
KING 5000 17-NOV-81
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

2 1 UNION-ALL
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'DEPT' (TABLE) (Cost=
1 Card=1 Bytes=13)
4 3 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'DEPT_PRIMARY_KEY' (INDEX (UN

IQUE)) (Cost=0 Card=1)
Mobile : 9030750090

tes=105)
SQL> /

---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
20 RESEARCH
FORD 3000 03-DEC-81
SMITH 800 17-DEC-80
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

2 1 UNION-ALL
1 Card=1 Bytes=13)


tes=105)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, Dname, NULL Ename, NULL Sal, NULL HireDate

2 FROM Dept
4 UNION
5 SELECT NULL, NULL, Ename, Sal, HireDate
6 FROm Emp
8 UNION
9 SELECT NULL, NULL, NULL, SUM(Sal), NULL
10 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> /

---------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
10 ACCOUNTING
KING 5000 17-NOV-81
8750
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
5)

2 1 UNION-ALL
1 Card=1 Bytes=13)


tes=105)
6 2 SORT (AGGREGATE) (Cost=4 Card=1 Bytes=7)

Bytes=35)
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=98)
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)
es=56)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal), (SELECT SUM(Sal) FROM Emp) OrgSal

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
DEPTNO SUM(SAL) ORGSAL

---------- ---------- ----------
10 8750 29025
20 10875 29025
30 9400 29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=56)

es=98)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal), OrGSal

2 FROM Emp, (
Mobile : 9030750090
3 SELECT
4 SUM(Sal) OrGSal
5 FROM Emp)
6* GROUP BY Deptno, OrGSal
SQL> /
DEPTNO SUM(SAL) ORGSAL

---------- ---------- ----------
10 8750 29025
20 10875 29025
30 9400 29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
2 1 MERGE JOIN (CARTESIAN) (Cost=6 Card=14 Bytes=280)
3 2 VIEW (Cost=3 Card=1 Bytes=13)
14 Bytes=56)
6 2 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=14 B

ytes=98)
SQL> SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal) SalSum

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno
4 UNION
5 SELECT NULL, SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp;
DEPTNO SALSUM
---------- ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
2 1 UNION-ALL
Bytes=98)

Bytes=56)
Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
5)

es=210)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=98)

Mobile : 9030750090

2 FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=56)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, Job, SUM(Sal) SalSum

2 FROM Emp
4 UNION
5 SELECT Deptno,NULL, SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
7 GROUP BY Deptno
8 UNION
9 SELECT NULL, NULL, SUM(Sal)
10* FROM Emp
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

---------- --------- ----------
30 9400
29025
13 rows selected.
Execution Plan
Mobile : 9030750090
----------------------------------------------------------
90)

2 1 UNION-ALL
Bytes=210)

Bytes=98)

Bytes=56)
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE VIEW Employees

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 Empno "ID Number",
5 Ename Name,
6 Sal "Basic Salary",
7 Job Designation
8 FROM Emp;
View created.
SQL> SELECT
2 Empno "ID Number",
3 Ename Name,
4 Sal "Basic Salary",
5 Job Designation
6 FROM Emp;
ID Number NAME Basic Salary DESIGNATI

---------- ---------- ------------ ---------

---------- ---------- ------------ ---------
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
6)

=546)
SQL> DESC Employees

Name Null? Type
Mobile : 9030750090
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

ID Number NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
Basic Salary NUMBER(7,2)
DESIGNATION VARCHAR2(9)
SQL> SELECT * FROM Employees;

---------- ---------- ------------ ---------

---------- ---------- ------------ ---------
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
6)

=546)
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal FROM Employees;

SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal FROM Employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "SAL": invalid identifier
SQL> SELECT "ID Number", Name, "Basic Salary", HireDate

2 FROM Employees;
SELECT "ID Number", Name, "Basic Salary", HireDate
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "HIREDATE": invalid identifier

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT "ID Number", Name, "Basic Salary"

2 FROM Employees;
ID Number NAME Basic Salary

---------- ---------- ------------
7839 KING 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850
7782 CLARK 2450
7566 JONES 2975
7654 MARTIN 1250
7499 ALLEN 1600
7844 TURNER 1500
7900 JAMES 950
7521 WARD 1250
7902 FORD 3000
7369 SMITH 800

---------- ---------- ------------
7788 SCOTT 3000
7876 ADAMS 1100
7934 MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
2)

=462)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT "ID Number", Name, "Basic Salary"

2 FROM Employees
3* WHERE "Basic Salary" > 1500
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ------------
7839 KING 5000
7698 BLAKE 2850
7782 CLARK 2450
7566 JONES 2975
7499 ALLEN 1600
7902 FORD 3000
7788 SCOTT 3000

Mobile : 9030750090
7 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

231)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, SUm("Basic Salary")

2 FROM Employees
3* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
GROUP BY Deptno
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00904: "DEPTNO": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deisgnation, SUm("Basic Salary")

2 FROM Employees
3* GROUP BY Deisgnation
SQL> /
GROUP BY Deisgnation
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00904: "DEISGNATION": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Designation, SUm("Basic Salary")

2 FROM Employees
3* GROUP BY Designation
SQL> /
DESIGNATI SUM("BASICSALARY")
--------- ------------------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600

Mobile : 9030750090
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
6)

es=266)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 "ID Number",
3 Name,
4 "Basic Salary" * 12
5 FROM Employees;
ID Number NAME "BASICSALARY"*12

---------- ---------- ----------------
7839 KING 60000
7698 BLAKE 34200
7782 CLARK 29400
7566 JONES 35700
7654 MARTIN 15000
7499 ALLEN 19200
7844 TURNER 18000
7900 JAMES 11400
7521 WARD 15000
7902 FORD 36000
7369 SMITH 9600
ID Number NAME "BASICSALARY"*12

---------- ---------- ----------------
7788 SCOTT 36000
7876 ADAMS 13200
7934 MILLER 15600
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
2)

=462)
SQL> SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
2 "ID Number",
3 Name,
4 TO_CHAR("Basic Salary", '99,99,999.99') Monthly,
5 "Basic Salary" * 12 Annual
6 FROM Employees
7 WHERE "Basic Salary" > 2500;
ID Number NAME MONTHLY ANNUAL

---------- ---------- ------------- ----------
7839 KING 5,000.00 60000
7698 BLAKE 2,850.00 34200
7566 JONES 2,975.00 35700
7902 FORD 3,000.00 36000
7788 SCOTT 3,000.00 36000
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

165)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE VIEW EmpInfo

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 E.Empno EmployeeID,
5 E.Ename Name,
6 D.Deptno DepartmentID,
7 D.Dname DepartmentName
9 WHERE D.Deptno = E.Deptno
10 ORDER BY D.Deptno;
View created.
SQL> DESC EmpInfo

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPLOYEEID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
DEPARTMENTID NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
DEPARTMENTNAME VARCHAR2(14)
SQL> SELECT * FROM EmpInfo;
EMPLOYEEID NAME DEPARTMENTID DEPARTMENTNAME

---------- ---------- ------------ --------------
7839 KING 10 ACCOUNTING
7782 CLARK 10 ACCOUNTING
Mobile : 9030750090
7934 MILLER 10 ACCOUNTING

7566 JONES 20 RESEARCH
7788 SCOTT 20 RESEARCH
7876 ADAMS 20 RESEARCH
7369 SMITH 20 RESEARCH
7902 FORD 20 RESEARCH
7698 BLAKE 30 SALES
7654 MARTIN 30 SALES
7499 ALLEN 30 SALES
EMPLOYEEID NAME DEPARTMENTID DEPARTMENTNAME

---------- ---------- ------------ --------------
7844 TURNER 30 SALES
7900 JAMES 30 SALES
7521 WARD 30 SALES
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)
1 0 VIEW OF 'EMPINFO' (VIEW) (Cost=8 Card=14 Bytes=588)

4 3 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DEPT' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=4
Bytes=88)

Bytes=462)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE VIEW EmpGrades

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 E.Ename Name,
5 E.Sal Basic,
6 S.Grade Grade
7 FROM Emp E , Salgrade S
8 WHERE E.Sal BETWEEN S.LoSal AND S.HiSal
9 ORDER BY S.Grade;
View created.
SQL> DESC EmpGrades

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
BASIC NUMBER(7,2)
GRADE NUMBER
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT * FROM EmpGrades;
NAME BASIC GRADE

---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 800 1
JAMES 950 1
ADAMS 1100 1
MARTIN 1250 2
WARD 1250 2
MILLER 1300 2
TURNER 1500 3
ALLEN 1600 3
CLARK 2450 4
BLAKE 2850 4
JONES 2975 4
NAME BASIC GRADE

---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 3000 4
SCOTT 3000 4
KING 5000 5
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 VIEW OF 'EMPGRADES' (VIEW) (Cost=9 Card=1 Bytes=33)
5 4 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SALGRADE' (TABLE) (Cost=3
Card=5 Bytes=195)
6 3 FILTER
8 7 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Car
d=14 Bytes=280)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW EmpManagers

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 RowNum SerialNo,
5 INITCAP(E.Ename)||' Works Under '
6 ||M.Ename "Employee And Managers"
7 FROM Emp E, Emp M
8 WHERE E.MGR = M.Empno;
View created.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> DESC EmpManagers

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SERIALNO NUMBER
Employee And Managers VARCHAR2(33)
SQL> SELECT * FROM EmpManagers;
SERIALNO Employee And Managers

---------- ---------------------------------
1 Jones Works Under KING
2 Clark Works Under KING
3 Blake Works Under KING
4 Ward Works Under BLAKE
5 James Works Under BLAKE
6 Turner Works Under BLAKE
7 Allen Works Under BLAKE
8 Martin Works Under BLAKE
9 Miller Works Under CLARK
10 Scott Works Under JONES
11 Ford Works Under JONES
SERIALNO Employee And Managers

---------- ---------------------------------
12 Smith Works Under FORD
13 Adams Works Under SCOTT
13 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
3)
1 0 VIEW OF 'EMPMANAGERS' (VIEW) (Cost=7 Card=13 Bytes=403)

2 1 COUNT
Bytes=280)

Bytes=280)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW EmpAccounts

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 Ename,
5 Deptno,
6 Sal Monthly,
Mobile : 9030750090
7 Sal * 12 Annual
8 FROM Emp
9 WHERE Deptno = (SELECT
10 Deptno
11 FROM Dept
12 WHERE Dname = 'ACCOUNTING')
13 ORDER BY Annual;
View created.
SQL> DESC EmpAccounts

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
MONTHLY NUMBER(7,2)
ANNUAL NUMBER
SQL> SELECT * FROM EmpAccounts;
ENAME DEPTNO MONTHLY ANNUAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 10 1300 15600
CLARK 10 2450 29400
KING 10 5000 60000
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 VIEW OF 'EMPACCOUNTS' (VIEW) (Cost=7 Card=1 Bytes=46)
tes=33)
4 3 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DEPT' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Card=1

Bytes=22)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW CumSum

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 B.Sal,
5 SUM(A.Sal) Cum_Sal
6 FROM Emp A, Emp B
7 WHERE A.RowID <= B.RowID
8 GROUP BY B.RowID, B.Sal;
View created.
SQL> DESC CumSum

Name Null? Type
Mobile : 9030750090
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

SAL NUMBER(7,2)
CUM_SAL NUMBER
SQL> SELECT * FROM CumSum;
SAL CUM_SAL
---------- ----------
5000 5000
2850 7850
2450 10300
2975 13275
1250 14525
1600 16125
1500 17625
950 18575
1250 19825
3000 22825
800 23625
SAL CUM_SAL
---------- ----------
3000 26625
1100 27725
1300 29025
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)

Bytes=280)

Bytes=280)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW OrgDesignations

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Deptno = 10
7 UNION
Mobile : 9030750090
8 SELECT
9 Job
10 FROM Emp
View created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM OrgDesignations;
JOB
---------
ANALYST
CLERK
MANAGER
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 VIEW OF 'ORGDESIGNATIONS' (VIEW) (Cost=8 Card=14 Bytes=84)

3 2 UNION-ALL
Bytes=57)

Bytes=209)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC USER_VIEWS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
VIEW_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER
TEXT LONG
TYPE_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER
TYPE_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000)
OID_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER
OID_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000)
VIEW_TYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
VIEW_TYPE VARCHAR2(30)
SUPERVIEW_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
SQL> COLUMN VIEW_NAME FORMAT A20

SQL> COLUMN TEXT FORMAT A40
SQL> SELECT VIEW_NAME, TEXT
Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM USER_VIEWS
3 WHERE VIEW_NAME = 'EMPACCOUNTS';
VIEW_NAME TEXT
-------------------- ----------------------------------------
EMPACCOUNTS SELECT
Ename,
Deptno,
Sal Monthly,
Sal * 12 Annual
FROM Emp
WHERE Deptno =
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
ERROR:
ORA-01039: insufficient privileges on underlying objects of the view
SP2-0612: Error generating AUTOTRACE EXPLAIN report

SQL> SET LONG 300
SQL> SELECT VIEW_NAME, TEXT
2 FROM USER_VIEWS
3 WHERE VIEW_NAME = 'EMPACCOUNTS';
VIEW_NAME TEXT
-------------------- ----------------------------------------
EMPACCOUNTS SELECT
Ename,
Deptno,
Sal Monthly,
Sal * 12 Annual
FROM Emp
WHERE Deptno = (SELECT
Deptno
FROM Dept
WHERE Dname = 'ACCOUNTING')
ORDER BY Annual
VIEW_NAME TEXT
-------------------- ----------------------------------------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
ERROR:

SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE VIEW DeptSalSummary

Mobile : 9030750090
2 (
3 DepartmentName,
4 MinimumSalary,
5 MaxSalary,
6 AverageSalary,
7 SalarySum
8 )
9 AS
10 SELECT
11 D.Dname,
12 MIN(E.Sal),
13 MAX(E.Sal),
14 AVG(E.Sal),
15 SUM(E.Sal)
18 GROUP BY D.Dname;
View created.
SQL> DESC DeptSalSummary

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPARTMENTNAME VARCHAR2(14)
MINIMUMSALARY NUMBER
MAXSALARY NUMBER
AVERAGESALARY NUMBER
SALARYSUM NUMBER
SQL> ED
1 CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW DeptSalSummary

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 D.Dname,
5 MIN(E.Sal),
6 MAX(E.Sal),
7 AVG(E.Sal),
8 SUM(E.Sal)
11* GROUP BY D.Dname
SQL> /
MIN(E.Sal),
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00998: must name this expression with a column alias
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE VIEW InsertDept

2 (
3 DeptID,
Mobile : 9030750090
4 DeptName,
5 Place
6 )
7 AS
8 SELECT
9 Deptno,
10 Dname,
11 Loc
12 FROM Dept;
View created.
SQL> DESC InsertDept

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNAME VARCHAR2(14)
PLACE VARCHAR2(13)
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> SELECT * FROM InsertDept;
DEPTID DEPTNAME PLACE

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> INSERT INTO InsertDept

1 row created.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
SQL> UPDATE InsertDept

2 SET Dname = 'CARGO'
WHERE Deptno = 50
Mobile : 9030750090
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00904: "DEPTNO": invalid identifier
SQL> UPDATE InsertDept

2 SET DEPTNAME = 'CARGO'
3 WHERE DEPTID = 50;
1 row updated.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 CARGO CHENNAI
SQL> DELETE FROM InsertDept

2 WHERE DeptID = 50;
1 row deleted.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> cl scr

SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr

----- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----- ----- ------
Mobile : 9030750090

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW EDept30

2 AS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM Emp
View created.
SQL> DESC EDept30

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> SELECT * FROM EDept30;

----- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EDept30

2 WHERE Ename = 'JONES';
no rows selected
SQL> SELECT * FROM EDept30

Mobile : 9030750090

----- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----- ----- ------
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC EDept30

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> UPDATE EDept30

2 SET Sal = Sal + 1000
0 rows updated.
SQL> UPDATE EDept30

1 row updated.
SQL> DELETE FROM EDept30

0 rows deleted.

1 row deleted.
SQL> INSERT INTO EDept30

2 (Empno, Ename, Sal, Job, Deptno)
3 VALUES(1234, 'SAMPLE01', 2500, 'CLERK', 30);
1 row created.
SQL> (Empno, Ename, Sal, Job, Deptno)

2
1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090

2 AS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Deptno = 30
6 WITH CHECK OPTION CONSTRAINT EDept30ChkView;
View created.

INSERT INTO EDept30
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01402: view WITH CHECK OPTION where-clause violation
SQL> cl scr

2 AS
3 SELECT *
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Deptno = 30
6 WITH READ ONLY;
View created.

(Empno, Ename, Sal, Job, Deptno)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01733: virtual column not allowed here

DELETE FROM EDept30
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01752: cannot delete from view without exactly one key-preserved table
SQL> UPDATE EDept30

SET Sal = Sal + 1000
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01733: virtual column not allowed here
SQL> cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> CREATE TABLE MyMasterDF

2 (
3 MastID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT MastIDDFPK PRIMARY KEY
5 INITIALLY DEFERRED DEFERRABLE,
6 MastName VARCHAR2(10)
7 CONSTRAINT MastNameDFCHK
8 CHECK(MastName = UPPER(MastName))
9 INITIALLY DEFERRED DEFERRABLE,
10 MastDate DATE
11 CONSTRAINT MastDateDFNN NOT NULL
12 INITIALLY DEFERRED DEFERRABLE
13 );
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 MyMasterDF(MastID, MastName, MastDate)
3 VALUES(10, 'MASTER10', '10-OCT-07');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

1 row created.
SQL> COMMIT;
COMMIT
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.MASTIDDFPK) violated
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC Emp

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEmpnoIDX

2 ON Emp(Empno);
ON Emp(Empno)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01408: such column list already indexed

SQL> cl scr

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT * FROM Emp


----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
SQL> cl scr

SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=87)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
87)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEnameIDX

2 ON Emp(Ename);
Index created.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=87)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPENAMEIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 Card

=1)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=87)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=87)
Mobile : 9030750090

) (Cost=1 Card=1)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno > 7566;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
10 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)

=870)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno < 7566;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

261)
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT *
2
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno <> 7566;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
13 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
31)

=1131)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno = 7566 OR Empno = 7839 OR Empno = 7782;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090

)
1 0 INLIST ITERATOR
ard=3 Bytes=261)
3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMP_PRIMARY_KEY' (INDEX (UNIQUE

)) (Cost=2 Card=1)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno IN(7566, 7839, 7782);

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 INLIST ITERATOR
ard=3 Bytes=261)
3 2 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMP_PRIMARY_KEY' (INDEX (UNIQUE

)) (Cost=2 Card=1)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno = 7566 AND Empno = 7654;
no rows selected
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
1 0 FILTER
ard=1 Bytes=87)
3 2 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'EMP_PRIMARY_KEY' (INDEX (UNIQU

E)) (Cost=1 Card=1)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno = 7566 AND Ename = 'JONES';

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=87)

=1)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Empno = 7566 OR Ename = 'JONES';

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=87)
2 1 BITMAP CONVERSION (TO ROWIDS)

3 2 BITMAP OR
4 3 BITMAP CONVERSION (FROM ROWIDS)
5 4 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMP_PRIMARY_KEY' (INDEX (UN
IQUE)) (Cost=1)
6 3 BITMAP CONVERSION (FROM ROWIDS)

7 6 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPENAMEIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=
1)
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEnameJobIDX

Mobile : 9030750090
2 AS
3
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEnameJobIDX
2 ON Emp(Ename, Job);
Index created.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
JONES 2975 20 MANAGER 02-APR-81

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
BLAKE 2850 30 MANAGER 01-MAY-81
CLARK 2450 10 MANAGER 09-JUN-81

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=48)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPENAMEJOBIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 C

ard=1)

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------

Mobile : 9030750090
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=48)

ard=1)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
7566 JONES 2975 20 MANAGER 02-APR-81
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=61)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Empno, Ename, Sal, Deptno, Job, HireDate

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Empno = 7566 AND Ename = 'JONES'
SQL> /
EMPNO ENAME SAL DEPTNO JOB HIREDATE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
7566 JONES 2975 20 MANAGER 02-APR-81
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=61)

Mobile : 9030750090

ard=1)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = 'JONES' AND Job = 'MANAGER';

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=48)

ard=1)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEnameIDX

2 ON Emp(Ename);
Index created.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = 'JONES' AND Job = 'MANAGER';

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=48)

ard=1)

2 FROM Emp
Mobile : 9030750090

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=48)

=1)

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

144)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpJobEnameIDX

2 ON Emp(Job, Ename);
Index created.

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------

Mobile : 9030750090
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

d=3 Bytes=144)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPJOBENAMEIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 C

ard=3)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpJobIDX

2 ON Emp(Job);
Index created.

2 FROM Emp

---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

d=3 Bytes=144)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPJOBENAMEIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 C

ard=3)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX EmpEnameUNQIDX

2 ON Emp(Ename);
ON Emp(Ename)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01408: such column list already indexed
SQL> DROP INDEX EmpEnameIDX;

Mobile : 9030750090
Index dropped.
SQL> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX EmpEnameUNQIDX

2 ON Emp(Ename);
Index created.

2 VALUES(1234, 'ADAMS', 30, 'CLERK');
INSERT INTO Emp(Empno, Ename, Deptno, Job)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.EMPENAMEUNQIDX) violated
SQL> DROP INDEX EmpEnameUNQIDX;
Index dropped.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX EmpDeptnoUNQIDX

2 ON Emp(Deptno);
ON Emp(Deptno)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01452: cannot CREATE UNIQUE INDEX; duplicate keys found
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWID, Empno, Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp;
ROWID EMPNO ENAME SAL

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAA 7839 KING 5000
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAB 7698 BLAKE 2850
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAC 7782 CLARK 2450
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAD 7566 JONES 2975
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAE 7654 MARTIN 1250
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAF 7499 ALLEN 1600
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAG 7844 TURNER 1500
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAH 7900 JAMES 950
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAI 7521 WARD 1250
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAJ 7902 FORD 3000
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAK 7369 SMITH 800
ROWID EMPNO ENAME SAL

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAL 7788 SCOTT 3000

AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAM 7876 ADAMS 1100
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAN 7934 MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)

=560)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT ROWID, Empno, Ename, Deptno

2 FROM Emp;
ROWID EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAA 7839 KING 10
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAB 7698 BLAKE 30
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAC 7782 CLARK 10
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAD 7566 JONES 20
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAE 7654 MARTIN 30
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAF 7499 ALLEN 30
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAG 7844 TURNER 30
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAH 7900 JAMES 30
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAI 7521 WARD 30
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAJ 7902 FORD 20
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAK 7369 SMITH 20
ROWID EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO

------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAL 7788 SCOTT 20
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAM 7876 ADAMS 20
AAAMcCAAEAAAAHPAAN 7934 MILLER 10
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)

=560)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Comm, Sal + NVL(Comm) TotSal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal + NVL(Comm) > 2000;
SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Comm, Sal + NVL(Comm) TotSal
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00909: invalid number of arguments
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* WHERE Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) > 2000
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
BLAKE 30 2850 2850
CLARK 10 2450 2450
JONES 20 2975 2975
MARTIN 30 1250 1400 2650
FORD 20 3000 3000
SCOTT 20 3000 3000
7 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

322)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpTotSalIDX

2 ON Emp(Sal + NVL(Comm, 0));
Index created.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal, Comm, Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) TotSal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal + NVL(Comm, 0) > 2000;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
CLARK 10 2450 2450
Mobile : 9030750090
MARTIN 30 1250 1400 2650

BLAKE 30 2850 2850
JONES 20 2975 2975
FORD 20 3000 3000
SCOTT 20 3000 3000
KING 10 5000 5000
7 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

d=7 Bytes=322)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPTOTSALIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 Car

d=1)
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Sal * 12 AnnSal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal * 12 > 35000;
ENAME SAL ANNSAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 5000 60000
JONES 2975 35700
FORD 3000 36000
SCOTT 3000 36000
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
80)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpAnnSalIDX

2 ON Emp(Sal * 12);
Index created.
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal, Sal * 12 AnnSal

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Sal * 12 > 35000;
ENAME SAL ANNSAL

---------- ---------- ----------
Mobile : 9030750090
JONES 2975 35700

FORD 3000 36000
SCOTT 3000 36000
KING 5000 60000
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=4 Bytes=80)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPANNSALIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 Car

d=1)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE LOWER(Ename) = 'smith';

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
39)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEnameLIDX

2 ON Emp(LOWER(Ename));
Index created.
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEnameUIDX

2 ON Emp(UPPER(Ename));
Index created.
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEnameIIDX

2 ON Emp(INITCAP(Ename));
Index created.

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE LOWER(Ename) = 'smith';

Mobile : 9030750090
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------

SMITH 800 20 CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=39)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPENAMELIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 Car

d=1)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE INITCAP(Ename) = 'Smith';

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=39)
2 1 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'EMPENAMEIIDX' (INDEX) (Cost=1 Car

d=1)

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = UPPER('smith');

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 800 20 CLERK
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=39)

ard=1)

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT Ename, HireDate, TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate) / 12)

EmpExp
2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate) / 12) > 28;
ENAME HIREDATE EMPEXP

---------- --------- ----------
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 29
CLARK 09-JUN-81 29
JONES 02-APR-81 29
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 29
WARD 22-FEB-81 29
SMITH 17-DEC-80 29
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
96)
SQL> CREATE INDEX EmpEmpExpIDX

2 ON Emp(TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate) / 12));
ON Emp(TRUNC(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HireDate) / 12))
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01743: only pure functions can be indexed
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC USER_INDEXES

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
INDEX_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
INDEX_TYPE VARCHAR2(27)
TABLE_OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TABLE_TYPE VARCHAR2(11)
UNIQUENESS VARCHAR2(9)
COMPRESSION VARCHAR2(8)
PREFIX_LENGTH NUMBER
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
INI_TRANS NUMBER
MAX_TRANS NUMBER
INITIAL_EXTENT NUMBER
NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER
MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER
MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER
Mobile : 9030750090
PCT_INCREASE NUMBER
PCT_THRESHOLD NUMBER
INCLUDE_COLUMN NUMBER
FREELISTS NUMBER
FREELIST_GROUPS NUMBER
PCT_FREE NUMBER
LOGGING VARCHAR2(3)
BLEVEL NUMBER
LEAF_BLOCKS NUMBER
DISTINCT_KEYS NUMBER
AVG_LEAF_BLOCKS_PER_KEY NUMBER
AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY NUMBER
CLUSTERING_FACTOR NUMBER
STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
NUM_ROWS NUMBER
SAMPLE_SIZE NUMBER
LAST_ANALYZED DATE
DEGREE VARCHAR2(40)
INSTANCES VARCHAR2(40)
PARTITIONED VARCHAR2(3)
BUFFER_POOL VARCHAR2(7)
USER_STATS VARCHAR2(3)
DURATION VARCHAR2(15)
PCT_DIRECT_ACCESS NUMBER
ITYP_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
ITYP_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
PARAMETERS VARCHAR2(1000)
GLOBAL_STATS VARCHAR2(3)
DOMIDX_STATUS VARCHAR2(12)
DOMIDX_OPSTATUS VARCHAR2(6)
FUNCIDX_STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
JOIN_INDEX VARCHAR2(3)
IOT_REDUNDANT_PKEY_ELIM VARCHAR2(3)
DROPPED VARCHAR2(3)
SQL> DESC USER_IND_COLUMNS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
COLUMN_POSITION NUMBER
COLUMN_LENGTH NUMBER
CHAR_LENGTH NUMBER
DESCEND VARCHAR2(4)
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET SQLPROMPT DBASEC>

DBASEC>cl scr
DBASEC>COLUMN Empno FORMAT 9999

DBASEC>COLUMN MGR FORMAT 9999
DBASEC>COLUMN Sal FORMAT 9999
DBASEC>COLUMN Comm FORMAT 9999
DBASEC>COLUMN Deptno FORMAT 99
DBASEC>cl scr
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM Emp;

SELECT * FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
DBASEC>DESC TAB
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TABTYPE VARCHAR2(7)
CLUSTERID NUMBER
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM TAB;
no rows selected
DBASEC>DESC USER_TABLES
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
CLUSTER_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
IOT_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
PCT_FREE NUMBER
PCT_USED NUMBER
INI_TRANS NUMBER
MAX_TRANS NUMBER
NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER
MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER
MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER
PCT_INCREASE NUMBER
FREELISTS NUMBER
LOGGING VARCHAR2(3)
BACKED_UP VARCHAR2(1)
NUM_ROWS NUMBER
BLOCKS NUMBER
EMPTY_BLOCKS NUMBER
AVG_SPACE NUMBER
CHAIN_CNT NUMBER
AVG_ROW_LEN NUMBER
Mobile : 9030750090
AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS NUMBER
NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS NUMBER
DEGREE VARCHAR2(10)
CACHE VARCHAR2(5)
TABLE_LOCK VARCHAR2(8)
SAMPLE_SIZE NUMBER
LAST_ANALYZED DATE
IOT_TYPE VARCHAR2(12)
NESTED VARCHAR2(3)
ROW_MOVEMENT VARCHAR2(8)
SKIP_CORRUPT VARCHAR2(8)
MONITORING VARCHAR2(3)
CLUSTER_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
DEPENDENCIES VARCHAR2(8)
DROPPED VARCHAR2(3)
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_TABLES;
no rows selected
DBASEC>DESC USER_TAB_COLUMNS
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
COLUMN_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
DATA_TYPE VARCHAR2(106)
DATA_TYPE_MOD VARCHAR2(3)
DATA_TYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
DATA_LENGTH NOT NULL NUMBER
DATA_PRECISION NUMBER
DATA_SCALE NUMBER
NULLABLE VARCHAR2(1)
COLUMN_ID NUMBER
DEFAULT_LENGTH NUMBER
DATA_DEFAULT LONG
NUM_DISTINCT NUMBER
LOW_VALUE RAW(32)
HIGH_VALUE RAW(32)
DENSITY NUMBER
NUM_NULLS NUMBER
NUM_BUCKETS NUMBER
LAST_ANALYZED DATE
SAMPLE_SIZE NUMBER
CHARACTER_SET_NAME VARCHAR2(44)
CHAR_COL_DECL_LENGTH NUMBER
Mobile : 9030750090
AVG_COL_LEN NUMBER
CHAR_LENGTH NUMBER
CHAR_USED VARCHAR2(1)
V80_FMT_IMAGE VARCHAR2(3)
DATA_UPGRADED VARCHAR2(3)
HISTOGRAM VARCHAR2(15)
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS;
no rows selected
DBASEC>DESC USER_CONSTRAINTS
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
BAD VARCHAR2(3)
RELY VARCHAR2(4)
LAST_CHANGE DATE
INVALID VARCHAR2(7)
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS;
no rows selected
DBASEC>DESC USER_INDEXES
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
INDEX_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
INDEX_TYPE VARCHAR2(27)
TABLE_OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TABLE_TYPE VARCHAR2(11)
UNIQUENESS VARCHAR2(9)
PREFIX_LENGTH NUMBER
INI_TRANS NUMBER
MAX_TRANS NUMBER
NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER
MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER
Mobile : 9030750090
MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER
PCT_INCREASE NUMBER
PCT_THRESHOLD NUMBER
INCLUDE_COLUMN NUMBER
FREELISTS NUMBER
PCT_FREE NUMBER
LOGGING VARCHAR2(3)
BLEVEL NUMBER
LEAF_BLOCKS NUMBER
DISTINCT_KEYS NUMBER
AVG_LEAF_BLOCKS_PER_KEY NUMBER
AVG_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_KEY NUMBER
CLUSTERING_FACTOR NUMBER
STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
NUM_ROWS NUMBER
SAMPLE_SIZE NUMBER
LAST_ANALYZED DATE
DEGREE VARCHAR2(40)
PCT_DIRECT_ACCESS NUMBER
ITYP_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
ITYP_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
PARAMETERS VARCHAR2(1000)
DOMIDX_STATUS VARCHAR2(12)
DOMIDX_OPSTATUS VARCHAR2(6)
FUNCIDX_STATUS VARCHAR2(8)
JOIN_INDEX VARCHAR2(3)
IOT_REDUNDANT_PKEY_ELIM VARCHAR2(3)
DROPPED VARCHAR2(3)
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_INDEXES;
no rows selected
DBASEC>DESC USER_VIEWS
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
VIEW_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER
TEXT LONG
TYPE_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER
TYPE_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000)
OID_TEXT_LENGTH NUMBER
OID_TEXT VARCHAR2(4000)
VIEW_TYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
VIEW_TYPE VARCHAR2(30)
SUPERVIEW_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
Mobile : 9030750090
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_VIEWS;
no rows selected
DBASEC>DESC USER_SEQUENCES
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SEQUENCE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
MIN_VALUE NUMBER
MAX_VALUE NUMBER
INCREMENT_BY NOT NULL NUMBER
CYCLE_FLAG VARCHAR2(1)
ORDER_FLAG VARCHAR2(1)
CACHE_SIZE NOT NULL NUMBER
LAST_NUMBER NOT NULL NUMBER
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_SEQUENCES;
no rows selected
DBASEC>cl scr
DBASEC>CREATE TABLE SampleTAB

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2),
5 SampDate DATE
6 );
CREATE TABLE SampleTAB
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
DBASEC>cl scr
no rows selected
DBASEC>DESC USER_OBJECTS
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OBJECT_ID NUMBER
CREATED DATE
LAST_DDL_TIME DATE
STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
Mobile : 9030750090
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_OBJECTS;
no rows selected
DBASEC>cl scr
no rows selected

SELECT * FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM SCOTT.Emp;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM SCOTT.Dept;

SELECT * FROM SCOTT.Dept
*
ERROR at line 1:
DBASEC>DELETE FROM SCOTT.Emp

2 WHERE SCOTT.Emp.Empno = 7654;
DELETE FROM SCOTT.Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:

Mobile : 9030750090
DBASEC>SPOOL OFF
SQL> SET SQLPROMPT DBASEC>
DBASEC>cl scr
DBASEC>DESC USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
GRANTOR NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
PRIVILEGE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(40)
GRANTABLE VARCHAR2(3)
HIERARCHY VARCHAR2(3)
DBASEC>COLUMN OWNER FORMAT A15

DBASEC>COLUMN "Table" FORMAT A15
DBASEC>COLUMN GRANTOR FORMAT A15
DBASEC>COLUMN PRIVILEGE FORMAT A15
DBASEC>SELECT
2 OWNER,
3 TABLE_NAME "Table",
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
6 FROM USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD;
no rows selected
DBASEC>cl scr
no rows selected
DBASEC>COLUMN Empno FORMAT 9999

DBASEC>COLUMN Sal FORMAT 9999
DBASEC>COLUMN Comm FORMAT 9999
DBASEC>COLUMN MGR FORMAT 9999
DBASEC>COLUMN Deptno FORMAT 99
DBASEC>cl scr
DBASEC>SELECT
2 OWNER,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
OWNER Table GRANTOR PRIVILEGE

--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
SCOTT EMP SCOTT SELECT

SELECT * FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
Mobile : 9030750090

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
DBASEC>SELECT
2 OWNER,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
OWNER Table GRANTOR PRIVILEGE

--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
SCOTT DEPT SCOTT DELETE
SCOTT DEPT SCOTT SELECT
SCOTT EMP SCOTT SELECT
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
DBASEC>DELETE FROM SCOTT.Dept

2 WHERE SCOTT.Dept.Deptno = 30;
DELETE FROM SCOTT.Dept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02292: integrity constraint (SCOTT.EMP_FOREIGN_KEY) violated - child record
found
Mobile : 9030750090
DBASEC>DELETE FROM SCOTT.Dept

2 WHERE SCOTT.Dept.Deptno = 40;
1 row deleted.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
DBASEC>ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
DBASEC>INSERT INTO SCOTT.Dept

1 row created.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
DBASEC>ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.

Mobile : 9030750090
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
DBASEC>INSERT INTO SCOTT.Dept

INSERT INTO SCOTT.Dept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.DEPT_PRIMARY_KEY) violated
DBASEC>SELECT
2 OWNER,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
no rows selected
DBASEC>cl scr
DBASEC>SELECT
2 OWNER,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
no rows selected

SELECT * FROM SCOTT.Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
DBASEC>CONN HR/HR
Connected.
DBASEC>CONN DBASEC/DBASEC
Connected.

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
Mobile : 9030750090

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.

SELECT * FROM SCOTT.Dept
*
ERROR at line 1:
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO

SELECT * FROM SCOTT.Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
DBASEC>SELECT
2 USERNAME,
3 GRANTED_ROLE
4 FROM USER_ROLE_PRIVS;
USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
DBASEC EMPSEC
DBASEC>SELECT
2 ROLE,
3 PRIVILEGE
4 FROM ROLE_TAB_PRIVS;
no rows selected
DBASEC>cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM Employee;

SELECT * FROM Employee
*
ERROR at line 1:
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM SCOTT.Employee;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM Employee;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.

Mobile : 9030750090
DBASEC>DESC Employee
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
no rows selected
DBASEC>SELECT * FROM USER_OBJECTS;
no rows selected
DBASEC>SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET SQLPROMPT SCOTT

SCOTTSET SQLPROMPT SCOTT>
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>CREATE USER DBASEC

2 IDENTIFIED BY DBASEC;
IDENTIFIED BY DBASEC
*
ERROR at line 2:
SCOTT>COLUMN Empno FORMAT 9999

SCOTT>COLUMN MGR FORMAT 9999
SCOTT>COLUMN Sal FORMAT 9999
SCOTT>COLUMN Comm FORMAT 9999
SCOTT>COLUMN Deptno FORMAT 99
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>SELECT * FROM Emp;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SCOTT>GRANT SELECT
2 ON Emp
3 TO DBASEC;
Grant succeeded.
SCOTT>SPOOL OFF
SQL> SET SQLPROMPT SCOTT>
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>DESC USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
GRANTEE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
GRANTOR NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
HIERARCHY VARCHAR2(3)
SCOTT>COLUMN GRANTEE FORMAT A15

SCOTT>COLUMN "Table" FORMAT A15
SCOTT>COLUMN GRANTOR FORMAT A15
SCOTT>COLUMN PRIVILEGE FORMAT A15
SCOTT>SELECT
2 GRANTEE,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
6 FROM USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE;
no rows selected
SCOTT>
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>COLUMN Empno FORMAT 9999

SCOTT>COLUMN Sal FORMAT 9999
SCOTT>COLUMN Comm FORMAT 9999
SCOTT>COLUMN MGR FORMAT 9999
SCOTT>COLUMN Deptno FORMAT 99
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>SELECT * FROM Emp;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
Mobile : 9030750090
14 rows selected.
SCOTT>GRANT SELECT
2 ON Emp
3 TO DBASEC;
Grant succeeded.
SCOTT>SELECT
2 GRANTEE,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
GRANTEE Table GRANTOR PRIVILEGE

--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
DBASEC EMP SCOTT SELECT
SCOTT>GRANT SELECT, DELETE

2 ON Dept
3 TO DBASEC;
Grant succeeded.
SCOTT>SELECT
2 GRANTEE,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
GRANTEE Table GRANTOR PRIVILEGE

--------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
DBASEC DEPT SCOTT SELECT
DBASEC EMP SCOTT SELECT
DBASEC DEPT SCOTT DELETE
SCOTT>SELECT * FROM Dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT>ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>GRANT INSERT
2 ON Dept
Mobile : 9030750090
3 TO DBASEC;
Grant succeeded.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT>INSERT INTO SCOTT.Dept

1 row created.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SCOTT>COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SCOTT>REVOKE SELECT
2 ON Emp
3 FROM DBASEC;
Revoke succeeded.
SCOTT>REVOKE SELECT, INSERT, DELETE

2 ON Dept
3 FROM DBASEC;
Revoke succeeded.
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>SELECT
2 GRANTEE,
4 GRANTOR,
5 PRIVILEGE
no rows selected
SCOTT>cl scr
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT>CREATE ROLE EmpSec;

CREATE ROLE EmpSec
*
ERROR at line 1:
SCOTT>CREATE ROLE EmpSec;
Role created.
SCOTT>GRANT SELECT, UPDATE

2 ON Emp
3 TO EmpSec;
Grant succeeded.
SCOTT>GRANT EmpSec
2 TO DBASEC;
Grant succeeded.
SCOTT>GRANT SELECT
2 ON Dept
3 TO EmpSec;
Grant succeeded.
SCOTT>REVOKE SELECT
2 ON Emp
3 FROM EmpSec;
Revoke succeeded.
SCOTT>DESC USER_ROLE_PRIVS
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
USERNAME VARCHAR2(30)
GRANTED_ROLE VARCHAR2(30)
ADMIN_OPTION VARCHAR2(3)
DEFAULT_ROLE VARCHAR2(3)
OS_GRANTED VARCHAR2(3)
SCOTT>SELECT
2 USERNAME,
3 GRANTED_ROLE
4 FROM USER_ROLE_PRIVS;
USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT CONNECT
SCOTT EMPSEC
SCOTT RESOURCE
SCOTT>DESC ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
Mobile : 9030750090
Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ROLE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
ADMIN_OPTION VARCHAR2(3)
SCOTT>COLUMN ROLE FORMAT A10

SCOTT>COLUMN PRIVILEGE FORMAT A20
SCOTT>SELECT
2 ROLE,
3 PRIVILEGE
4 FROM ROLE_SYS_PRIVS;
ROLE PRIVILEGE
---------- --------------------
CONNECT CREATE VIEW
CONNECT CREATE TABLE
CONNECT ALTER SESSION
CONNECT CREATE CLUSTER
CONNECT CREATE SESSION
CONNECT CREATE SYNONYM
CONNECT CREATE SEQUENCE
CONNECT CREATE DATABASE LINK
RESOURCE CREATE TYPE
RESOURCE CREATE TABLE
RESOURCE CREATE CLUSTER
ROLE PRIVILEGE
---------- --------------------
RESOURCE CREATE TRIGGER
RESOURCE CREATE OPERATOR
RESOURCE CREATE SEQUENCE
RESOURCE CREATE INDEXTYPE
RESOURCE CREATE PROCEDURE
16 rows selected.
SCOTT>DESC ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ROLE NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
SCOTT>SELECT
2 ROLE,
3 PRIVILEGE
4 FROM ROLE_TAB_PRIVS;
ROLE PRIVILEGE
---------- --------------------
EMPSEC UPDATE
EMPSEC SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
SCOTT>DROP ROLE EmpSec;
Role dropped.
SCOTT>cl scr
SCOTT>CREATE SYNONYM Employee

2 FOR SCOTT.Emp;
Synonym created.
SCOTT>DESC Employee
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
SCOTT>SELECT * FROM Employee;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ----- ----- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SCOTT>GRANT SELECT
2 ON Employee
3 TO DBASEC;
Grant succeeded.
SCOTT>CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM Employee

2 FOR SCOTT.Emp;
Mobile : 9030750090
CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM Employee

*
ERROR at line 1:
SCOTT>CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM Employee

2 FOR SCOTT.Emp;
Synonym created.
SCOTT>SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090
2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400

2 FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

es=364)
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=182)
SQL> SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal), (SELECT SUM(Sal) FROM Emp) SalSum
2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL) SALSUM

------ ---------- ----------
10 8750 29025
20 10875 29025
30 9400 29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)
es=182)

es=364)
SQL> SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal), SalSum

2 FROM Emp, (SELECT SUM(Sal) SalSum FROM Emp)
3 GROUP BY Deptno, SalSum;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL) SALSUM

------ ---------- ----------
10 8750 29025
20 10875 29025
30 9400 29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
6)

2 1 MERGE JOIN (CARTESIAN) (Cost=6 Card=14 Bytes=546)
14 Bytes=182)

ytes=364)
2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno
4 UNION
5 SELECT NULL, SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp;
DEPTNO SALSUM
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
7)

2 1 UNION-ALL
Bytes=364)

Bytes=182)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(Deptno);
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)
1 0 SORT (GROUP BY ROLLUP) (Cost=4 Card=14 Bytes=364)

es=364)
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY ROLLUP(Deptno)
SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Job, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(Job);
JOB SUM(SAL)
--------- ----------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Ename, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Ename;
ENAME SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
ADAMS 1100
ALLEN 1600
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
FORD 3000
JAMES 950
JONES 2975
KING 5000
MARTIN 1250
MILLER 1300
SCOTT 3000
ENAME SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
SMITH 800
TURNER 1500
WARD 1250
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY ROLLUP(Ename)
SQL> /
ENAME SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
ADAMS 1100
ALLEN 1600
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
FORD 3000
JAMES 950
JONES 2975
KING 5000
MARTIN 1250
MILLER 1300
SCOTT 3000
ENAME SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
SMITH 800
TURNER 1500
WARD 1250
29025
15 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY ROLLUP(JOb)
SQL> /
JOB SUM(SAL)
--------- ----------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN Deptno FORMAT A15

SQL> SELECT
2 NVL(TO_CHAR(Deptno), 'All Departments') Deptno,
3 AVG(SAL) AVGSal
4 FROM Emp
DEPTNO AVGSAL
--------------- ----------
10 2916.66667
20 2175
30 1566.66667
All Departments 2073.21429
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- ----------
########## CLERK 1300
########## MANAGER 2450
########## PRESIDENT 5000
########## CLERK 1900
########## ANALYST 6000
########## MANAGER 2975
########## CLERK 950
########## MANAGER 2850
########## SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.

SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, Job, SUM(Sal)
2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY ROLLUP(Deptno, Job)
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
29025
13 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400

2 FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(Deptno, Job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
29025
13 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN Deptno FORMAT A15

SQL> SELECT
2 NVL(TO_CHAR(Deptno), 'All Departments') Deptno,
3 NVL(Job, 'All Jobs') Jobs,
4 SUM(Sal) Salary
5 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOBS SALARY

--------------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 All Jobs 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 All Jobs 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOBS SALARY

--------------- --------- ----------
30 All Jobs 9400
All Departments All Jobs 29025
13 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') "Year",
3 SUM(Sal) SumSal
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY ROLLUP(TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'));
Year SUMSAL
---- ----------
1980 800
1981 22825
1982 4300
1983 1100
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=308)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET AUTOTRACE OFF EXPLIAN

SP2-0158: unknown SET option "EXPLIAN"
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- ----------
########## CLERK 1300
########## MANAGER 2450
########## PRESIDENT 5000
########## 8750
########## CLERK 1900
########## ANALYST 6000
########## MANAGER 2975
########## 10875
########## CLERK 950
########## MANAGER 2850
########## SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
---------- --------- ----------
########## 9400
29025
13 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN DEPTNO FORMAT 99

SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
29025
13 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Job,

2 SUM(Sal) Salary
3 FROM Emp
4 GROUP BY CUBE(Deptno, Job)
5 ORDER BY Deptno;
DEPTNO JOB SALARY

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SALARY

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
18 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
SQL> SELECT Job,, SUM(Sal)

2
2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Job;
JOB SUM(SAL)
--------- ----------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600

2 FROm Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025
SQL> cl scr
2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, GROUPING(Deptno) GrpBIT, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
DEPTNO GRPBIT SUM(SAL)

------ ---------- ----------
10 0 8750
20 0 10875
30 0 9400
1 29025
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, GROUPING(Deptno) GrpBIT, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY ROLLUP(Deptno)
4* HAVING GROUPING(Deptno) IN(&GrpBit1, &GrpBit2)
SQL> /
Enter value for grpbit1: 0
old 4: HAVING GROUPING(Deptno) IN(&GrpBit1, &GrpBit2)
new 4: HAVING GROUPING(Deptno) IN(0, 0)

------ ---------- ----------
10 0 8750
20 0 10875
30 0 9400
SQL> /

------ ---------- ----------
10 0 8750
20 0 10875
30 0 9400
1 29025
SQL> /

------ ---------- ----------
1 29025
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
SQL> SELECT Job, SUm(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Job;
JOB SUM(SAL)
--------- ----------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600

2 FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL)
----------
29025

2 FROM EMp
4 ORDER BY Deptno;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
18 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM EMp
4 HAVING GROUPING(&GColumn) IN(&GrpBIT1, &GrpBit2)
5* ORDER BY Deptno
SQL> /
Enter value for gcolumn: Deptno
old 4: HAVING GROUPING(&GColumn) IN(&GrpBIT1, &GrpBit2)
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
12 rows selected.
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
6 rows selected.
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
18 rows selected.
SQL> /
Enter value for gcolumn: Job
new 4: HAVING GROUPING(Job) IN(0, 0)
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 SALESMAN 5600
30 MANAGER 2850
CLERK 4150
SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
PRESIDENT 5000
MANAGER 8275
ANALYST 6000
14 rows selected.
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)
------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
18 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job, Sal, Deptno,

2 DECODE(Deptno,
3 10, 'ACCOUNTING',
4 20, 'RESEARCH',
5 30 , 'SALES',
6 40 , 'OPERATIONS',
7 'OTHER') Departments
8 FROM Emp
9 ORDER BY Departments;
ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO DEPARTMENT

---------- --------- ---------- ------ ----------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 10 ACCOUNTING
CLARK MANAGER 2450 10 ACCOUNTING
MILLER CLERK 1300 10 ACCOUNTING
JONES MANAGER 2975 20 RESEARCH
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 20 RESEARCH
ADAMS CLERK 1100 20 RESEARCH
SMITH CLERK 800 20 RESEARCH
FORD ANALYST 3000 20 RESEARCH
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 30 SALES
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 30 SALES
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 30 SALES
ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO DEPARTMENT

---------- --------- ---------- ------ ----------
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 30 SALES
JAMES CLERK 950 30 SALES
WARD SALESMAN 1250 30 SALES
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT INITCAP(Ename)||' Takes Care of '||

2 DECODE(Job,
3 'ANALYST', 'Analysis',
4 'CLERK', 'Filing',
5 'MANAGER', 'Managing',
6 'PRESIDENT', 'Administration',
7 'SALESMAN', 'Sales') Responsibilities
8 FROM Emp;
RESPONSIBILITIES
---------------------------------------
King Takes Care of Administration
Blake Takes Care of Managing
Clark Takes Care of Managing
Jones Takes Care of Managing
Martin Takes Care of Sales
Allen Takes Care of Sales
Turner Takes Care of Sales
James Takes Care of Filing
Ward Takes Care of Sales
Ford Takes Care of Analysis
Smith Takes Care of Filing
RESPONSIBILITIES
---------------------------------------
Scott Takes Care of Analysis
Adams Takes Care of Filing
Miller Takes Care of Filing
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT
2 ROWNUM, DECODE(ROWNUM,
3 1, 'One',
4 2, 'Two',
5 3, 'Three') Spell
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE ROWNUM <= 4;
ROWNUM SPELL
---------- -----
1 One
2 Two
3 Three
4
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 ROWNUM, DECODE(ROWNUM,
3 1, 'One',
4 2, 'Two',
5 3, 'Three',
6 'Donot Know') Spell
7 FROM Emp
8* WHERE ROWNUM <= &GiveVal
SQL> /
Enter value for giveval: 3
old 8: WHERE ROWNUM <= &GiveVal
new 8: WHERE ROWNUM <= 3
ROWNUM SPELL
---------- ----------
1 One
2 Two
3 Three
SQL> /
ROWNUM SPELL
---------- ----------
1 One
2 Two
3 Three
4 Donot Know
5 Donot Know
6 Donot Know
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 ROWNUM "S.No", DECODE(ROWNUM,
3 1, 'One',
4 2, 'Two',
5 3, 'Three',
6 'Donot Know') Spell
7 FROM Emp
8* WHERE ROWNUM <= &GiveVal
SQL> /
S.No SPELL
---------- ----------
1 One
2 Two
3 Three
4 Donot Know
SQL> cl scr

2 DECODE(Job,
3 'CLERK', 'E',
4 'SALESMAN', 'D',
5 'ANALYST', 'C',
6 'MANAGER', 'B',
7 'PRESIDENT', 'A',
8 'O') Grades
9 FROM EMP ORDER BY JOB;
ENAME JOB G
---------- --------- -
FORD ANALYST C
SCOTT ANALYST C
JAMES CLERK E
SMITH CLERK E
MILLER CLERK E
ADAMS CLERK E
BLAKE MANAGER B
CLARK MANAGER B
JONES MANAGER B
KING PRESIDENT A
MARTIN SALESMAN D
ENAME JOB G
---------- --------- -
ALLEN SALESMAN D
WARD SALESMAN D
TURNER SALESMAN D
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 DECODE(Job,
3 'CLERK', 'E',
4 'SALESMAN', 'D',
5 'ANALYST', 'C',
6 'MANAGER', 'B',
7 'PRESIDENT', 'A',
8 'O') Grades, Deptno,
9 DECODE(Deptno,
10 10, 'ACCOUNTING',
11 20, 'RESEARCH',
12 30 , 'SALES',
14 'OTHER') Departments,
15 Sal, Grade
16 FROM EMP E, Salgrade S
17 WHERE Sal BETWEEN LoSal AND HiSal
18 ORDER BY JOB;
ENAME JOB G DEPTNO DEPARTMENT SAL GRADE

---------- --------- - ------ ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD ANALYST C 20 RESEARCH 3000 4
SCOTT ANALYST C 20 RESEARCH 3000 4
SMITH CLERK E 20 RESEARCH 800 1
JAMES CLERK E 30 SALES 950 1
ADAMS CLERK E 20 RESEARCH 1100 1
MILLER CLERK E 10 ACCOUNTING 1300 2
CLARK MANAGER B 10 ACCOUNTING 2450 4
BLAKE MANAGER B 30 SALES 2850 4
JONES MANAGER B 20 RESEARCH 2975 4
KING PRESIDENT A 10 ACCOUNTING 5000 5
MARTIN SALESMAN D 30 SALES 1250 2

---------- --------- - ------ ---------- ---------- ----------
WARD SALESMAN D 30 SALES 1250 2
TURNER SALESMAN D 30 SALES 1500 3
ALLEN SALESMAN D 30 SALES 1600 3
14 rows selected.

