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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DESIGN OF WATER TANK WITH REFERENCE TO IS

: 3370

Conference Paper · March 2012

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 Proceedings of Innovative Challenges in Civil Engineering, GZSCET, Bathinda, 15-16 March 2012

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DESIGN OF WATER TANK WITH REFERENCE

TO IS : 3370

Jindal Bharat Bhushan

Department of Civil Engg., Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technology,
Makhnumajra, Baddi, District Solan, H.P.-173205, India
E-mail: bbjal1972@hotmail.com,

Singhal Dhirendra
Department of Civil Engg, Punjab Technical University, Giani Zail Singh campus
Dabwali Road, District Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
E-mail: singhald62@netscape.net

ABSTRACT

Indian Standards for the design of liquid retaining structures have been recently revised. This recently revised edition
incorporated limit state design method. Limit state design method for water retaining structures was not adopted so far
as liquid retaining structures should be crack free. However, this edition of Indian Standards adopts limit state method
mainly considering two aspects.
Firstly, it limits the stresses in steel so that concrete is not over stressed and in the second aspect it limits the cracking
width. In this study an Intz type of tank was designed as per IS: 3370 (2009) which included these aspects as well as
working stress method. The tank was chosen as per the guidelines of this new edition. The tank was also designed
considering working stress method. The results were then compared. It was found that the area of steel required
approximately same when the stresses in steel were kept less than 130 MPa.
However, under limit state of collapse there was considerable decrease in the required steel.

Key words – hoop tension, water pressure, cylindrical wall, conical dome, bending stress .

1. INTRODUCTION
Storage reservoirs and overhead tanks are used to store
water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and similar
liquids. In general there are three kinds of water tanks-
tanks resting on ground, underground tanks and elevated
tanks. The tanks resting on ground like clear water
reservoirs, settling tanks, aeration tanks etc. are supported
on the ground directly. The walls of these tanks are
subjected to pressure and the base is subjected to weight
of liquid and upward soil pressure.
From design point of view, the tanks may be classified as
per their shape as rectangular tanks, circular tanks, over-
head service reservoir (OHSR), and Intz type tank i.e.
OHSR for large capacity. Rectangular tanks are provided
for smaller to moderate capacity. For small capacities,
circular tanks prove uneconomical as the formwork for
circular tanks is very costly. The rectangular tanks should
be preferably square in plan from point of view of
economy. It is desirable that longer side should not be
greater than twice the smaller side.
Three methods of design have been adopted so far i.e.
working stress method, ultimate load method and limit
state method. However, ultimate load method has become
obsolete these days. Other two methods generally used
have been discussed here.
Limit state design method, though semi-empirical
approach, has been found to be the best for the design of
reinforced concrete structures over the elastic theory of
design where the level of stresses in concrete and steel are
limited so that stress-deformations are taken to be linear.
There are two limit states- limit state of collapse and limit
state of serviceability which includes deflection and
cracking. The structure is first designed under limit state
of collapse and then checked under serviceability.
Because of its superiority over other two methods, IS
456:2000 has been thoroughly updated in its fourth
revision in 2000 taking into consideration the rapid
development in the field of concrete technology and
incorporating important aspects like durability etc.
This standard has put greater emphasis to limit state
method of design by presenting it in a full section
(section 5), while the working stress method has been
given in Annex B of the same standard.
Accordingly, structures or structural elements shall comparison of provisions can thus be better highlighted
normally be designed by limit state method. through Intz type of water tank.

It is important to point out here that a structure designed An Intz type water tank of 1 million litres capacity,
through limit state method when fails, the failure will be supported on an elevated lower comprising of 8 columns.
in plastic stage and not in elastic stage. Therefore, the The base of the tank is 16 m above ground level. Depth of
cracking and cracking width can be significant at the foundation 1 m below ground level was chosen in this
failure stage. study. M30 grade of concrete and Fe-415 grade of tor
steel was used conforming to the stresses specified in IS
Design Methods 3370 and IS 456.
Working stress method of design, considered as the
Fe-500 grade of steel may be taken, but it may not be
method of earlier times, has several limitations. However,
more useful in liquid retaining structures since the
in situations where limit state method cannot be permissible stresses in steel is independent of grade of
conveniently applied, working stress method can be steel as per clause 4.5.3.2 of IS :3370 (Part 2 ) 2009.
employed as an alternative. It is expected that in the near Grade of concrete is taken as M30, as minimum grade of
future the working stress method will be completely concrete for RCC structures is M30 as per IS : 3370
replaced by the limit state method. Though the choice of (Part1 ) 2009.
the method of design is still left to the designer as per cl. As per discussion above, the water tank was designed by
18.2 of IS 456:2000. the following four design methods.
1. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (1965).
Limited cracking width in the liquid retaining structure 2. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (2009).
designed by working stress method was the main reason 3. Limit state design method with crack width
why the Indian Standard IS: 3370 (1965) did not adopt calculations and check in accordance IS 3370 (2009).
the limit state design method even after adoption by IS; 4. Limit state design method deemed to satisfy (limiting
456 – 1978. However, IS:3370 adopted limit state design steel stresses) in accordance IS 3370 (2009).
method in 2009 with the following advantages - limit
state design method considers the materials according to RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS:
their properties , treats load according to their nature , the The design parameters and the section designed
structures also fails mostly under limit state and not in component wise has been detailed here as under.
elastic state and limit state method also checks for However, the calculations which are well established
serviceability. which has not discussed here.
IS:3370-2009 adopts limit state design method with
precautions. It adopts the criteria for limiting crack width TOP DOME
when the structures are designed by considering ultimate Meridional Thrust = 22.22 kN/m
limit state and restricts the stresses to 130 MPa in steel so Circumferential Force = 10 kN/m
that cracking width is not exceeded this is considered to Meridional Stress = 0.22 N/mm2
be deemed to be satisfy condition. This precaution Hoop Stress = 0.10 N/mm2
ensures cracking width to be less than 0.2 mm i.e. fit for
Top Working Stress Limit state design
liquid storage. This also specifies clearly how a liquid Method method
storage structure differs with other structures. Dome IS 3370- IS 3370- Crack Deemed to
1965 2009 Theory satisfy
A thorough study through both the versions of IS:3370 Thickness 100 100 100 100
reveals the following four methods of designs: Area of
300 175 120 -----
1. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (1965). steel
2
2. Working stress method in accordance IS 3370 (2009). Note : Thickness is in mm and area in mm
3. Designing by Ultimate Limit State and then checking
cracking width by limit state of serviceability IS 3370 TOP RING BEAM
(2009). Hoop Tension = 106.6 kN
4. Limit state design method by limiting steel stresses in
accordance IS 3370 (2009) and checking cracking width Top Working Stress Limit state design
under serviceability. Ring Method method

