Name of What, who, when…

province/colony
13
New England colonies
Province of New The Province of New Hampshire was a colony of England and later a British
Hampshire province in North America. The name was first given in 1629 to the territory
between the Merrimack and Piscataqua rivers on the eastern coast of North America,
and was named after the county of Hampshire in southern England by Captain John
Mason, its first named proprietor. In 1776 the province established an independent
state and government, the State of New Hampshire, and joined with twelve other
colonies to form the United States. Europeans first settled New Hampshire in the
1620s, and the province consisted for many years of a small number of
communities along the seacoast, Piscataqua River, and Great Bay. In 1641 the
communities were organized under the government of the Massachusetts Bay
Colony, until Charles II issued a colonial charter for the province and
appointed John Cutt as President of New Hampshire in 1679. After a brief period
as a separate province, the territory was absorbed into the Dominion of New
England in 1686. Following the collapse of the unpopular Dominion, on October 7,
1691 New Hampshire was again separated from Massachusetts and organized as
an English crown colony. Its charter was enacted on May 14, 1692, during the
coregency of William and Mary, the joint monarchs of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Between 1699 and 1741, the province's governor was often concurrently the
governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. This practice ended completely in
1741, when Benning Wentworth was appointed governor. Wentworth laid claim on
behalf of the province to lands west of the Connecticut River, east of the Hudson
River, and north of Massachusetts, issuing controversial land grants that were
disputed by the Province of New York, which also claimed the territory. These
disputes resulted in the eventual formation of the Vermont Republic and the US
state of Vermont.
The province's economy was dominated by timber and fishing. The timber trade,
although lucrative, was a subject of conflict with the crown, which sought to
Province of The Province of Massachusetts Bay[2] was a crown colony in British North
Massachusetts Bay America and one of the thirteen original states of the United States from 1776. It
was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of
the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The charter took effect on May 14,
1692, and included the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony,
the Province of Maine, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Nova Scotia, and New
Brunswick. The modern Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the direct
successor. Maine has been a separate U.S. state since 1820, and Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick are now Canadian provinces, having been part of the colony
only until 1697.
The name Massachusetts comes from the Massachusett Indians,
an Algonquian tribe. The name has been translated as "at the great hill", "at the
place of large hills", or "at the range of hills", with reference to the Blue Hills and
to Great Blue Hill in particular.
Colony of Rhode Island The Connecticut Colony or Colony of Connecticut, originally known as
and Providence the Connecticut River Colony or simply the River Colony, was an English
Plantations colony in North America that became the U.S. state of Connecticut. It was organized
on March 3, 1636 as a settlement for a Puritan congregation. After early struggles
with the Dutch, the English permanently gained control of the region in 1637. The
colony was later the scene of a bloody war between the colonists and Pequot
Indians known as the Pequot War. Connecticut Colony played a significant role in
the establishment of self-government in the New World with its refusal to
surrender local authority to the Dominion of New England, an event known as
the Charter Oak incident which occurred at Jeremy Adams' inn and tavern.
Two other English settlements in the present-day state of Connecticut were
merged into the Colony of Connecticut: Saybrook Colony in 1644 and New Haven
Colony in 1662.
The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was one of the
Connecticut Colony original Thirteen Colonies established on the east coast of North America,
bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It was a colony of the Kingdom of England from 1636
to 1707, when the Acts of Union were passed, and then a colony of the
unified Kingdom of Great Britain until 1776. After the American Revolution, it became
the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (commonly known as
just Rhode Island).
 The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and
colonies
Province of New York later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America. As one of the Thirteen
Colonies, New York achieved independence and worked with the others to found
the United States. In 1664, during
the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch Province of New Netherland was awarded
by Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. James raised a fleet to
take it from the Dutch and the Governor surrendered to the English fleet without
recognition from the Dutch West Indies Company. The province was renamed for
Middle

the Duke of York, as its proprietor. England seized de facto control of the colony
from the Dutch in 1664, and was given de jure sovereign control in 1667 in
the Treaty of Breda and again in the Treaty of Westminster (1674). It wasn't until 1674
that English Common law was applied. The colony was one of the Middle Colonies,
and ruled at first directly from England. When James ascended to the throne of
England as James II, the colony became a royal colony. When the English
arrived, the colony somewhat vaguely included claims to all of the present U.S.
states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Vermont, along with inland portions
of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Maine in addition to eastern Pennsylvania. The
majority of this land was soon reassigned by the crown, leaving the territory of the
modern State of New York, including the valleys of the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers,
and future Vermont. The territory of western New York was disputed with
the Iroquois Indian nation, and also disputed between the English and
the French from their northern colonial province of New France (modern
eastern Canada). Vermont was disputed with the Province of New Hampshire to the
east. The revolutionary New York Provincial Congress of local representatives
assumed the government on May 22, 1775, declared the province the "State of
New York" in 1776, and ratified the first New York Constitution in 1777. During the
ensuing American Revolutionary War the British regained and occupied New York
Town in September 1776, using it as its military and political base of operations
Province of New Jersey The Province of New Jersey was one of the Middle Colonies of Colonial America and
became the U.S. state of New Jersey in 1776. The province had originally been
settled by Europeans as part of New Netherland, but came under English rule after
the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, becoming a proprietary colony. The
English then renamed the province after the Isle of Jersey in the English Channel.
The Dutch Republic reasserted control for a brief period in 1673–1674. After that it
consisted of two political divisions, East Jersey and West Jersey, until they were
united as a royal colony in 1702. The original boundaries of the province were
slightly larger than the current state, extending into a part of the present state
of New York, until the border was finalized in 1773.