SQL> ED

2 DECODE(Job,
3 'CLERK', 'E',
4 'SALESMAN', 'D',
5 'ANALYST', 'C',
6 'MANAGER', 'B',
7 'PRESIDENT', 'A',
8 'O') Grades, D.Deptno,
9 Dname,
10 Sal, Grade
11 FROM EMP E, Salgrade S, Dept D
12 WHERE
13 E.Deptno = D.Deptno AND
14 Sal BETWEEN LoSal AND HiSal
15* ORDER BY JOB
SQL> /
ENAME JOB G DEPTNO DNAME SAL GRADE

---------- --------- - ------ -------------- ---------- ----------
ENAME JOB G DEPTNO DNAME SAL GRADE

---------- --------- - ------ -------------- ---------- ----------
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0)

2 1 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=9 Card=1 Bytes=100)
5 4 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SALGRADE' (TABLE) (Cost=3
Card=5 Bytes=195)
6 3 FILTER
8 7 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Car
d=14 Bytes=546)

1 Card=1 Bytes=22)


2 DECODE(Job,
3 'CLERK', 'E',
4 'SALESMAN', 'D',
5 'ANALYST', 'C',
6 'MANAGER', 'B',
7 'PRESIDENT', 'A',
9 DECODE(Deptno,
11 20, 'RESEARCH',
12 30 , 'SALES',
15 Sal, Grade
18 ORDER BY JOB;

---------- --------- - ------ ---------- ---------- ----------

---------- --------- - ------ ---------- ---------- ----------
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4 3 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SALGRADE' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Ca
rd=5 Bytes=195)
5 2 FILTER
14 Bytes=546)
SQL> cl scr

2 DECODE(MGR,
3 7566, (SELECT Ename
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Empno = 7566),
7 FROM Emp
10 FROM Emp
13 FROM Emp
16 FROM Emp
19 FROM Emp
21 'Do Not Know') Manager,
22 DECODE(Job,
23 'CLERK', 'E',
24 'SALESMAN', 'D',
25 'ANALYST', 'C',
26 'MANAGER', 'B',
27 'PRESIDENT', 'A',
29 DECODE(Deptno,
31 20, 'RESEARCH',
32 30 , 'SALES',
35 Sal, Grade
38 ORDER BY JOB;
ENAME JOB MANAGER G DEPTNO DEPARTMENT SAL GRADE

---------- --------- ----------- - ------ ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD ANALYST JONES C 20 RESEARCH 3000 4
SCOTT ANALYST JONES C 20 RESEARCH 3000 4
SMITH CLERK FORD E 20 RESEARCH 800 1
JAMES CLERK BLAKE E 30 SALES 950 1
ADAMS CLERK SCOTT E 20 RESEARCH 1100 1
MILLER CLERK CLARK E 10 ACCOUNTING 1300 2
CLARK MANAGER KING B 10 ACCOUNTING 2450 4
BLAKE MANAGER KING B 30 SALES 2850 4
JONES MANAGER KING B 20 RESEARCH 2975 4
KING PRESIDENT Do Not Know A 10 ACCOUNTING 5000 5
MARTIN SALESMAN BLAKE D 30 SALES 1250 2
ENAME JOB MANAGER G DEPTNO DEPARTMENT SAL GRADE

---------- --------- ----------- - ------ ---------- ---------- ----------
WARD SALESMAN BLAKE D 30 SALES 1250 2
TURNER SALESMAN BLAKE D 30 SALES 1500 3
ALLEN SALESMAN BLAKE D 30 SALES 1600 3
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
d=1 Bytes=20)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)

d=1 Bytes=20)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)

d=1 Bytes=20)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)

d=1 Bytes=20)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)

d=1 Bytes=20)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)

d=1 Bytes=20)

) (Cost=1 Card=1)

16 15 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SALGRADE' (TABLE) (Cost=3 Ca
rd=5 Bytes=195)
17 14 FILTER
14 Bytes=728)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') Year, COUNT(*) EmpCnt
3 FROM Emp
4 GROUP BY ROLLUP(TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'));
YEAR EMPCNT
---- ----------
1980 1
1981 10
1982 2
1983 1
14
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
6)

es=126)
SQL> SELECT
2 SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'),
3 1980, 1, 0)) "1980" ,
5 1981, 1, 0)) "1981" ,
7 1982, 1, 0)) "1982" ,
9 1983, 1, 0)) "1983",
10 COUNT(*) Total
11 FROM Emp;
1980 1981 1982 1983 TOTAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 10 2 1 14
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=126)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 COUNT(DECODE(TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY'),
3 1980, 1, 0)) "1980" ,
5 1981, 1, 0)) "1981" ,
7 1982, 1, 0)) "1982" ,
9 1983, 1, 0)) "1983",
10 COUNT(*) Total
11* FROM Emp
SQL> /
1980 1981 1982 1983 TOTAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
14 14 14 14 14
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=126)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 1980, 1, NULL)) "1980" ,
5 1981, 1, NULL)) "1981" ,
7 1982, 1, NULL)) "1982" ,
9 1983, 1, NULL)) "1983",
10 COUNT(*) Total
11* FROM Emp
SQL> /
1980 1981 1982 1983 TOTAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 10 2 1 14
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=126)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job, Sal,

2 DECODE(Job,
3 'ANALYST', Sal * 1.1,
4 'CLERK', Sal * 1.15,
5 'MANAGER', Sal * 1.2,
6 Sal) "REVISED SALARY "
7 FROM Emp;
ENAME JOB SAL REVISED SALARY

---------- --------- ---------- ---------------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 5000
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 3420
CLARK MANAGER 2450 2940
JONES MANAGER 2975 3570
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1250
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 1600
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 1500
JAMES CLERK 950 1092.5
WARD SALESMAN 1250 1250
FORD ANALYST 3000 3300
SMITH CLERK 800 920

---------- --------- ---------- ---------------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 3300
ADAMS CLERK 1100 1265
MILLER CLERK 1300 1495
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

=364)
SQL> cl scr

2 DECODE(Job, 'ANALYST', Sal * 1.1,
3 'CLERK', Sal * 1.15,
5 Sal) "REVISED SALARY",
6 DECODE(Job, 'ANALYST', 'Revised',
7 'CLERK', 'Revised',
8 'MANAGER', 'Revised',
9 'Sorry!') "Status"
10 FROM Emp;
ENAME JOB SAL REVISED SALARY Status

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 5000 Sorry!
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 3420 Revised
CLARK MANAGER 2450 2940 Revised
JONES MANAGER 2975 3570 Revised
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1250 Sorry!
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 1600 Sorry!
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 1500 Sorry!
JAMES CLERK 950 1092.5 Revised
WARD SALESMAN 1250 1250 Sorry!
FORD ANALYST 3000 3300 Revised
SMITH CLERK 800 920 Revised
ENAME JOB SAL REVISED SALARY Status

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- -------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 3300 Revised
ADAMS CLERK 1100 1265 Revised
MILLER CLERK 1300 1495 Revised
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

=364)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Sal,

2 DECODE(
3 Job,
4 'ANALYST', (Sal * 1.1)||' Revised.',
5 'CLERK', (Sal * 1.15)||' Revised.',
6 'MANAGER', (Sal * 1.2)||' Revised.',
7 Sal||' Sorry!') "REVISED SALARY"
8* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
REVISED SALARY
-------------------------------------------------
KING PRESIDENT 5000
5000 Sorry!
BLAKE MANAGER 2850

3420 Revised.
CLARK MANAGER 2450

2940 Revised.
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
REVISED SALARY
-------------------------------------------------
JONES MANAGER 2975
3570 Revised.

1250 Sorry!
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600

1600 Sorry!
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
REVISED SALARY
-------------------------------------------------
1500 Sorry!
JAMES CLERK 950

1092.5 Revised.
WARD SALESMAN 1250

1250 Sorry!
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
REVISED SALARY
-------------------------------------------------
FORD ANALYST 3000
3300 Revised.
SMITH CLERK 800

920 Revised.
SCOTT ANALYST 3000

3300 Revised.
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
REVISED SALARY
-------------------------------------------------
ADAMS CLERK 1100
1265 Revised.
MILLER CLERK 1300

1495 Revised.
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

=364)
SQL> COLUMN "REVISED SALARY" FORMAT A25

SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- -------------------------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 5000 Sorry!
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 3420 Revised.
CLARK MANAGER 2450 2940 Revised.
JONES MANAGER 2975 3570 Revised.
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1250 Sorry!
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 1600 Sorry!
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 1500 Sorry!
JAMES CLERK 950 1092.5 Revised.
WARD SALESMAN 1250 1250 Sorry!
FORD ANALYST 3000 3300 Revised.
SMITH CLERK 800 920 Revised.

---------- --------- ---------- -------------------------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 3300 Revised.
ADAMS CLERK 1100 1265 Revised.
MILLER CLERK 1300 1495 Revised.
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

=364)

3 'CLERK', Sal * 1.15,
7 'CLERK', Sal * 1.15,
9 Sal) - Sal "Extra Amount",
14 FROM Emp;
ENAME JOB SAL REVISED SALARY Extra Amount Status

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ------------ -------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 ########## 0 Sorry!
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 ########## 570 Revised
CLARK MANAGER 2450 ########## 490 Revised
JONES MANAGER 2975 ########## 595 Revised
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 ########## 0 Sorry!
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 ########## 0 Sorry!
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 ########## 0 Sorry!
JAMES CLERK 950 ########## 142.5 Revised
WARD SALESMAN 1250 ########## 0 Sorry!
FORD ANALYST 3000 ########## 300 Revised
SMITH CLERK 800 ########## 120 Revised

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ------------ -------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 ########## 300 Revised
ADAMS CLERK 1100 ########## 165 Revised
MILLER CLERK 1300 ########## 195 Revised
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

=364)
SQL> COLUMN "REVISED SALARY"

COLUMN REVISED SALARY ON
FORMAT A25
SQL> COLUMN "REVISED SALARY" FORMAT 99999
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ------------ -------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 5000 0 Sorry!
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 3420 570 Revised
CLARK MANAGER 2450 2940 490 Revised
JONES MANAGER 2975 3570 595 Revised
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1250 0 Sorry!
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 1600 0 Sorry!
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 1500 0 Sorry!
JAMES CLERK 950 1093 142.5 Revised
WARD SALESMAN 1250 1250 0 Sorry!
FORD ANALYST 3000 3300 300 Revised
SMITH CLERK 800 920 120 Revised

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ------------ -------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 3300 300 Revised
ADAMS CLERK 1100 1265 165 Revised
MILLER CLERK 1300 1495 195 Revised
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)
=364)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> R
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Sal,
3 'CLERK', Sal * 1.15,
7 'CLERK', Sal * 1.15,
9 Sal) - Sal "Extra Amount",
14* FROM Emp

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ------------ -------
KING PRESIDENT 5000 5000 0 Sorry!
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 3420 570 Revised
CLARK MANAGER 2450 2940 490 Revised
JONES MANAGER 2975 3570 595 Revised
MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1250 0 Sorry!
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 1600 0 Sorry!
TURNER SALESMAN 1500 1500 0 Sorry!
JAMES CLERK 950 1093 142.5 Revised
WARD SALESMAN 1250 1250 0 Sorry!
FORD ANALYST 3000 3300 300 Revised
SMITH CLERK 800 920 120 Revised

---------- --------- ---------- -------------- ------------ -------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000 3300 300 Revised
ADAMS CLERK 1100 1265 165 Revised
MILLER CLERK 1300 1495 195 Revised
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

=364)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 COUNT(DECODE(Deptno, 10, '*', NULL)) D10_COUNT,
3 SUM(DECODE(Deptno, 10, Sal, NULL)) D10_Sal,
7 SUM(DECODE(Deptno, 30, Sal, NULL)) D30_Sal
8 FROM Emp;
D10_COUNT D10_SAL D20_COUNT D20_SAL D30_COUNT D30_SAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
3 8750 5 10875 6 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=364)
SQL> SELECT Deptno, COUNT(*), SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)

------ ---------- ----------
10 3 8750
20 5 10875
30 6 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

es=364)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, COUNT(*), SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
SQL> /
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
------ ---------- ----------
10 3 8750
20 5 10875
30 6 9400
14 29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)

es=364)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN D10_COUNT FORMAT 99

SQL> COLUMN D10_SAL FORMAT 99999
SQL> COLUMN EMPCOUNT FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN SALSUM FORMAT 99999
SQL> SELECT
8 COUNT(*) EmpCount, SUM(Sal) SalSum
9 FROM Emp;
D10_COUNT D10_SAL D20_COUNT D20_SAL D30_COUNT D30_SAL EMPCOUNT SALSUM

--------- ------- --------- ------- --------- ------- -------- ------
3 8750 5 10875 6 9400 14 29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
es=364)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Job,
2 SUM(DECODE(Deptno, 10, Sal)) "Deptno 10",
5 SUM(Sal) "Total"
6 FROM Emp
7 GROUP BY Job;
JOB Deptno 10 Deptno 20 Deptno 30 Total

--------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ANALYST 6000 6000
CLERK 1300 1900 950 4150
MANAGER 2450 2975 2850 8275
PRESIDENT 5000 5000
SALESMAN 5600 5600
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job,
5 SUM(Sal) "Total"
6 FROM Emp
7* GROUP BY ROLLUP(Job)
SQL> /
JOB Deptno 10 Deptno 20 Deptno 30 Total

--------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ANALYST 6000 6000
CLERK 1300 1900 950 4150
MANAGER 2450 2975 2850 8275
PRESIDENT 5000 5000
SALESMAN 5600 5600
8750 10875 9400 29025
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

2 SUM(DECODE(Job, 'PRESIDENT', Sal)) "President",
3 SUM(DECODE(Job, 'ANALYST', Sal)) "Analyst",
4 SUM(DECODE(Job, 'MANAGER', Sal)) "Manager",
5 SUM(DECODE(Job, 'CLERK', Sal)) "Clerk",
6 SUM(DECODE(Job, 'SALESMAN', Sal)) "Salesman",
7 SUM(Sal) "Total"
8 FROM Emp
9 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO President Analyst Manager Clerk Salesman Total

------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 5000 2450 1300 8750
20 6000 2975 1900 10875
30 2850 950 5600 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN President FORMAT A9

SQL> COLUMN Analyst FORMAT A9
SQL> COLUMN Manager FORMAT A9
SQL> COLUMN Clerk FORMAT A9
SQL> COLUMN Salesman FORMAT A9
SQL> SELECT Deptno,
2 NVL(TO_CHAR(SUM(DECODE(Job, 'PRESIDENT', Sal))), '***') "President",
3 NVL(TO_CHAR(SUM(DECODE(Job, 'ANALYST', Sal))), '***') "Analyst",
4 NVL(TO_CHAR(SUM(DECODE(Job, 'MANAGER', Sal))), '***') "Manager",
5 NVl(TO_CHAR(SUM(DECODE(Job, 'CLERK', Sal))), '***') "Clerk",
6 NVL(TO_CHAR(SUM(DECODE(Job, 'SALESMAN', Sal))), '***') "Salesman",
7 SUM(Sal) "Total"
8 FROM Emp
9 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO President Analyst Manager Clerk Salesman Total

------ --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ----------
10 5000 *** 2450 1300 *** 8750
20 *** 6000 2975 1900 *** 10875
30 *** *** 2850 950 5600 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET PAGESIZE 200

SQL> BREAK ON Month SKIP 1
SQL> COLUMN Month FORMAT A18
SQL> COLUMN Sun FORMAT A5
SQL> COLUMN Mon FORMAT A5
SQL> COLUMN Tue FORMAT A5
SQL> COLUMN Wed FORMAT A5
SQL> COLUMN Thu FORMAT A5
SQL> COLUMN Fri FORMAT A5
SQL> COLUMN Sat FORMAT A5
SQL> SELECT
2 LPAD(Month, 20 - (20 - LENGTH(Month)) / 2 ) Month,
3 "Sun",
4 "Mon",
5 "Tue",
6 "Wed",
7 "Thu",
8 "Fri",
9 "Sat"
10 FROM (
11 SELECT
12 TO_CHAR(DT,'FMMonth YYYY') Month,
13 TO_CHAR(DT + 1,'IW') Week,
14 MAX(DECODE(TO_CHAR(DT, 'D'), '1', LPAD(TO_CHAR(DT, 'FMDD'), 2)))
"Sun",
"Mon",
"Tue",
"Wed",
"Thu",
"Fri",
"Sat"
21 FROM(
22 SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'Y') - 1 + ROWNUM DT
23 FROM ALL_OBJECTS
24 WHERE
25 ROWNUM <= ADD_MONTHS(TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'Year'), 12) -
TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'Year')
26 )
27 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(DT, 'FMMonth YYYY'), TO_CHAR(DT + 1, 'IW')
28 )
29 ORDER BY TO_DATE(MONTH, 'Month YYYY' ), TO_NUMBER(Week)
30 /
MONTH Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

------------------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
January 2010 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
1 2
February 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28
March 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
April 2010 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
May 2010 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
June 2010 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
July 2010 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
August 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
September 2010 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
October 2010 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
November 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30
December 2010 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
63 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
ERROR:

SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN DEPARTMENTS FORMAT A15

SQL> COLUMN SUM(Sal) FORMAT 99999
SQL> SELECT
2 DECODE(GROUPING(Deptno),
3 1, 'All Departments',
4 Deptno) Departments,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
DEPARTMENTS SUM(SAL)
--------------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
All Departments 29025
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 1, 'All Departments Investment : ',
4 'Department '||Deptno||' Investments : ') Departments,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
SQL> /
------------------------- --------
Department 10 Investments 8750
:

:

:
All Departments Investmen 29025

t :
------------------------- --------

SQL> /
---------------------------- --------
Department 10 Investments : 8750
All Departments Investment : 29025
SQL> cl scr
SQL> R
1 SELECT
3 1, 'All Departments Investment : ',
4 'Department '||Deptno||' Investments : ') Departments,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
---------------------------- --------
All Departments Investment : 29025
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 DECODE(GROUPING(Job),
3 1, 'All Designations',
4 Job) Designations,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
DESIGNATIONS SUM(SAL)
---------------- --------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
All Designations 29025
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
3 1 , 'All Departments',
4 Deptno) Departments,
5 DECODE(GROUPING(Job),
6 1, 'All Designations',
7 Job) Designations,
8 SUM(Sal)
9 FROM Emp
11 ORDER BY Deptno;
DEPARTMENTS DESIGNATIONS SUM(SAL)

---------------------------- ---------------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 All Designations 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPARTMENTS DESIGNATIONS SUM(SAL)

---------------------------- ---------------- --------
All Departments ANALYST 6000
All Departments CLERK 4150
All Departments MANAGER 8275
All Departments PRESIDENT 5000
All Departments SALESMAN 5600
All Departments All Designations 29025
18 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Job;
JOB SUM(SAL)
--------- --------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY
4 (Deptno, Job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY
4* GROUPING SETS(Deptno, Job)
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 MGR,
7 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month') Month,
8 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day') WeekDay
9 SUM(Sal)
10 FROM Emp
11 GROUP BY
12 GROUPING SETS
13 (
14 Deptno,
15 Job,
16 MGR,
19 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Month'),
20 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day')
21* )
SQL> /
SUM(Sal)
*
ERROR at line 9:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 MGR,
8 TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'Day') WeekDay,
9 SUM(Sal)
10 FROM Emp
11 GROUP BY
12 GROUPING SETS
13 (
14 Deptno,
15 Job,
16 MGR,
21* )
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB MGR YEAR Q MONTH WEEKDAY SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
7566 6000
7698 6550
7782 1300

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
7788 1100
7839 8275
7902 800
5000
1980 800
1981 22825
1982 4300
1983 1100
1 5250
2 8275
3 2750

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
4 12750
April 2975
December 7750
February 2850
January 2400
June 2450
May 2850
November 5000
September 2750
Friday 4450
Monday 1250

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
Saturday 1300
Sunday 1250
Thursday 9925
Tuesday 8950
Wednesday 1900
38 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 MGR,
9 SUM(Sal)
10 FROM Emp
11 GROUP BY
12 GROUPING SETS
13 (
14 Deptno,
15 Job,
16 MGR,
21 )
22* HAVING GROUPING(&ColumnName) = 0
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF
SQL> /
Enter value for columnname: Deptno

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
SQL> /
Enter value for columnname: Job

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
SQL> /
Enter value for columnname: MGR

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
7566 6000
7698 6550
7782 1300
7788 1100
7839 8275
7902 800
5000
7 rows selected.
SQL> /
Enter value for columnname: TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY')

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
1980 800
1981 22825
1982 4300
1983 1100

SQL> /
Enter value for columnname: Deptno

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)
1 0 FILTER
ytes=364)
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 MGR,
9 SUM(Sal)
10 FROM Emp
11 GROUP BY
12 GROUPING SETS
13 (
14 Deptno,
15 Job,
16 MGR,
21* )
22 /

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
7566 6000
7698 6550
7782 1300

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
7788 1100
7839 8275
7902 800
5000
1980 800
1981 22825
1982 4300
1983 1100
1 5250
2 8275
3 2750

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
4 12750
April 2975
December 7750
February 2850
January 2400
June 2450
May 2850
November 5000
September 2750
Friday 4450
Monday 1250

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
Saturday 1300
Sunday 1250
Thursday 9925
Tuesday 8950
Wednesday 1900
38 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
82)
1 0 TEMP TABLE TRANSFORMATION

2 1 LOAD AS SELECT
ytes=756)
4 1 LOAD AS SELECT
6 5 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D6604_14C83BF'
(TABLE (TEMP)) (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=26)
7 1 LOAD AS SELECT
10 1 LOAD AS SELECT
13 1 LOAD AS SELECT
16 1 LOAD AS SELECT
19 1 LOAD AS SELECT
22 1 LOAD AS SELECT

26 25 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D6605_14C83BF' (T
ABLE (TEMP)) (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=63)
SQL> cl scr

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno,

2 CASE Deptno
3 WHEN 10 THEN 'ACCOUNTING'
4 WHEN 20 THEN 'RESEARCH'
5 WHEN 30 THEN 'SALES'
6 WHEN 40 THEN 'OPERATIONS'
7 ELSE 'NOT FOUND'
8 END
9 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO CASEDEPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 ACCOUNTING
BLAKE 30 SALES
CLARK 10 ACCOUNTING
JONES 20 RESEARCH
MARTIN 30 SALES
ALLEN 30 SALES
TURNER 30 SALES
JAMES 30 SALES
WARD 30 SALES
FORD 20 RESEARCH
SMITH 20 RESEARCH
ENAME DEPTNO CASEDEPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 20 RESEARCH
ADAMS 20 RESEARCH
14 rows selected.

2 DECODE(Deptno
3 , 10 , 'ACCOUNTING'
4 , 20 , 'RESEARCH'
5 , 30 , 'SALES'
6 , 40 , 'OPERATIONS'
7 , 'NOT FOUND') Dept
8 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO DEPT

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 ACCOUNTING
BLAKE 30 SALES
CLARK 10 ACCOUNTING
JONES 20 RESEARCH
MARTIN 30 SALES
ALLEN 30 SALES
TURNER 30 SALES
JAMES 30 SALES
WARD 30 SALES
FORD 20 RESEARCH
SMITH 20 RESEARCH
ENAME DEPTNO DEPT

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 20 RESEARCH
ADAMS 20 RESEARCH
14 rows selected.

2 CASE
3 WHEN Deptno = 10 THEN 'ACCOUNTING'
4 WHEN Deptno = 20 THEN 'RESEARCH'
5 WHEN Deptno = 30 THEN 'SALES'
6 WHEN Deptno = 40 THEN 'OPERATIONS'
7 ELSE 'Not Specified'
8 END
9 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO CASEWHENDEPTN

---------- ---------- -------------
KING 10 ACCOUNTING
BLAKE 30 SALES
CLARK 10 ACCOUNTING
JONES 20 RESEARCH
MARTIN 30 SALES
ALLEN 30 SALES
TURNER 30 SALES
JAMES 30 SALES
WARD 30 SALES
FORD 20 RESEARCH
SMITH 20 RESEARCH
ENAME DEPTNO CASEWHENDEPTN

---------- ---------- -------------
SCOTT 20 RESEARCH
ADAMS 20 RESEARCH
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal,

2 CASE
3 WHEN Sal >= 800 AND Sal <= 2000
4 THEN 'LOWEST PAY'
5 WHEN Sal >= 2001 AND Sal <= 4000
6 THEN 'MODERATE PAY'
7 ELSE 'HIGH PAY' END
8 FROM Emp;
ENAME SAL CASEWHENSAL>

---------- ---------- ------------
KING 5000 HIGH PAY
BLAKE 2850 MODERATE PAY
CLARK 2450 MODERATE PAY
JONES 2975 MODERATE PAY
MARTIN 1250 LOWEST PAY
ALLEN 1600 LOWEST PAY
TURNER 1500 LOWEST PAY
JAMES 950 LOWEST PAY
WARD 1250 LOWEST PAY
FORD 3000 MODERATE PAY
SMITH 800 LOWEST PAY
ENAME SAL CASEWHENSAL>

---------- ---------- ------------
SCOTT 3000 MODERATE PAY
ADAMS 1100 LOWEST PAY
MILLER 1300 LOWEST PAY
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 CASE
3 WHEN Sal BETWEEN 800 AND 2000
4 THEN 'LOWEST PAY'
8* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL CASEWHENSALB

---------- ---------- ------------
KING 5000 HIGH PAY
JAMES 950 LOWEST PAY
SMITH 800 LOWEST PAY

---------- ---------- ------------
ADAMS 1100 LOWEST PAY
MILLER 1300 LOWEST PAY
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 CASE
3 WHEN Sal BETWEEN 800 AND 2000 AND Job IN('SALESMAN', 'ANALYST')
4 THEN 'LOWEST PAY'
8* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ------------
KING 5000 HIGH PAY
JAMES 950 HIGH PAY
SMITH 800 HIGH PAY

---------- ---------- ------------
ADAMS 1100 HIGH PAY
MILLER 1300 HIGH PAY
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 CASE
4 THEN 'LOWEST PAY'
8* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME SAL JOB CASEWHENSALB

---------- ---------- --------- ------------
KING 5000 PRESIDENT HIGH PAY
BLAKE 2850 MANAGER MODERATE PAY
CLARK 2450 MANAGER MODERATE PAY
JONES 2975 MANAGER MODERATE PAY
MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN LOWEST PAY
ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN LOWEST PAY
TURNER 1500 SALESMAN LOWEST PAY
JAMES 950 CLERK HIGH PAY
WARD 1250 SALESMAN LOWEST PAY
FORD 3000 ANALYST MODERATE PAY
SMITH 800 CLERK HIGH PAY
ENAME SAL JOB CASEWHENSALB

---------- ---------- --------- ------------
SCOTT 3000 ANALYST MODERATE PAY
ADAMS 1100 CLERK HIGH PAY
MILLER 1300 CLERK HIGH PAY
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 CASE
4 THEN 'LOWEST PAY'
8* FROM Emp
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CONN SYSTEM

Connected.
SQL> GRANT QUERY REWRITE
2 TO SCOTT;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT
2 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
3 TO SCOTT;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> GRANT ALTER SESSION

2 TO SCOTT;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> CONN SCOTT/TIGER
Connected.
SQL> ALTER SESSION
2 SET QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED = TRUE;
Session altered.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno , Job, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW DeptJobSalSum

2 AS
3 SELECT Deptno, Job, SUM(Sal) SalSum
4 FROM Emp
View created.

SQL> SELECT Deptno, Job, SUM(Sal) SalSum
2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> SELECT * FROM DeptJobSalSum;
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

---------- --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> SELECT Deptno, SUM(SALSUM)

2 FROM DeptJobSalSum
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SALSUM)
---------- -----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)
1 0 SORT (GROUP BY NOSORT) (Cost=4 Card=14 Bytes=364)

2 1 VIEW OF 'DEPTJOBSALSUM' (VIEW) (Cost=4 Card=14 Bytes=364
)

Bytes=448)
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW

2 EMP_SUM
3 ENABLE QUERY REWRITE
4 AS
5 SELECT Deptno , Job, SUM(Sal)
6 FROM Emp
Materialized view created.
SQL> SELECT Deptno , Job, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)
1 0 MAT_VIEW REWRITE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP_SUM' (MAT_VIEW REWR

ITE) (Cost=3 Card=9 Bytes=288)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

2 1 MAT_VIEW REWRITE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP_SUM' (MAT_VIEW RE
WRITE) (Cost=3 Card=9 Bytes=234)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno;
SELECT Job, SUM(Sal)
*
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Job, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Job
SQL> /
JOB SUM(SAL)
--------- --------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)


2 FROM Emp;
SUM(SAL)
--------
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)


2 FROM Emp
JOB SUM(SAL)
--------- --------
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
6 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)


2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
30 9400
29025
13 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

SQL> SELECT Deptno, Job, SUm(Sal)

2 FROm Emp
4 ORDER BY Deptno;
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 ANALYST 6000
20 CLERK 1900
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
29025
18 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

2 1 GENERATE (CUBE) (Cost=4 Card=9 Bytes=288)
4 3 MAT_VIEW REWRITE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP_SUM' (MAT_VIE
W REWRITE) (Cost=3 Card=9 Bytes=288)

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno, ROLLUP(Job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
30 9400
12 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Job, ROLLUP(Deptno)
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 CLERK 1300
20 CLERK 1900
30 CLERK 950
CLERK 4150
20 ANALYST 6000
ANALYST 6000
10 MANAGER 2450
20 MANAGER 2975
30 MANAGER 2850
MANAGER 8275
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
SALESMAN 5600
10 PRESIDENT 5000
PRESIDENT 5000
14 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
)

SQL> SLECT Deptno, Job, SUM(Sal)
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "SLECT Dept..." - rest of line ignored.
2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY
4 GROUPING SETS(Deptno, Job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

