ON –SITE MEASUREMENT

Measurement of pH is one of the most important and frequently used tests in water
chemistry. Practically every phase of water supply and wastewater treatment, e.g, acid-base
neutralization, water softening, precipitation, coagulation, disinfection and corrosion control,
is depending on the pH reading.

Normally, pH is used in alkalinity and carbon dioxide measurement and others acid
base. At the given temperature, the intensity of the acidic or basic character of a solution is
indicated by pH or hydrogen ion activity.

The procedure that should be follows when on site measurement is:

1. All collection containers should be cleaned thoroughly on a regular basis with soap and
water and rinsed well with distilled water.
2. Select the point that we want to collect the sampling which is representing the whole
area that we chosen.
3. Collect 100 ml of waste water from a specified source using a beaker or container.
4. The waste water is then tested by using Hanna Multiparameter equipment and portable
turbidity parameter. It is testing to be neutral. The readings for pH, temperature, and
turbidity are recorded in the Bench Sheet.
5. Samples for analysis may change greatly during handling and storage. Testing should
be started as quickly as possible. To reduce the changes in those samples which must
be held, keep the samples at or below 4°C. Do not allow samples to freeze. Samples
may be kept for no more than 48 hours before beginning the test.

Water quality testing is an important part of environmental monitoring. When water quality
is poor, it affects not only aquatic life but the surrounding ecosystem as well. These sections
detail all of the parameters that affect the quality of water in the environment. These properties
can be physical, chemical or biological factors. Physical properties of water quality include
turbidity and temperature. Chemical characteristics involve parameters such as pH and dissolve
oxygen. Biological indicators of water quality include algae and phytoplankton

These parameters are relevant not only to surface water studies of ocean, lakes, rivers, but
to groundwater and industrial processes as well. Water quality monitoring can help researchers
predict and learn from natural processes in environmental and determine human impacts on an
ecosystem. These measurement efforts can also assist in restoration projects or ensure
environmental standards are being meet.

Physical Tests

Colour, turbidity, total solids, dissolve solids, recorded. Colour in water may be caused
by presence of minerals such as iron and manganese or by substances of vegetable origin such
as algae and weeds. Colour tests indicate by efficiency of the water treatment system.

Turbidity in water is because of the suspended solids and colloidal matter. It may be do
eroded soil caused by dredging or due the growth of micro-organism. High turbidity makes
filtration expensive. If sewage solids are present, pathogens may be encased in the particles
and escape the action of chlorine during disinfection.

SL
NO. PARAMETERS USPH STANDARD (Max. permissible)
1. Colour Colourless
2. Turbidity 5 NTU
3. pH value 6.0-8.5
4. Total Dissolve Solid 500mg/L

1) Pocket pH Meters
 Figure: Pocket pH Meters that available.

a) Portable pocket pH monitors are ideal for measuring the pH levels of water from 0-14
pH range. Their compact size makes them ideal for use on the go.
b) Testing is fast and easy: Simply turn on the meter, immerse it into the solution to be
tested, stir gently, and wait for pH reading to stabilize.
c) Pocket pH Testers offer a simple, inexpensive solution for accurate pH measurement.
2. Hanna Multiparameter

Figure: Hanna Multiparameter.

The Hanna Multiparameter can measure various water-quality parameters including

pH, Electro Conductivity (EC), total dissolve solids (TDS), oxygen reduction potential (ORP),
dissolve oxygen, atmospheric pressure, and temperature.

The Hanna Multiparameter water quality meter’s viewing screen is scratch-resistant

and give the ability to view the data through polarized sunglasses. Both the display and keypad
are backlit allowing to take multiparameter water quality measurements in low light conditions
or even in the dark. The cable connection between the multiparameter water quality meter’s
display case and sensor head are made up from Mil-spec connectors providing with the most
reliable sensor connection possible. By putting the sensor in the water, it automatically giving
the reading. Make sure the sensor fully immerses in the water. The manual step to use this
equipment is:

a) Measurement Mode
1) Connect the probe to the meter and carefully fix the protection sleeve.
2) Immerse the probe into the sample while paying attention to avoid stones.
3) Press the on/off key to turn the meter on: the display shows “HANNA HI9828”
and the firmware version, then enters the measurement mode.
 4) The display shows the readings of all enabled parameters and the location
coordinates (depending on model and if the GPS feature is enabled).

b) Measurement Setup
1) Switch the meter on by pressing on/off.
2) After the initialization has been completed, the meter enters the measurement
mode. The active softkeys are <log> and < menu>
3) Press <menu> select “Measurement Setup” using the arrow keys, then press
<ok> The display shows the complete list of measurable parameters.
4) To select a parameter, scroll with the arrow keys.
5) Each parameter can be enabled or disabled. A checked box or the measure unit
means that the parameter is enabled. Press the right softkey to enable or disable
the parameter.