Plural Ending n/en

 masculine nouns with the endings e, ent, and, ant, ist, or

Example:

der Student – die Studenten

 feminine nouns with the endings e, in, ion, ik, heit, keit, schaft, tät, ung

Example:

die Nation – die Nationen

To note: in the case of feminine nouns that end in in, the “n” is doubled

Example:

die Lehrerin – die Lehrerinnen

 With foreign words that end in ma, um, us, we usually replace the noun ending in the plural
with en.

Example:

das Thema – die Themen

Plural Ending e

 masculine nouns with the endings eur, ich, ier, ig, ling, ör

Example:

der Friseur – die Friseur

 many single-syllable feminine nouns (plural takes an umlaut)

Example:

die Hand – die Hände

Plural Ending r/er

 many single-syllable neuter nouns (plural often takes an umlaut)

Example:

das Wort – die Wörter

 To note: feminine nouns never form the plural with r/er.
Plural Ending s

 masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns with the endings a, i, o, u, y

Example:

der Opa – die Opas

das Auto – die Autos

die Mutti – die Muttis

das Hobby – die Hobbys

 family names

Example:

die Lehmanns (= the Lehmann family)

No Plural Ending

 masculine nouns with the endings el, en, er

Example:

der Löffel – die Löffel

 neuter nouns with the endings chen, lein

Example:

das Mädchen – die Mädchen

Singular or Plural

 Most nouns can be used in the singular and the plural.

Example:

der Geldschein – die Geldscheine

die Münze – die Münzen

 Some nouns tend to be used only in the singular.

Example:das Geld, der Hunger, die Milch

There is a plural form, “die Gelder”, but this has a different meaning.

 Some nouns are used only in the plural.

Example:die Eltern, die Leute, die Ferien