‫ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻳﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺣﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﻡ‬

REPUBLIC OF SUDAN
MINISTREY OF HIGHER EDUCATION &SCIENTIFIC RESARCH
CAMBRIDIG INTERNATIONAL COLLEG(SUDAN)
CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM
 BATCH .2
SPECIAL TOPIC IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

 ::PRESENTATION  About:

PRECOST Concrete
:BY

ALMOEZ MOHAMMED ADAM

MOUAZ ABDALHAI FADOULL

SAMAH MOHAMMED OMER

DR.MOUAZ OSMAN BOSHARA

 INTRODUCTION:
The concept of precast( also know as “prefabricated ”) construction includes
those building , where the majority of structural components are
standardized and
produced in plants in a location away from the building, and then
transported to the site
for assembly. These components are manufactured by industrial methods
based on mass
production in order to build a large number of buildings in a short time at
low cost.
 WHAT IS PRECAST CONCERT?
Precast concrete means concrete member that
is cast and cured at a location other than its
final designated location.
 TYPES OF PRECAST
SYSTEMS
Depending on the load­bearing
structure, precast systems can be
divided into the following categories:

❖ Large­panel systems
❖ Mixed systems
❖ FRAME SYSTEMS
❖ SLAB­COLUMN SYSTEMS WITH
SHEAR WALLS
  PRECAST CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
1/Precast Slabs
2/ PRECAST BEAM & GIRDERS
3/ PRECAST COLUMNS

Inverted Tee beams supported on precast columns

4/PRECAST WALLS
5/OTHER ELEMENTS

Precast concrete Stairs

 Uniquely shaped
structural elements for a
sports stadium
How to connect pre-
cast concrete
members
STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS
& JOINTING
SYSTEMS FOR PRECAST
CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
DEFINITION OF JOINT
& CONNECTION
Within a “connection”, there may be
several load transferring “joints”.
A “joint” is action of forces
(Compression, Tension, Shear)
between two or more structural
elements thro’ an intermediate
medium (rubber, steel, grout etc.) The
behavior of joint will depend on how
much this intermediate medium differs
from parent concrete .
 Purpose of Connection
The Design & Construction of Joints & Connections is the most

Important consideration in Precast Concrete Structure

:The purpose of Connection is

1. To transmit forces between structural elements and/or

2. To provide Overall Stability

3. To provide Robustness (structural integrity)

 DESIGN CRITERION FOR JOINTS
In addition to designing the joints for serviceability & ultimate loads
(which are easy to predict & calculate), the joint shall also be designed to
resist unpredictable loads due to,

1. Fire

2. Impact

3. Explosions etc.

The failure of one joint should not under any circumstances lead to
structural Instability (alternate load path shall be available.
 METHODS OF CONNECTING

The Connections between precast elements can be achieved thro

❖ Bolting

❖ Welding
❖ Grouting (wet connections)

The Method of Connection largely depends upon type

of structure, seismic zone, availability of materials &

hardware and skill set of site operatives.

 BASIC MECHANISMS
OF LOAD TRANSFER IN
A CONNECTION

Strut & Tie for transfer of Bearing forces

Coupled joints for transfer of bearing forces

and/or Moments & Torsion

Shear Friction for transfer

of shear with or without

compression
TYPE OF PRECAST JOINT
Compression Joints
The compression (bearing) joints
can be formed by,
Dry Pack Mortar
Bedded Bearing (semi wet mortar)
Soft Bearing
Steel Bearing
Extended bearings thro’ wet joints
(where temporary bearings are
small)
 SHEAR JOINTS

The shear forces can be transferred between two Precast Elements by one or
more of

: Following method

1. Adhesion & Bonding (Generally avoided)

2. Shear Friction

3. Shear Keys

4. Dowel Action

5. Mechanical Connection
 SHEAR JOINTS- SHEAR
FRICTION

The Shear Friction relies on nature of

interface between contact surface

When a surface has certain roughness,

the shear will be transferred by

Friction even if the surface is cracked

 SHEAR JOINTS –SHEAR KEYS

Shear Keys rely on

mechanical interlock
and the development
of a confined
diagonal compressive
strut across the shear
. plane
 SHEAR JOINTS –DOWEL ACTION
Where reinforcing bars
are placed across the
joints, the shear force
’is transferred thro
dowel Action”. Where “
, dowel bars are used
the capacity of dowel
action alone is
assumed to act
ignoring shear
friction/shear keys
 TENSION JOINTS
Lapping of rebar's or
loops is often used to
transfer tension
between precast
elements. The
precast elements are
cast with projecting
bars/loops which are
embedded in wet
. concrete / grout
SHEAR JOINTS – MECHANICAL
DEVICE

Shear transfer may be achieved locally using

mechanical connection. the Design of such

connection shall be considered carefully as

a very high stiffness of the joint is made locally

due to site welding/ high friction grip bolts

leading to less flexibility of joint

SEALANTS IN JOINTS
Connections Precast Concrete Construction

involves interface between old concrete (precast)

& new concrete (grout) and hence are vulnerable

to cracking due to temperature changes &

movement .

• By care full designing of such joints, the crack

widths in the joints can be limited to an extent

but can not be avoided altogether.

• To achieve water tightness, sealants in external

joints as a must.
CHOICE OF SEALANTS
The variety of sealants are available in market

e.g. Poly Urethane based , Poly Sulfide based

or Silicon based.
• The choice of sealant for a particular project
will depend upon the type of structure, strain
levels in joints, ambient temperature,
seasonal changes, life of sealant and it’s
elongation properties.
 Advantages of
precast concrete
❖ Very rapid speed of reaction.
❖ Good quality control.
❖ Entire building can be precast –walls ,floors , beams ,etc…
❖ Rapid construction on site.
❖ High quality because of the controlled condition in the
factory.
❖ Prestressing is easily done which can reduce the size and
number of the structural members.
 disadvantages of
precast concrete
❖ .Very heavy members

❖ Camber in beams and slabs.

❖ Very small margin for error.

❖ Connections may be difficult.

❖ Somewhat limited ,building design flexibility.

❖ Because panels size is limited, precast concrete can not be

used for two-way structural systems
 DISADVANTAGES OF
PRECAST CONCRETE
❖ Economics of scale demand regularly shaped buildings .
❖ Need for repetition of forms will affect building design.
❖ Joints between panels are often expensive and complicated.
❖ Skilled workmanship is required in the application of the
panel on site.
❖ Cranes are required to lift panels.
 CONCLUSION
There are many benefits associated with the use of precast
concrete components. Of course these require proper design,
use of the correct materials and manufacturing processes with
skilled and knowledgeable personnel. Benefits available
include:-
 ❖ Quality
❖ Durability

❖ Dimensional accuracy

❖ Tight tolerances

❖ Speed of construction

❖ Reduction of on site labor

❖ Reduction of on site activity, noise, and disturbance
❖ reduction of on site waste

❖ low life cycle cost

❖ minimal maintenance

❖ non combustible

❖ fire rated
 ❖ Not subject to rot

❖ Acoustic insulation
❖ Thermal inertia reduces lifetime energy costs

❖ Sandwich panels available for insulation

❖ Large spans available from prestressing

❖ These impact on all parties providing benefits for the
architect, engineer, builder, developer, and owner. The
benefits are many, including financial gains from shorter
construction times and earlier occupation.
THANK YOU