zika is a viral infection that is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito.

Outbreaks typically occur in

tropical Africa and southeast Asia. In May 2015, Brazil reported the first outbreak of Zika in the
Americas. Zika is now present in many tropical areas.

Mode of transmission

Zika virus is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. The
mosquitoes typically lay eggs in and near standing water in things like buckets, bowls, animal dishes,
flower pots, and vases. They are aggressive daytime biters, prefer to bite people, and live indoors
and out-doors near people. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on a person al-ready
infected with the virus. Infected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to other people through bites.
A mother already infected with Zika virus near the time of delivery can pass on the virus to her new-
born around the time of birth. It is possible that Zika virus could be passed from mother to foetus
during pregnancy.

Zika is an emerging virus. As of January 2016, there were no reports of infants getting Zika virus
through breastfeeding. Because of the benefits of breastfeeding, mothers are encouraged to
breastfeed even in areas where Zika virus is found.

As of January 2016, there was one report of possible spread of Zika virus through blood transfusion
and one report of possible spread through sexual contact.

symptoms of Zika

About one in five people develop symptoms and infection is usually mild. The most common
symptoms are fever, rash, joint pain or red eyes. Other common symptoms include muscle pain and
headache. Symptoms usually begin 2-7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and last
several days to a week. Hospitalization and deaths from Zika are rare.

How can Zika be prevented

No vaccine or preventive drug is available at this time. The best way to prevent Zika is to avoid
mosquito bites when traveling to an area where Zika is present

Use an EPA-registered insect repellent. Many insect repellents are safe for pregnant women and
children to use but be sure to check the product label for any warnings and follow the instructions
closely.

When indoors, use air conditioning, window screens or insecticide-treated mosquito netting to keep
mosquitoes out of the home.

Reduce the number of mosquitoes outside the home or hotel room by emptying or routinely
changing standing water from containers such as flowerpots, pet dishes and bird baths.

Weather permitting, wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors.