SECTION 204-04B: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

Overview

The BCM monitors the tire pressure in the 4 road tires with tire pressure sensors that communicate the tire
pressure via radio signals to the BCM . The tire pressure sensors are battery operated and mounted to the
valve stems. All of the controlling software for the TPMS is contained in the BCM . The IPC illuminates the
TPMS warning indicator and the message center displays a message when a fault is present or when the tire
pressure falls below the low pressure limit.

System Operation

System Diagram

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Network Message Chart

BCM TPMS Network Input Messages

Broadcast Originating Message Purpose

Message Module
TPMS data BCM Communicates tire pressure information to the IPC .
Vehicle speed PCM Used to determine TPMS system status and fault setting
conditions.

TPMS Function

The TPMS monitors tire pressure using 4 valve stem mounted TPMS sensors, these sensors transmit tire
pressure data to the BCM . The TPMS sensor locations and unique identifiers are trained to the BCM based
on the training order. The BCM compares the tire pressure data sent by the sensors with a programmed
desired tire pressure. This programmed pressure is the same pressure indicated on the VC label. If the tire
pressure deviates from the programmed tire pressure the BCM , using the MS-CAN , signals the IPC to
illuminate the TPMS warning indicator and to also display a message on the message center. The programmed
desired tire pressure cannot be changed.
The scan tool is a useful tool in diagnosing TPMS concerns and may be used to verify the accuracy of the tire
pressure data transmitted by the TPMS sensors. This is accomplished by comparing the BCM tire pressure
PID data to the actual tire pressure using a digital tire pressure gauge. Training the sensors is not necessary
after a tire rotation on vehicles with the same front and rear tire pressures however, the BCM cannot recognize
that the sensor identifiers have been moved to different positions and will retain the original position
information for each sensor.

Wheel Rotation and Sensor Training Techniques

Training known good sensors from another vehicle cannot differentiate between a faulted module and RFI , as
some noise source could be preventing the module from receiving the tire pressure status from the original
sensors as well as the known good sensors. This technique can be used to differentiate between a sensor and a
module concern. If the module in the suspect vehicle cannot train any of the sensors on the vehicle and,
likewise, cannot train known good sensors from another vehicle, then the concern is with the module or RFI
and not with the original sensors. The original sensors should not be replaced. If a sensor in a certain location
has caused several events, yet the sensor trains and seems to operate normally, moving that particular wheel to
a different location on the vehicle is a good way to isolate the concern to a certain sensor/wheel location.
Rotate the wheels and road test the vehicle. This can be done in an attempt to replicate the concern and help
determine if the concern followed the sensor or remained in the original sensor location. If the vehicle has
been stationary for more than 30 minutes, the sensors go into a "sleep mode" to conserve battery power and

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they will need to be "woken up" so they transmit the latest tire pressure information to the BCM . Refer to
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Activation .

Training Sensors in a Different Order

If the first sensor fails the TPMS training procedure, the BCM aborts the entire procedure. Starting the
training procedure at a different wheel is a technique that can be used to determine if the remaining sensors
can train to the module. This can help save time determining if one sensor is damaged, other sensors are
having concerns, or the BCM is experiencing training difficulties with a certain TPMS sensor location.

TPMS Warning Indicator

The TPMS warning indicator and vehicle message center sometimes display faults that cannot be resolved by
the customer. Treat these messages as TPMS faults that must be serviced.

TPMS Warning Indicator Illuminates Continuously

The TPMS warning indicator remains on continuously and the message center displays LOW TIRE
PRESSURE when any of the tire pressures fall below the low pressure limit. When this condition exists,
adjust the tire pressure to the recommended cold tire pressure indicated on the VC label.

TPMS Warning Indicator Flashes

The TPMS warning indicator flashes for 70 seconds, then remains on continuously when the ignition is turned
to the ON position when the TPMS is malfunctioning. The PID TP_STAT can be used to determine why the
TPMS warning indicator is flashing.

• Tire Pressure Sensor Fault - The message center displays TIRE PRESSURE SENSOR FAULT when
a TPMS sensor is malfunctioning.
• No communication with the BCM - The TPMS warning indicator illuminates when the IPC has not
received any signals from the BCM for more than 5 seconds. The message center displays TIRE
PRESSURE MONITOR FAULT.
• Tire Pressure Monitor Fault - The message center displays TIRE PRESSURE MONITOR FAULT
when the TPMS is malfunctioning.
TPMS PID Definitions

The BCM monitors the TPMS status. The current status can be viewed by accessing the TPMS status PID :
TPMS_STAT in the BCM . This helps identify the current system status and may aid in diagnosing the
system. The PID has 4 valid states:

• TPMS_STAT = SENSOR FAULT: If the BCM has not received the tire pressure data from 1 to 3
TPMS sensors for 20 minutes when the vehicle speed is above 32.2 km/h (20 mph), the PID displays
SENSOR FAULT.
• TPMS_STAT = SYSTEM FAULT: If the BCM has not received the tire pressure data from all 4
sensors for 20 minutes when the vehicle speed is above 32.2 km/h (20 mph), the PID displays
SYSTEM FAULT.
• TPMS_STAT = LOW: If the BCM has detected that at least 1 TPMS sensor is reporting low tire
pressure, the PID displays LOW.
• TPMS_STAT = ACTIVE: If the TPMS is functioning normally, the PID displays ACTIVE.

Last Warning Event PID Definitions

The TPMS uses the TPMS last warning event PIDs to store detailed information about the last 5 times the
TPMS warning indicator was activated. These PIDs can be used to acquire more information about a

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particular TPMS event, but must be used carefully.