---------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
8 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

2 1 LOAD AS SELECT
3 2 MAT_VIEW ACCESS (FULL) OF 'EMP_SUM' (MAT_VIEW) (Cost=3
Card=9 Bytes=288)
4 1 LOAD AS SELECT
6 5 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660A_14C83BF'
7 1 LOAD AS SELECT
9 8 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660A_14C83BF'

11 10 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660B_14C83BF' (T
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 MGR,
9 SUM(Sal)
10 FROM Emp
11 GROUP BY
12 GROUPING SETS
13 (
14 Deptno,
15 Job,
16 MGR,
21* )
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
7566 6000
7698 6550
7782 1300

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
7788 1100
7839 8275
7902 800
5000
1980 800
1981 22825
1982 4300
1983 1100
1 5250
2 8275
3 2750

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
4 12750
April 2975
December 7750
February 2850
January 2400
June 2450
May 2850
November 5000
September 2750
Friday 4450
Monday 1250

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
Saturday 1300
Sunday 1250
Thursday 9925
Tuesday 8950
Wednesday 1900
38 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
82)

2 1 LOAD AS SELECT
ytes=756)
4 1 LOAD AS SELECT
7 1 LOAD AS SELECT
10 1 LOAD AS SELECT
13 1 LOAD AS SELECT
16 1 LOAD AS SELECT
19 1 LOAD AS SELECT
22 1 LOAD AS SELECT

26 25 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D6611_14C83BF' (T
SQL> ED
1 CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW SubTotals

2 ENABLE QUERY REWRITE
3 AS
4 SELECT
5 Deptno,
6 Job,
7 MGR,
12 SUM(Sal)
13 FROM Emp
14 GROUP BY
15 GROUPING SETS
16 (
17 Deptno,
18 Job,
19 MGR,
24* )
SQL> /
Materialized view created.
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 MGR,
9 SUM(Sal)
10 FROM Emp
11 GROUP BY
12 GROUPING SETS
13 (
14 Deptno,
15 Job,
16 MGR,
21 )
22 /

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
ANALYST 6000
CLERK 4150
MANAGER 8275
PRESIDENT 5000
SALESMAN 5600
7566 6000
7698 6550
7782 1300

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
7788 1100
7839 8275
7902 800
5000
1980 800
1981 22825
1982 4300
1983 1100
1 5250
2 8275
3 2750

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
4 12750
April 2975
December 7750
February 2850
January 2400
June 2450
May 2850
November 5000
September 2750
Friday 4450
Monday 1250

---------- --------- ---------- ---- - --------- --------- --------
Saturday 1300
Sunday 1250
Thursday 9925
Tuesday 8950
Wednesday 1900
38 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
94)
1 0 MAT_VIEW REWRITE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SUBTOTALS' (MAT_VIEW RE

SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 GROUPING(Deptno) GrpDeptnoBit,
4 Job,
5 GROUPING(Job) GrpJobBit,
6 SUM(Sal)
7 FROM Emp
DEPTNO GRPDEPTNOBIT JOB GRPJOBBIT SUM(SAL)

---------- ------------ --------- ---------- ----------
10 0 CLERK 0 1300
10 0 MANAGER 0 2450
10 0 PRESIDENT 0 5000
10 0 1 8750
20 0 CLERK 0 1900
20 0 ANALYST 0 6000
20 0 MANAGER 0 2975
20 0 1 10875
30 0 CLERK 0 950
30 0 MANAGER 0 2850
30 0 SALESMAN 0 5600

---------- ------------ --------- ---------- ----------
30 0 1 9400
1 1 29025
13 rows selected.
SQL> COLUMN GRPDEPTNOBIT FORMAT 99

SQL> COLUMN GRPJobBIT FORMAT 99
SQL> cl scr
SQL> R
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
4 Job,
6 SUM(Sal)
7 FROM Emp

------ ------------ --------- --------- ----------
10 0 CLERK 0 1300
10 0 MANAGER 0 2450
10 0 PRESIDENT 0 5000
10 0 1 8750
20 0 CLERK 0 1900
20 0 ANALYST 0 6000
20 0 MANAGER 0 2975
20 0 1 10875
30 0 CLERK 0 950
30 0 MANAGER 0 2850
30 0 SALESMAN 0 5600

------ ------------ --------- --------- ----------
30 0 1 9400
1 1 29025
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
4 Job,
6 GROUPIN_ID(Deptno, Job) GrpVal,
7 SUM(Sal) SalSum
8 FROM Emp
SQL> COLUMN SalSum FORMAt 99999
SQL> COLUMN GrpVal FORMAt 99
SQL> /
GROUPIN_ID(Deptno, Job) GrpVal,
*
ERROR at line 6:
ORA-00904: "GROUPIN_ID": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
4 Job,
6 GROUPING_ID(Deptno, Job) GrpVal,
7 SUM(Sal) SalSum
8 FROM Emp
SQL> /
DEPTNO GRPDEPTNOBIT JOB GRPJOBBIT GRPVAL SALSUM

------ ------------ --------- --------- ------ ------
10 0 CLERK 0 0 1300
10 0 MANAGER 0 0 2450
10 0 PRESIDENT 0 0 5000
10 0 1 1 8750
20 0 CLERK 0 0 1900
20 0 ANALYST 0 0 6000
20 0 MANAGER 0 0 2975
20 0 1 1 10875
30 0 CLERK 0 0 950
30 0 MANAGER 0 0 2850
30 0 SALESMAN 0 0 5600
DEPTNO GRPDEPTNOBIT JOB GRPJOBBIT GRPVAL SALSUM

------ ------------ --------- --------- ------ ------
30 0 1 1 9400
1 1 3 29025
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
5 SUM(Sal) SalSum
6 FROM Emp
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB GRPVAL SALSUM

------ --------- ------ ------
10 CLERK 0 1300
10 MANAGER 0 2450
10 PRESIDENT 0 5000
10 1 8750
20 CLERK 0 1900
20 ANALYST 0 6000
20 MANAGER 0 2975
20 1 10875
30 CLERK 0 950
30 MANAGER 0 2850
30 SALESMAN 0 5600

------ --------- ------ ------
30 1 9400
3 29025
13 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal) SalSum
5 FROM Emp
6 GROUP BY ROLLUP(Deptno, Job)
7 HAVING
8* GROUPING_ID(Deptno, Job) IN(&GrpVal1, &GrpVal2, &GrpVal3)
SQL> /
Enter value for grpval1: 0
old 8: GROUPING_ID(Deptno, Job) IN(&GrpVal1, &GrpVal2, &GrpVal3)
new 8: GROUPING_ID(Deptno, Job) IN(0, 0, 0)
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

------ --------- ------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
9 rows selected.
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

------ --------- ------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
10 8750
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
20 10875
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM
------ --------- ------
30 9400
12 rows selected.
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

------ --------- ------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

------ --------- ------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

------ --------- ------
29025

SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
5 SUM(Sal) SalSum
6 FROM Emp

------ --------- ------ ------
10 CLERK 0 1300
10 MANAGER 0 2450
10 PRESIDENT 0 5000
10 1 8750
20 CLERK 0 1900
20 ANALYST 0 6000
20 MANAGER 0 2975
20 1 10875
30 CLERK 0 950
30 MANAGER 0 2850
30 SALESMAN 0 5600

------ --------- ------ ------
30 1 9400
3 29025
13 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
8)

es=448)
SQL> SELECT
2 Deptno,
3 Job,
4 SUM(Sal) SalSum
5 FROM Emp
6 GROUP BY ROLLUP(Deptno, Job)
7 HAVING
8 GROUPING_ID(Deptno, Job) IN(&GrpVal1, &GrpVal2, &GrpVal3)
9 /
DEPTNO JOB SALSUM

------ --------- ------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
4)
1 0 FILTER
ytes=364)
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno, ROLLUP(Deptno, Job);
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
10 CLERK 1300
10 MANAGER 2450
10 PRESIDENT 5000
20 CLERK 1900
20 ANALYST 6000
20 MANAGER 2975
30 CLERK 950
30 MANAGER 2850
30 SALESMAN 5600
10 8750
20 10875
DEPTNO JOB SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ----------
30 9400
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
15 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
48)

2 1 MULTI-TABLE INSERT
3 2 DIRECT LOAD INTO OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D6602_14E5DF5'
14 Bytes=448)

9 8 UNION-ALL
10 9 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D6603_14E5DF5
' (TABLE (TEMP)) (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=32)


SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, Job, GROUP_ID() GrpID, SUM(Sal)

2 FROM Emp
3* GROUP BY Deptno, ROLLUP(Deptno, Job)
SQL> /
DEPTNO JOB GRPID SUM(SAL)

------ --------- ---------- ----------
10 CLERK 0 1300
10 MANAGER 0 2450
10 PRESIDENT 0 5000
20 CLERK 0 1900
20 ANALYST 0 6000
20 MANAGER 0 2975
30 CLERK 0 950
30 MANAGER 0 2850
30 SALESMAN 0 5600
10 0 8750
20 0 10875

------ --------- ---------- ----------
30 0 9400
10 1 8750
20 1 10875
30 1 9400
15 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
90)

14 Bytes=448)

9 8 UNION-ALL


SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno, ROLLUP(Deptno, Job)
4* HAVING GROUP_ID() = 0
SQL> /

------ --------- ---------- ----------
10 CLERK 0 1300
10 MANAGER 0 2450
10 PRESIDENT 0 5000
20 CLERK 0 1900
20 ANALYST 0 6000
20 MANAGER 0 2975
30 CLERK 0 950
30 MANAGER 0 2850
30 SALESMAN 0 5600
10 0 8750
20 0 10875

------ --------- ---------- ----------
30 0 9400
12 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
90)

3 2 DIRECT LOAD INTO OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660A_14E5DF5'
4 2 DIRECT LOAD INTO OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660B_14E5DF5'
14 Bytes=448)
9 8 UNION-ALL
10 9 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660B_14E5DF5
11 9 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660A_14E5DF5

12 9 FILTER
13 12 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660A_14E5D
F5' (TABLE (TEMP)) (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=32)
SQL> ED

2 FROM Emp
3 GROUP BY Deptno, ROLLUP(Deptno, Job)
4* HAVING GROUP_ID() = 1
SQL> /

------ --------- ---------- ----------
10 1 8750
20 1 10875
30 1 9400
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
90)

3 2 DIRECT LOAD INTO OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660E_14E5DF5'
4 2 DIRECT LOAD INTO OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660F_14E5DF5'
14 Bytes=448)

9 8 UNION-ALL
10 9 FILTER
11 10 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660F_14E5D
12 9 FILTER
13 12 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660E_14E5D
14 9 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'SYS_TEMP_0FD9D660E_14E5DF5


SQL> cl scr
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Sal

2 FROM Emp
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000
FORD 3000
SCOTT 3000
JONES 2975
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
ALLEN 1600
TURNER 1500
MILLER 1300
MARTIN 1250
WARD 1250
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
ADAMS 1100
JAMES 950
SMITH 800
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT EName, Deptno, Sal,

2 RANK()
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal) EmpRank
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno, EName, Sal
6 ORDER BY Emprank
7
SQL> SELECT EName, Deptno, Sal
2 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000
BLAKE 30 2850
CLARK 10 2450
JONES 20 2975
MARTIN 30 1250
ALLEN 30 1600
TURNER 30 1500
JAMES 30 950
WARD 30 1250
FORD 20 3000
SMITH 20 800
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ----------
SCOTT 20 3000
ADAMS 20 1100
MILLER 10 1300
14 rows selected.

2 RANK()
4 FROM Emp
5 /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL EMPRANK

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 1
JAMES 30 950 2
ADAMS 20 1100 3
MARTIN 30 1250 4
WARD 30 1250 4
MILLER 10 1300 6
TURNER 30 1500 7
ALLEN 30 1600 8
CLARK 10 2450 9
BLAKE 30 2850 10
JONES 20 2975 11

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 12
SCOTT 20 3000 12
KING 10 5000 14
14 rows selected.

2 RANK()
4 FROM Emp
6 ORDER BY Emprank;

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 1
JAMES 30 950 2
ADAMS 20 1100 3
MARTIN 30 1250 4
WARD 30 1250 4
MILLER 10 1300 6
TURNER 30 1500 7
ALLEN 30 1600 8
CLARK 10 2450 9
BLAKE 30 2850 10
JONES 20 2975 11

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 12
SCOTT 20 3000 12
KING 10 5000 14
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT EName, Deptno, Sal,

2 RANK()
4 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY Emprank DESC
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 14
FORD 20 3000 12
SCOTT 20 3000 12
JONES 20 2975 11
BLAKE 30 2850 10
CLARK 10 2450 9
ALLEN 30 1600 8
TURNER 30 1500 7
MILLER 10 1300 6
MARTIN 30 1250 4
WARD 30 1250 4

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 3
JAMES 30 950 2
SMITH 20 800 1
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 RANK()
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC) EmpRank
4 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY Emprank
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 1
FORD 20 3000 2
SCOTT 20 3000 2
JONES 20 2975 4
BLAKE 30 2850 5
CLARK 10 2450 6
ALLEN 30 1600 7
TURNER 30 1500 8
MILLER 10 1300 9
MARTIN 30 1250 10
WARD 30 1250 10

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 12
JAMES 30 950 13
SMITH 20 800 14
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 RANK()
4 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 14
JAMES 30 950 13
ADAMS 20 1100 12
MARTIN 30 1250 10
WARD 30 1250 10
MILLER 10 1300 9
TURNER 30 1500 8
ALLEN 30 1600 7
CLARK 10 2450 6
BLAKE 30 2850 5
JONES 20 2975 4

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 2
SCOTT 20 3000 2
KING 10 5000 1
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT EName, Deptno,
2 RANK()
4 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO EMPRANK

---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 14
JAMES 30 13
ADAMS 20 12
MARTIN 30 10
WARD 30 10
MILLER 10 9
TURNER 30 8
ALLEN 30 7
CLARK 10 6
BLAKE 30 5
JONES 20 4
ENAME DEPTNO EMPRANK

---------- ---------- ----------
FORD 20 2
SCOTT 20 2
KING 10 1
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 DENSE_RANK()
4 FROM Emp
6 ORDER BY EmpRank;

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 1
FORD 20 3000 2
SCOTT 20 3000 2
JONES 20 2975 3
BLAKE 30 2850 4
CLARK 10 2450 5
ALLEN 30 1600 6
TURNER 30 1500 7
MILLER 10 1300 8
MARTIN 30 1250 9
WARD 30 1250 9

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 10
JAMES 30 950 11
SMITH 20 800 12
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM (SELECT EName, Deptno, Sal,
3 DENSE_RANK()
5 FROM Emp
7 ORDER BY EmpRank) E1
8 ORDER BY ROWNUM;
ROWNUM ENAME DEPTNO SAL EMPRANK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10 5000 1
2 FORD 20 3000 2
3 SCOTT 20 3000 2
4 JONES 20 2975 3
5 BLAKE 30 2850 4
6 CLARK 10 2450 5
7 ALLEN 30 1600 6
8 TURNER 30 1500 7
9 MILLER 10 1300 8
10 MARTIN 30 1250 9
11 WARD 30 1250 9

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
12 ADAMS 20 1100 10
13 JAMES 30 950 11
14 SMITH 20 800 12
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 DENSE_RANK()
3 OVER(ORDER BY Ename) RollNo,
4 EName, Deptno, Sal
5 FROM Emp
7 ORDER BY RollNo;
ROLLNO ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 ADAMS 20 1100
2 ALLEN 30 1600
3 BLAKE 30 2850
4 CLARK 10 2450
5 FORD 20 3000
6 JAMES 30 950
7 JONES 20 2975
8 KING 10 5000
9 MARTIN 30 1250
10 MILLER 10 1300
11 SCOTT 20 3000

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
12 SMITH 20 800
13 TURNER 30 1500
14 WARD 30 1250
14 rows selected.
SQL> INSERT INTO Emp(Empno, Ename, Deptno)

2 VALUES(1234, 'ALLEN', 30);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1235, 'ALLEN', 30);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1236, 'ALLEN', 30);
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT
2 DENSE_RANK()
5 FROM Emp
7 ORDER BY RollNo;

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 ADAMS 20 1100
2 ALLEN 30 1600
2 ALLEN 30
3 BLAKE 30 2850
4 CLARK 10 2450
5 FORD 20 3000
6 JAMES 30 950
7 JONES 20 2975
8 KING 10 5000
9 MARTIN 30 1250
10 MILLER 10 1300

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
11 SCOTT 20 3000
12 SMITH 20 800
13 TURNER 30 1500
14 WARD 30 1250
15 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 DENSE_RANK()
5 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY RollNo
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 ADAMS 20 1100
2 ALLEN 30 1600
2 ALLEN 30
2 ALLEN 30
2 ALLEN 30
3 BLAKE 30 2850
4 CLARK 10 2450
5 FORD 20 3000
6 JAMES 30 950
7 JONES 20 2975
8 KING 10 5000

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
9 MARTIN 30 1250
10 MILLER 10 1300
11 SCOTT 20 3000
12 SMITH 20 800
13 TURNER 30 1500
14 WARD 30 1250
17 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 DENSE_RANK()
3 OVER(ORDER BY Ename, Empno) RollNo,
5 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY RollNo
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 ADAMS 20 1100
2 ALLEN 30
3 ALLEN 30
4 ALLEN 30
5 ALLEN 30 1600
6 BLAKE 30 2850
7 CLARK 10 2450
8 FORD 20 3000
9 JAMES 30 950
10 JONES 20 2975
11 KING 10 5000

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
12 MARTIN 30 1250
13 MILLER 10 1300
14 SCOTT 20 3000
15 SMITH 20 800
16 TURNER 30 1500
17 WARD 30 1250
17 rows selected.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 DENSE_RANK()
4 EName, Sal,
5 DENSE_RANK()
6 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC) RankSal,
7 HireDate,
8 DENSE_RANK()
9 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) SeniorRank,
10 DENSE_RANK()
11 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate DESC) JuniorRank
12 FROM Emp
13 ORDER BY RollNo;
ROLLNO ENAME SAL RANKSAL HIREDATE SENIORRANK JUNIORRANK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
1 ADAMS 1100 10 12-JAN-83 13 1
2 ALLEN 1600 6 20-FEB-81 2 12
3 BLAKE 2850 4 01-MAY-81 5 9
4 CLARK 2450 5 09-JUN-81 6 8
5 FORD 3000 2 03-DEC-81 10 4
6 JAMES 950 11 03-DEC-81 10 4
7 JONES 2975 3 02-APR-81 4 10
8 KING 5000 1 17-NOV-81 9 5
9 MARTIN 1250 9 28-SEP-81 8 6
10 MILLER 1300 8 23-JAN-82 11 3
11 SCOTT 3000 2 09-DEC-82 12 2
ROLLNO ENAME SAL RANKSAL HIREDATE SENIORRANK JUNIORRANK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
12 SMITH 800 12 17-DEC-80 1 13
13 TURNER 1500 7 08-SEP-81 7 7
14 WARD 1250 9 22-FEB-81 3 11
14 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT * FROm Emp;cl scr
2
SQL>
SQL> cl scr

2 RANK()
3 OVER(PARTITION BY DeptNo
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC) "TOP Sal"
5 FROM Emp
6 ORDER BY Deptno, Sal DESC;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL TOP Sal

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 1
CLARK 10 2450 2
MILLER 10 1300 3
FORD 20 3000 1
SCOTT 20 3000 1
JONES 20 2975 3
ADAMS 20 1100 4
SMITH 20 800 5
BLAKE 30 2850 1
ALLEN 30 1600 2
TURNER 30 1500 3

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
MARTIN 30 1250 4
WARD 30 1250 4
JAMES 30 950 6
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 DENSE_RANK()
4 FROM Emp
6 ORDER BY EmpRank;

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 1
FORD 20 3000 2
SCOTT 20 3000 2
JONES 20 2975 3
BLAKE 30 2850 4
CLARK 10 2450 5
ALLEN 30 1600 6
TURNER 30 1500 7
MILLER 10 1300 8
MARTIN 30 1250 9
WARD 30 1250 9
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 10
JAMES 30 950 11
SMITH 20 800 12
14 rows selected.

3 DENSE_RANK()
5 FROM Emp
8 WHERE E1.EmpRank <= 5
9 ORDER BY ROWNUM;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10 5000 1
2 FORD 20 3000 2
3 SCOTT 20 3000 2
4 JONES 20 2975 3
5 BLAKE 30 2850 4
6 CLARK 10 2450 5
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT ROWNUM, E1.*

3 DENSE_RANK()
5 FROM Emp
8 WHERE E1.EmpRank &GOperator &GValue
9* ORDER BY ROWNUM
SQL> /
Enter value for goperator: =

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10 5000 1
SQL> /
Enter value for goperator: 1
Enter value for gvalue:
WHERE E1.EmpRank 1
*
ERROR at line 8:
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 ALLEN 30 1600 6
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 FORD 20 3000 2
2 SCOTT 20 3000 2
SQL> /
Enter value for goperator: <

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10 5000 1
2 FORD 20 3000 2
3 SCOTT 20 3000 2
4 JONES 20 2975 3
5 BLAKE 30 2850 4
SQL> /
Enter value for goperator: >

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 ALLEN 30 1600 6
2 TURNER 30 1500 7
3 MILLER 10 1300 8
4 MARTIN 30 1250 9
5 WARD 30 1250 9
6 ADAMS 20 1100 10
7 JAMES 30 950 11
8 SMITH 20 800 12
8 rows selected.
SQL> ED

3 DENSE_RANK()
5 FROM Emp
8 WHERE E1.EmpRank BETWEEN &GVal1 AND &GVal2
9* ORDER BY ROWNUM
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10 5000 1
2 FORD 20 3000 2
3 SCOTT 20 3000 2
4 JONES 20 2975 3
5 BLAKE 30 2850 4
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 CLARK 10 2450 5
2 ALLEN 30 1600 6
3 TURNER 30 1500 7
4 MILLER 10 1300 8
5 MARTIN 30 1250 9
6 WARD 30 1250 9
6 rows selected.
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 ADAMS 20 1100 10
2 JAMES 30 950 11
3 SMITH 20 800 12
SQL> ED

3 DENSE_RANK()
5 FROM Emp
8 WHERE E1.EmpRank IN(&GVal1, &GVal2, &GVal3)
9* ORDER BY ROWNUM
SQL> /
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 KING 10 5000 1
2 CLARK 10 2450 5
3 MILLER 10 1300 8
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
3 SUM(Sal),
4 DENSE_RANK()
5 OVER(ORDER BY SUM(Sal) DESC) YearRank
6 FROM Emp
7 GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY')
8 ORDER BY YearRank;
Year SUM(SAL) YEARRANK

---- ---------- ----------
1981 22825 1
1982 4300 2
1983 1100 3
1980 800 4
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
3 SUM(Sal),
4 DENSE_RANK()
6 FROM Emp
7 --GROUP BY TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY')
8* ORDER BY YearRank
SQL> /
TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') "Year",
*
ERROR at line 2:
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY') "Year", SUM(Sal),

2 DENSE_RANK()
4 FROM Emp
5 GROUP BY Deptno, TO_CHAR(HireDate, 'YYYY')
6 ORDER BY YearRank;
DEPTNO Year SUM(SAL) YEARRANK

---------- ---- ---------- ----------
30 1981 9400 1
10 1981 7450 2
20 1981 5975 3
20 1982 3000 4
10 1982 1300 5
20 1983 1100 6
20 1980 800 7
7 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal,

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC) "Run Sum"
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Run Sum

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
FORD 20 3000 11000
SCOTT 20 3000 11000
JONES 20 2975 13975
BLAKE 30 2850 16825
CLARK 10 2450 19275
ALLEN 30 1600 20875
TURNER 30 1500 22375
MILLER 10 1300 23675
MARTIN 30 1250 26175
WARD 30 1250 26175

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 27275
JAMES 30 950 28225
SMITH 20 800 29025
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal,

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Run Sum"
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
FORD 20 3000 8000
SCOTT 20 3000 11000
JONES 20 2975 13975
BLAKE 30 2850 16825
CLARK 10 2450 19275
ALLEN 30 1600 20875
TURNER 30 1500 22375
MILLER 10 1300 23675
MARTIN 30 1250 24925
WARD 30 1250 26175
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 27275
JAMES 30 950 28225
SMITH 20 800 29025
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 AVG(Sal)
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Mov Avg"
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Mov Avg

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
FORD 20 3000 4000
SCOTT 20 3000 3666.66667
JONES 20 2975 3493.75
BLAKE 30 2850 3365
CLARK 10 2450 3212.5
ALLEN 30 1600 2982.14286
TURNER 30 1500 2796.875
MILLER 10 1300 2630.55556
MARTIN 30 1250 2492.5
WARD 30 1250 2379.54545
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Mov Avg

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 2272.91667
JAMES 30 950 2171.15385
SMITH 20 800 2073.21429
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno,

3 TO_CHAR(SUM(Sal)
4 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename), '99G999D99') "Run Sum",
5 TO_CHAR(AVG(Sal)
6 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename), '99G999D99') "Mov Avg"
7* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Run Sum Mov Avg

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
KING 10 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00
FORD 20 3,000.00 8,000.00 4,000.00
SCOTT 20 3,000.00 11,000.00 3,666.67
JONES 20 2,975.00 13,975.00 3,493.75
BLAKE 30 2,850.00 16,825.00 3,365.00
CLARK 10 2,450.00 19,275.00 3,212.50
ALLEN 30 1,600.00 20,875.00 2,982.14
TURNER 30 1,500.00 22,375.00 2,796.88
MILLER 10 1,300.00 23,675.00 2,630.56
MARTIN 30 1,250.00 24,925.00 2,492.50
WARD 30 1,250.00 26,175.00 2,379.55
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Run Sum Mov Avg

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
ADAMS 20 1,100.00 27,275.00 2,272.92
JAMES 30 950.00 28,225.00 2,171.15
SMITH 20 800.00 29,025.00 2,073.21
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, Sal,

2 RANK()
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC) Rank
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO JOB SAL RANK

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
14 rows selected.

SQL> /

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Deptno, Job, Sal,

2 RANK()
3 OVER(
4 PARTITION BY Deptno
5 ORDER BY Sal DESC) Rank
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Run Sal"
5* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB SAL Run Sal

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 PARTITION BY Job
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------

---------- ------ --------- ------ ----------
14 rows selected.

