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MODULE 4: ABSORPTION
LECTURE NO. 4
Liquid in
Ls, X0
1 Gs,Y1
Ls, X1
2
N-1
Gs,YN
N
Ls, X1
Gas in
Gs, YN+1
Liquid out
Ls, XN
If the stage (plate) is ideal, (Xn, Yn) must lie on the equilibrium line, Y*=f(X)
Top plate is located at P(X0, Y1) and bottom plate is marked as Q(XN,
YN+1) in X-Y plane. A vertical line is drawn from Q point to D point in equilibrium
line at (XN, YN). From point D in equilibrium line, a horizontal line is extended up
to operating line at E (XN-1, YN). The region QDE stands for N-th plate (refer
Figure 4.8). We may get fraction of plates. In that situation, the next whole
number will be the actual number of ideal plates. If the overall stage efficiency is
known, the number of real plates can be obtained from Equation (4.18).
3.5
3.0
Q (XN,YN+1)
2.5
2.0 E (XN-1,YN) N
Operating line D (XN,YN)
Y
1.5
N-1 Equilibrium line
1.0
N-2
0.5
P (X0,Y1)
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
X
𝐿 𝑌𝑁
𝑌𝑁+1 − 𝑌1 = 𝐺𝑠 − 𝑋0
𝑠 ∝
𝐿
𝑌𝑁+1 − 𝑌1 = 𝐺 𝑠∝ 𝑌𝑁 −∝ 𝑋0
𝑠
𝑌𝑁+1 − 𝑌1 = 𝐴 𝑌𝑁 −∝ 𝑋0 (4.22)
𝐿 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
where 𝐴 = 𝐺 𝑠∝ = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
Initial conditions:
N=0; Y0=αX0
0
𝑌1 −∝ 𝐴𝑋0
𝛼𝑋0 = 𝐾1 𝐴 +
1−𝐴
When N=N+1;
𝛼𝑋0 − 𝑌1 𝑁+1
𝑌1 −∝ 𝐴𝑋0
𝑌𝑁+1 = 𝐴 +
1−𝐴 1−𝐴
𝑌1
𝛼𝑋0 − 𝑌1 𝐴
−∝ 𝑋0
𝑁
𝑌𝑁+1 = 1
𝐴 + 1
−1 −1
𝐴 𝐴
1 𝑌1
− 1 𝑌𝑁+1 = 𝛼𝑋0 − 𝑌1 𝐴 𝑁 + −∝ 𝑋0
𝐴 𝐴
1 𝑌1
𝛼𝑋0 − 𝑌1 𝐴 𝑁 = − 1 𝑌𝑁+1 − −∝ 𝑋0
𝐴 𝐴
1 𝑌1
−1 𝑌𝑁 +1 − −∝𝑋0 𝑌𝑁 +1 −∝𝑋0 1 1
𝑁 𝐴 𝐴
𝐴 = = 1−𝐴 +𝐴 (4.32)
𝛼 𝑋0 −𝑌1 𝑌1 −∝𝑋0
𝑋 0 −𝑌 𝑁 +1 /∝
𝑙𝑛 1−𝐴 +𝐴
𝑋 𝑁 −𝑌 𝑁 +1 /∝
𝑁= 1 when 𝐴 ≠ 1 (4.36)
𝑙𝑛
𝐴
Solution 4.2:
Basis: 1 hour
GN+1=30 kmol
yN+1=0.015
L0=90 kmol
Moles acetone in = 30×0.015 moles=0.45 moles
Moles nitrogen in = (30-0.45) moles=29.55 moles
Moles acetone leaving (95% absorbed) = 0.45×(1-0.95) moles=0.0225 moles
Gs=29.55 moles
Ls=90 moles
α=2.53 [as, Y=2.53X]
0.0225
𝑌1 = = 7.61 × 10−4
29.55
𝑌𝑁+1 = 0.015
Rewriting Equation (4.19) (operating line) as
𝐺𝑠 𝑌𝑁+1 − 𝑌1 = 𝐿𝑠 (𝑋𝑁 − 𝑋0 )
29.55 × 0.015 − 7.61 × 10−4 = 90(𝑋𝑁 − 0)
XN=4.68×10-3