EVT1_IGN through EVT5_IGN

The number of key cycles since the TPMS warning indicator was illuminated. This PID cycles from zero to
255 and then starts over from zero again. Use this PID to determine how long ago a TPMS event occurred and
the time (in key cycles) between events.

EVT1_TLOC through EVT5_TLOC

This is the last programmed location for the sensor causing each TPMS event. Due to tire rotation, the sensor
may no longer be at the location indicated. It is suggested that all the PIDs be recorded, the system retrained,
and the sensor identifier PIDs be used to pinpoint the actual location of each sensor.

EVT1_PSI through EVT5_PSI

This is the tire pressure associated with each TPMS warning indicator event. This can be used to identify the
TPMS events that were due to low pressure and to determine when a sensor is transmitting inaccurate tire
pressure.

EVT1_STAT through EVT5_STAT

Describes the warning status of each TPMS event by using the information received from the TPMS status
(TP_STAT) PID . If there is a communication issue, the status could be NORMAL.

• UNKNOWN
• NORMAL (normal operation)
• LOW (low pressure event)
• FAULT (sensor fault or system fault)

EVT1_TxID through EVT5_TxID

This is the unique identifier of the sensor involved in each TPMS event. EVT1 is the most recent event that
triggered the TPMS warning indicator.

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)

RFI can be caused by:

• Video equipment has been found to cause RFI especially when the video and power supply lines are
near the TPMS .
• Car alarms (even those installed by the dealership) have been found to create enough RFI to cause the
TPMS to malfunction or lose considerable range. These car alarms can be difficult to locate, as they
are usually hidden somewhere out of the way for reduced accessibility.
• Many in-vehicle cell phone chargers have been found to cause considerable RFI . The vehicles with
the power point closest to the BCM are the most affected. It must be noted that most cell phone
chargers do not produce high levels of RFI all the time. This depends on the state of charge of the cell
phone battery. The phone battery must be almost completely discharged in some cases.
• Power supplies and DC / AC inverters typically create a lot of RFI . Most consumer grade equipment
has very little filtering or shielding.

OEM Modules

In some cases the RFI may actually be caused by a module or ground on the vehicle. Depending on the
severity of the concern, a dirty ground, improperly built ground shield or module can disable the system.
Modules that have microcontrollers using clock circuits to create timing pulses for the microprocessor may
radiate RFI .

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Using Customer's Electronics to Pinpoint Radio Frequency Interference

This method can be a way to determine the cause of an concern well before the sensors and module are
replaced with little or no effect on the system performance. Since this takes more up front work, it relies on
working with the customer to determine what equipment was being used at the time of the event. Question the
customer about what kind of devices they are using. Determine which power points are being used and if
necessary ask that the devices be activated to determine their affect on the TPMS .

Options for Eliminating Intermittent TPMS Operation Caused by RFI

If an OEM component or customer device is causing an RFI concern, replace the device.

If a phone charger is causing an RFI concern, the customer should consult with their cell phone provider to
acquire a different battery charger.

If a device such as a dealer installed alarm is causing an RFI concern, move the device to another location in
the vehicle. In the case of a portable device move the power cord to another power point location.

In summary, if the RFI source is present and cannot be moved or replaced, the intermittent concern remains.
The TPMS must accept the unwanted system operation the RFI can cause.

Ambient Temperature Change and Tire Pressure

Tire pressures fluctuate with temperature changes. For this reason, tire pressures must be set to specification
when tires are at outdoor ambient temperatures. If the vehicle is allowed to warm up to shop temperatures, and
the outside temperature is less than shop temperature, the tire inflation pressure must be adjusted accordingly.

If the tires are inflated to specification at shop temperatures, and the vehicle is moved outdoors when the
outdoor ambient temperature is significantly lower, the tire pressure may drop enough to be detected by the
TPMS and activate the TPMS warning indicator.

As the ambient temperature decreases by -12.2° C (10° F) tire pressure decreases 6.9 kPa (1 psi). Adjust the
tire pressure by 6.9 kPa (1 psi) for each -12.2° C (10° F) ambient temperature drop as necessary to keep the
tire at the specified VC label pressure. To adjust the tire pressure indoors for colder outside temperatures,
refer to the following table.

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Component Description

Body Control Module (BCM)

The BCM is a multifunction module that monitors all sensor inputs and all HS-CAN messages that relate to
the TPMS . The BCM records and retains the unique sensor identifier of each TPMS sensor.

The BCM retains the previous sensor location information following a tire rotation, for the BCM to learn the
new sensor location, the sensors must be trained to the BCM . Refer to Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training - Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor
Training - Integrated Keyhead Transmitter (IKT) . Additionally, the sensors must be trained when a new BCM
is installed.

When installing a new BCM , there are several procedures that must be carried out in order for the module to
function correctly. These procedures include, but are not limited to; PMI , anti-theft parameter reset,
programming keyless entry remote and setting customer preferences. For a complete list of procedures to be
performed refer to Body Control Module (BCM) Removal and Installation in Section 419-10 .

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor

WARNING: The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) sensor battery may release hazardous
chemicals if exposed to extreme mechanical damage. If these chemicals contact the skin or eyes, flush
immediately with water for a minimum of 15 minutes and get prompt medical attention. If any part of
the battery is swallowed, contact a physician immediately. When disposing of TPMS sensors, follow the
correct procedures for hazardous material disposal. Failure to follow these instructions may result in
serious personal injury.