2 FROM Emp
DEPTNO SALSUM
------ ----------
10 8750
20 10875
30 9400
29025
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal) SalSum

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = &GDeptno
SQL> /
DEPTNO SALSUM
------ ----------
10 8750
8750
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 PARTITION BY Job
5 ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Run Sal",
6 AVG(Sal)
7 OVER(
8 PARTITION BY Job
9 ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Mov Avg Sal"
10* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO JOB SAL Run Sal Mov Avg Sal

---------- ------ --------- ------ ---------- -----------
FORD 20 ANALYST 3000 3000 3000
SCOTT 20 ANALYST 3000 6000 3000
MILLER 10 CLERK 1300 1300 1300
ADAMS 20 CLERK 1100 2400 1200
JAMES 30 CLERK 950 3350 1116.66667
SMITH 20 CLERK 800 4150 1037.5
JONES 20 MANAGER 2975 2975 2975
BLAKE 30 MANAGER 2850 5825 2912.5
CLARK 10 MANAGER 2450 8275 2758.33333
KING 10 PRESIDENT 5000 5000 5000
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN 1600 1600 1600

---------- ------ --------- ------ ---------- -----------
TURNER 30 SALESMAN 1500 3100 1550
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN 1250 4350 1450
WARD 30 SALESMAN 1250 5600 1400
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
5 ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Run Sal",
6 AVG(Sal)
7 OVER(
9 ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Mov Avg Sal"
10* FROM Emp
SQL> /
---------- ------ --------- ------ ---------- -----------
KING 10 PRESIDENT 5000 5000 5000
CLARK 10 MANAGER 2450 7450 3725
MILLER 10 CLERK 1300 8750 2916.66667
FORD 20 ANALYST 3000 3000 3000
SCOTT 20 ANALYST 3000 6000 3000
JONES 20 MANAGER 2975 8975 2991.66667
ADAMS 20 CLERK 1100 10075 2518.75
SMITH 20 CLERK 800 10875 2175
BLAKE 30 MANAGER 2850 2850 2850
ALLEN 30 SALESMAN 1600 4450 2225
TURNER 30 SALESMAN 1500 5950 1983.33333

---------- ------ --------- ------ ---------- -----------
MARTIN 30 SALESMAN 1250 7200 1800
WARD 30 SALESMAN 1250 8450 1690
JAMES 30 CLERK 950 9400 1566.66667
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM(SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal,
3 DENSE_RANK()
6 FROM Emp)
7 WHERE "TOP Sal" <=3
8 ORDER BY DeptNo, Sal DESC;

---------- ------ ------ ----------
KING 10 5000 1
CLARK 10 2450 2
MILLER 10 1300 3
FORD 20 3000 1
SCOTT 20 3000 1
JONES 20 2975 2
ADAMS 20 1100 3
BLAKE 30 2850 1
ALLEN 30 1600 2
TURNER 30 1500 3
10 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
2 FROM(SELECT Ename, Deptno, Sal,
3 DENSE_RANK()
6 FROM Emp)
7 WHERE "TOP Sal" = 3
8* ORDER BY DeptNo, Sal DESC
SQL> /

---------- ------ ------ ----------
MILLER 10 1300 3
ADAMS 20 1100 3
TURNER 30 1500 3
SQL> cl scr

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC) "Run Sal"
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Run Sal

---------- ------ ------ ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
FORD 20 3000 11000
SCOTT 20 3000 11000
JONES 20 2975 13975
BLAKE 30 2850 16825
CLARK 10 2450 19275
ALLEN 30 1600 20875
TURNER 30 1500 22375
MILLER 10 1300 23675
MARTIN 30 1250 26175
WARD 30 1250 26175

---------- ------ ------ ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 27275
JAMES 30 950 28225
SMITH 20 800 29025
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC, Ename) "Run Sal"
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ------ ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
FORD 20 3000 8000
SCOTT 20 3000 11000
JONES 20 2975 13975
BLAKE 30 2850 16825
CLARK 10 2450 19275
ALLEN 30 1600 20875
TURNER 30 1500 22375
MILLER 10 1300 23675
MARTIN 30 1250 24925
WARD 30 1250 26175

---------- ------ ------ ----------
ADAMS 20 1100 27275
JAMES 30 950 28225
SMITH 20 800 29025
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ------ ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
CLARK 10 2450 7450
MILLER 10 1300 8750
FORD 20 3000 3000
SCOTT 20 3000 6000
JONES 20 2975 8975
ADAMS 20 1100 10075
SMITH 20 800 10875
BLAKE 30 2850 2850
ALLEN 30 1600 4450
TURNER 30 1500 5950

---------- ------ ------ ----------
MARTIN 30 1250 7200
WARD 30 1250 8450
JAMES 30 950 9400
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /
---------- ------ ------ ----------
KING 10 5000 5000
CLARK 10 2450 7450
MILLER 10 1300 8750
FORD 20 3000 3000
SCOTT 20 3000 6000
JONES 20 2975 8975
ADAMS 20 1100 10075
SMITH 20 800 10875
BLAKE 30 2850 2850
ALLEN 30 1600 4450
TURNER 30 1500 5950

---------- ------ ------ ----------
MARTIN 30 1250 7200
WARD 30 1250 8450
JAMES 30 950 9400
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT DeptNo, Ename, Sal,

2 SUM(SAL)
3 OVER(
4 PARTITION BY DeptNo
5 ORDER BY EName
6 ROWS 2 PRECEDING
7 ) "Sliding Total"
8 FROM Emp
9 ORDER BY DeptNo, EName;
DEPTNO ENAME SAL Sliding Total

------ ---------- ------ -------------
10 CLARK 2450 2450
10 KING 5000 7450
10 MILLER 1300 8750
20 ADAMS 1100 1100
20 FORD 3000 4100
20 JONES 2975 7075
20 SCOTT 3000 8975
20 SMITH 800 6775
30 ALLEN 1600 1600
30 BLAKE 2850 4450
30 JAMES 950 5400
DEPTNO ENAME SAL Sliding Total

------ ---------- ------ -------------
30 MARTIN 1250 5050
30 TURNER 1500 3700
30 WARD 1250 4000
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename,
2 HireDate,
3 COUNT(*)
4 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate ASC
5 RANGE 100 PRECEDING) HireCnt
6 FROM Emp
7 ORDER BY HireDate ASC;
ENAME HIREDATE HIRECNT

---------- --------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 1
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 2
WARD 22-FEB-81 3
JONES 02-APR-81 3
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 4
CLARK 09-JUN-81 3
TURNER 08-SEP-81 2
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 2
KING 17-NOV-81 3
JAMES 03-DEC-81 5
FORD 03-DEC-81 5
ENAME HIREDATE HIRECNT

---------- --------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 4
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 1
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 2
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename,
2 HireDate, HireDate - 100 "100Days",
3 COUNT(*)
5 RANGE 100 PRECEDING) HireCnt
6 FROM Emp
7* ORDER BY HireDate ASC
SQL> /
ENAME HIREDATE 100Days HIRECNT

---------- --------- --------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 08-SEP-80 1
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 12-NOV-80 2
WARD 22-FEB-81 14-NOV-80 3
JONES 02-APR-81 23-DEC-80 3
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 21-JAN-81 4
CLARK 09-JUN-81 01-MAR-81 3
TURNER 08-SEP-81 31-MAY-81 2
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 20-JUN-81 2
KING 17-NOV-81 09-AUG-81 3
JAMES 03-DEC-81 25-AUG-81 5
FORD 03-DEC-81 25-AUG-81 5
ENAME HIREDATE 100Days HIRECNT
---------- --------- --------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 15-OCT-81 4
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 31-AUG-82 1
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 04-OCT-82 2
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, HireDate, Sal,

2 TO_CHAR(ROUND(AVG(Sal)
4 RANGE 100 PRECEDING) , 2), '99G999D99') AvgSal
5 FROM Emp
6 ORDER BY HireDate ASC;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL AVGSAL

---------- --------- ------ ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800 800.00
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 1,200.00
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 1,216.67
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1,941.67
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 2,168.75
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 2,758.33
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 1,975.00
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 1,375.00
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 2,583.33
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 2,340.00
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 2,340.00
ENAME HIREDATE SAL AVGSAL

---------- --------- ------ ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 2,562.50
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 3,000.00
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 2,050.00
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

2 LAG(Sal, 1, 0)
3 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) PreSal
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL PRESAL

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800 0
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 800
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 1600
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1250
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 2975
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 2850
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 2450
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 1500
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 1250
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 5000
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 950

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 3000
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1300
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 3000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, HireDate, Sal,

2 LAG(Sal, 1)
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 800
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 1600
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1250
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 2975
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 2850
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 2450
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 1500
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 1250
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 5000
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 950

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 3000
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1300
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 3000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAG(Sal, 1)
3 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) PreSal1,
4 LAG(Sal, 2)
6 LAG(Sal, 3)
8 LAG(Sal, 4)
10 LAG(Sal, 5)
11 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) PreSal5
12* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME HIREDATE SAL PRESAL1 PRESAL2 PRESAL3 PRESAL4

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
PRESAL5
----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 800
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 1600 800

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
PRESAL5
----------
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1250 1600 800
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 2975 1250 1600 800
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 2850 2975 1250 1600

800

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
PRESAL5
----------
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 2450 2850 2975 1250
1600
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 1500 2450 2850 2975

1250
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 1250 1500 2450 2850

2975

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
PRESAL5
----------
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 5000 1250 1500 2450
2850
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 950 5000 1250 1500

2450
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 3000 950 5000 1250

1500
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
PRESAL5
----------
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1300 3000 950 5000
1250
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 3000 1300 3000 950

5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAG(Sal, 1)
4 LAG(Sal, 2)
6 LAG(Sal, 3)
8 LAG(Sal, 4)
9 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) PreSal4
10* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 800
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 1600 800
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1250 1600 800
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 2975 1250 1600 800
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 2850 2975 1250 1600
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 2450 2850 2975 1250
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 1500 2450 2850 2975
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 1250 1500 2450 2850
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 5000 1250 1500 2450
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 950 5000 1250 1500

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 3000 950 5000 1250
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1300 3000 950 5000
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 3000 1300 3000 950
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAG(Sal, &GOffset)
4* FROM Emp
SQL> /
Enter value for goffset: 1
old 2: LAG(Sal, &GOffset)
new 2: LAG(Sal, 1)

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 800
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 1600
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1250
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 2975
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 2850
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 2450
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 1500
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 1250
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 5000
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 950

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 3000
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1300
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 3000
14 rows selected.
SQL> /
old 2: LAG(Sal, &GOffset)
new 2: LAG(Sal, 2)

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 800
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1600
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 1250
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 2975
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 2850
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 2450
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 1500
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 1250
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 5000

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 950
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 3000
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE Ename = &GEname
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF
SQL> /
Enter value for gename: KING
WHERE Ename = KING
*
ERROR at line 5:
ORA-00904: "KING": invalid identifier
SQL> ED

4 FROM Emp
5* WHERE Ename = UPPER('&GEname')
SQL> /
Enter value for gename: king

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
KING 17-NOV-81 5000
SQL> ED

4 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 2450
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 5000
SQL> cl scr

2 LEAD(Sal, 1, 0)
3 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) NextSal
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL NEXTSAL
---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800 1600
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 1250
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 2975
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 2850
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 2450
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 1500
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 1250
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 5000
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 950
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 3000
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 1300
ENAME HIREDATE SAL NEXTSAL

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 3000
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1100
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 0
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, HireDate,

2 LAG(Sal, 1, 0)
3 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) PreSal,
4 Sal CurrSal,
5 LEAD(Sal, 1, 0)
6 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) NextSal
7* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME HIREDATE PRESAL CURRSAL NEXTSAL

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 0 800 1600
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 800 1600 1250
WARD 22-FEB-81 1600 1250 2975
JONES 02-APR-81 1250 2975 2850
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2975 2850 2450
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2850 2450 1500
TURNER 08-SEP-81 2450 1500 1250
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1500 1250 5000
KING 17-NOV-81 1250 5000 950
JAMES 03-DEC-81 5000 950 3000
FORD 03-DEC-81 950 3000 1300
ENAME HIREDATE PRESAL CURRSAL NEXTSAL

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 3000 1300 3000
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 1300 3000 1100
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 3000 1100 0
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAG(Sal, 2, 0)
4 LAG(Sal, 1, 0)
6 Sal CurrSal,
7 LEAD(Sal, 1, 0)
8 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) NextSal1
9 LEAD(Sal, 2, 0)
11* FROM Emp
SQL> ED

2 LAG(Sal, 2, 0)
4 LAG(Sal, 1, 0)
6 Sal CurrSal,
7 LEAD(Sal, 1, 0)
8 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) NextSal1,
9 LEAD(Sal, 2, 0)
11* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME HIREDATE PRESAL2 PRESAL1 CURRSAL NEXTSAL1 NEXTSAL2

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 0 0 800 1600 1250
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 0 800 1600 1250 2975
WARD 22-FEB-81 800 1600 1250 2975 2850
JONES 02-APR-81 1600 1250 2975 2850 2450
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 1250 2975 2850 2450 1500
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2975 2850 2450 1500 1250
TURNER 08-SEP-81 2850 2450 1500 1250 5000
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 2450 1500 1250 5000 950
KING 17-NOV-81 1500 1250 5000 950 3000
JAMES 03-DEC-81 1250 5000 950 3000 1300
FORD 03-DEC-81 5000 950 3000 1300 3000
ENAME HIREDATE PRESAL2 PRESAL1 CURRSAL NEXTSAL1 NEXTSAL2

---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 950 3000 1300 3000 1100
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1300 3000 1100 0
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1300 3000 1100 0 0
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 Sal - LAG(Sal, 1, 0)
3 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) DiffPreSal
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL DIFFPRESAL
---------- --------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800 800
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 800
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 -350
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 1725
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 -125
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 -400
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 -950
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 -250
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 3750
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 -4050
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 2050
ENAME HIREDATE SAL DIFFPRESAL

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 -1700
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1700
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 -1900
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

2 Sal - LEAD(Sal, 1, 0)
3 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) DiffNextSal
4 FROM Emp;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL DIFFNEXTSAL

---------- --------- ---------- -----------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800 -800
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 350
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 -1725
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 125
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 400
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 950
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 250
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 -3750
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 4050
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 -2050
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 1700
ENAME HIREDATE SAL DIFFNEXTSAL

---------- --------- ---------- -----------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 -1700
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1900
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 1100
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN Remarks FORMAT A30

SQL> SELECT E1.Ename, E1.HireDate, E1.Sal,
ABS(E1.DiffNExtSal)||DECODE(SIGN(E1.DiffNextSal),
2 1, ' More Than Next Salary.',
3 -1, ' Less Than Next Salary.',
4 ' Salaries Equal.') Remarks
5 FROM (SELECT Ename, HireDate, Sal,
6 Sal - LEAD(Sal, 1, 0)
7 OVER(ORDER BY HireDate) DiffNextSal
8 FROM Emp) E1;
ENAME HIREDATE SAL REMARKS

---------- --------- ---------- ------------------------------
SMITH 17-DEC-80 800 800 Less Than Next Salary.
ALLEN 20-FEB-81 1600 350 More Than Next Salary.
WARD 22-FEB-81 1250 1725 Less Than Next Salary.
JONES 02-APR-81 2975 125 More Than Next Salary.
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 2850 400 More Than Next Salary.
CLARK 09-JUN-81 2450 950 More Than Next Salary.
TURNER 08-SEP-81 1500 250 More Than Next Salary.
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 1250 3750 Less Than Next Salary.
KING 17-NOV-81 5000 4050 More Than Next Salary.
JAMES 03-DEC-81 950 2050 Less Than Next Salary.
FORD 03-DEC-81 3000 1700 More Than Next Salary.
ENAME HIREDATE SAL REMARKS

---------- --------- ---------- ------------------------------
MILLER 23-JAN-82 1300 1700 Less Than Next Salary.
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 3000 1900 More Than Next Salary.
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 1100 1100 More Than Next Salary.
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN Remarks FORMAT A40

SQL> SELECT E1.Deptno, E1.DeptSalSum,
2 ABS(E1.DeptSalSum - NextSal)||
3 DECODE(NVL(SIGN(E1.DeptSalSum - NextSal), 0),
4 1, ' More Budget Than Next Department',
5 -1, ' Less Budget Than Next Department',
6 0, ' Terminating Department') Remarks
7 FROM (SELECT Deptno, SUM(Sal) DeptSalSum,
8 LEAD(SUM(Sal), 1, NULL)
9 OVER(ORDER BY Deptno) NextSal
10 FROM Emp
11 GROUP BY Deptno) E1;
DEPTNO DEPTSALSUM REMARKS

---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
10 8750 2125 Less Budget Than Next Department
20 10875 1475 More Budget Than Next Department
30 9400 Terminating Department
SQL> cl scr
SQL> BREAK ON Deptno SKIP 1

SQL> COLUMN DaysDiff FORMAT A40
SQL> COLUMN DEPTNO FORMAT 99
SQL> COLUMN ENAME FORMAT A10
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Ename, HireDate,
2 LAG(HireDate, 1, NULL)
3 OVER(PARTITION BY Deptno
4 ORDER BY HireDate, Ename) Last_Hire,
5 NVL(HireDate - LAG(HireDate, 1, Null)
6 OVER (PARTITION BY Deptno
7 ORDER BY HireDate, Ename), 0)||' Days of Difference.' DaysDiff
8 FROM Emp
9 ORDER BY DeptNo, HireDate;
DEPTNO ENAME HIREDATE LAST_HIRE DAYSDIFF

------ ---------- --------- --------- ----------------------------------------
10 CLARK 09-JUN-81 0 Days of Difference.
KING 17-NOV-81 09-JUN-81 161 Days of Difference.
MILLER 23-JAN-82 17-NOV-81 67 Days of Difference.
20 SMITH 17-DEC-80 0 Days of Difference.

JONES 02-APR-81 17-DEC-80 106 Days of Difference.
FORD 03-DEC-81 02-APR-81 245 Days of Difference.
SCOTT 09-DEC-82 03-DEC-81 371 Days of Difference.
ADAMS 12-JAN-83 09-DEC-82 34 Days of Difference.
30 ALLEN 20-FEB-81 0 Days of Difference.
DEPTNO ENAME HIREDATE LAST_HIRE DAYSDIFF

------ ---------- --------- --------- ----------------------------------------
30 WARD 22-FEB-81 20-FEB-81 2 Days of Difference.
BLAKE 01-MAY-81 22-FEB-81 68 Days of Difference.
TURNER 08-SEP-81 01-MAY-81 130 Days of Difference.
MARTIN 28-SEP-81 08-SEP-81 20 Days of Difference.
JAMES 03-DEC-81 28-SEP-81 66 Days of Difference.
14 rows selected.
SQL> BREAK ON Deptno DUP

SQL> cl scr

2 FIRST_VALUE(Ename)
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC) Max_Sal_Name
5 FROM Emp ORDER BY Deptno, Sal DESC, Ename DESC;
ENAME DEPTNO SAL MAX_SAL_NA

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 KING
CLARK 10 2450 KING
MILLER 10 1300 KING
SCOTT 20 3000 FORD
FORD 20 3000 FORD
JONES 20 2975 FORD
ADAMS 20 1100 FORD
SMITH 20 800 FORD
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 BLAKE
TURNER 30 1500 BLAKE
---------- ------ ---------- ----------
WARD 30 1250 BLAKE
MARTIN 30 1250 BLAKE
JAMES 30 950 BLAKE
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

4 ORDER BY Sal DESC) Max_Sal_Name
5 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY Deptno, Sal DESC
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 KING
CLARK 10 2450 KING
MILLER 10 1300 KING
FORD 20 3000 FORD
SCOTT 20 3000 FORD
JONES 20 2975 FORD
ADAMS 20 1100 FORD
SMITH 20 800 FORD
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 BLAKE

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
WARD 30 1250 BLAKE
JAMES 30 950 BLAKE
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC) Last
5 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL LAST

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 KING
CLARK 10 2450 CLARK
MILLER 10 1300 MILLER
FORD 20 3000 SCOTT
SCOTT 20 3000 SCOTT
JONES 20 2975 JONES
ADAMS 20 1100 ADAMS
SMITH 20 800 SMITH
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 ALLEN
TURNER 30 1500 TURNER

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
MARTIN 30 1250 WARD
WARD 30 1250 WARD
JAMES 30 950 JAMES
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

5 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 KING
CLARK 10 2450 KING
MILLER 10 1300 KING
FORD 20 3000 FORD
SCOTT 20 3000 FORD
JONES 20 2975 FORD
ADAMS 20 1100 FORD
SMITH 20 800 FORD
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 BLAKE

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
WARD 30 1250 BLAKE
JAMES 30 950 BLAKE
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

4 ORDER BY Sal DESC) First
5 FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL FIRST

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 KING
CLARK 10 2450 KING
MILLER 10 1300 KING
FORD 20 3000 FORD
SCOTT 20 3000 FORD
JONES 20 2975 FORD
ADAMS 20 1100 FORD
SMITH 20 800 FORD
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 BLAKE
ENAME DEPTNO SAL FIRST

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
WARD 30 1250 BLAKE
JAMES 30 950 BLAKE
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
5 FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
KING 10 5000 KING
CLARK 10 2450 CLARK
FORD 20 3000 SCOTT
SCOTT 20 3000 SCOTT
JONES 20 2975 JONES
ADAMS 20 1100 ADAMS
SMITH 20 800 SMITH
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 ALLEN

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
MARTIN 30 1250 WARD
WARD 30 1250 WARD
JAMES 30 950 JAMES
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
4 ORDER BY Deptno) Last
5 FROM Emp
6* ORDER BY Deptno
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
CLARK 10 2450 MILLER
KING 10 5000 MILLER
ADAMS 20 1100 SMITH
FORD 20 3000 SMITH
JONES 20 2975 SMITH
SCOTT 20 3000 SMITH
SMITH 20 800 SMITH
ALLEN 30 1600 WARD
BLAKE 30 2850 WARD
JAMES 30 950 WARD

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
MARTIN 30 1250 WARD
TURNER 30 1500 WARD
WARD 30 1250 WARD
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal ASC
4 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) Min_Sal_Name
5 FROM (SELECT *
6 FROM Emp
ENAME DEPTNO SAL MIN_SAL_NA

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
JAMES 30 950 JAMES
MARTIN 30 1250 JAMES
WARD 30 1250 JAMES
TURNER 30 1500 JAMES
ALLEN 30 1600 JAMES
BLAKE 30 2850 JAMES
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
4 ) Min_Sal_Name
5 FROM (SELECT *
6 FROM Emp
7* WHERE Deptno = 30)
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
JAMES 30 950 JAMES
MARTIN 30 1250 WARD
WARD 30 1250 WARD
ALLEN 30 1600 ALLEN
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
5 FROM (SELECT *
6 FROM Emp
7* WHERE Deptno = 30)
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
JAMES 30 950 BLAKE
WARD 30 1250 BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 BLAKE
BLAKE 30 2850 BLAKE
6 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
5* FROM Emp
6 /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 KING
JAMES 30 950 KING
ADAMS 20 1100 KING
MARTIN 30 1250 KING
WARD 30 1250 KING
MILLER 10 1300 KING
TURNER 30 1500 KING
ALLEN 30 1600 KING
CLARK 10 2450 KING
BLAKE 30 2850 KING
JONES 20 2975 KING

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 KING
SCOTT 20 3000 KING
KING 10 5000 KING
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 FIRSt_VALUE(Ename)
5* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 SMITH
JAMES 30 950 SMITH
ADAMS 20 1100 SMITH
MARTIN 30 1250 SMITH
WARD 30 1250 SMITH
MILLER 10 1300 SMITH
TURNER 30 1500 SMITH
ALLEN 30 1600 SMITH
CLARK 10 2450 SMITH
BLAKE 30 2850 SMITH
JONES 20 2975 SMITH

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 SMITH
SCOTT 20 3000 SMITH
KING 10 5000 SMITH
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

3 OVER(
5 ORDER BY Sal ASC
7* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
CLARK 10 2450 MILLER
KING 10 5000 MILLER
SMITH 20 800 SMITH
ADAMS 20 1100 SMITH
JONES 20 2975 SMITH
FORD 20 3000 SMITH
SCOTT 20 3000 SMITH
JAMES 30 950 JAMES
MARTIN 30 1250 JAMES
WARD 30 1250 JAMES

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
TURNER 30 1500 JAMES
ALLEN 30 1600 JAMES
BLAKE 30 2850 JAMES
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

3 OVER(
5 ORDER BY Sal ASC
6 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) Min_Sal_Name,
7 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
8 OVER(
10 ORDER BY Sal ASC
11 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) Max_Sal_Name
12* FROM Emp
SQL> ED

3 OVER(
5 ORDER BY Sal ASC
6 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) Min_Sal_Name,
7 LAST_VALUE(Ename)
8 OVER(
10 ORDER BY Sal ASC
11 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) Max_Sal_Name
12* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL MIN_SAL_NA MAX_SAL_NA

---------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------
MILLER 10 1300 MILLER KING
CLARK 10 2450 MILLER KING
KING 10 5000 MILLER KING
SMITH 20 800 SMITH SCOTT
ADAMS 20 1100 SMITH SCOTT
JONES 20 2975 SMITH SCOTT
FORD 20 3000 SMITH SCOTT
SCOTT 20 3000 SMITH SCOTT
JAMES 30 950 JAMES BLAKE
MARTIN 30 1250 JAMES BLAKE
WARD 30 1250 JAMES BLAKE
ENAME DEPTNO SAL MIN_SAL_NA MAX_SAL_NA

---------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------
TURNER 30 1500 JAMES BLAKE
ALLEN 30 1600 JAMES BLAKE
BLAKE 30 2850 JAMES BLAKE
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal ASC
5 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ------ ----------
SUM(SAL)OVER(ORDERBYSALASCROWSBETWEENUNBOUNDEDPRECEDINGANDUNBOUNDEDFOLLOWING)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMITH 20 800
29025
JAMES 30 950
29025
ADAMS 20 1100
29025
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ------ ----------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
MARTIN 30 1250
29025
WARD 30 1250
29025
MILLER 10 1300
29025
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ------ ----------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
TURNER 30 1500
29025
ALLEN 30 1600
29025
CLARK 10 2450
29025
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ------ ----------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BLAKE 30 2850
29025
JONES 20 2975
29025
FORD 20 3000
29025
ENAME DEPTNO SAL

---------- ------ ----------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SCOTT 20 3000
29025
KING 10 5000
29025
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal ASC
5 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) "Slide Sal"
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Slide Sal

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 29025
JAMES 30 950 29025
ADAMS 20 1100 29025
MARTIN 30 1250 29025
WARD 30 1250 29025
MILLER 10 1300 29025
TURNER 30 1500 29025
ALLEN 30 1600 29025
CLARK 10 2450 29025
BLAKE 30 2850 29025
JONES 20 2975 29025

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 29025
SCOTT 20 3000 29025
KING 10 5000 29025
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal ASC
5 ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) "Slide Sal"
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 29025
JAMES 30 950 29025
ADAMS 20 1100 28225
MARTIN 30 1250 27275
WARD 30 1250 26175
MILLER 10 1300 24925
TURNER 30 1500 23675
ALLEN 30 1600 22375
CLARK 10 2450 20875
BLAKE 30 2850 19275
JONES 20 2975 16825

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 13975
SCOTT 20 3000 11000
KING 10 5000 8000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal ASC
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 29025
JAMES 30 950 29025
ADAMS 20 1100 29025
MARTIN 30 1250 28225
WARD 30 1250 27275
MILLER 10 1300 26175
TURNER 30 1500 24925
ALLEN 30 1600 23675
CLARK 10 2450 22375
BLAKE 30 2850 20875
JONES 20 2975 19275

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 16825
SCOTT 20 3000 13975
KING 10 5000 11000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal ASC
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 29025
JAMES 30 950 28225
ADAMS 20 1100 27275
MARTIN 30 1250 26175
WARD 30 1250 24925
MILLER 10 1300 23675
TURNER 30 1500 22375
ALLEN 30 1600 20875
CLARK 10 2450 19275
BLAKE 30 2850 16825
JONES 20 2975 13975

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 11000
SCOTT 20 3000 8000
KING 10 5000 5000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal ASC
5 ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) "Slide Sal"
6* FROM Emp
SQL> /

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
SMITH 20 800 1750
JAMES 30 950 2850
ADAMS 20 1100 3300
MARTIN 30 1250 3600
WARD 30 1250 3800
MILLER 10 1300 4050
TURNER 30 1500 4400
ALLEN 30 1600 5550
CLARK 10 2450 6900
BLAKE 30 2850 8275
JONES 20 2975 8825

---------- ------ ---------- ----------
FORD 20 3000 8975
SCOTT 20 3000 11000
KING 10 5000 8000
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED

2 SUM(Sal)
3 OVER(
4 ORDER BY Sal ASC
5 ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) "Center Sum",
6 TO_CHAR(AVG(Sal)
7 OVER(
8 ORDER BY Sal ASC
9 ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING), '9G999D99') "Center Avg"
10* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Center Sum Center Av

---------- ------ ---------- ---------- ---------
SMITH 20 800 1750 875.00
JAMES 30 950 2850 950.00
ADAMS 20 1100 3300 1,100.00
MARTIN 30 1250 3600 1,200.00
WARD 30 1250 3800 1,266.67
MILLER 10 1300 4050 1,350.00
TURNER 30 1500 4400 1,466.67
ALLEN 30 1600 5550 1,850.00
CLARK 10 2450 6900 2,300.00
BLAKE 30 2850 8275 2,758.33
JONES 20 2975 8825 2,941.67
ENAME DEPTNO SAL Center Sum Center Av