2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY Beam IS 3370- IS 3370- Crack Deemed to

1965 2009 Theory satisfy
Objective of this study is to analyse the above stated
design methods so that a conclusion can be made before a Area of
cross 62623 62623 34500 34500
designer which method is more reliable and economical.
section
To do the comparative study of provisions in IS 3370
Area of
(1965) and IS 3370 (2009), Intz type of water tank was 780 820 445 820
steel
chosen since it is widely used for large capacity and the
 CYLINDRICAL TANK WALL Comparison of limit state design methods as per
Max. hoop tension at base of wall = 480 kN/m IS:3370-2009
Hoop tension at top of wall = 120 kN/m
Size of members remained same in both the limit state of
Working Stress Limit state design collapse as well as deemed to satisfy conditions.
Cylindrical Method method Steel requirement increased in case of deemed to satisfy
tank wall IS 3370- IS 3370- Crack Deemed to condition due to the limiting of steel stresses to 130 MPa
1965 2009 Theory satisfy earlier it was 140 MPa.
Base level
350 350 140 140
thickness Comparison of working stress method and limit state
Steel at design method of IS : 3370 both versions
3700 3700 1995 3700
base
Top level The size of members as well as the requirement of steel
200 200 100 100
thickness decreased for limit state design method by IS: 3370
Steel at top 800 925 500 923 (2009) in comparison to working stress design methods of
both IS : 3370 (1965 ) and IS : 3370 (2009) .
BOTTOM RING BEAM
Total hoop tension = 798 kN CONCLUSION:
Based on the results and discussions following
Working Stress Limit state design
Bottom conclusions are arrived at:
Ring Method method
IS 3370- IS 3370- Crack Deemed to 1. The size of members remained same for working stress
Beam 1965 2009 Theory satisfy method by IS:3370 (1965) and IS:3370 (2009). However,
Area of the requirement of area of steel increased in IS:3370
cross 720000 720000 540000 540000 (2009) as the allowable stresses in steel were lower.
section However, the change in the clause of requirement of
Area of minimum steel decreased the steel required in
5320 6140 3315 6140
steel bottom spherical dome.
2. The size of members remained same for limit state
CONICAL DOME
design methods by IS:3370 (2009) in limit state of
Meridional Thrust = 572 kN/m
collapse as well in deemed to satisfy criteria.
Hoop Tension = 765 kN
However, the requirement of area of steel increased in
IS:3370 (2009) in deemed to satisfy criteria in comparison
Working Stress Limit state design
Conical Method method
to serviceability as the allowable stresses in steel were
Dome IS 3370- IS 3370- Crack Deemed to lower.
1965 2009 Theory satisfy 3. The size of members as well as the requirement of steel
Thickness 600 600 500 500 decreased for limit state design method by IS: 3370
Area of (2009) in comparison to working stress design methods of
5100 5890 3180 5885
steel both IS :3370 (1965 ) and IS : 3370 (2009) provisions .
4. It was found that the provisions of reinforcement
BOTTOM SPHERICAL DOME through the surface zones in IS : 3370 (2009) provides
Meridional Thrust = 337 kN/m
economical and more effective reinforcement.
Meridional stress = 1.123 N/mm2
Circumferential force = 83.5 kN/m
However, it was also felt that IS:3370(2009) should have
Bottom Working Stress Limit state design
Method method provided direct tensile stress and compressive stress under
Spherical
Dome
IS 3370- IS 3370- Crack Deemed to bending and limit state.
1965 2009 Theory satisfy
Thickness 300 300 200 200
REFERENCES
Comparison of working stress method as per IS:3370- 1. Krishna Raju N. (2009), Structural Design & Drawing
1965 & IS:3370-2009
Reinforced Concrete and Steel, 3rd edition, Universities
The size of members remained same in both the cases. Press, India.p.95.
Steel required has been slightly increased while designing
by IS : 3370(2009) provisions. 2. Robert D. Anchor, 1992. Design of Liquid Retaining
However, the steel requirement in case of top dome has Concrete Structures, 2nd edition, British Library
decreased in IS : 3370(2009) as this is governed by the
minimum steel requirement provisions by both the codes 3. IS : 3370 ( Part I-IV )- 2009, Concrete Structures for
which is entirely different. the Storage of Liquids – Code of Practice

4. IS : 3370 ( Part II )- 1965, Code of Practice for

Concrete Structures for the Storage of Liquids.

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