Each of the 4 TPMS pressure sensors contain a battery, a tire pressure sensor and a radio transmitter. The
TPMS sensor radio transmissions are sent approximately once every 60 seconds while the vehicle speed
exceeds 32.2 km/h (20 mph).
SECTION 204-04B: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

Special Tool(s)

Activation Tool, Tire Pressure Monitor

204-363, or Customer Activation Tool, Tire
Pressure Monitor 8C2T-1AZ03-AA
Digital Tire Pressure Gauge
204-354

Vehicle Communication Module (VCM)

and Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS)
software with appropriate hardware, or
equivalent scan tool

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DTC Chart

Diagnostics in this manual assume a certain skill level and knowledge of Ford-specific diagnostic practices.
Refer to Diagnostic Methods in Section 100-00 for information about these practices.

BCM TPMS DTC Chart

DTC Description Action

B1182:00 Tire Pressure Monitoring GO to Pinpoint Test A .
System: No Sub Type
Information
B124D:02 Tire Pressure Sensor: General ACTIVATE the TPMS sensors. Tire Pressure Monitoring System
Signal Failure (TPMS) Sensor Activation .

CLEAR the DTC and REPEAT the self-test. If the DTC returns,
GO to Pinpoint Test B .
B1182:55 Tire Pressure Monitoring This DTC is only present when a new BCM is installed, the BCM
System: Not Configured is flashed or the BCM is reconfigured.

Using a scan tool, CONFIGURE the BCM , TRAIN the TPMS

sensors, (REFER to Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Sensor Training - Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) ) and CARRY OUT a BCM self-test.
B1251:00 Tire Pressure Sensor Low GO to Pinpoint Test C .
Battery: No Sub Type
Information
B1254:51 Right Rear (Outside on Dual This DTC is only present when a new BCM is installed, the BCM
Wheel) Tire Pressure Sensor is flashed or the BCM is reconfigured.
 and Transmitter Assembly:
Not Programmed TRAIN the TPMS sensor. Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training - Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) .
B1255:51 Left Rear (Outside On Dual This DTC is only present when a new BCM is installed, the BCM
Wheel) Tire Pressure Sensor is flashed or the BCM is reconfigured.
and Transmitter Assembly:
Not Programmed TRAIN the TPMS sensor. Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training - Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) .
C1A56:51 Left Front Tire Pressure This DTC is only present when a new BCM is installed, the BCM
Sensor and Transmitter is flashed or the BCM is reconfigured.
Assembly: Not Programmed
TRAIN the TPMS sensor. Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training - Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) .

C1A58:51 Right Front Tire Pressure
Sensor and Transmitter
Assembly: Not Programmed
- All Other BCM DTCs
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This DTC is only present when a new BCM is installed, the BCM
is flashed or the BCM is reconfigured.
TRAIN the TPMS sensor. Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training - Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) .
REFER to the BCM DTC Chart in Section 419-10 .

Symptom Chart

Diagnostics in this manual assume a certain skill level and knowledge of Ford-specific diagnostic practices.
Refer to Diagnostic Methods in Section 100-00 for information about these practices.

Symptom Chart

Diagnostic Routines

Pinpoint Test A: DTC B1182:00

Normal Operation and Fault Conditions

The TPMS sensor radio transmissions are sent to the BCM approximately once every 60 seconds while the
vehicle speed exceeds 32 km/h (20 mph).

TPMS sensor communication to the BCM can be interrupted by RFI , which can cause intermittent issues that
are not vehicle concerns. RFI is generated by items such as; electrical motors and appliance operation, cellular
telephones, remote transmitters, power inverters and portable entertainment equipment. Anytime the TPMS
sensor training procedure is performed successfully, the warning indicator is extinguished and the vehicle
must be driven for 18-20 minutes before the BCM sets a fault.

DTC Fault Trigger Conditions

DTC Description Fault Trigger Conditions

Tire Pressure Monitoring This DTC is set in continuous memory by the BCM when all 4 of
• B1182:00
System: No Sub Type the tire pressure sensors are faulted, not responding or when data is
Information not received by the BCM .

Possible Causes
• Not all TPMS sensors are installed
• TPMS sensors not trained
• TPMS sensor(s)
• BCM

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Visual Inspection and Diagnostic Pre-checks
• Inspect for customer electronic devices, such as cell phone chargers or GPS units.
• Inspect for non- OEM wheels or run-flat tires.
• Verify horn operation.
• Verify that the BCM responds to the scan tool and passes the network test.

PINPOINT TEST A: DTC B1182:00

Test Step Result / Action to Take

A1 TRAIN THE TPMS SENSORS
Yes
• Train all 4 TPMS sensors. Refer to Tire The system is operating correctly at this time. The
Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) concern may have been caused by RFI .
Sensor Training - Intelligent Access
(IA) or Tire Pressure Monitoring No
System (TPMS) Sensor Training - GO to A2 .
Integrated Keyhead Transmitter (IKT) .
• Did all of the TPMS sensors transmit
correctly and did the horn sound
when each sensor transmitted to the
BCM ?
A2 REPEAT THE SENSOR TRAINING
Yes
NOTE: Make sure that all aftermarket INSTALL a new TPMS sensor for each sensor that
electronic equipment has been failed to train. REFER to Tire Pressure Monitoring
disconnected (if possible) and that the System (TPMS) Sensor .
customer has been questioned about the
kinds of electronic equipment they may No
have been using in the vehicle when GO to A3 .
this issue was identified.
 • NOTE: A spare tire cannot be
programmed to the vehicle, even if
equipped with a TPMS sensor. If a
damaged road wheel is located in the
trunk and the BCM cannot
communicate with it, or if the damaged
wheel has been dropped off at a
dealership or repair shop, the BCM sets
a TPMS sensor fault.
• Check the spare tire location. If the
spare tire is in use, repair and remount
the road wheel as necessary to restore
system operation.
• Move the vehicle to rotate the wheels at
least one-fourth of a turn. Leave the
vehicle doors open. Start the sensor
training procedure at a different wheel
. Refer to Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) Sensor Training -
Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure

Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor
Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) .
• Did any of the TPMS sensors train
and did the horn sound when each
sensor transmitted to the BCM ?
A3 CHECK FOR CORRECT BCM
OPERATION
• Ignition OFF.
• Disconnect and inspect all BCM
electrical connectors.
• Repair:
♦ corrosion (install new
connector or terminal - clean
module pins)
♦ damaged or bent pins - install
new terminals/pins
♦ pushed-out pins - install new
pins as necessary
• Connect the BCM electrical connectors.
Make sure they seat and latch correctly.
• Operate the system and determine if the
concern is still present.
• Is the concern still present?
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Yes
The sensors may not be present. DISMOUNT the tires.
REFER to Section 204-04A . VERIFY the sensors are
present and mounted to the wheels. If the sensors are
missing, INSTALL new sensor(s). Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor . If the sensors are
present, CHECK OASIS for any applicable TSBs. If a
TSB exists for this concern, DISCONTINUE this test
and FOLLOW the TSB instructions.
If no TSBs address this concern, INSTALL a new
BCM . REFER to Section 419-10 .
No
The system is operating correctly at this time. The
concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded
connector. ADDRESS the root cause of any connector
or pin issues.

Pinpoint Test B: DTC B124D:02

Normal Operation and Fault Conditions

The TPMS sensor radio transmissions are sent to the BCM approximately once every 60 seconds while the
vehicle speed exceeds 32 km/h (20 mph).
TPMS sensor communication to the BCM can be interrupted by RFI , which can cause intermittent issues that
are not vehicle concerns. RFI is generated by items such as; electrical motors and appliance operation, cellular
telephones, remote transmitters, power inverters and portable entertainment equipment. Anytime the TPMS
sensor training procedure is performed successfully, the warning indicator is extinguished and the vehicle
must be driven for 18-20 minutes before the BCM sets a fault.

DTC Fault Trigger Conditions

DTC Description Fault Trigger Conditions

Tire Pressure This DTC is set in continuous memory by the BCM when 1, 2 or 3 of the
• B124D:02
Monitoring System: tire pressure sensors are faulted, not responding or when data is not
General Signal Failure received by the BCM . If DTC B1182:00 is also set, it should be
diagnosed first. GO to Pinpoint Test A .

Possible Causes
• Not all TPMS sensors are installed

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• TPMS sensors not trained
• TPMS sensor(s)
• BCM

Visual Inspection and Diagnostic Pre-checks

• Inspect for customer electronic devices, such as cell phone chargers or GPS units.
• Inspect for non- OEM wheels or run-flat tires.
• Verify horn operation.
• Verify that the BCM responds to the scan tool and passes the network test.

PINPOINT TEST B: DTC B124D:02

Test Step Result / Action to Take

B1 CARRY OUT THE TPMS
SENSOR TRAINING PROCEDURE
• Ignition ON.
• Enter the following diagnostic
mode on the scan tool: DataLogger
- BCM .
• View and record the following
BCM PIDs :
♦ Left Front Tire
Transmitter Identifier
(TPM_S_ID_LF)
♦ Right Front Tire
Transmitter Identifier
(TPM_S_ID_RF)
♦ Left Rear Tire Transmitter
Identifier
(TPM_S_ID_LRO)
Yes
Using the scan tool, LOCATE the updated TPMS sensor
identifiers trained to the BCM . COMPARE these values to
those recorded prior to the TPMS sensor training procedure.
Disregarding sensor position, any sensor identifiers that do
not match those retrieved from the module were changed,
but not retrained. The sensors are now trained to the vehicle,
diagnosis is complete. DOCUMENT all TPMS sensor
identifiers on the applicable warranty claim.
No
GO to B2 .
 ♦ Right Rear Tire
Transmitter Identifier
(TPM_S_ID_RRO)
• Train all 4 TPMS sensors. Refer to
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training -
Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire
Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training -
Integrated Keyhead Transmitter
(IKT) .
• Did all of the TPMS sensors
train successfully and did the
horn sound when each TPMS
sensor transmitted to the BCM ?
B2 ATTEMPT TO TRAIN THE
TPMS SENSORS AGAIN
Yes
• Starting at a different wheel, train REPLACE any of the TPMS sensors that did not train.

all 4 TPMS sensors. Refer to Tire
Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training -
Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire
Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training -
Integrated Keyhead Transmitter
(IKT) .
• Did any of the TPMS sensors
train successfully and did the
horn sound when each TPMS
sensor transmitted to the BCM ?
B3 CHECK FOR CORRECT BCM
OPERATION
• Ignition OFF.
• Disconnect and inspect all BCM
electrical connectors.
• Repair:
♦ corrosion (install new
connector or terminal -
clean module pins)
♦ damaged or bent pins -
install new terminals/pins
♦ pushed-out pins - install
new pins as necessary
• Connect the BCM electrical
connectors. Make sure they seat
and latch correctly.
• Operate the system and determine
if the concern is still present.
• Is the concern still present?
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REFER to Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor
.
No
GO to B3 .
Yes
The sensors may not be present. DISMOUNT the tires.
REFER to Section 204-04A . VERIFY the sensors are
present and mounted to the wheels. If the sensors are
missing, INSTALL new sensor(s). Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) Sensor . If the sensors are present, CHECK
OASIS for any applicable TSBs. If a TSB exists for this
concern, DISCONTINUE this test and FOLLOW the TSB
instructions.
If no TSBs address this concern, INSTALL a new BCM .
REFER to Section 419-10 .
No
The system is operating correctly at this time. The concern
may have been caused by a loose or corroded connector.
ADDRESS the root cause of any connector or pin issues.
Pinpoint Test C: DTC B1251:00

Normal Operation and Fault Conditions

When the TPMS sensor is activated by the sensor training tool, the sensor transmits the current tire pressure to
the BCM . Low sensor battery voltage or RFI prevents the sensor from transmitting the information to the
BCM .