---------- ------ ---------- ---------- ---------
FORD 20 3000 8975 2,991.67
SCOTT 20 3000 11000 3,666.67
KING 10 5000 8000 4,000.00
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 ROW_NUMBER()
3 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC
4 NULLS LAST) RowNo,
5 Ename, Deptno
6 FROM Emp;
ROWNO ENAME DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ------
1 KING 10
2 FORD 20
3 SCOTT 20
4 JONES 20
5 BLAKE 30
6 CLARK 10
7 ALLEN 30
8 TURNER 30
9 MILLER 10
10 MARTIN 30
11 WARD 30
ROWNO ENAME DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ------
12 ADAMS 20
13 JAMES 30
14 SMITH 20
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT
2 ROW_NUMBER()
3 OVER(
5 ORDER BY Sal DESC
6 NULLS LAST) RowNo,
7 Ename, Deptno
8* FROM Emp
SQL> /
ROWNO ENAME DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ------
1 KING 10
2 CLARK 10
3 MILLER 10
1 FORD 20
2 SCOTT 20
3 JONES 20
4 ADAMS 20
5 SMITH 20
1 BLAKE 30
2 ALLEN 30
3 TURNER 30
ROWNO ENAME DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ------
4 MARTIN 30
5 WARD 30
6 JAMES 30
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Ename,

2 ROW_NUMBER()
4 ORDER BY Sal DESC NULLS LAST) SeqNo
5 FROM Emp;
DEPTNO ENAME SEQNO

------ ---------- ----------
10 KING 1
10 CLARK 2
10 MILLER 3
20 FORD 1
20 SCOTT 2
20 JONES 3
20 ADAMS 4
20 SMITH 5
30 BLAKE 1
30 ALLEN 2
30 TURNER 3
DEPTNO ENAME SEQNO

------ ---------- ----------
30 MARTIN 4
30 WARD 5
30 JAMES 6
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT E1.*
2 FROM (
3 SELECT Deptno, Ename,
4 ROW_NUMBER()
7 FROM Emp
8 ) E1
9* WHERE E1.Seqno <= 3
SQL> /
DEPTNO ENAME SEQNO

------ ---------- ----------
10 KING 1
10 CLARK 2
10 MILLER 3
20 FORD 1
20 SCOTT 2
20 JONES 3
30 BLAKE 1
30 ALLEN 2
30 TURNER 3
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

2 MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 1, Ename, NULL)) First,
3 MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 2, Ename, NULL)) Second,
4 MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 3, Ename, NULL)) Third
5 FROM (SELECT Deptno, Ename,
6 ROW_NUMBER()
9 FROM Emp)
10 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
11 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO FIRST SECOND THIRD

------ ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING CLARK MILLER
20 FORD SCOTT JONES
30 BLAKE ALLEN TURNER
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

6 ROW_NUMBER()
8 ORDER BY HireDate NULLS LAST) SeqNo
9 FROM Emp)
10 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
11 GROUP BY Deptno;

------ ---------- ---------- ----------
10 CLARK KING MILLER
20 SMITH JONES FORD
30 ALLEN WARD BLAKE
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno, Ename,

2 ROW_NUMBER()
3 OVER (ORDER BY HireDate NULLS LAST) SeqNo
4 FROM Emp;
DEPTNO ENAME SEQNO

------ ---------- ----------
20 SMITH 1
30 ALLEN 2
30 WARD 3
20 JONES 4
30 BLAKE 5
10 CLARK 6
30 TURNER 7
30 MARTIN 8
10 KING 9
30 JAMES 10
20 FORD 11
DEPTNO ENAME SEQNO

------ ---------- ----------
10 MILLER 12
20 SCOTT 13
20 ADAMS 14
14 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 SELECT E1.*
2 FROM (
3 SELECT Deptno, Ename,
4 ROW_NUMBER()
6 FROM Emp
7 ) E1
8* WHERE E1.Seqno <= 3
SQL> /
DEPTNO ENAME SEQNO

------ ---------- ----------
20 SMITH 1
30 ALLEN 2
30 WARD 3
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

2 NVL(MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 1, Ename, NULL)), 'N.A.') First,
3 NVL(MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 2, Ename, NULL)), 'N.A') Second,
4 NVL(MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 3, Ename, NULL)), 'N.A') Third
6 ROW_NUMBER()
8 FROM Emp)
9 WHERE SeqNo <= 4 OR Deptno IN(10, 20, 30)
10 GROUP BY Deptno;

------ ---------- ---------- ----------
10 N.A. N.A N.A
20 SMITH N.A N.A
30 N.A. ALLEN WARD
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

2 DECODE (SeqNo, 1, Ename, NULL) First,
3 DECODE (SeqNo, 2, Ename, NULL) Second,
4 DECODE (SeqNo, 3, Ename, NULL) Third
6 ROW_NUMBER()
9 FROM Emp)
10 WHERE SeqNo <= 3;

------ ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING
10 CLARK
10 MILLER
20 FORD
20 SCOTT
20 JONES
30 BLAKE
30 ALLEN
30 TURNER
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

6 ROW_NUMBER()
9 FROM Emp)
10 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
11 GROUP BY Deptno;

------ ---------- ---------- ----------
20 FORD SCOTT JONES
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
4 MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 3, Ename, NULL)) Third,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM (SELECT Deptno, Ename, Sal
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
12* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
ROW_NUMBER()
*
ERROR at line 7:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
5 SUM(Sal)
6 FROM (SELECT Deptno, Ename, Sal,
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
12* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
DEPTNO FIRST SECOND THIRD SUM(SAL)

------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING CLARK MILLER 8750
20 FORD SCOTT JONES 8975
30 BLAKE ALLEN TURNER 5950
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
2 DECODE(Seqno, 1, Ename, NULL) First,
3 DECODE(Seqno, 2, Ename, NULL) Second,
4 DECODE(Seqno, 3, Ename, NULL) Third,
5 Sal
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
12* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
DECODE(Seqno, 1, Ename, NULL) First,
*
ERROR at line 2:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
2 DECODE(Seqno, 1, Ename, NULL) First,
3 DECODE(Seqno, 2, Ename, NULL) Second,
4 DECODE(Seqno, 3, Ename, NULL) Third,
5 Sal
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11* WHERE SeqNo <= 3
SQL> /
DEPTNO FIRST SECOND THIRD SAL

------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING 5000
10 CLARK 2450
10 MILLER 1300
20 FORD 3000
20 SCOTT 3000
20 JONES 2975
30 BLAKE 2850
30 ALLEN 1600
30 TURNER 1500
9 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Empno,
3 Deptno,
4 HireDate,
5 FIRST_VALUE(HireDate)
6 OVER (
8 ORDER BY HireDate
9 ) FirstDate,
10 HireDate - FIRST_VALUE(HireDate)
11 OVER (
13 ORDER BY HireDate
14 ) NDays
15 FROM Emp
16 ORDER BY Deptno, NDays;
EMPNO DEPTNO HIREDATE FIRSTDATE NDAYS

---------- ------ --------- --------- ----------
7782 10 09-JUN-81 09-JUN-81 0
7839 10 17-NOV-81 09-JUN-81 161
7934 10 23-JAN-82 09-JUN-81 228
7369 20 17-DEC-80 17-DEC-80 0
7566 20 02-APR-81 17-DEC-80 106
7902 20 03-DEC-81 17-DEC-80 351
7788 20 09-DEC-82 17-DEC-80 722
7876 20 12-JAN-83 17-DEC-80 756
7499 30 20-FEB-81 20-FEB-81 0
7521 30 22-FEB-81 20-FEB-81 2
7698 30 01-MAY-81 20-FEB-81 70
EMPNO DEPTNO HIREDATE FIRSTDATE NDAYS

---------- ------ --------- --------- ----------
7844 30 08-SEP-81 20-FEB-81 200
7654 30 28-SEP-81 20-FEB-81 220
7900 30 03-DEC-81 20-FEB-81 286
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 Empno,
3 Deptno,
4 HireDate,
5 LAST_VALUE(Hiredate)
6 OVER (
8 ORDER BY HireDate
9 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
10 ) LastDate,
11 LAST_VALUE(Hiredate)
12 OVER (
14 ORDER BY Hiredate
15 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
16 ) - HireDate NDays
17 FROM Emp
18 ORDER BY Deptno, NDays DESC
19 /
EMPNO DEPTNO HIREDATE LASTDATE NDAYS

---------- ------ --------- --------- ----------
7782 10 09-JUN-81 23-JAN-82 228
7839 10 17-NOV-81 23-JAN-82 67
7934 10 23-JAN-82 23-JAN-82 0
7369 20 17-DEC-80 12-JAN-83 756
7566 20 02-APR-81 12-JAN-83 650
7902 20 03-DEC-81 12-JAN-83 405
7788 20 09-DEC-82 12-JAN-83 34
7876 20 12-JAN-83 12-JAN-83 0
7499 30 20-FEB-81 03-DEC-81 286
7521 30 22-FEB-81 03-DEC-81 284
7698 30 01-MAY-81 03-DEC-81 216
EMPNO DEPTNO HIREDATE LASTDATE NDAYS

---------- ------ --------- --------- ----------
7844 30 08-SEP-81 03-DEC-81 86
7654 30 28-SEP-81 03-DEC-81 66
7900 30 03-DEC-81 03-DEC-81 0
14 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> SELECT Deptno,
2 NVL(MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 1, Ename, NULL)), 'N.A.') First,
3 NVL(MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 2, Ename, NULL)), 'N.A') Second,
4 NVL(MAX(DECODE(Seqno, 3, Ename, NULL)), 'N.A') Third
6 ROW_NUMBER()
8 FROM Emp)
9 WHERE SeqNo <= 4 OR Deptno IN(10, 20, 30)
10 GROUP BY Deptno;

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 N.A. N.A N.A
20 SMITH N.A N.A
30 N.A. ALLEN WARD
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

4 DECODE (SeqNo, 3, Ename, NULL) Third
6 ROW_NUMBER()
9 FROM Emp)

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING
10 CLARK
10 MILLER
20 FORD
20 SCOTT
20 JONES
30 BLAKE
30 ALLEN
30 TURNER
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

6 ROW_NUMBER()
9 FROM Emp)
10 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
11 GROUP BY Deptno;

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
20 FORD SCOTT JONES
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
5 Sal
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
12* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
ROW_NUMBER()
*
ERROR at line 7:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
5 Sal
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
12* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
Sal
*
ERROR at line 5:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
5 SUM(Sal) SalSum
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11 WHERE SeqNo <= 3
12* GROUP BY Deptno
SQL> /
DEPTNO FIRST SECOND THIRD SALSUM

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING CLARK MILLER 8750
20 FORD SCOTT JONES 8975
30 BLAKE ALLEN TURNER 5950
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

4 DECODE (SeqNo, 3, Ename, NULL) Third,
5 Sal
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
ROW_NUMBER()
*
ERROR at line 7:
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Deptno,
4 DECODE (SeqNo, 3, Ename, NULL) Third,
5 Sal
7 ROW_NUMBER()
10 FROM Emp)
11* WHERE SeqNo <= 3
SQL> /
DEPTNO FIRST SECOND THIRD SAL

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING 5000
10 CLARK 2450
10 MILLER 1300
20 FORD 3000
20 SCOTT 3000
20 JONES 2975
30 BLAKE 2850
30 ALLEN 1600
30 TURNER 1500
9 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Deptno,

2 NVL(DECODE(SeqNo, 1, Ename, NULL), '***') First,
3 NVL(DECODE(SeqNo, 2, Ename, NULL), '***') Second,
4 NVL(DECODE(SeqNo, 3, Ename, NULL), '***') Third
6 ROW_NUMBER()
9 FROM Emp)

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 KING *** ***
10 *** CLARK ***
10 *** *** MILLER
20 FORD *** ***
20 *** SCOTT ***
20 *** *** JONES
30 BLAKE *** ***
30 *** ALLEN ***
30 *** *** TURNER
9 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 DECODE(RN,
3 1, Ename,
4 2, Ename,
5 3, Ename,
6 'Rest'
7 ),
8 SUM(SAL)
9 FROM (
10 SELECT
11 ROW_NUMBER()
12 OVER(ORDER BY Sal DESC) RN,
13 Ename,
14 SAL
15 FROM EMP
16 )
17 GROUP BY
18 DECODE(RN,
19 1, ENAME,
20 2, ENAME,
21 3, ENAME,
22 'Rest'
23 )
24 ORDER BY 2;
DECODE(RN, SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
FORD 3000
SCOTT 3000
KING 5000
Rest 18025
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 NumRow,
3 Deptno,
4 Sal,
5 MAX(Total)
6 OVER() Rest
7 FROM (
8 SELECT
9 NumRow,
10 Deptno,
11 Sal,
12 SUM(Sal)
13 OVER (ORDER BY NumRow
14 RANGE BETWEEN 3 FOLLOWING AND
15 UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) Total
16 FROM
17 (SELECT
18 Empno,
19 Deptno,
20 Sal,
21 SUM(Sal) OVER (ORDER BY Empno) Cumulative,
22 DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Sal DESC) NumRow
23 FROM Emp) B)
24 WHERE NumRow <= 3;
NUMROW DEPTNO SAL REST
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 10 5000 15050
2 20 3000 15050
2 20 3000 15050
3 20 2975 15050
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job, Comm

2 FROM Emp
ENAME JOB COMM

---------- --------- ----------
JAMES CLERK
SMITH CLERK
ADAMS CLERK
MILLER CLERK
SQL> UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Comm = NULL
4 rows updated.
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3* Sal = NULL
4 /
14 rows updated.
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING
BLAKE
CLARK
JONES
MARTIN
ALLEN
TURNER
JAMES
WARD
FORD
SMITH
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
SCOTT
ADAMS
MILLER
14 rows selected.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
KING 5000
BLAKE 2850
CLARK 2450
JONES 2975
MARTIN 1250
ALLEN 1600
TURNER 1500
JAMES 950
WARD 1250
FORD 3000
SMITH 800
ENAME SAL
---------- ----------
SCOTT 3000
ADAMS 1100
MILLER 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Ename, Job, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Ename = 'ALLEN';
ENAME JOB SAL DEPTNO

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 30
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET
3 Job = 'MANAGER',
4 Sal = 2500,
5 Deptno = 10
1 row updated.

2 FROM Emp

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
ALLEN MANAGER 2500 10
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.

2 FROM Emp

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE MANAGER 2850 30
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET
3 Job = 'ANALYST',
4 Sal = Sal + 1000
1 row updated.

2 FROM Emp

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE ANALYST 3850 30
SQL> ED
1 SELECT Ename, Job, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Job = 'ANALYST',
4 Sal = 1000 + Sal
SQL> /
1 row updated.

2 FROM Emp

---------- --------- ---------- ----------
BLAKE ANALYST 4850 30
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Job = 'ANALYST',
4 Sal = 1000 + (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Ename = 'BLAKE'
8 )
SQL> /
1 row updated.
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Job = 'ANALYST',
4 Sal = (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE Ename = 'BLAKE'
8 ) + 1000
SQL> /
) + 1000
*
ERROR at line 8:
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Job = 'ANALYST',
4 Sal = (
5 (
6 SELECT Sal
7 FROM Emp
8 WHERE Ename = 'BLAKE') + 1000
9 )
SQL> /
WHERE Ename = 'BLAKE') + 1000
*
ERROR at line 8:
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Job = 'ANALYST',
4 Sal = Sal + 1000
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;
ENAME JOB SAL
---------- --------- ----------
KING PRESIDENT 5000
BLAKE MANAGER 2850
CLARK MANAGER 2450
JONES MANAGER 2975
ALLEN SALESMAN 1600
JAMES CLERK 950
WARD SALESMAN 1250
FORD ANALYST 3000
SMITH CLERK 800
ENAME JOB SAL

---------- --------- ----------
SCOTT ANALYST 3000
ADAMS CLERK 1100
MILLER CLERK 1300
14 rows selected.
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET
3 Job = 'ANALYST',
4 Sal = 1000 + (
5 SELECT Sal
6 FROM Emp
8 )
1 row updated.
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Job = (
4 SELECT Job
5 FROM Emp
6 WHERE Ename = 'SMITH'
7 ),
8 Sal = 1000 + (
9 SELECT Sal
10 FROM Emp
12 )
SQL> /
1 row updated.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET Sal = Sal * 1.10
4 FROM Dept
5 WHERE Loc = 'CHICAGO');
6 rows updated.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT Empno, Ename, Deptno, Job

2 FROM Emp
EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO JOB

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET
3 Deptno = (SELECT Deptno
4 FROM Emp
5 WHERE Empno = 7788)
6 WHERE
7 Job = (SELECT Job
8 FROM Emp
2 rows updated.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET
3 (Job, Deptno) = (SELECT Job, Deptno
4 FROM Emp
1 row updated.
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE Emp
2 SET
3 Job = (SELECT Job
4 FROM Emp
6 Deptno = (SELECT Deptno
7 FROM Emp
SQL> /
1 row updated.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> UPDATE Emp E1

2 SET Deptno = (SELECT Deptno
3 FROM Dept
4 WHERE Loc = 'DALLAS'),
5 (Sal, Comm) = (SELECT 1.1 * AVG (Sal),
6 1.5 * AVG ( Comm )
7 FROM Emp E2
8 WHERE E1.Deptno = E2.Deptno)
10 FROM Dept
11 WHERE Loc = 'NEW YORK' OR
12 Loc = 'BOSTON');
3 rows updated.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------
JONES 2975 20
FORD 3000 20
SMITH 800 20
SCOTT 3000 20
ADAMS 1100 20
SQL> UPDATE Emp

5 rows updated.

2 FROM Emp
ENAME SAL DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
JONES 3975 20
FORD 4000 20
SMITH 1800 20
SCOTT 4000 20
ADAMS 2100 20

2 FROM Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 20
4 GROUP BY Deptno;
DEPTNO SUM(SAL)
---------- ----------
20 15875
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> VARIABLE Dept20SalSum NUMBER

SQL> UPDATE Emp
3 WHERE Deptno = 20
4 RETURNING SUM(Sal) INTO :Dept20SalSum;
5 rows updated.
SQL> PRINT Dept20SalSum;
DEPT20SALSUM
------------
15875
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.

2 FROM Emp
ENAME SAL DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ----------
JONES 2975 20
FORD 3000 20
SMITH 800 20
SCOTT 3000 20
ADAMS 1100 20
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE MyBonus

2 (
3 Empno NUMBER,
4 Bonus NUMBER DEFAULT 100
5 );
CREATE TABLE MyBonus
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object
SQL> DROP PRCEDURE MyBonus;

DROP PRCEDURE MyBonus
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00950: invalid DROP option
SQL> DROP PROCEDURE MyBonus;
Procedure dropped.
SQL> PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
Recyclebin purged.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE MyBonus

2 (
3 Empno NUMBER,
4 Bonus NUMBER DEFAULT 100
5 );
Table created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM MyBonus;
no rows selected
SQL> INSERT INTO MyBonus(Empno)

2 (SELECT E.Empno
3 FROM Emp E
4 WHERE Job = 'SALESMAN');
4 rows created.
EMPNO BONUS
---------- ----------
7654 100
7499 100
7844 100
7521 100
SQL> SELECT Empno, Sal, Deptno

2 FROM Emp
EMPNO SAL DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7698 2850 30
7654 1250 30
7499 1600 30
7844 1500 30
7900 950 30
7521 1250 30
6 rows selected.
SQL> MERGE INTO MyBonus B

2 USING (SELECT Empno, Sal, Deptno
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE Deptno = 30) S
5 ON (B.Empno = S.Empno)
6 WHEN MATCHED THEN
7 UPDATE
8 SET B.Bonus = B.Bonus + S.Sal * 0.1
9 DELETE
10 WHERE (S.Sal > 4000)
11 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
12 INSERT(B.Empno, B.Bonus)
13 VALUES(S.Empno, S.Sal * 0.1)
14 WHERE(S.Sal <= 4000)
15 /
6 rows merged.
EMPNO BONUS
---------- ----------
7654 225
7499 260
7844 250
7521 225
7698 285
7900 95
6 rows selected.

2 VALUES(1234, 'SAMPLE01', 30, 3750);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1235, 'SAMPLE02', 30, 4050);
1 row created.

2 VALUES(1236, 'SAMPLE03', 30, 3550);
1 row created.
2 VALUES(1237, 'SAMPLE04', 30, 4250);
1 row created.
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET
3 Sal = Sal + 2000
1 row updated.
SQL> UPDATE Emp

2 SET
3 Sal = Sal + 2700
1 row updated.
SQL> MERGE INTO MyBonus B

2 USING (SELECT Empno, Sal, Deptno
3 FROM Emp
4 WHERE Deptno = 30) S
5 ON (B.Empno = S.Empno)
6 WHEN MATCHED THEN
7 UPDATE
8 SET B.Bonus = B.Bonus + S.Sal * 0.1
9 DELETE
10 WHERE (S.Sal > 4000)
12 INSERT(B.Empno, B.Bonus)
13 VALUES(S.Empno, S.Sal * 0.1)
14 WHERE(S.Sal <= 4000)
15 /
8 rows merged.
EMPNO BONUS
---------- ----------
7654 350
7844 400
7521 350
7900 190
1236 355
1234 375
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DELETE FROM Emp;
18 rows deleted.
no rows selected
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000
10
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850

30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450

10

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400

30
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300

30

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0
30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950

30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500

30

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800

20
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 09-DEC-82 3000

20

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
DEPTNO
----------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100
20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300

10
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DELETE Emp;
14 rows deleted.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> DELETE FROM Emp

6 rows deleted.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.

2 WHERE Deptno = (
3 SELECT Deptno
4 FROM Dept
6 );
6 rows deleted.

DELETE FROM Emp
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02292: integrity constraint (SCOTT.EMP_SELF_KEY) violated - child record
found
SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE ExamTimeTable

2 (
3 ExamName VARCHAR2(30),
4 ExamTime VARCHAR2(12),
5 CONSTRAINT ExamNamePK PRIMARY KEY(ExamName)
6 );
Table created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM ExamTimeTable;
no rows selected
SQL> INSERT INTO ExamTimeTable

2 VALUES ('PHYSICAL SCIENCES' , '9:00 AM');
1 row created.
SQL> MERGE INTO ExamTimeTable E1

2 USING ExamTimeTable E2
3 ON
4 (E2.ExamName = E1.ExamName AND
5 E1.ExamName = 'PHYSICAL SCIENCES')
6 WHEN MATCHED THEN
7 UPDATE
8 SET E1.ExamTime = '10:30 AM'
10 INSERT(E1.ExamName, E1.ExamTime)
11 VALUES('PHYSICAL SCIENCES' , '10:30 AM')
12 /
1 row merged.
EXAMNAME EXAMTIME
------------------------------ ------------
PHYSICAL SCIENCES 10:30 AM
SQL> MERGE INTO ExamTimeTable E1

2 USING ExamTimeTable E2
3 ON
4 (E2.ExamName = E1.ExamName AND
5 E1.ExamName = 'CHEMICAL SCIENCES')
6 WHEN MATCHED THEN
7 UPDATE SET E1.ExamTime = '12:30 PM'
9 INSERT(E1.ExamName, E1.ExamTime )
10 VALUES('CHEMICAL SCIENCES' , '12:30 PM');
1 row merged.
EXAMNAME EXAMTIME
------------------------------ ------------
PHYSICAL SCIENCES 10:30 AM
CHEMICAL SCIENCES 12:30 PM
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

2 FROM Emp;

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
JAMES 950 30 CLERK
SMITH 800 20 CLERK

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------
ADAMS 1100 20 CLERK
14 rows selected.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO

1 row created.

1 row created.

DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
60 CARGO MUMBAI
6 rows selected.
SQL> DELETE FROM Dept

1 row deleted.

1 row deleted.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO

SQL> SELECT * FROm Emp;

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ---------- ---------- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ---------- ---------- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SHOW USER

USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
2 ON Dept TO SampTR;
Grant succeeded.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO

1 row created.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
SQL> /
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI

INSERT INTO Dept
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.DEPT_PRIMARY_KEY) violated
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
60 CARGO MUMBAI
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
6 rows selected.
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
60 CARGO MUMBAI
SQL> cl scr
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROm Dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

------ -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
60 CARGO MUMBAI
50 SHIPPING CHENNAI
6 rows selected.
SQL> SAVEPOINT DeptDel01;
Savepoint created.

1 row deleted.
SQL> SAVEPOINT DeptDel02;
Savepoint created.

1 row deleted.
SQL> SAVEPOINT EmpIns01;
Savepoint created.

2 VALUES(1234, 'SAMPLE01', 30, 2000);
1 row created.
SQL> SAVEPOINT EmpDel02;
Savepoint created.

1 row deleted.
SQL> ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT EmpDel02;
Rollback complete.
SQL> ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT DeptDel02;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleALT

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleALT-SampID-PK PRIMARY KEY
5
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE SampleALT

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4* CONSTRAINT SampleALT_SampID_PK PRIMARY KEY
SQL> ED
1 CREATE TABLE SampleALT

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(2)
4 CONSTRAINT SampleALT_SampID_PK PRIMARY KEY
5* )
SQL> /
Table created.