Province of Pennsylvania, The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was
founded in English North America by William Penn on March 4, 1681 as dictated in
a royal charter granted by King Charles II. The name Pennsylvania, which translates
roughly as "Penn's Woods",[1] was created by combining the Penn surname (in
honor of William's father, Admiral Sir William Penn) with the Latin word sylvania,
meaning "forest land". The Province of Pennsylvania was one of the two
major Restoration colonies, the other being the Province of Carolina. The proprietary
colony's charter remained in the hands of the Penn family until the American
Revolution, when the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was created and became one
of the original thirteen states.
 Delaware Colony in the North American Middle Colonies consisted of land on the
Delaware Colony west bank of the Delaware River Bay. In the early 17th century the area was
inhabited by Lenape and possibly the Assateague tribes of Native Americans. The
first European settlers were the Swedes and the Dutch, but the land fell under
English control in 1664. William Penn was given the deed to what was then called
"the Lower Counties on the Delaware" by the Duke of York, in a deed separate
from that which he held for the larger Province of Pennsylvania. Delaware was then
governed as part of Pennsylvania from 1682 until 1701, when the Lower Counties
petitioned for and were granted an independent colonial legislature, though the
two colonies shared the same governor until 1776, when Delaware's assembly
voted to break all ties with both Great Britain and Pennsylvania.
Southern colonies
Province of Maryland, The Province of Maryland[1] was an English and later British colony in North
America that existed from 1632[2] until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of
the Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S.
state of Maryland. Its first settlement and capital was St. Mary's City, in the southern
end of St. Mary's County, which is a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay and is also
bordered by four tidal rivers. The province began as a proprietary
colony of the English Lord Baltimore, who wished to create a haven for
English Catholics in the new world at the time of the European wars of religion.
Although Maryland was an early pioneer of religious toleration in the English
colonies, religious strife among Anglicans, Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers was
common in the early years, and Puritan rebels briefly seized control of the
province. In 1689, the year following the Glorious Revolution, John Coode led a
rebellion that removed Lord Baltimore from power in Maryland. Power in the
colony was restored to the Baltimore family in 1715 when Charles Calvert, 5th Baron
Baltimore, insisted in public that he was a Protestant.
Despite early competition with the colony of Virginia to its south, and the Dutch
colony of New Netherland to its north, the Province of Maryland developed along
very similar lines to Virginia. Its early settlements and population centers tended
to cluster around the rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake
Bay and, like Virginia, Maryland's economy quickly became centered on the
cultivation of tobacco, for sale in Europe. The need for cheap labor, and later with
the mixed farming economy that developed when tobacco prices collapsed, led to
a rapid expansion of indentured servitude, penal transportation, and forcible
immigration and enslavement of Africans. Maryland received a larger felon quota
than any other province.
The Province of Maryland was an active participant in the events leading up to
the American Revolution, and echoed events in New England by
Colony and Dominion of The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first
Virginia, enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at
settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert[2] in 1583, and the subsequent
further south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in
the late 1580s. The
founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company,[3] with the first two
settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham
Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607. The Popham
colony quickly failed due to a famine, disease, and conflict with local Native
American tribes in the first two years. Jamestown occupied land belonging to
the Powhatan Confederacy, and was also at the brink of failure before the arrival of
a new group of settlers and supplies by ship in 1610. Tobacco became Virginia's
first profitable export, the production of which had a significant impact on the
society and settlement patterns.
In 1624, the Virginia Company's charter was revoked by King James I, and the
Virginia colony was transferred to royal authority as a crown colony. After
the English Civil War in the 1640s and 50s, the Virginia colony was nicknamed
"The Old Dominion" by King Charles II for its perceived loyalty to the English
monarchy during the era of the Protectorate and Commonwealth of England.
From 1619 to 1775/1776, the colonial legislature of Virginia was the House of
Burgesses, which governed in conjunction with a colonial governor. Jamestown on
the James River remained the capital of the Virginia colony until 1699; from 1699
until its dissolution the capital was in Williamsburg. The colony experienced its first
major political turmoil with Bacon's Rebellion of 1676.
After declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1775, before
the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted, the Virginia colony
became the Commonwealth of Virginia, one of the original thirteen states of the
Province of North
Carolina The Province of North Carolina was originally part of the Province of Carolina,
which was chartered by eight lords proprietor. The province later became the U.S.
states of North Carolina and Tennessee, and parts of the province combined with
other territory to form the states of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.
Province of South
Carolina The Province of South Carolina[1] (also known as the South Carolina Colony)
was originally part of the Province of Carolina in British America, which was chartered
by eight Lords Proprietor in 1663. The province later became the U.S. state of South
Carolina.

Province of Georgia The Province of Georgia[1] (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern colonies in British
America. It was the last of the thirteen original American colonies established by Great Britain in
what later became the United States. In the original grant, a narrow strip of the province extended to
the Pacific Ocean. The
colony's corporate charter[3] was granted to General James Oglethorpe on April 21, 1732,
by George II, for whom the colony was named. The charter was finalized by the King's privy
council on June 9, 1732. Oglethorpe envisioned a colony which would serve as a haven for English
subjects who had been imprisoned for debt. General Oglethorpe imposed very strict laws that many
colonists disagreed with, such as the banning of alcoholic beverages.[4] He disagreed
with slavery and thought a system of smallholdings more appropriate than the
large plantations common in the colonies just to the north. However, land grants were not as large
as most colonists would have preferred. Oglethorpe envisioned the province as a location for the
resettlement of English debtors and "the worthy poor." Another reason for the founding of the colony
was as a "buffer state" (border), or "garrison province" which would defend the southern British
colonies from Spanish Florida. Oglethorpe imagined a province populated by "sturdy farmers" who
could guard the border; because of this, the colony's charter prohibited slavery.