DTC Fault Trigger Conditions

DTC Description Fault Trigger Conditions

Tire Pressure Sensor This DTC sets in continuous memory sets in continuous memory when
• B1251:00
Low Battery: No Sub attempting to train a TPMS sensor(s) with a low battery. The TPMS
Type Information warning indicator flashes for 70 seconds and then remains on continuously
when the ignition set to ON position, and the message center displays TIRE
PRESSURE SENSOR FAULT.

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Possible Causes
• TPMS sensor(s) battery

PINPOINT TEST C: DTC B1251:00

Test Step Result / Action to Take

C1 TRAIN THE TPMS SENSORS
TO DETERMINE THE
INOPERATIVE SENSOR
• Train all 4 TPMS sensors. Refer
to Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) Sensor Training
- Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire
Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor Training -
Integrated Keyhead Transmitter
(IKT) .
• Did all of the TPMS sensors
train successfully and did the
horn sound when each TPMS
sensor transmitted to the BCM
?
Yes
The system is operating correctly at this time.
No
Before installing a new sensor(s): If a sensor does not respond
to the sensor training tool, MOVE the vehicle to rotate the
wheels at least one-fourth of a turn and ATTEMPT to activate
the same sensor again. If the sensor still fails to train,
ATTEMPT to train the sensor with the vehicle doors open. If
the sensor(s) fails to train a third time, INSTALL a new
TPMS sensor(s). REFER to Tire Pressure Monitoring System
(TPMS) Sensor .

Pinpoint Test D: The TPMS warning indicator is ON continuously and the message center displays
LOW TIRE PRESSURE
Normal Operation and Fault Conditions

The BCM monitors the tire pressure of all 4 road tires. The wheel-mounted tire pressure sensors transmit data
via radio frequency signals to the BCM where a predetermined pass/fail criteria is applied. The TPMS sensor
radio transmissions are sent approximately once every 60 seconds while the vehicle speed exceeds 32 km/h
(20 mph). The BCM compares each TPMS sensor transmission against a low-pressure limit. If it has been
determined that the tire pressure has fallen below this limit, the BCM communicates this on the vehicle
communication bus to the IPC . The IPC then illuminates the TPMS warning indicator and displays the
appropriate message(s) in the message center.

This symptom can also be caused by a spare tire currently being used in place of a road tire. Make sure the
spare tire is not currently in use.

Possible Causes
• Tire pressure not set to specifications listed on the VC label
• Spare tire currently in use
• TPMS sensor(s)

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PINPOINT TEST D: THE TPMS WARNING INDICATOR IS ON CONTINUOUSLY AND THE MESSAGE CENTER
DISPLAYS LOW TIRE PRESSURE

Test Step Result / Action to Take

D1 CHECK FOR SPARE TIRE IN USE
Yes
NOTE: The spare tire is not programmable even if it is REPAIR and REMOUNT the
equipped with a TPMS sensor. If a damaged road wheel is wheel to the vehicle. REFER to
located in the trunk, the sensor may still be recognized by the Wheel and Tire Removal and
TPMS as low. Make sure the spare tire is not currently in use. Installation in Section 204-04A
To restore TPMS functionality, repair the damaged road wheel .
and re-mount it to the vehicle.
ADJUST tire pressures to the
• Check spare tire location. required pressure as defined on
• Is the spare tire in use? the VC label.

No
GO to D2 .
D2 CHECK FOR LOW TIRE PRESSURE
Yes
• Using speical tool 204-354, measure and record the tire The system is operating
pressure in all 4 road tires. correctly at this time. The cause
• Adjust the pressure for those found to be below the was low tire pressure.
specification listed on the VC label.
• Activate each sensor at least twice to make sure the module gets No
the latest tire pressure data. Refer to Tire Pressure Monitoring GO to D3 .
System (TPMS) Sensor Activation or drive the vehicle for at
least 2 minutes above 32 km/h (20 mph) to clear the low
pressure warning. Do not train the sensors at this time.
• Has the TPMS warning indicator gone out?
D3 CHECK FOR A STUCK TPMS SENSOR
Yes
• Ignition ON. REFER to Section 413-01 to
 • Enter the following diagnostic mode on the scan tool: diagnose the TPMS warning
DataLogger - BCM . indicator.
• View and record the following BCM tire pressure PIDs :
♦ Left Front Tire Pressure (TPM_PRES_LF) No
♦ Right Front Tire Pressure (TPM_PRES_RF) INSTALL new TPMS
♦ Left Rear Tire Pressure (TPM_PRES_LR) sensor(s). REFER to Tire
♦ Right Rear Tire Pressure (TPM_PRES_RR) Pressure Monitoring System
• Using special tool 204-354, measure the actual tire pressures. (TPMS) Sensor .
• Compare the tire pressure PIDs with the measured tire
pressures.
• Do the compared tire pressure values match within ±5 psi?

Pinpoint Test E: The BCM will not enter TPMS sensor training mode

Normal Operation and Fault Conditions

For the BCM to enter TPMS sensor training mode, the BCM must receive valid inputs from the stoplamp
switch (off) and ignition (ON), and it must receive valid vehicle speed sensor input (0 km/h [0 mph]).