2 ADD
3 (
5 CONSTRAINT SampleALT_SampName_NN NOT NULL,
6 SampDate DATE
7 );
Table altered.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DROP TABLE SampleALT;
Table dropped.
SQL> SELECT * FROm TAB;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
EMP_SUM TABLE
MYSUBTOT TABLE
MYBONUS TABLE
MYMASTERDF TABLE
DEPT10 TABLE
INSERTDEPT VIEW
EDEPT30 VIEW
EXAMTIMETABLE TABLE
BIN$VxL2g13AQcO02YkDCYGTyw==$0 TABLE
SAMPF TABLE
DEPT TABLE

------------------------------ ------- ----------
EMP TABLE
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORD TABLE
ITEM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
PRICE TABLE
SALES VIEW
21 rows selected.
SQL> PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
Recyclebin purged.
SQL> SELECT * FROm TAB;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
EMP_SUM TABLE
MYSUBTOT TABLE
MYBONUS TABLE
MYMASTERDF TABLE
DEPT10 TABLE
INSERTDEPT VIEW
EDEPT30 VIEW
EXAMTIMETABLE TABLE
SAMPF TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE

------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
DUMMY TABLE
CUSTOMER TABLE
ORD TABLE
ITEM TABLE
PRODUCT TABLE
PRICE TABLE
SALES VIEW
20 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ---------- ---------- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ---------- ---------- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> DELETE FROM Emp;
14 rows deleted.
no rows selected
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ---------- ---------- ------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20

----- ---------- --------- ----- --------- ---------- ---------- ------
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 12-JAN-83 1100 20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10
14 rows selected.
SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE Emp;
Table truncated.
no rows selected
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.

no rows selected
SQL> cl scr
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC Emp

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> COMMENT ON TABLE Emp

2 IS 'This Table Stores Employees Information';
Comment created.
SQL> COMMNET ON COLUMN Emp.Ename

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "COMMNET ON..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> COMMENT ON COLUMN Emp.Ename
2 IS 'This Column Stores The Information for Employee Names';
Comment created.
SQL> COMMENT ON COLUMN Emp.Ename

2 IS '';
Comment created.
SQL> SPOOL OFF
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampDept

2 AS
3 SELECT * FROM Dept
4 /
Table created.
SQL> DESC Dept

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> DESC SampDept

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampDept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC

---------- -------------- -------------
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampDept1(

2 DeptID,
3 DeptName,
4 Place
5 )
6 AS
8 /
Table created.
SQL> DESC SampDept1

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNAME VARCHAR2(14)
PLACE VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampDept1;
DEPTID DEPTNAME PLACE

---------- -------------- -------------
Mobile : 9030750090

20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampDept2

2 AS
4 FROM Dept
5 /
Table created.
SQL> DESC SampDept2

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampDept3

2 AS
4 WHERE 1 = 2
5 /
Table created.
SQL> DESC SampDept3

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> SELECT * FROM SampDept3;
no rows selected
SQL> CREATE TABLE SampleTablePart

2 (
3 SampID NUMBER(4)
4 CONSTRAINT SampIDPK PRIMARY KEY,
6 CONSTRAINT SampNameNN NOT NULL
7 CONSTRAINT SampNameCHK
8 CHECK(SampName = UPPER(SampName)),
9 SampDate DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE
10 CONSTRAINT SampdateNN NOT NULL,
11 SampDesc VARCHAR2(4000)
12 DEFAULT 'NOT PROVIDED'
13 )
14 PARTITION BY RANGE(SampID)
Mobile : 9030750090
15 (
16 PARTITION SampIDPart1
17 VALUES LESS THAN (500),
27 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
28 );
Table created.
SQL> cl scr
CREATE TABLE EmpTableHash

(
EmpNo NUMBER(6)
CONSTRAINT EmpNOPK PRIMARY KEY,
EName VARCHAR2(20)
DEFAULT 'NOT PROVIDED'
CONSTRAINT ENameNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT ENameCHK CHECK(EName = UPPER(EName)),
Job VARCHAR2(30)
DEFAULT 'NOT MENTIONED'
CONSTRAINT SampdateNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT JobCHKUpper CHECK(Job = UPPER(Job))
CONSTRAINT JobCHKList CHECK
(
Job IN
(
'PRESIDENT',
'ANALYST',
'MANAGER',
'SALESMAN',
'CLERK'
)
),
DeptNo NUMBER(2)
CONSTRAINT DeptnoCHKRange
CHECK(DeptNo BETWEEN 10 AND 99)
CONSTRAINT DeptnoCHKList
CHECK(DeptNo IN(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90)),
MGRID NUMBER(6)
CONSTRAINT MGRIDFKSelf
REFERENCES EmpTableHash(EmpNo)
ON DELETE SET NULL,
HireDate DATE
Mobile : 9030750090
DEFAULT SYSDATE
CONSTRAINT HireDateNN NOT NULL,
Sal NUMBER(8,2)
DEFAULT 10000
CONSTRAINT SalNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT SalChkRange CHECK(Sal BETWEEN 10000 AND 150000),
Comm NUMBER(7,2)
DEFAULT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommChkRange CHECK(Comm BETWEEN 0 AND 25000),
CONSTRAINT DeptNOFKHASH
FOREIGN KEY(DeptNo)
REFERENCES Dept(Deptno)
ON DELETE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT TotalSalaryCHK
CHECK(Sal + Comm <= 175000)
)
PARTITION BY HASH(DeptNO)
PARTITIONS 9
CREATE TABLE EmpSampleList1

(
EmpNo NUMBER(6)
CONSTRAINT EmpNOPK1 PRIMARY KEY,
EName VARCHAR2(20)
CONSTRAINT ENameNN1 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT ENameCHK1
CHECK(EName = UPPER(EName)),
Job VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT SampdateNN1 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT JobCHKUpper1
CHECK(Job = UPPER(Job))
CONSTRAINT JobCHKList1 CHECK
(
Job IN
(
'PRESIDENT',
'ANALYST',
'MANAGER',
'SALESMAN',
'CLERK'
)
),
DeptNo NUMBER(2)
CONSTRAINT DeptnoCHKRange1
CONSTRAINT DeptnoCHKList1
CHECK(DeptNo IN(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90)),
MGRID NUMBER(6)
Mobile : 9030750090
CONSTRAINT MGRIDFKSelf1
REFERENCES EmpSampleList(EmpNo)
ON DELETE SET NULL,
HireDate DATE
DEFAULT SYSDATE
CONSTRAINT HireDateNN1 NOT NULL,
Sal NUMBER(8,2)
DEFAULT 10000
CONSTRAINT SalNN1 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT SalChkRange1
CHECK(Sal BETWEEN 10000 AND 150000),
Comm NUMBER(7,2)
DEFAULT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommNN1 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommChkRange1
CHECK(Comm BETWEEN 0 AND 25000),
CONSTRAINT DeptNOFKHASH1
FOREIGN KEY(DeptNo)
ON DELETE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT TotalSalaryCHK1
)
PARTITION BY LIST(Job)
(
PARTITION JPresident
VALUES('PRESIDENT'),
PARTITION JAnalyst
VALUES('ANALYST'),
PARTITION JManager
VALUES('MANAGER'),
PARTITION JSalesman
VALUES('SALESMAN'),
PARTITION JClerk
VALUES('CLERK')
);
CREATE TABLE EmpSampleList

(
EmpNo NUMBER(6)
CONSTRAINT EmpNOPK PRIMARY KEY,
EName VARCHAR2(20)
CONSTRAINT ENameNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT ENameCHK
Job VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT SampdateNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT JobCHKUpper
Mobile : 9030750090

(
Job IN
(
'PRESIDENT',
'ANALYST',
'MANAGER',
'SALESMAN',
'CLERK'
)
),
DeptNo NUMBER(2)
CONSTRAINT DeptnoCHKRange
CONSTRAINT DeptnoCHKList
CHECK(DeptNo IN(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90)),
MGRID NUMBER(6)
CONSTRAINT MGRIDFKSelf
REFERENCES EmpSampleList(EmpNo)
ON DELETE SET NULL,
HireDate DATE
DEFAULT SYSDATE
CONSTRAINT HireDateNN NOT NULL,
Sal NUMBER(8, 2)
DEFAULT 10000
CONSTRAINT SalNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT SalChkRange
Comm NUMBER(7, 2)
DEFAULT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommNN NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommChkRange
CONSTRAINT DeptNOFKHASH
FOREIGN KEY(DeptNo)
ON DELETE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT TotalSalaryCHK
)
PARTITION BY LIST(Job)
(
PARTITION JPartList1
VALUES(
'PRESIDENT',
'ANALYST'
),
PARTITION JPartList2
VALUES(
'MANAGER',
'SALESMAN',
'CLERK'
Mobile : 9030750090
)
);
CREATE TABLE EmpSampleSubPart

(
EmpNo NUMBER(6)
CONSTRAINT EmpNOPK2 PRIMARY KEY,
EName VARCHAR2(20)
CONSTRAINT ENameNN2 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT ENameCHK2
Job VARCHAR2(30)
CONSTRAINT SampdateNN2 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT JobCHKUpper2
CONSTRAINT JobCHKList2
(
Job IN
(
'PRESIDENT',
'ANALYST',
'MANAGER',
'SALESMAN',
'CLERK'
)
),
DeptNo NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT
DeptnoCHKRange2 CHECK(DeptNo BETWEEN 10 AND 99)
CONSTRAINT DeptnoCHKList2
CHECK(DeptNo IN(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90)),
MGRID NUMBER(6)
CONSTRAINT MGRIDFKSelf2
REFERENCES EmpSampleSubPart(EmpNo)
ON DELETE SET NULL,
HireDate DATE
DEFAULT SYSDATE
CONSTRAINT HireDateNN2 NOT NULL,
Sal NUMBER(8, 2)
DEFAULT 10000
CONSTRAINT SalNN2 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT SalChkRange2
Comm NUMBER(7, 2)
DEFAULT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommNN2 NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT CommChkRange2
CONSTRAINT DeptNOFKSubPart2
FOREIGN KEY(DeptNo)
Mobile : 9030750090
ON DELETE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT TotalSalaryCHK2
)
PARTITION BY RANGE(Ename)
SUBPARTITION BY HASH(Job)
SUBPARTITIONS 5
(
PARTITION NameP1
VALUES LESS THAN('G'),
PARTITION NAMEP2
VALUES LESS THAN('N'),
PARTITION NAMEP3
VALUES LESS THAN('T'),
PARTITION NAMEP4
VALUES LESS THAN(MAXVALUE)
)
/
ALTER TABLE SampleTablePart

SPLIT PARTITION SampIDPart6
AT(5000)
INTO(
PARTITION SampIDPart6,
PARTITION SampIDPart7
)
/
ALTER TABLE EmpSampleList

SPLIT PARTITION JPartList2
VALUES(
'MANAGER',
'SALESMAN'
)
INTO(
PARTITION MANAGER,
PARTITION SALESMAN
)
/
ALTER TABLE EmpSampleList

MERGE
PARTITIONS
MANAGER,
SALESMAN
INTO
PARTITION
JPARTLIST2
/
ALTER TABLE SampleTablePart

Mobile : 9030750090
MERGE
PARTITIONS
SampIDPart6,
SampIDPart7
INTO
PARTITION
SampIDPart7
/

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE Student

2 AS
3 OBJECT
4 (
5 Studid NUMBER(6)
6 ,Sname VARCHAR2(20)
7 ,DOB DATE
8 ,DOA DATE
9 ,FEES NUMBER(7, 2)
10 );
11 /
Type created.
SQL> DESC USER_OBJECTS

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OBJECT_ID NUMBER
CREATED DATE
LAST_DDL_TIME DATE
STATUS VARCHAR2(7)
SQL> COLUMN OBJECT_NAME FORMAT A10

SQL> COLUMN OBJECT_TYPE FORMAT A10
SQL> COLUMN OBJECT_ID FORMAT 9999999999999999
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME, CREATED
2 FROM USER_OBJECTS;
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_TYP OBJECT_NAM CREATED

----------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
52594 TYPE STUDENT 29-JUL-10
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID, DATA_OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME, CREATED

2 FROM USER_OBJECTS
3
SQL> COLUMN OBJECT_ID FORMAT 999999
SQL> /
OBJECT_ID DATA_OBJECT_ID OBJECT_TYP OBJECT_NAM CREATED

--------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------
52594 TYPE STUDENT 29-JUL-10
SQL> DESC USER_TYPES

Mobile : 9030750090
Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
TYPE_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
TYPE_OID NOT NULL RAW(16)
TYPECODE VARCHAR2(30)
ATTRIBUTES NUMBER
METHODS NUMBER
PREDEFINED VARCHAR2(3)
INCOMPLETE VARCHAR2(3)
FINAL VARCHAR2(3)
INSTANTIABLE VARCHAR2(3)
SUPERTYPE_OWNER VARCHAR2(30)
SUPERTYPE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
LOCAL_ATTRIBUTES NUMBER
LOCAL_METHODS NUMBER
TYPEID RAW(16)
SQL> COLUMN TYPE_NAME FORMAT A10

SQL> COLUMN ATTRIBUTES FORMAT 999
SQL> COLUMN TYPE_OID FORMAT A15
SQL> COLUMN TYPE_CODE FORMAT A15
SQL> SELECT TYPE_NAME, ATTRIBUTES, TYPE_OID, TYPE_CODE
2 FROM USER_TYPES;
SELECT TYPE_NAME, ATTRIBUTES, TYPE_OID, TYPE_CODE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "TYPE_CODE": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT TYPE_NAME, ATTRIBUTES, TYPE_OID

2* FROM USER_TYPES
SQL> ED
1 SELECT TYPE_NAME, ATTRIBUTES, TYPE_OID

2* FROM USER_TYPES
SQL> /
TYPE_NAME ATTRIBUTES TYPE_OID

---------- ---------- ---------------
STUDENT 5 1E74881F216B4EF
E95ECA63DD27F72
E7
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC Student

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDID NUMBER(6)
SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
DOB DATE
Mobile : 9030750090
DOA DATE
FEES NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> INSERT INTO Student

2 VALUES(1, 'SAMPLE01', SYSDATE, SYSDATE, 25000);
INSERT INTO Student
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-04044: procedure, function, package, or type is not allowed here
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE TABLE McaStudent

2 OF Student;
Table created.
SQL> DESC Student

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDID NUMBER(6)
SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
DOB DATE
DOA DATE
FEES NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> DESC McaStudent

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDID NUMBER(6)
SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
DOB DATE
DOA DATE
FEES NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> INSERT INTO McaStudent

2 VALUES(1234, 'KUMAR', '07-OCT-98', SYSDATE, 15000);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO McaStudent(StudID, SName)

2 VALUES(1235, 'KRISHNA');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO McaStudent

2 VALUES(
3 Student(
4 1236,
5 'SATISH',
6 '05-SEP-99',
7 SYSDATE,
8 1300
9 )
10 );
Mobile : 9030750090
1 row created.
SQL> COLUMN SName FORMAT A12

SQL> COLUMN StudID FORMAT 9999
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROM MCAStudent;
STUDID SNAME DOB DOA FEES

------ ------------ --------- --------- ----------
1234 KUMAR 07-OCT-98 29-JUL-10 15000
1235 KRISHNA
1236 SATISH 05-SEP-99 29-JUL-10 1300
SQL> SELECT StudID, Sname

2 FROM McaStudent;
STUDID SNAME
------ ------------
1234 KUMAR
1235 KRISHNA
1236 SATISH

2 FROM McaStudent
3 WHERE StudID = 1234;
STUDID SNAME
------ ------------
1234 KUMAR
SQL> UPDATE McaStudent

2 SET Sname = 'SRI RAM'
1 row updated.

2 FROM McaStudent
STUDID SNAME
------ ------------
1234 SRI RAM
SQL> DELETE FROM McaStudent

1 row deleted.

2 FROM McaStudent
no rows selected
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> DELETE FROM McaStudent;
2 rows deleted.

2 FROM McaStudent;
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE Address

2 AS
3 OBJECT
4 (
5 HouseNum VARCHAR2(15)
6 ,Street VARCHAR2(20)
7 ,City VARCHAR2(20)
8 ,District VARCHAR2(20)
9 ,State VARCHAR2(20)
10 ,Country VARCHAR2(20)
11 ,Pin CHAR(6)
12 );
13 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE Name

2 AS
3 OBJECT
4 (
5 FirstName VARCHAR2(20)
6 ,MiddleName VARCHAR2(20)
7 ,LastName VARCHAR2(20)
8 );
9 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE Person

2 AS
3 OBJECT
4 (
5 Personid NUMBER(6)
6 ,PersonFullName NAME
7 ,PersonDOB DATE
8 ,PersonAddress ADDRESS
9 );
10 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE Fees

2 AS
3 OBJECT
Mobile : 9030750090
4 (
5 TutionFees NUMBER(8, 2)
6 ,LabFees NUMBER(6, 2)
7 ,SportsFees NUMBER(6, 2)
8 ,LibraryFees NUMBER(6, 2)
9 ,ExamFees NUMBER(6, 2)
10 ,TransportFees NUMBER(7, 2)
11 ,HostelFees NUMBER(8, 2)
12 ,MessFees NUMBER(8, 2)
13 );
14 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE StudentColl

2 AS
3 OBJECT
4 (
5 Student PERSON
6 ,StudentFees FEES
7 );
8 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE MCAStudent

2 OF
3 StudentColl;
CREATE TABLE MCAStudent
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00955: name is already used by an existing object
SQL> DROP TABLE MCAStudent;
Table dropped.
SQL> CREATE TABLE MCAStudent

2 OF
3 StudentColl;
Table created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DESC MCAStudent

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDENT PERSON
STUDENTFEES FEES
SQL> SET DESCRIBE DEPTH 1

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
Mobile : 9030750090
STUDENT PERSON
STUDENTFEES FEES

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDENT PERSON
PERSONID NUMBER(6)
PERSONFULLNAME NAME
PERSONDOB DATE
PERSONADDRESS ADDRESS
STUDENTFEES FEES
TUTIONFEES NUMBER(8,2)
LABFEES NUMBER(6,2)
SPORTSFEES NUMBER(6,2)
LIBRARYFEES NUMBER(6,2)
EXAMFEES NUMBER(6,2)
TRANSPORTFEES NUMBER(7,2)
HOSTELFEES NUMBER(8,2)
MESSFEES NUMBER(8,2)

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDENT PERSON
PERSONID NUMBER(6)
PERSONFULLNAME NAME
FIRSTNAME VARCHAR2(20)
MIDDLENAME VARCHAR2(20)
LASTNAME VARCHAR2(20)
PERSONDOB DATE
PERSONADDRESS ADDRESS
HOUSENUM VARCHAR2(15)
STREET VARCHAR2(20)
CITY VARCHAR2(20)
DISTRICT VARCHAR2(20)
STATE VARCHAR2(20)
COUNTRY VARCHAR2(20)
PIN CHAR(6)
STUDENTFEES FEES
TUTIONFEES NUMBER(8,2)
LABFEES NUMBER(6,2)
SPORTSFEES NUMBER(6,2)
LIBRARYFEES NUMBER(6,2)
EXAMFEES NUMBER(6,2)
TRANSPORTFEES NUMBER(7,2)
HOSTELFEES NUMBER(8,2)
MESSFEES NUMBER(8,2)
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 MCAStudent
3 (
4 Student
5 ,StudentFees
Mobile : 9030750090
6 )
7 VALUES
8 (
9 PERSON(1234, NAME
10 (
11 'SATISH', 'KUMAR', 'YELLANKI'
12 )
13 ,'02-OCT-86'
14 ,ADDRESS
15 (
16 '2-715/B/6'
17 ,'BALKAMPET ROAD'
18 ,'HYDERABAD'
19 ,'RANGA REDDY'
20 ,'ANDHRA PRADESH'
21 ,'INDIA'
22 ,'500016'
23 )
24 )
25 ,FEES
26 (
27 100000
28 ,6000
29 ,2000
30 ,1500
31 ,5000
32 ,20000
33 ,12000
34 ,27000
35 )
36 );
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 MCAStudent
3 (
4 Student
5 ,StudentFees
6 )
7 VALUES
8 (
9 PERSON(1235, NAME
10 (
11 'RAVI', 'KUMAR', 'SHARMA'
12 )
13 ,'03-JAN-86'
14 ,ADDRESS
15 (
16 '2-716/B/6'
17 ,'SHIVAM ROAD'
18 ,'HYDERABAD'
19 ,'RANGA REDDY'
21 ,'INDIA'
22 ,'500016'
Mobile : 9030750090
23 )
24 )
25 ,FEES
26 (
27 100000
28 ,6000
29 ,2000
30 ,1500
31 ,5000
32 ,20000
33 ,12000
34 ,27000
35 )
36 );
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO

2 MCAStudent
3 (
4 Student
5 ,StudentFees
6 )
7 VALUES
8 (
9 PERSON(1236, NAME
10 (
11 'RAMANA', 'KUMAR', 'RANJAN'
12 )
13 ,'23-JUN-86'
14 ,ADDRESS
15 (
16 '2-716/B/6'
17 ,'GANDHI ROAD'
18 ,'HYDERABAD'
19 ,'RANGA REDDY'
21 ,'INDIA'
22 ,'500016'
23 )
24 )
25 ,FEES
26 (
27 100000
28 ,6000
29 ,2000
30 ,1500
31 ,5000
32 ,20000
33 ,12000
34 ,27000
35 )
36 );
1 row created.

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
STUDENT(PERSONID, PERSONFULLNAME(FIRSTNAME, MIDDLENAME, LASTNAME), PERSONDOB, PE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENTFEES(TUTIONFEES, LABFEES, SPORTSFEES, LIBRARYFEES, EXAMFEES, TRANSPORTFEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERSON(1234, NAME('SATISH', 'KUMAR', 'YELLANKI'), '02-OCT-86', ADDRESS('2-715/B/
6', 'BALKAMPET ROAD', 'HYDERABAD', 'RANGA REDDY', 'ANDHRA PRADESH', 'INDIA', '50
0016'))
FEES(100000, 6000, 2000, 1500, 5000, 20000, 12000, 27000)
PERSON(1235, NAME('RAVI', 'KUMAR', 'SHARMA'), '03-JAN-86', ADDRESS('2-716/B/6',

'SHIVAM ROAD', 'HYDERABAD', 'RANGA REDDY', 'ANDHRA PRADESH', 'INDIA', '500016'))
FEES(100000, 6000, 2000, 1500, 5000, 20000, 12000, 27000)
STUDENT(PERSONID, PERSONFULLNAME(FIRSTNAME, MIDDLENAME, LASTNAME), PERSONDOB, PE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENTFEES(TUTIONFEES, LABFEES, SPORTSFEES, LIBRARYFEES, EXAMFEES, TRANSPORTFEE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERSON(1236, NAME('RAMANA', 'KUMAR', 'RANJAN'), '23-JUN-86', ADDRESS('2-716/B/6'
, 'GANDHI ROAD', 'HYDERABAD', 'RANGA REDDY', 'ANDHRA PRADESH', 'INDIA', '500016'
))
FEES(100000, 6000, 2000, 1500, 5000, 20000, 12000, 27000)
SQL> COLUMN FNAME FORMAT A10

SQL> COLUMN Mname FORMAT A10
SQL> COLUMN LName FORMAT A10
SQL> COLUMN FullName FORMAT A30
SQL> SELECT
2 E1.Student.PersonFullName.FirstName FName,
3 E1.Student.PersonFullName.MiddleName MName,
4 E1.Student.PersonFullName.LastName LName,
5 E1.Student.PersonFullName.FirstName||' '
6 ||E1.Student.PersonFullName.MiddleName||' '
7 ||E1.Student.PersonFullName.LastName FullName
8 FROM MCAStudent E1;
FNAME MNAME LNAME FULLNAME

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
SATISH KUMAR YELLANKI SATISH KUMAR YELLANKI
RAVI KUMAR SHARMA RAVI KUMAR SHARMA
RAMANA KUMAR RANJAN RAMANA KUMAR RANJAN
SQL> SELECT
8 FROM (
9 SELECT *
Mobile : 9030750090
10 FROM MCAStudent
11 ) E1;

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW StudentName

2 AS
3 SELECT
10 FROM MCAStudent E1;
View created.
SQL> DESC StudentName

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
FNAME VARCHAR2(20)
MNAME VARCHAR2(20)
LNAME VARCHAR2(20)
FULLNAME VARCHAR2(62)
SQL> SELECT * FROM StudentName;

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
SQL> UPDATE MCAStudent

2 SET
3 FirstName = 'RAGHAVA'
4 WHERE PersonID = 1236;
WHERE PersonID = 1236
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00904: "PERSONID": invalid identifier
SQL> UPDATE MCAStudent

2 SET
3 MCAStudent.Student.PersonFullName.FirstName = 'RAGHAVA'
4 WHERE MCAStudent.Student.PersonID = 1236;
WHERE MCAStudent.Student.PersonID = 1236
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00904: "MCASTUDENT"."STUDENT"."PERSONID": invalid identifier
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> ED
1 UPDATE MCAStudent MCA

2 SET
3 MCA.Student.PersonFullName.FirstName = 'RAGHAVA'
4* WHERE MCA.Student.PersonID = 1236
SQL> /
1 row updated.

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
RAGHAVA KUMAR RANJAN RAGHAVA KUMAR RANJAN
SQL>
SQL> UPDATE (
2 SELECT *
3 FROM MCAStudent
4 ) MCA
5 SET
6 MCA.Student.PersonFullName.FirstName = 'RAGHAVA'
7 WHERE MCA.Student.PersonID = 1236;
1 row updated.
SQL> DELETE MCAStudent MCA

1 row deleted.

---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------
SQL> DELETE (
2 SELECT *
3 FROM MCAStudent
4 ) MCA
0 rows deleted.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr
SQL> COLUMN InchargeName FORMAT A19

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> COLUMN StudentIncharge FORMAT A25

SQL> COLUMN OID FORMAT A25
SQL> SELECT * FROM StudentIncharges;
no rows selected
SQL> cl scr

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDID NUMBER(6)
SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
DOB DATE
DOA DATE
FEES NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> COLUMN STUDID FORMAT 9999

SQL> COLUMN SNAME FORMAT A10
SQL> COLUMN Fees FORMAT 99999

------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
1100 KUMAR 07-OCT-80 30-JUL-10 15000
1101 SESHU 07-OCT-81 30-JUL-10 15000
1102 RAMANA 07-OCT-80 30-JUL-10 15000
1103 RAMU 07-OCT-82 30-JUL-10 15000
1104 SRIPATH 07-OCT-83 30-JUL-10 15000
SQL> SELECT
2 'SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA' InchargeName,
3 REF(A) StudentIncharge
4 FROM McaStudent A
5 WHERE SName = 'SESHU';
INCHARGENAME STUDENTINCHARGE
------------------- -------------------------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 0000280209FA2A77B669F548C
8A36B581FF12354371C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B0
10000370004
SQL> CREATE TABLE MBAStudent

2 OF Student;
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE MAStudent

2 OF Student;
Table created.
SQL> CREATE TABLE MComStudent

2 OF Student;
Mobile : 9030750090
Table created.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROM Tab;

------------------------------ ------- ----------
MBASTUDENT TABLE
MASTUDENT TABLE
MCOMSTUDENT TABLE
MCASTUDENT TABLE
STUDENTINCHARGES TABLE
SQL> BEGIN
2 INSERT INTO McaStudent
3 VALUES(1100, 'KUMAR', '07-Oct-80', SYSDATE, 15000);
5 VALUES(1101, 'SESHU', '07-Oct-81', SYSDATE, 15000);
7 VALUES(1102, 'RAMANA', '07-Oct-80', SYSDATE, 15000);
9 VALUES(1103, 'RAMU', '07-Oct-82', SYSDATE, 15000);
11 VALUES(1104, 'SRIPATH', '07-Oct-83', SYSDATE, 15000);
12 INSERT INTO MBAStudent
13 VALUES(1200, 'SAMPATH', '10-DEC-85', SYSDATE, 25000);
15 VALUES(1201, 'SURESH', '10-DEC-80', SYSDATE, 25000);
17 VALUES(1202, 'RAJESH', '10-DEC-83', SYSDATE, 25000);
18 INSERT INTO MAStudent
19 VALUES(1300, 'BOBBY', '10-DEC-80', SYSDATE, 25000);
20 INSERT INTO MAStudent
21 VALUES(1301, 'SUNDER', '10-DEC-85', SYSDATE, 25000);
22 INSERT INTO MComStudent
23 VALUES(1400, 'RAMESH', '10-DEC-83', SYSDATE, 25000);
24 COMMIT;
25 END;
26 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> cl scr

------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
1101 SESHU 07-OCT-81 02-AUG-10 15000
1102 RAMANA 07-OCT-80 02-AUG-10 15000
1103 RAMU 07-OCT-82 02-AUG-10 15000
1100 KUMAR 07-OCT-80 30-JUL-10 15000
1101 SESHU 07-OCT-81 30-JUL-10 15000
1102 RAMANA 07-OCT-80 30-JUL-10 15000
Mobile : 9030750090
1103 RAMU 07-OCT-82 30-JUL-10 15000

1104 SRIPATH 07-OCT-83 30-JUL-10 15000
1100 KUMAR 07-OCT-80 02-AUG-10 15000
1104 SRIPATH 07-OCT-83 02-AUG-10 15000
10 rows selected.
SQL> DELETE FROM MCASTUDENT;
10 rows deleted.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ED
1 BEGIN
3 VALUES(1100, 'KUMAR', '07-Oct-80', SYSDATE, 15000);
5 VALUES(1101, 'SESHU', '07-Oct-81', SYSDATE, 15000);
7 VALUES(1102, 'RAMANA', '07-Oct-80', SYSDATE, 15000);
9 VALUES(1103, 'RAMU', '07-Oct-82', SYSDATE, 15000);
11 VALUES(1104, 'SRIPATH', '07-Oct-83', SYSDATE, 15000);
12 COMMIT;
13* END;
SQL> /
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROm MCAStudent;

------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
1100 KUMAR 07-OCT-80 02-AUG-10 15000
1101 SESHU 07-OCT-81 02-AUG-10 15000
1102 RAMANA 07-OCT-80 02-AUG-10 15000
1103 RAMU 07-OCT-82 02-AUG-10 15000
1104 SRIPATH 07-OCT-83 02-AUG-10 15000
SQL> SELECT * FROM MBAStudent;

------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
1200 SAMPATH 10-DEC-85 02-AUG-10 25000
1201 SURESH 10-DEC-80 02-AUG-10 25000
1202 RAJESH 10-DEC-83 02-AUG-10 25000
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT * FROM MAStudent;

