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Ideal Plug Flow Reactor PDF
Ideal Plug Flow Reactor PDF
Q Q
CO CL
0 L
time
0
time
0
1
In an ideal PFR, concentration is a function of both distance along the flow
path, x, and time, t:
C = C(x,t)
dV = differential volume
Q Q
A = cross sectional area
Cx Cx+dx
dx = differential distance
and
A
dV = Adx x x+dx
In = QCx
Out = QCx+dx
Generation = dVrC = AdxrC
Cx Cx
Accumulation = dV Adx
t t
Cx
QCx – QCx+dx + dVrC = dV
t
Cx+dx = Cx + dCx
Cx
Q(Cx – Cx – dCx) + dVrC = dV
t
Cx Cx Cx
Q rC rC since Q is constant
V t V
Q
2
(V/Q) =
Cx Cx
rC
t
Cx
At steady state, 0
t
And the ordinary differential can be substituted for the partial differential
dCx
rC
d
Comments
dC
Ideal PFR : rC
d
dC
Ideal batch : rC
dt
Position in a PFR is equivalent to time in a batch reactor
3
For a 1st order reaction, r = -kC, in a PFR at steady state
dC
kC
d
CL
dC
kd
Co C 0
CL = C0exp(-k )
1.2
0.8
C/Co
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Example:
Q,
Co Q,
Xo Ce,
Xe
4
Where
Q = 0.25 m3/s
A = channel cross section between baffles = 18 m2
rd = rate of microorganism kill in presence of chlorine = -kdX
X = concentration of microorganisms at any point in contact reactor
Xo = influent concentration of microorganisms = 106 E. coli/100 ml
kd = 5 hr-1
rc = rate of chlorine decay (from microorganism Cl-demand) = -kcX
kc = 10-5 (mg-chlorine/L)(#/100mL)-1hr-1
find:
1. reactor volume and flow path length, L, such that XL < 103 cells/100
ml
2. chlorine concentration which must be added to insure that there is
detectable chlorine at PFR exit (detection level = CL = 0.05 mg/L)
XL = Xoexp(-kd )
5
dC c
k cX k c X o exp( k d d )
d
CL
dC c k c X o exp( k d )d
Cco 0
(k c X o ) k c X o exp( k d )
CL C co
kd kd
(k c X o )
CL C co (1 exp( k d ))
kd
Cc (mg-chlorine/L)
Cc
E. coli (#/100 mL)
1.0E+05 3.00
1.0E+04 2.00
1.0E+03 1.00
1.0E+02 0.00
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
= x/v (hr)