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Possible Causes
• Stoplamp switch concern
• Ignition switch concern
• VSS concern
• BCM

PINPOINT TEST E: THE BCM WILL NOT ENTER TPMS SENSOR TRAINING MODE

Test Step Result / Action to Take

E1 CHECK THE BCM IGNITION STATE
(IGN_SW_STATE) PID
Yes
• Ignition ON. GO to E2 .
• Enter the following diagnostic mode on
the scan tool: DataLogger - BCM . No
• Monitor the BCM IGN_SW_STATE DIAGNOSE the ignition switch or start/stop button.
PID with the ignition ON. REFER to the DTC Index in the Section 211-05 .
• Does the PID indicate the correct
ignition status?
E2 CHECK FOR VEHICLE
SPEED-RELATED DTCs IN THE PCM
Yes
• Using a scan tool, carry out the PCM DIAGNOSE the PCM DTC. REFER to the Powertrain
KOEO self-test. Control/Emissions Diagnosis (PC/ED) manual.
• Is DTC P0500 present?
No
GO to E3 .
E3 CHECK THE STOPLAMP
OPERATION
Yes
GO to E4 .
 • Press and release the brake pedal while
monitoring the stoplamps. No
• Do the stoplamps operate correctly? REFER to Section 417-01 .
E4 CHECK FOR CORRECT BCM
OPERATION
Yes
• Ignition OFF. CHECK OASIS for any applicable TSBs. If a TSB
• Disconnect and inspect all BCM exists for this concern, DISCONTINUE this test and
electrical connectors. FOLLOW the TSB instructions.
• Repair:
♦ corrosion (install new connector If no TSBs address this concern, INSTALL a new
or terminal - clean module pins) BCM . REFER to Section 419-10 .
♦ damaged or bent pins - install
new terminals/pins No
♦ pushed-out pins - install new The system is operating correctly at this time. The
pins as necessary concern may have been caused by a loose or corroded
• Connect the BCM electrical connectors. connector. ADDRESS the root cause of any connector
Make sure they seat and latch correctly. or pin issues.
• Operate the system and determine if the

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concern is still present.
• Is the concern still present?

Pinpoint Test F: One Or More TPMS Sensors Do Not Train And No DTCs Are Present

NOTE: If the vehicle has been stationary for more than 30 minutes, the sensors go into a "sleep mode" to
conserve battery power. It becomes necessary to wake them up so they transmit the latest tire pressure
information. For additional information, refer to Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Activation
.

Normal Operation and Fault Conditions

The BCM monitors the tire pressure of all 4 road tires. The wheel-mounted tire pressure sensors transmit
signals via radio frequency to the BCM . The BCM is a radio receiver that collects the tire pressure data from
the tire pressure sensors. The TPMS sensor radio transmissions are sent once approximately every 60 seconds
when the vehicle speed exceeds 32 km/h (20 mph). Through the training process, the BCM learns the position
of each TPMS sensor.

Possible Causes
• RFI
• TPMS sensor(s)

Visual Inspection and Diagnostic Pre-checks

• Inspect for customer electronic devices, such as cell phone chargers or GPS units.
• Inspect for non- OEM wheels or run-flat tires.

PINPOINT TEST F: ONE OR MORE TPMS SENSORS DO NOT TRAIN AND NO DTCS ARE PRESENT

Test Step Result / Action to Take

F1 ATTEMPT TO TRAIN THE TPMS SENSORS
Yes
 • Train all 4 TPMS sensors. Refer to Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training -
Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) .
• Do all 4 TPMS sensors train?
F2 CHECK FOR RADIO FREQUENCY
INTERFERENCE
• Move the vehicle to rotate the wheels at least
one-fourth turn.
• Train all 4 TPMS sensors. Refer to Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training -
Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead
Transmitter (IKT) .
• Did the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
The system is operating correctly at this
time. The concern may have been caused
by RFI .
No
If one or more sensors trained, GO to F2
. If none of the sensors trained, GO to
Pinpoint Test G .
Yes
The system is operating correctly at this
time. The concern may have been caused
by RFI .
No
INSTALL a new Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) sensor(s)
for the sensor(s) in question. Tire

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sensor(s) train? Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Sensor .

Pinpoint Test G: Diagnosing Radio Frequency Interference Concerns

Normal Operation and Fault Conditions

When the TPMS sensor is activated by the sensor training tool, the sensor transmits the current tire pressure
and sensor identification to the BCM . RFI or a sensor with an internal failure prevents the sensor from
transmitting the information to the BCM . Likewise, a BCM with an internal failure will prevent the sensor
information from reaching the BCM .

Possible Causes
• RFI
• TPMS sensor(s)
• BCM

Visual Inspection and Diagnostic Pre-checks

• Inspect for customer electronic devices, such as cell phone chargers or GPS units.
• Inspect for non- OEM wheels or run-flat tires.

PINPOINT TEST G: DIAGNOSING RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE CONCERNS

Test Step Result / Action to Take

G1 VIEW THE BCM TPMS STATUS (TPMS_STAT)
PID
Yes
• Ignition ON. GO to G2 .
• Enter the following diagnostic mode on the scan
tool: DataLogger - BCM . No
• View the BCM TPMS_STAT PID . GO to G4 .
 • Does the PID display SYSTEM FAULT?
G2 CARRY OUT THE SENSOR TRAINING
PROCEDURE
Yes
NOTE: Before beginning TPMS sensor training, The system is operating correctly at this
make sure the vehicle is away from other vehicles time. The concern may have been caused
or devices that might cause RFI such as electric by TPMS sensor training, make sure the
motors or radio transmitters. vehicle is away from other vehicles or
devices that might cause RFI .
• Train all 4 TPMS sensors. Refer to Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - No
Intelligent Access (IA) or Te Pressure Monitoring GO to G3 .
System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated
Keyhead Transmitter (IKT) .
• Did all of the TPMS sensors transmit correctly
and did the horn sound when each sensor
transmitted to the BCM ?
G3 ATTEMPT TO CARRY OUT THE SENSOR
TRAINING PROCEDURE AGAIN USING KNOWN

