Effects of insecticide in controlling elm leaf beetle on Strawberry

(Fragaria X ananassa) plant

*Goyec J. M., Agod R. T., Ballud M. C., Dela Torre H.J. G., and Verzola J. D.

College of Accountancy, University of the Cordilleras

Gov. Pack Road, Baguio City 2600, Philippines

*Corresponding author: _Judilyn Goyec@yahoo.com

Abstract.

Keywords: insecticide, strawberry, organic, inorganic

Effect of fermented plant extract in phytotoxicity caused by specialized herb

controlling elm leaf beetle (Xanthogarleruca
Luteola Muller) on strawberry plant
(fragaria chiloensis Duch). University of the
Cordilleras, Gov. Pack Road, Baguio City
2600, Philippines
Universal plant garlic and ginger
with hot pepper and sepal the specialized
herb were use in the study. Tabulated data
was used to compare the efficacy of each
treatment. The significant differences among
the treatment means were tested on
strawberry plants. The study was conducted
at Km 4 Balili, La Trinidad, Benguet from
March to April 2017. This study aims to
record the population of alive elm leaf beetle
after the application of specialized herd
extract; to observe the degree of injury
caused by beetle elm leaf beetle on leaves of
strawberry plant; to determine yield produce
from each treatment; and to identify the
extracts on plant.
Strawberry plants applied with
fermented garlic had less population of elm
leaf beetle, less injured leaves. Garlic with
hot pepper, garlic with sepal, ginger with hot
pepper and ginger with sepal had also less
population of elm leaf beetle, less injured
leaves. Fermented garlic with ginger with
hot pepper and garlic with ginger with sepal
had a high effective in controlling the
population of elm leaf beetle rather than
garlic with hot pepper and garlic with sepal.
The combinations of two universal
plant which is ginger and garlic with sepal
with hot pepper were most effective in
reducing the population of elm leaf beetle in
strawberry less injury of leaves.

1
INTRODUCTION
The strawberry (Fragaria x
ananassa) is a delicious fruit and ranked
foremost as a table delicacy among the fruits
and vegetables grown in Benguet. It is
highly esteemed as a fresh fruit or as a
preserved and is very much in demand
among vacationers and tourist in Benguet
and Baguio. The strawberry is still
considered luxury fruit. This is due to the
limited supply of the fruit because the crop I
grown in limited scale (Coronel, 1983).
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)
growing in the Philippines is very promising
(Hermano, 1999) however, it has made little
progress since the crop was introduce into
the country. One pressing problem is lack of
high yielding adapted varieties on the whole
production technology available (Coronel,
1983), another leading causes of slow rate of
strawberry production is due to
susceptibility of strawberry to different plant
deceases. Under Benguet condition, there
are many factors to consider why production
fluctuates during rainy seasons (Balaki,
1992)
One of the most important insects
damaging urban forest in the United States
and is the major pest of elm trees in
California. Elm leaf beetle is a serious
defoliator; the larvae skeletonize the leaf
surface, while adults chew entirely through
the leaf, often in a summer shade, reduces
the aesthetic value of trees and causes
annoying leaf drop. Repeated action of the
beetle weakens elms causing trees to
decline. (Dahlsten et al., 1993)
2
The focus of this study is the
existence of this insect usually unnoticed by
the strawberry grower hence their presence
may cause serious damage to plants. Elm
leaf beetle usually fed on elm tree leaves
abroad but recently it was observed that this
insect is present in the locality, they harbor
and feed in a certain weed that grows with
the strawberry plant. The larvae skeletonize
the leaves of the plant while the adults chew
up the entire leaves including the shoot of
the plant. This delays the plant to bear fruit.
The damage cause by this insect to the plant
is the loss of its aesthic value, weakens and
declines the vigor of the plant.
This study is conceptualized with a
view of determining how to control the
number of elm leaf beetle and know the side
effects of the used friendly insecticide in the
plants. Also, to better understand the
importance of developing friendly
insecticides.
METHODOLOGY
Prepare the six planting pots using
molded pots then put black soil mixed with
chicken manure and put inside different
pots. After doing the planting pots the grown
strawberry runners are planted inside the
pots. Water the plants and put in different
places.
The researchers will ferment the garlic,
ginger, sepal and hot pepper that serve as an
insecticide to control beetle elm leaf that
eats the leaves of the strawberry plants.
 The steps in doing the fermentation
are the following:
Chop 1½ kilo of garlic and ginger
separately then put ½ kilogram in separate
fermenting jars. Add 90 ml beer each jar and
mix. After 12 hours add 90 grams of
muscovado mix altogether and ferment for 5
days. After 5 days of fermentation, add 150
ml gin then after 10 days of extract the same
volume of gin that were added and the
extract serves as an insecticide. Add ½ kilo
crushed hot pepper to the ginger and garlic
mixtures separately. Extract after 10 days
and ready for testing.
ORIENTED PLANT COLLECTIONS
Ginger Garlic
(Universal plant) (Universal plant)
Sepal Hot pepper
Ginger (Zigiber Officinale Rose) is a
tuber that is consumed whole as a delicacy,
medicine, or a spice. It is the rhizome of the
plant Zingiber officinale. It lends its name to
its genus and family (Zingiberaceae). Ginger
3
cultivation began in South Asia and has
since spread to East Africa and the
Caribbean. It is sometimes called root
ginger to distinguish it from other things that
share the name ginger. Active constituents
have shown potent antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial
and possible anticancer activities (Perez,
2005)
Garlic (allium sativum) is a species
in the onion family alliaceae. This has been
use throughout history for both culinary and
medical purposes. The bulb is the most
commonly used part of the plant it is very
good all-purpose insect repellant that can be
used in several different ways to ward off
pest , in the simplest form it is used to keep
insect off of several plants.
Hot pepper (Capsicum annum) has
been a part of human diet since the ancient
time. The substance that give hot pepper
their intensity when ingested or applied
topically are capsiascin and several related
chemicals, collectively called capsiacinoids,
Capsicum is the primary ingredient in
pepper based spray.
Sepal or sepal is one of the botanical
plants in Benguet that have a medicinal
importance. This is bitter, hot tasting plant
was used herbal medicine by hilot o native
medicine man (albolaryo) especially to
women who just given birth to hasten
healing, also used to cure illness, such as
diarrhea, infection, head ache and many
more.it is also used to control insect that
infest plants, the leaves, bark are chopped,
soaked in water for days before using it
(Anonymous, 2010)
ORIENTAL HERBAL INSECTICIDES
Garlic + ginger +
sepal + hot pepper