------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
1300 BOBBY 10-DEC-80 02-AUG-10 25000
1301 SUNDER 10-DEC-85 02-AUG-10 25000
SQL> SELECT * FROM MComStudent;

------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
1400 RAMESH 10-DEC-83 02-AUG-10 25000
SQL> cl scr
SQL> BEGIN
2 INSERT INTO
3 StudentIncharges
4 SELECT
5 'SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA',
6 REF(A)
7 FROM McaStudent A
9 INSERT INTO StudentIncharges
10 SELECT
12 REF(A)
13 FROM McaStudent A
14 WHERE SName = 'RAMANA';
16 SELECT
18 REF(A)
20 WHERE SName = 'SRIPATH';
22 SELECT
23 'NIRANJAN RAMORI',
24 REF(A)
26 WHERE SName = 'KUMAR';
28 SELECT
30 REF(A)
32 WHERE SName = 'RAMU';
33 END;
34 /
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM StudentIncharges
3 WHERE InchargeName = 'SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA';
------------------- -------------------------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 0000220208ED66DAEA0E954BD
4929E25DCCA43FAEE1C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 0000220208F1A6DA06BC66440

49FC333A08475B9E81C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 0000220208F410869986DA415

DB48FED91BF3C92EF1C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
------------------- -------------------------
SQL> ED
1 SELECT *
3* WHERE InchargeName = 'NIRANJAN RAMORI'
SQL> /
------------------- -------------------------
NIRANJAN RAMORI 0000220208B5154F3D38B1444
F811E7EDDA5C0D3D51C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
NIRANJAN RAMORI 000022020858AE1BD83198452

C897A9119162C452A1C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
SQL> SELECT
2 DEREF(X.StudentIncharge)
3 FROM StudentIncharges X
DEREF(X.STUDENTINCHARGE)(STUDID, SNAME, DOB, DOA, FEES)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENT(1101, 'SESHU', '07-OCT-81', '02-AUG-10', 15000)
STUDENT(1102, 'RAMANA', '07-OCT-80', '02-AUG-10', 15000)
STUDENT(1104, 'SRIPATH', '07-OCT-83', '02-AUG-10', 15000)
SQL> SELECT
Mobile : 9030750090
4 WHERE InchargeName = 'NIRANJAN RAMORI';

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENT(1100, 'KUMAR', '07-OCT-80', '02-AUG-10', 15000)
STUDENT(1103, 'RAMU', '07-OCT-82', '02-AUG-10', 15000)
SQL> BEGIN
3 SELECT
5 REF(A)
6 FROM MBAStudent A
7 WHERE SName = 'SAMPATH';
9 SELECT
11 REF(A)
12 FROM MBAStudent A
13 WHERE SName = 'RAJESH';
15 SELECT
17 REF(A)
18 FROM MBAStudent A
19 WHERE SName = 'SURESH';
20 END;
21 /
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> SELECT *
------------------- -------------------------
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B

49FC333A08475B9E81C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B

1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
Mobile : 9030750090
------------------- -------------------------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 000022020836EC82D132E24E2

AAF045D0CCEB8EC71DC81AA66
119E46B6BC9B12173D9331B6
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 0000220208E8080A7CA76845A

38F8A5DF113D34A6FDC81AA66
119E46B6BC9B12173D9331B6
SQL> SELECT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENT(1200, 'SAMPATH', '10-DEC-85', '02-AUG-10', 25000)
STUDENT(1202, 'RAJESH', '10-DEC-83', '02-AUG-10', 25000)
SQL> SELECT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENT(1201, 'SURESH', '10-DEC-80', '02-AUG-10', 25000)
SQL> BEGIN
3 SELECT
5 REF(A)
6 FROM MAStudent A
7 WHERE SName = 'BOBBY';
9 SELECT
11 REF(A)
12 FROM MAStudent A
13 WHERE SName = 'SUNDER';
14 END;
15 /
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> SELECT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> SELECT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENT(1300, 'BOBBY', '10-DEC-80', '02-AUG-10', 25000)
STUDENT(1301, 'SUNDER', '10-DEC-85', '02-AUG-10', 25000)
SQL> BEGIN
3 SELECT
5 REF(A)
6 FROM MComStudent A
7 WHERE SName = 'RAMESH';
8 END;
9 /
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> SELECT

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENT(1400, 'RAMESH', '10-DEC-83', '02-AUG-10', 25000)
Mobile : 9030750090
6 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 InchargeName, DEREF(X.StudentIncharge)
3 FROM StudentIncharges X;
INCHARGENAME
-------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA
INCHARGENAME
-------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NIRANJAN RAMORI
NIRANJAN RAMORI
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA
INCHARGENAME
-------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA
NIRANJAN RAMORI
NIRANJAN RAMORI
INCHARGENAME
-------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NIRANJAN RAMORI
Mobile : 9030750090
NIRANJAN RAMORI
STUDENT(1400, 'RAMESH', '10-DEC-83', '02-AUG-10', 25000)
11 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 InchargeName Incharge,
3 E1.Stu.StudId StudID,
4 E1.Stu.SName Sname,
5 E1.Stu.DOB DOB,
6 E1.Stu.DOA DOA,
7 E1.Stu.Fees Fees
8 FROM (SELECT
9 InchargeName, DEREF(X.StudentIncharge) Stu
11 ) E1;
INCHARGE STUDID SNAME DOB DOA FEES

------------------------------ ------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 1101 SESHU 07-OCT-81 02-AUG-10 15000
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 1102 RAMANA 07-OCT-80 02-AUG-10 15000
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 1104 SRIPATH 07-OCT-83 02-AUG-10 15000
NIRANJAN RAMORI 1100 KUMAR 07-OCT-80 02-AUG-10 15000
NIRANJAN RAMORI 1103 RAMU 07-OCT-82 02-AUG-10 15000
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 1200 SAMPATH 10-DEC-85 02-AUG-10 25000
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 1202 RAJESH 10-DEC-83 02-AUG-10 25000
NIRANJAN RAMORI 1201 SURESH 10-DEC-80 02-AUG-10 25000
NIRANJAN RAMORI 1300 BOBBY 10-DEC-80 02-AUG-10 25000
NIRANJAN RAMORI 1301 SUNDER 10-DEC-85 02-AUG-10 25000
NIRANJAN RAMORI 1400 RAMESH 10-DEC-83 02-AUG-10 25000
11 rows selected.
SQL> ED
1 CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW StudentINCHData

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 InchargeName Incharge,
5 E1.Stu.StudId StudID,
6 E1.Stu.SName Sname,
7 E1.Stu.DOB DOB,
8 E1.Stu.DOA DOA,
9 E1.Stu.Fees Fees
10 FROM (SELECT
11 InchargeName, DEREF(X.StudentIncharge) Stu
13* ) E1
SQL> /

Mobile : 9030750090
View created.
SQL> DESC StudentINCHData

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
INCHARGE VARCHAR2(30)
STUDID NUMBER(6)
SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
DOB DATE
DOA DATE
FEES NUMBER(7,2)
SQL> SELECT * FROM StudentINCHData;

------------------------------ ------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 1101 SESHU 07-OCT-81 02-AUG-10 15000
11 rows selected.
SQL> DELETE
2 FROM MCAStudent
1 row deleted.
SQL> SELECT * FROM StudentIncharges;
------------------- -------------------------
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B

49FC333A08475B9E81C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B

1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
------------------- -------------------------
NIRANJAN RAMORI 0000220208B5154F3D38B1444

Mobile : 9030750090
F811E7EDDA5C0D3D51C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
NIRANJAN RAMORI 000022020858AE1BD83198452

C897A9119162C452A1C2C7E2A
1E654C848A33AA9EBB45597B
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 000022020836EC82D132E24E2

AAF045D0CCEB8EC71DC81AA66
------------------- -------------------------
119E46B6BC9B12173D9331B6
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA 0000220208E8080A7CA76845A

38F8A5DF113D34A6FDC81AA66
119E46B6BC9B12173D9331B6
NIRANJAN RAMORI 000022020860E1ACFB0B734AA

19995A4480B4873A0DC81AA66
119E46B6BC9B12173D9331B6
NIRANJAN RAMORI 0000220208F8348FCEE75A421
------------------- -------------------------
FB19191E90630BD8BF6131B14
BE6941D4886AF9685E255BC7
NIRANJAN RAMORI 000022020866E8E45C571A431

0A57D80114C8509E5F6131B14
BE6941D4886AF9685E255BC7
NIRANJAN RAMORI 00002202089904F2627FB64B0

781029CB8EE47DC3655A6BBB2
D4A3443ABC20A3BCDA8E5B39
11 rows selected.

------------------------------ ------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA

Mobile : 9030750090
11 rows selected.
SQL> DELETE FROM StudentINCHData

2 WHERE Stuid IS NULL AND INCHARGE = 'SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA';
WHERE Stuid IS NULL AND INCHARGE = 'SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA'
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00904: "STUID": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 DELETE FROM (
2 SELECT
3 InchargeName,
4 DEREF(X.StudentIncharge) Stu
6 ) E1
7 WHERE
8 E1.Stu.StudId StudID IS NULL AND
9* InchargeName = 'SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA'
SQL> /
E1.Stu.StudId StudID IS NULL AND
*
ERROR at line 8:
SQL> ED
1 DELETE FROM (
2 SELECT
3 InchargeName,
4 DEREF(X.StudentIncharge) Stu
6 ) E1
7 WHERE
8 E1.Stu.StudId IS NULL AND
9* InchargeName = 'SUBRAMANYAM SHARMA'
SQL> /
1 row deleted.

------------------------------ ------ ---------- --------- --------- ------
Mobile : 9030750090

10 rows selected.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> Create Table Students

2 (
3 Studid NUMBER(6)
4 CONSTRAINT StudIDPK PRIMARY KEY,
5 SName VARCHAR2(30),
6 Street VARCHAR2(40),
7 CityName VARCHAR2(25),
8 StateName VARCHAR2(40),
9 Pincode Number(6)
10 );
Table created.
SQL> BEGIN
3 VALUES(1200, 'SAMPATH', 'SHIV BAGH', 'HYDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH',
506001);
5 VALUES(1201, 'SRINIVAS', 'SHYAM NAGAR', 'SECUNDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH',
506002);
7 VALUES(1202, 'SHIVAJI', 'ANDAL NAGAR', 'CHENNAI', 'TAMIL NADU', 606060);
8 COMMIT;
9 END;
10 /

SQL> COLUMN SNAME FORMAT A9
SQL> COLUMN STREET FORMAT A12
SQL> COLUMN CITYNAME FORMAT A13
SQL> COLUMN STATENAME FORMAT A15
SQL> COLUMN PINCODE FORMAT 999999
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Students;
STUDID SNAME STREET CITYNAME STATENAME PINCODE

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
1200 SAMPATH SHIV BAGH HYDERABAD ANDHRA PRADESH 506001
1201 SRINIVAS SHYAM NAGAR SECUNDERABAD ANDHRA PRADESH 506002
1202 SHIVAJI ANDAL NAGAR CHENNAI TAMIL NADU 606060
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE MyAddress

2 AS OBJECT
3 (
4 Street VARCHAR2(40),
5 CityName VARCHAR2(25),
Mobile : 9030750090
6 StateName VARCHAR2(40),
7 Pincode NUMBER(6)
8 );
9 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE MyStudent

2 AS OBJECT
3 (
4 SName VARCHAR2(30),
5 Saddress Myaddress
6 );
7 /
Type created.
SQL> SELECT
2 StudID,
3 SName,
4 Street, CityName , StateName, Pincode
5 FROM Students;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> SELECT
2 StudID,
3 MyStudent(SName,
4 Myaddress(Street, CityName , StateName, Pincode))
5 FROM Students;
STUDID
------
MYSTUDENT(SNAME,MYADDRESS(STREET,CITYNAME,STATENAME,PINCODE))(SNAME, SADDRESS(ST
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1200
MYSTUDENT('SAMPATH', MYADDRESS('SHIV BAGH', 'HYDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH', 50600
1))
1201
MYSTUDENT('SRINIVAS', MYADDRESS('SHYAM NAGAR', 'SECUNDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH',
506002))
1202
STUDID
------
MYSTUDENT(SNAME,MYADDRESS(STREET,CITYNAME,STATENAME,PINCODE))(SNAME, SADDRESS(ST
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYSTUDENT('SHIVAJI', MYADDRESS('ANDAL NAGAR', 'CHENNAI', 'TAMIL NADU', 606060))

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW

2 StudentOV(StudID, StudDEF)
3 AS
4 SELECT
5 StudID,
6 MyStudent(SName,
7 Myaddress(Street, CityName , StateName, Pincode))
8 FROM Students;
View created.
SQL> DESC StudentOV

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDID NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
STUDDEF MYSTUDENT

SQL> DESC StudentOV
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDDEF MYSTUDENT
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
SADDRESS MYADDRESS

SQL> DESC StudentOV
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDDEF MYSTUDENT
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
SADDRESS MYADDRESS
STREET VARCHAR2(40)
CITYNAME VARCHAR2(25)
STATENAME VARCHAR2(40)
PINCODE NUMBER(6)
SQL> SELECT * FROM StudentOV;
STUDID
------
STUDDEF(SNAME, SADDRESS(STREET, CITYNAME, STATENAME, PINCODE))
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1200
1))
1201
506002))
1202
STUDID
Mobile : 9030750090
------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> SELECT
2 StudID,
3 E1.StudDEF.Sname Sname,
4 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.Street Street,
5 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.CityName CityName,
6 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.StateName StateName,
7 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.PinCode PinCode
8 FROM (SELECT *
9 FROM StudentOV) E1;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> cl scr

------------------------------ ------- ----------
STUDENTS TABLE
STUDENTOV VIEW
SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> DESC STUDENTOV

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDDEF MYSTUDENT

SQL> DESC STUDENTOV
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDDEF MYSTUDENT
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
SADDRESS MYADDRESS

Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> DESC STUDENTOV

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDDEF MYSTUDENT
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
SADDRESS MYADDRESS
STREET VARCHAR2(40)
PINCODE NUMBER(6)
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM StudentOV;
STUDID
------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1200
1))
1201
506002))
1202
STUDID
------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> SELECT
2 StudID,
3 E1.StudDEF.Sname Sname,
4 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.Street Street,
5 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.CityName CityName,
6 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.StateName StateName,
7 E1.StudDEF.SAddress.PinCode PinCode
8 FROM (SELECT *
9 FROM StudentOV) E1;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> INSERT INTO StudentOV

2 VALUES(1203,
3 MYStudent('RAMESH',
4 MyAddress(
Mobile : 9030750090
5 'SHYAMA NAGAR',
6 'SECUNDERABAD',
7 'ANDHRA PRADESH',
8 506001
9 )
10 )
11 );
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Students;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
1203 RAMESH SHYAMA NAGAR SECUNDERABAD ANDHRA PRADESH 506001
SQL> INSERT INTO StudentOV

2 VALUES(1203,
3 MYStudent('RAMESH',
4 MyAddress(
5 'SH
6 'SE
7 'AN
8 506
9 )
10 )
11 )
12
SQL> cl scr
SQL> DELETE StudentOV

2 WHERE StudId = 1200;
1 row deleted.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Students;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> DELETE (SELECT *

2 FROM StudentOV) E1
3 WHERE E1.StudDef.Sname = 'SHIVAJI';
1 row deleted.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Students;
Mobile : 9030750090

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> UPDATE (SELECT *

2 FROM StudentOV) E1
3 SET E1.StudDef.Sname = 'SRINIVAS RAJU'
4 WHERE E1.StudID = 1201;
1 row updated.
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM Students;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
RAJU
SQL> cl scr
SQL> ROLLBACK;
Rollback complete.
SQL> cl scr
SQL> BEGIN
2 DELETE FROM STUDENTS;
4 VALUES(1200, 'SAMPATH', 'SHIV BAGH', 'HYDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH',
506001);
6 VALUES(1201, 'SRINIVAS', 'SHYAM NAGAR', 'SECUNDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH',
506002);
8 VALUES(1202, 'SHIVAJI', 'ANDAL NAGAR', 'CHENNAI', 'TAMIL NADU', 606060);
9 COMMIT;
10 END;
11 /
SQL> cl scr

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> CREATE TABLE StudentBooks

2 (
3 LibTranNO NUMBER(6),
4 StudID NUMBER(6),
5 BookTitle VARCHAR2(50),
6 LendingDate DATE,
7 CONSTRAINT LibtreamNoPK
8 PRIMARY KEY(LibTranNO, Studid),
9 CONSTRAINT StudentBooksFK
10 FOREIGN KEY(Studid)
11 REFERENCES Students(StudID)
12 );
Table created.
SQL> BEGIN
2 INSERT INTO StudentBooks
3 VALUES(2000, 1200, 'THERMO DYNAMICS', SYSDATE);
5 VALUES(2001, 1200, 'FLUID MECHANICS', SYSDATE);
7 VALUES(2002, 1200, 'ATOMIC PHYSICS', SYSDATE);
9 VALUES(2003, 1201, 'STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS', SYSDATE);
11 VALUES(2004, 1201, 'AVIATION THEORY', SYSDATE);
13 VALUES(2005, 1202, 'PROPULSION THEORY', SYSDATE);
14 COMMIT;
15 END;
16 /
SQL> cl scr

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> BEGIN
3 VALUES(2000, 1200, 'THERMO DYNAMICS', SYSDATE);
5 VALUES(2001, 1200, 'FLUID MECHANICS', SYSDATE);
7 VALUES(2002, 1200, 'ATOMIC PHYSICS', SYSDATE);
9 VALUES(2003, 1201, 'STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS', SYSDATE);
11 VALUES(2004, 1201, 'AVIATION THEORY', SYSDATE);
Mobile : 9030750090

13 VALUES(2005, 1202, 'PROPULSION THEORY', SYSDATE);
14 COMMIT;
15 END
16
17 .
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT * FROM Students;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> COLUMN LIBTRANNO FORMAT 9999

SQL> COLUMN BOOKTITLE FORMAT A20
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM StudentBooks;
LIBTRANNO STUDID BOOKTITLE LENDINGDA

--------- ------ -------------------- ---------
2000 1200 THERMO DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
2001 1200 FLUID MECHANICS 03-AUG-10
2002 1200 ATOMIC PHYSICS 03-AUG-10
2003 1201 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
2004 1201 AVIATION THEORY 03-AUG-10
2005 1202 PROPULSION THEORY 03-AUG-10
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT Sname, BookTitle, LendingDate

2 FROM Students S, StudentBooks SB
3 WHERE S.StudID = SB.StudID;
SNAME BOOKTITLE LENDINGDA

--------- -------------------- ---------
SAMPATH THERMO DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
SAMPATH FLUID MECHANICS 03-AUG-10
SAMPATH ATOMIC PHYSICS 03-AUG-10
SRINIVAS STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
SRINIVAS AVIATION THEORY 03-AUG-10
SHIVAJI PROPULSION THEORY 03-AUG-10
6 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE StudentType

2 AS OBJECT
3 (
4 Studid NUMBER(6),
5 Sname VARCHAR2(30),
6 Street Varchar2(40),
7 Cityname VARCHAR2(25),
8 Statename VARCHAR2(40),
Mobile : 9030750090
9 Pincode NUMBER(6)
10 );
11 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW STUDENTOV

2 OF StudentType
3 WITH OBJECT IDENTIFIER(StudID)
4 AS
5 SELECT StudID, Sname,
6 Street, CityName,
7 StateName, Pincode
8 FROM Students;
View created.
SQL> DESC STUDENTOV

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDID NUMBER(6)
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
STREET VARCHAR2(40)
PINCODE NUMBER(6)
SQL> SELECT * FROM STUDENTOV;

------ --------- ------------ ------------- --------------- -------
SQL> COLUMN OID FORMAT A25

SQL> SELECT SNAME, REF(A) OID
2 FROM STUDENTOV;
SELECT SNAME, REF(A) OID
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "A": invalid identifier
SQL> ED
1 SELECT SNAME, REF(A) OID

2* FROM STUDENTOV A
SQL> /
SNAME OID
--------- -------------------------
SAMPATH 00004A038A0046A4805E25E10
5476690852B320CDCBAE00000
0014260100010001002900000
Mobile : 9030750090
00000090606002A00078401FE
0000000A02C20D00000000000
0000000000000000000000000
0000
SRINIVAS 00004A038A0046A4805E25E10
5476690852B320CDCBAE00000
0014260100010001002900000
SNAME OID
--------- -------------------------
00000090606002A00078401FE
0000000B03C20D02000000000
0000000000000000000000000
0000
SHIVAJI 00004A038A0046A4805E25E10
5476690852B320CDCBAE00000
0014260100010001002900000
00000090606002A00078401FE
0000000B03C20D03000000000
0000000000000000000000000
SNAME OID
--------- -------------------------
0000
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 StudID,
3 LibTranNo, BookTitle, LendingDate
STUDID LIBTRANNO BOOKTITLE LENDINGDA

------ --------- -------------------- ---------
1200 2000 THERMO DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
1200 2001 FLUID MECHANICS 03-AUG-10
1200 2002 ATOMIC PHYSICS 03-AUG-10
1201 2003 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
1201 2004 AVIATION THEORY 03-AUG-10
1202 2005 PROPULSION THEORY 03-AUG-10
6 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE VIEW StudentBooksOV

2 AS
3 SELECT
4 MAKE_REF(StudentOV, StudID) StudID,
5 LibTranNo, BookTitle, LendingDate
View created.
SQL> DESC StudentBooksOV

Mobile : 9030750090
Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUDID REF OF STUDENTTYPE
STUDID NUMBER(6)
SNAME VARCHAR2(30)
STREET VARCHAR2(40)
PINCODE NUMBER(6)
LIBTRANNO NOT NULL NUMBER(6)
BOOKTITLE VARCHAR2(50)
LENDINGDATE DATE
SQL> COLUMN LibTranNo FORMAT 9999

SQL> COLUMN StudID FORMAT A20
SQL> COLUMN BookTitle FORMAT A20
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM StudentBooksOV;

-------------------- --------- -------------------- ---------
00004A038A0046A4805E 2000 THERMO DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
25E105476690852B320C
DCBAE000000014260100
01000100290000000000
090606002A00078401FE
0000000A02C20D000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000
00004A038A0046A4805E 2001 FLUID MECHANICS 03-AUG-10

25E105476690852B320C

-------------------- --------- -------------------- ---------
DCBAE000000014260100
01000100290000000000
090606002A00078401FE
0000000A02C20D000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000
00004A038A0046A4805E 2002 ATOMIC PHYSICS 03-AUG-10

25E105476690852B320C
DCBAE000000014260100
01000100290000000000

-------------------- --------- -------------------- ---------
090606002A00078401FE
0000000A02C20D000000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000
00004A038A0046A4805E 2003 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10

25E105476690852B320C
Mobile : 9030750090
DCBAE000000014260100
01000100290000000000
090606002A00078401FE
0000000B03C20D020000

-------------------- --------- -------------------- ---------
00000000000000000000
00000000000000
00004A038A0046A4805E 2004 AVIATION THEORY 03-AUG-10

25E105476690852B320C
DCBAE000000014260100
01000100290000000000
090606002A00078401FE
0000000B03C20D020000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000

-------------------- --------- -------------------- ---------
00004A038A0046A4805E 2005 PROPULSION THEORY 03-AUG-10

25E105476690852B320C
DCBAE000000014260100
01000100290000000000
090606002A00078401FE
0000000B03C20D030000
00000000000000000000
00000000000000
6 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT DEREF(SB.StudID)

2 FROM StudentBooksOV SB
3 WHERE BookTitle = 'THERMO DYNAMICS';
DEREF(SB.STUDID)(STUDID, SNAME, STREET, CITYNAME, STATENAME, PINCODE)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STUDENTTYPE(1200, 'SAMPATH', 'SHIV BAGH', 'HYDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH', 506001)
SQL> SELECT
2 LibTranNO,
3 BookTitle,
4 LendingDate,
5 DEREF(SB.StudID) StudentData
7 WHERE BookTitle = 'THERMO DYNAMICS';
LIBTRANNO BOOKTITLE LENDINGDA

--------- -------------------- ---------
STUDENTDATA(STUDID, SNAME, STREET, CITYNAME, STATENAME, PINCODE)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 THERMO DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
STUDENTTYPE(1200, 'SAMPATH', 'SHIV BAGH', 'HYDERABAD', 'ANDHRA PRADESH', 506001)
Mobile : 9030750090
SQL> cl scr
SQL> SELECT
2 StudentBooksData.StudentData.StudID StudID,
3 StudentBooksData.StudentData.Sname Sname,
4 LibTranNO,
5 BookTitle,
6 LendingDate
7 FROM (SELECT
8 LibTranNO,
9 BookTitle,
10 LendingDate,
11 DEREF(SB.StudID) StudentData
13 ) StudentBooksData;
STUDID SNAME LIBTRANNO BOOKTITLE LENDINGDA

---------- --------- --------- -------------------- ---------
########## SAMPATH 2002 ATOMIC PHYSICS 03-AUG-10
########## SAMPATH 2001 FLUID MECHANICS 03-AUG-10
########## SAMPATH 2000 THERMO DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
########## SRINIVAS 2004 AVIATION THEORY 03-AUG-10
########## SRINIVAS 2003 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
########## SHIVAJI 2005 PROPULSION THEORY 03-AUG-10
6 rows selected.

SQL> /
STUDID SNAME LIBTRANNO BOOKTITLE LENDINGDA

------ --------- --------- -------------------- ---------
1200 SAMPATH 2002 ATOMIC PHYSICS 03-AUG-10
1200 SAMPATH 2001 FLUID MECHANICS 03-AUG-10
1200 SAMPATH 2000 THERMO DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
1201 SRINIVAS 2004 AVIATION THEORY 03-AUG-10
1201 SRINIVAS 2003 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 03-AUG-10
1202 SHIVAJI 2005 PROPULSION THEORY 03-AUG-10
6 rows selected.
SQL> SPOOL OFF

Mobile : 9030750090

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Spool Generated For Class of Oracle By Satish K Yellanki

SQL> DESC Students

SQL> INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

Document Generated By SkyEss Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

1 INSERT INTO Students

SQL> INSERT INTO

SQL> SELECT * FROM Students;

Document Generated By SkyEss Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

STUDNO FNAME LNAME

1235 SRINIVAS SHARMA

1236 RAMANA KUMAR

STUDNO FNAME LNAME

1238 RAJA KUMAR

1239 RAMA KUMAR

STUDNO FNAME LNAME

1240 RAVI KUMAR

1235 Raj Kumar

STUDNO FNAME LNAME

SQL> SPOOL OFF

SQL> DESC Students

Name Null? Type

SQL> SELECT * FROm Students;

STUDNO FNAME LNAME DOB DOJ FEES G INSERTBY

SQL> INSERT INTO

SQL> SELECT * FROm Students;

STUDNO FNAME LNAME DOB DOJ FEES G INSERTBY

SQL> INSERT INTO

SQL> INSERT INTO Students

Enter value for name: RAVI

SQL> SELECT * FROm Students;

STUDNO FNAME LNAME DOB DOJ FEES G INSERTBY

SQL> SET VERIFY OFF

Enter value for dob: 12-MAY-88

SQL> INSERT INTO

SQL> UNDEFINE Fees

Enter value for studno: 1244

SQL> DEFINE Fees = 10000

Document Generated By SkyEss Techno Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

SQL> DESC Dept

SQL> SELECT * FROM Dept;

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

SQL> DESC SalGrade

SQL> SELECT * FROM SalGrade;

GRADE LOSAL HISAL

SQL> DESC Emp

ENAME SAL SAL12 (SAL+1000)12 ((SAL+1000)12)-(SAL12)

ENAME SAL SAL12 (SAL+1000)12 ((SAL+1000)12)-(SAL12)

ENAME SAL SAL+1000 SAL-1000 SAL12 SAL6 SAL*12+1000

ENAME SAL SAL+1000 SAL-1000 SAL12 SAL6 SAL*12+1000