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GOOD SENSORS
Yes
• Move the concern vehicle to rotate the wheels at If only some of the sensors trained,
least one-fourth of a turn and leave the vehicle INSTALL a new TPMS sensor for each
doors open. sensor that failed to train. Tire Pressure
• Attempt to train known good TPMS sensors from Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor If all
another vehicle to the concern vehicle. Refer to Tire the known good sensors trained, INSTALL
Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor new sensors on the concern vehicle. Tire
Training - Intelligent Access (IA) or Tire Pressure Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Sensor .
Integrated Keyhead Transmitter (IKT) .
• Did the known good TPMS sensors transmit No
correctly and did the horn sound when the GO to G4 .
known good TPMS sensors transmitted to the
BCM ?
G4 CHECK FOR CORRECT BCM OPERATION
Yes
• Ignition OFF. CHECK OASIS for any applicable TSBs.
• Disconnect and inspect all BCM electrical If a TSB exists for this concern,
connectors. DISCONTINUE this test and FOLLOW
• Repair: the TSB instructions.
♦ corrosion (install new connector or terminal
- clean module pins) If no TSBs address this concern, INSTALL
♦ damaged or bent pins - install new a new BCM . REFER to Section 419-10 .
terminals/pins
♦ pushed-out pins - install new pins as No
necessary The system is operating correctly at this
• Connect the BCM electrical connectors. Make sure time. The concern may have been caused
they seat and latch correctly. by a loose or corroded connector.
• Operate the system and determine if the concern is ADDRESS the root cause of any connector
still present. or pin issues.
• Is the concern still present?
SECTION 204-04B: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
GENERAL PROCEDURES

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Intelligent Access (IA)

Special Tool(s)

Activation Tool, Tire Pressure Monitor

204-363

Vehicle Communication Module (VCM)

and Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS)
software with appropriate hardware, or
equivalent scan tool
NOTE: If the vehicle has been stationary for more than 30 minutes, the sensors will go into a "sleep mode" to
conserve battery power. It will be necessary to wake them up so they will transmit the latest tire pressure
information to the Smart Junction Box (SJB). For additional information, refer to Tire Pressure Monitoring

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System (TPMS) Sensor Activation in this section.

NOTE: The tire pressure sensor training procedure must be done on a single vehicle, in an area without radio
frequency noise and at le1 m (3 ft) away from other vehicles equipped with a Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS).

Radio frequency noise is generated by electrical motors and appliance operation, cellular telephones, remote
transmitters, power inverters and portable entertainment equipment.

NOTE: If a sensor does not respond to the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool, attempt to activate the
same sensor with the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool. If the sensor still does not respond, move the
vehicle to rotate the wheels at least one-fourth turn and attempt to activate the same sensor again.

NOTE: The SJB has a 2-minute time limit between sensor responses. If the SJB does not recognize any 1 of
the 4 tire pressure sensors during this time limit, the horn will sound twice and the message center (if
equipped) will display TIRE NOT TRAINED REPEAT and the entire procedure must be repeated.

NOTE: For vehicles with different front and rear tire pressures (such as the E-Series and certain F-Series), the
tire pressure sensors must be trained following a tire rotation. Failure to train the sensors will cause the TPMS
indicator to illuminate. For vehicles with the same tire pressure for front and rear tires, tire rotation will not
affect the system.

NOTE: Refer to Description and Operation, Intelligent Access (IA) with Push Button Start in Section
419-01C to review the procedures for achieving the various ignition states (ignition in accessory, ignition on,
ignition start, ignition off) on vehicles with this feature.

1. With the ignition OFF, press and release the brake pedal.

2. Using the start/stop switch, position the ignition from OFF to RUN 3 times, ending in the RUN
position.

3. Press and release the brake pedal.

4. Position the ignition to OFF position.

 5. Using the start/stop switch, position the ignition from OFF to RUN 3 times, ending in the RUN
position.
• The horn will sound once and the TPMS indicator will flash if the training mode has been
entered successfully. If equipped, the message center will display TRAIN LF TIRE.

6. NOTE: It may take up to 6 seconds to activate a tire pressure sensor. During this time, the Tire
Pressure Monitor Activation Tool must remain in place at the valve stem.

Place the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool on the LF tire sidewall at the valve stem. Press and
release the test button on the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool. The horn will sound briefly to
indicate that the tire pressure sensor has been recognized by the SJB .

7. Within 2 minutes of the horn sounding, place the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool on the RF
tire sidewall at the valve stem and press and release the test button to train the RF tire pressure sensor.

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8. NOTE: Do not wait more than 2 minutes between training each sensor or the SJB will time out and
the entire procedure must be repeated.

Repeat Step 7 for the RR and LR tires.

The procedure is completed after the last tire has been trained. When the training procedure is
complete, the message center (if equipped) will display TIRE TRAINING COMPLETE.
For vehicles not equipped with a message center, successful completion of the training procedure will
be verified by turning the ignition switch to the OFF position without the horn sounding. If the horn
sounds twice when the switch is turned to the OFF position, the training procedure was not successful.

9. Using the scan tool, locate the updated TPMS sensor identifiers trained to the SJB and document them
on the applicable warranty claim.

10. NOTE: This step is required to clear DTC C2780, cause the SJB to exit the manufacturing mode and
to make sure there are no other concerns with a newly programmed SJB .