There is significant
between the
universal plant
Garlic + hot pepper Garlic + sepal extract in
decreasing the
population of elm
leaf beetle after
treating with
Population of universal pant
alive Elm Leaf extract. Base on the
Beetle after result, garlic extract
treatment is moe effective in
decreasing of elm
leaf beetle and
Ginger + hot pepper Ginger + sepal
garlic has different
effect to insect and
has a good
repelling action
Degree of injury The effect of
of damage universal plant to
strawberry leaves damage strawberry
leaves has
significant
differences . in
relation with
Ginger + garlic + hot Ginger + garlic + population, the
Pepper sepal universal plants
extracts that has the
lowest mean
recorded has
coused lesser injury
to strawberry leaves
which is the
different

4
 formulation has
varying degrees of
effecacy.
Degree of injury Formulation has
od damaged significant
strawberry differences,
flowers between the two
treatment , garlic
extract has a lower A strawberry plant A strawberry plant
means that damage planced inside the placed outside the
strawberry flower the house. house.
was lesser than the
strawberry plant Applied with OHI Applied with OHI
applied with ginger Ginge and garlic Ginger with hot
extracts. with sepal pepper

Strawberry Plants with Different Oriental

Herbal Insecticides (OHI) Extract

A strawberry plant A strawberry plant

placed in outside the placed in watery
house near the area.
A strawberry plant A strawberry plant different plants.
placed in open field. placed inside the Applied with OHI
house near the Applied with OHI Ginger and garlic
Applied with OHI window. Ginger with sepal with hot pepper with
Garlic with sepal sepal
Applied with OHI
garlic with hot
pepper

5
A strawberry plant
placed outside the
house

Applied with OHI

Ginger with garlic
with hot pepper

Here are some effects of elm leaf beetle

in strawberry plants Strawberry plant slowly loses its
vigor as a result of excessive feeding of elm
leaf beetle (see the picture shown above).
Elm leaf beetle larvae feeding on the leaves
of strawberry plant until the most distractive
stage which is the leaves of the plants are
totally destroyed/damaged as a result the
plant can’t bear fruits. Elm beetle larvae
feeding on strawberry the flower, most of
the time the strawberry flower were
destroyed by the said insect, if ever there
was a flower of plant survived the quality of
the fruit is not good like the picture shown
above.

6
SUMMARY
Elm leaf was another kind of insect
that is destructive to strawberry plants
among other identified. The study was
conducted and evaluated the effect of
different effect of different fermented plant
extract in controlling elm lea beetle on
strawberry plant. This study aims to record
the population of alive elm leaf beetle after
the application of specialized herd extract; to
observe the degree of injury caused by
beetle elm leaf beetle on leaves of
strawberry plant; to determine yield produce
from each treatment; and to identify the
phytotoxicity caused by specialized herb
extracts on plant.
Based on result, treatment that has
highest probability in controlling the
population of this insect was the
combination of the universal plants which is
the ginger and garlic with sepal with hot
pepper
BALAKI, E.T. 1992 Crop Protection and
Cultural Management Studies on Strawberry
Benguet State University, La Trinidad,
Benguet.
CORONEL, R.E. 1983.Promising fruit of
the Philippines.Pp.325-350.
DALSTEN, D.L, A. B. LAWSON, AND D.
L. ROWNEY. 1998. IPM Helps Control
Elm leaf Beetle. University of California;
IPM Education and Publications.
HERMANO, F.G. 1999. Strawberry
Production Management and Technology.
Benguet State University, La Trinidad
Benguet.
PEREZ, N. 2005. School of Holistic
Aroatherapy. Retrieved June 21, 2010 from
http//www.holisticgroma.co.uk/articles/esse
ntial oil of ginger.htm

CONCLUSION

Based on the results and analyzation

of treatment, is therefore concluded that
each treatment is highly significant in
controlling elm leaf beetle. Nerveless, the
extent of effectiveness and efficiency varies.

LITERATURE CITED

ANONYMOUS, 2010. Potential Uses of

Indigenous Medicinal Plant in Benguet in
Farming Industry.