If the sensors are being trained due to the installation of a new SJB , clear any DTCs and carry out the
SJB On-Demand Self Test.
SECTION 204-04B: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
GENERAL PROCEDURES

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Training - Integrated Keyhead Transmitter
(IKT)

Special Tool(s)

Activation Tool, Tire Pressure Monitor

204-363

Vehicle Communication Module (VCM)

and Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS)
software with appropriate hardware, or
equivalent scan tool
NOTE: If the vehicle has been stationary for more than 30 minutes, the sensors will go into a "sleep mode" to
conserve battery power. It will be necessary to wake them up so they will transmit the latest tire pressure

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information to the Smart Junction Box (SJB). For additional information, refer to Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) Sensor Activation in this section.

NOTE: The tire pressure sensor training procedure must be done on a single vehicle, in an area without
radioquency noise and at least 1 m (3 ft) away from other vehicles equipped with a Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS).

Radio frequency noise is generated by electrical motors and appliance operation, cellular telephones, remote
transmitters, power inverters and portable entertainment equipment.

NOTE: If a sensor does not respond to the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool, attempt to activate the
same sensor with the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool. If the sensor still does not respond, move the
vehicle to rotate the wheels at least one-fourth turn and attempt to activate the same sensor again.

NOTE: The SJB has a 2-minute time limit between sensor responses. If the SJB does not recognize any 1 of
the 4 tire pressure sensors during this time limit, the horn will sound twice and the message center (if
equipped) will display TIRE NOT TRAINED REPEAT and the entire procedure must be repeated.

NOTE: For vehicles with different front and rear tire pressures (such as the E-Series and certain F-Series), the
tire pressure sensors must be trained following a tire rotation. Failure to train the sensors will cause the TPMS
indicator to illuminate. For vehicles with the same tire pressure for front and rear tires, tire rotation will not
affect the system.

1. NOTE: An animated version of this procedure is available on-line.

Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position, then press and release the brake pedal.

2. Cycle the ignition switch from the OFF position to the RUN position 3 times, ending in the RUN
position.

3. Press and release the brake pedal.

4. Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position.

 5. Turn the ignition switch from the OFF position to the RUN position 3 times, ending in the RUN
position.
• The horn will sound once and the TPMS indicator will flash if the training mode has been
entered successfully. If equipped, the message center will display TRAIN LF TIRE.

6. NOTE: It may take up to 6 seconds to activate a tire pressure sensor. During this time, the Tire
Pressure Monitor Activation Tool must remain in place at the valve stem.

Place the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool on the LF tire sidewall at the valve stem. Press and
release the test button on the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool. The horn will sound briefly to
indicate that the tire pressure sensor has been recognized by the SJB .

7. Within 2 minutes of the horn sounding, place the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool on the RF
tire sidewall at the valve stem and press and release the test button to train the RF tire pressure sensor.

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8. NOTE: Do not wait more than 2 minutes between training each sensor or the SJB will time out and
the entire procedure must be repeated.

Repeat Step 7 for the RR and LR tires.

The procedure is completed after the last tire has been trained. When the training procedure is
complete, the message center (if equipped) will display TIRE TRAINING COMPLETE.
For vehicles not equipped with a message center, successful completion of the training procedure will
be verified by turning the ignition switch to the OFF position without the horn sounding. If the horn
sounds twice when the switch is turned to the OFF position, the training procedure was not successful.

9. Using the scan tool, locate the updated TPMS sensor identifiers trained to the SJB and document them
on the applicable warranty claim.

10. NOTE: This step is required to clear DTC B1182:55, cause the SJB to exit the manufacturing mode
and to make sure there are no other concerns with a newly programmed SJB .

If the sensors are being trained due to the installation of a new SJB , clear any DTCs and carry out the
SJB On-Demand Self Test.
SECTION 204-04B: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
GENERAL PROCEDURES

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor Activation

Special Tool(s)

Activation Tool, Tire Pressure Monitor

204-363, or Customer Activation Tool, Tire
Pressure Monitor
NOTE: The tire pressure sensors will go into a "sleep mode" when a vehicle is stationary to conserve battery
power. The sensors do not transmit information while in sleep mode. It will be necessary to wake them up so
they will transmit the latest tire pressure information.

1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.

2. Position the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool against the LF tire sidewall at the tire valve stem.

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3. NOTE: The Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool will provide feedback in the form of a flashing
green light and a beep sound for each successful response from a tire pressure sensor. This feedback
may not always be present, do not rely on it as a confirmation that the module heard a particular
sensor.

NOTE: If a sensor does not respond to the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool, move the vehicle
to rotate the wheels at least one-fourth of a turn and attempt to activate the same sensor again. If the
sensor still does not respond, attempt to activate the same sensor again using the customer activation
tool (if available). If the sensor still fails to train, attempt to train the sensor with the vehicle doors
open.

Press the test button on the Tire Pressure Monitor Activation Tool to activate the sensor. Activate the
sensor at least 2 times.

4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for the remaining tires.

5. If the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) indicator remains illuminated after adjusting and
activating each sensor, refer to the Symptom Chart in Diagnosis and Testing in this section.
SECTION 204-04B: Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Sensor

Removal

WARNING: Before beginning any service procedure in this section, refer to Safety Warnings in
section 100-00 General Information. Failure to follow this instruction may result in serious personal
injury.

1. NOTE: The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) sensor cannot be removed without
disassembly of the wheel and tire.

Disassemble the wheel and tire. Refer to Section 204-04A .

Installation

1. NOTE: The TPMS sensor cannot be installed without disassembly of the wheel and tire.

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Assemble the wheel and tire. Refer to Section 204-04A .